Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2021.1897754
Luiza Iordache Cârstea
ABSTRACT This article provides analysis of some less well-known aspects of the Republican exile in 1939 in the USSR, such as the incarceration in Soviet prisons and internment in forced labour camps of hundreds of Spaniards during the Stalinist era. Based on the memoirs of survivors, specialised literature and documentation from various archives, the text describes the purges against members of different collectives of Spaniards that arrived in the Soviet Union during and after the Civil War (1936–1939), the causes of their arrest and incarceration in the Gulag, life inside the Soviet concentration camp system, and the struggle for survival, freedom and repatriation to Spain.
{"title":"The Republican exile in the Soviet paradise. Spaniards in Stalin’s Gulag","authors":"Luiza Iordache Cârstea","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1897754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1897754","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article provides analysis of some less well-known aspects of the Republican exile in 1939 in the USSR, such as the incarceration in Soviet prisons and internment in forced labour camps of hundreds of Spaniards during the Stalinist era. Based on the memoirs of survivors, specialised literature and documentation from various archives, the text describes the purges against members of different collectives of Spaniards that arrived in the Soviet Union during and after the Civil War (1936–1939), the causes of their arrest and incarceration in the Gulag, life inside the Soviet concentration camp system, and the struggle for survival, freedom and repatriation to Spain.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"41 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89509962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2021.1897755
A. Martínez Martínez
ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze how Spanish refugee identity emerged in France, the basis on which it was built, and the way the gender gap exerted an influence in its creation. For this purpose, we have examined the correspondence sent by women to three relief bodies offering assistance in exile (the Aid Commission for Spanish Refugee Children in France, the Evacuation Service of Spanish Refugees, and Spanish Democratic Solidarity) and attempted to demonstrate that, despite being an identity imposed in part by vicissitudes, institutions and organizations that assisted refugees, it was also an identity that was built, appropriated and reshaped by women for their own benefit. We argue that gender was a constitutive element of this new identity and that, in light of the analyzed material, it was developed on the basis of at least three factors: motherhood, labor and anti-fascism.
{"title":"Motherhood, labor, and anti-fascism: the construction of refugee identity by Spanish women exiled in France, 1939–1976","authors":"A. Martínez Martínez","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1897755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1897755","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze how Spanish refugee identity emerged in France, the basis on which it was built, and the way the gender gap exerted an influence in its creation. For this purpose, we have examined the correspondence sent by women to three relief bodies offering assistance in exile (the Aid Commission for Spanish Refugee Children in France, the Evacuation Service of Spanish Refugees, and Spanish Democratic Solidarity) and attempted to demonstrate that, despite being an identity imposed in part by vicissitudes, institutions and organizations that assisted refugees, it was also an identity that was built, appropriated and reshaped by women for their own benefit. We argue that gender was a constitutive element of this new identity and that, in light of the analyzed material, it was developed on the basis of at least three factors: motherhood, labor and anti-fascism.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"7 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85863553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2020.1853890
David San Narciso, R. Sánchez
ABSTRACT This article shows how women, thanks to their courtly positions, could continue exerting some political power in the time of their exclusion of formal politics resulting from the Liberal, constitutional system. Their close and intimate contact with a queen regnant as Isabel II provided them a decisive role in this tug-of-war between political pressure groups and alliances. Likewise, we employ a comparative perspective with a contemporary ruling woman as Queen Victoria, the epitome of idealized transition to a parliamentary monarchy and a specific courtly system. Among their extensive staff, our attention will focus on the two principal figures: the Camarera Mayor – equivalent to the Mistress of the Robe – and the Damas de la Reina – who held positions and had duties similar to those of the Ladies of the Bedchamber–. By studying an extensive archival and press documentation, we defend the importance of the court as an informal and alternative place of participation of these women in politics.
