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Local publishing, local knowledge, local communication: the case of La Floresta Andaluza (Seville, 1843–1844) 地方出版、地方知识、地方传播:La Floresta Andaluza (Seville, 1843-1844)的案例
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2021.1944029
C. Schwab
ABSTRACT This article investigates the multiple functions of a periodical as a format of knowledge produced by and for the educated population of a middle-sized Spanish town. Situated between media and knowledge history, the purpose of this study is twofold: First, it discusses the contents and editorial circumstances of La Floresta Andaluza. Secondly, it looks into the connections between media, knowledge, space, and social configurations by investigating the periodical as an agent of public communication that addresses (and makes up) its audience as a knowledge milieu and politically responsible group. As a consequence, the article contributes to a new understanding of media history from the periphery and explores the relationships between editorial activities, the production of knowledge, and sociopolitical transformations in nineteenth-century Spain.
本文研究了期刊作为一种知识形式的多种功能,这种知识形式是由西班牙一个中等城镇的受过教育的人口产生的。本研究介于媒体史与知识史之间,目的有二