这篇文章展示了由于她们的宫廷地位，在自由宪政制度导致她们被排除在正式政治之外的时候，她们是如何继续行使一些政治权力的。他们与女王伊莎贝尔二世的亲密接触使他们在政治压力集团和联盟之间的拉锯战中发挥了决定性的作用。同样，我们采用了与当代统治女性维多利亚女王的比较视角，维多利亚女王是向议会君主制和特定法院制度理想化过渡的缩影。在他们众多的工作人员中，我们的注意力将集中在两个主要人物:Camarera Mayor -相当于长袍女主人-和Damas de la Reina -她们的职位和职责类似于卧房女士。通过研究大量的档案和新闻文件，我们为法院作为这些妇女参与政治的非正式和替代场所的重要性辩护。
{"title":"The influential women of Liberal monarchy. Gender and politics in the Spanish and British royal courts, c. 1830-1860","authors":"David San Narciso, R. Sánchez","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2020.1853890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2020.1853890","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article shows how women, thanks to their courtly positions, could continue exerting some political power in the time of their exclusion of formal politics resulting from the Liberal, constitutional system. Their close and intimate contact with a queen regnant as Isabel II provided them a decisive role in this tug-of-war between political pressure groups and alliances. Likewise, we employ a comparative perspective with a contemporary ruling woman as Queen Victoria, the epitome of idealized transition to a parliamentary monarchy and a specific courtly system. Among their extensive staff, our attention will focus on the two principal figures: the Camarera Mayor – equivalent to the Mistress of the Robe – and the Damas de la Reina – who held positions and had duties similar to those of the Ladies of the Bedchamber–. By studying an extensive archival and press documentation, we defend the importance of the court as an informal and alternative place of participation of these women in politics.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":"79 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74274228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-29DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2020.1851908
J. Barral
In 1911 Benigno Vega Inclan was appointed Royal Commissioner for tourism by King Alfonso XIII. His initiatives marked the development of tourism in Spain for nearly twenty years. The proposals he p...
{"title":"Between a burden and a business: Benigno Vega Inclán, tourism, exhibitions and power relations, 1911–1928","authors":"J. Barral","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2020.1851908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2020.1851908","url":null,"abstract":"In 1911 Benigno Vega Inclan was appointed Royal Commissioner for tourism by King Alfonso XIII. His initiatives marked the development of tourism in Spain for nearly twenty years. The proposals he p...","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72947631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2020.1837549
Martin Rodrigo‐Alharilla
ABSTRACT The signing of treaties between Spain and Great Britain (in 1817 and 1835) and the subsequent passing in 1845 of the Criminal Act did not serve to end slave trade, as intended. Instead the only consequence of the treaties was to make it illegal and to maintain it with the participation of a wide range of actors and a large contingent of sailors of diverse origins and nationalities, many of whom were Spanish. In this article we analyze the living circumstances of the crews of Spanish slave-trade ships between 1845 and 1867, its greatest boom period and one of the most remarkable chapters of the social history of Spanish merchant marine. This article draws on documentary sources unpublished until today.
{"title":"Spanish sailors and the illegal slave trade to Cuba, 1845-1867","authors":"Martin Rodrigo‐Alharilla","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2020.1837549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2020.1837549","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The signing of treaties between Spain and Great Britain (in 1817 and 1835) and the subsequent passing in 1845 of the Criminal Act did not serve to end slave trade, as intended. Instead the only consequence of the treaties was to make it illegal and to maintain it with the participation of a wide range of actors and a large contingent of sailors of diverse origins and nationalities, many of whom were Spanish. In this article we analyze the living circumstances of the crews of Spanish slave-trade ships between 1845 and 1867, its greatest boom period and one of the most remarkable chapters of the social history of Spanish merchant marine. This article draws on documentary sources unpublished until today.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"97 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75134253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-04DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2020.1826180
F. Naharro
ABSTRACT This article aims to examine the material aspects within the social status of the scientific journals under Franco. Working with a broad landscape of Official scientific journals from different Institutes on Applied Science of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), I intend to examine those publications, their forms, sections, illustrations, and usages and connect them with the places and institutions involved in their production, transmission, and reception. With a selective exposition of arguments, I intend to provide a clear and consistent explanation of how Official scientific publications played an active role in supporting and shaping the figure of the legitimated scientist but also the places, actors, and products that belonged to the Spanish scientific field under Franco.
{"title":"Reshaping Scientific Journals. Applied Science and its audience under Franco (1939–1966)","authors":"F. Naharro","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2020.1826180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2020.1826180","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article aims to examine the material aspects within the social status of the scientific journals under Franco. Working with a broad landscape of Official scientific journals from different Institutes on Applied Science of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), I intend to examine those publications, their forms, sections, illustrations, and usages and connect them with the places and institutions involved in their production, transmission, and reception. With a selective exposition of arguments, I intend to provide a clear and consistent explanation of how Official scientific publications played an active role in supporting and shaping the figure of the legitimated scientist but also the places, actors, and products that belonged to the Spanish scientific field under Franco.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"115 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76188982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2020.1851860
G. Quaggio
ABSTRACT After two challenging processes of democratisation, Spain and Portugal decided to celebrate their new democratic national identities through similar mega cultural events. Following the end of the Cold War, in 1992, Spain commemorated the Fifth Centenary of the first voyage of Columbus to the Americas, overlapping the event with the Seville Expo; six years later; Portugal planned a universal exhibition in Lisbon whose slogan was “The Oceans: a heritage for the future”. The shared desire to connect their current liberal democratic identity with a past of male transatlantic maritime expeditions is not accidental. This article aims to address the socio-cultural links among national representation, domestic political circumstances and international connections within the Iberian Peninsula after the long-lived European dictatorships. First, I will consider the entangled relations between the two Iberian countries and their former colonies. Second, I will disambiguate to what extent this postcolonial present helped in the construction of neo-liberal and cosmopolitan self-perceptions and identities. This was in accordance with the globalisation trends, the rhetoric of modernisation and urban regeneration within a post-industrial era. Third, I will analyse the two world's fairs in light of the process of European integration.
{"title":"A transatlantic Iberian Peninsula: exhibiting the nation through the commemoration of renaissance voyages of exploration in Spain (1992) and Portugal (1998)","authors":"G. Quaggio","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2020.1851860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2020.1851860","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT After two challenging processes of democratisation, Spain and Portugal decided to celebrate their new democratic national identities through similar mega cultural events. Following the end of the Cold War, in 1992, Spain commemorated the Fifth Centenary of the first voyage of Columbus to the Americas, overlapping the event with the Seville Expo; six years later; Portugal planned a universal exhibition in Lisbon whose slogan was “The Oceans: a heritage for the future”. The shared desire to connect their current liberal democratic identity with a past of male transatlantic maritime expeditions is not accidental. This article aims to address the socio-cultural links among national representation, domestic political circumstances and international connections within the Iberian Peninsula after the long-lived European dictatorships. First, I will consider the entangled relations between the two Iberian countries and their former colonies. Second, I will disambiguate to what extent this postcolonial present helped in the construction of neo-liberal and cosmopolitan self-perceptions and identities. This was in accordance with the globalisation trends, the rhetoric of modernisation and urban regeneration within a post-industrial era. Third, I will analyse the two world's fairs in light of the process of European integration.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"317 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80209962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2020.1851907
M. Boone
ABSTRACT Walter Benjamin (1892–1940), while working on the Arcades Project during the final years of his life, produced two extended outlines – he called them Exposés – for “Paris, the Capital of the Nineteenth Century.” The third part was titled “Grandville, or the World Exhibitions.” An important source for scholars working on world’s fairs and international exhibitions, Benjamin’s Exposés provide a place from which to explore a broad number of themes related to the development of nineteenth-century modernity and consumer capitalism, from advertising and fashion to entertainment and representation. Spectacular environments that purportedly reproduced the world, international exhibitions were fabulously popular in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They continue to be so today.
{"title":"“Ibero-American participation, world exhibitions, and the long nineteenth century: a historiographical overview”","authors":"M. Boone","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2020.1851907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2020.1851907","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Walter Benjamin (1892–1940), while working on the Arcades Project during the final years of his life, produced two extended outlines – he called them Exposés – for “Paris, the Capital of the Nineteenth Century.” The third part was titled “Grandville, or the World Exhibitions.” An important source for scholars working on world’s fairs and international exhibitions, Benjamin’s Exposés provide a place from which to explore a broad number of themes related to the development of nineteenth-century modernity and consumer capitalism, from advertising and fashion to entertainment and representation. Spectacular environments that purportedly reproduced the world, international exhibitions were fabulously popular in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They continue to be so today.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"213 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84998006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2020.1851916
G. Quaggio, Marcela Alejandra García Sebastiani
ABSTRACT The present dossier collects a series of multidisciplinary empirical essays on the entangled relationship between Spanish identity and exhibits. Since the nineteenth century Spain has been both a participant and a venue for universal exhibitions, confronting itself with an imagery dramatically divided between traditional representations and an advocated modernity. Despite being a country incapable of competing economically with other western imperial powers, the case of Spain has a particular interest because of its cultural diversity, nostalgia for a past great empire and presentation as an exotic frontier between West and East, North and South of the world. The research studies carried out here mostly focus on the international scope of exhibitions and cover different transnational phenomena, inserting different imagined communities in wider and more ambitious spaces in Europe and Latin America. Notably, some exhibitions convert into special instruments for shaping collective identities in an interconnected Hispanic world in which post-imperial Spanish national identity is a reference to link countries and continents. Ultimately, all the essays move away from the examination of exhibitions as public arenas of symbolic conflict between different identity proposals as singular places of collective memory.
{"title":"A stage for nations: Spain and Latin America on display in the twentieth century","authors":"G. Quaggio, Marcela Alejandra García Sebastiani","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2020.1851916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2020.1851916","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present dossier collects a series of multidisciplinary empirical essays on the entangled relationship between Spanish identity and exhibits. Since the nineteenth century Spain has been both a participant and a venue for universal exhibitions, confronting itself with an imagery dramatically divided between traditional representations and an advocated modernity. Despite being a country incapable of competing economically with other western imperial powers, the case of Spain has a particular interest because of its cultural diversity, nostalgia for a past great empire and presentation as an exotic frontier between West and East, North and South of the world. The research studies carried out here mostly focus on the international scope of exhibitions and cover different transnational phenomena, inserting different imagined communities in wider and more ambitious spaces in Europe and Latin America. Notably, some exhibitions convert into special instruments for shaping collective identities in an interconnected Hispanic world in which post-imperial Spanish national identity is a reference to link countries and continents. Ultimately, all the essays move away from the examination of exhibitions as public arenas of symbolic conflict between different identity proposals as singular places of collective memory.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"48 1","pages":"205 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90395081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2020.1851909
Zira Box
ABSTRACT Throughout the years immediately following the Spanish Civil War, Francoist discourse on the nation was strongly linked to the idea of virility. All the different political cultures of the dictatorship defined the Spanish nation as intrinsically shaped around values that spoke firstly of daring, strength and vigour, but also of self-discipline, restraint and control. Despite the intensity of this discourse, the narrative it presented revealed porosities and elasticities that permitted ambiguous images to filter through that challenged this language of national virility. One example was the imagery of José Gutiérrez Solana, a leading artist of the regime and assiduous participant in its art exhibitions, but one who, with his dark paintings full of beggars, death and fanaticism, presented a substantially different image of the Spanish nation. Beginning with this apparent contradiction, the intention of this article is to examine the discourse deployed around Solana in order to explore the ways in which the profile of the virile and victorious nation was renegotiated to include his work within it, and the degree to which the key to this inclusion lay in a set of reinterpretations intended to extend virility to an artist otherwise close to images of the “feminization” of Spain.
{"title":"Renegotiating the Boundaries of the Virile Nation: the España negra of José Gutiérrez Solana in the art exhibitions of postwar Spain (1940–45)","authors":"Zira Box","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2020.1851909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2020.1851909","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Throughout the years immediately following the Spanish Civil War, Francoist discourse on the nation was strongly linked to the idea of virility. All the different political cultures of the dictatorship defined the Spanish nation as intrinsically shaped around values that spoke firstly of daring, strength and vigour, but also of self-discipline, restraint and control. Despite the intensity of this discourse, the narrative it presented revealed porosities and elasticities that permitted ambiguous images to filter through that challenged this language of national virility. One example was the imagery of José Gutiérrez Solana, a leading artist of the regime and assiduous participant in its art exhibitions, but one who, with his dark paintings full of beggars, death and fanaticism, presented a substantially different image of the Spanish nation. Beginning with this apparent contradiction, the intention of this article is to examine the discourse deployed around Solana in order to explore the ways in which the profile of the virile and victorious nation was renegotiated to include his work within it, and the degree to which the key to this inclusion lay in a set of reinterpretations intended to extend virility to an artist otherwise close to images of the “feminization” of Spain.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"253 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74459692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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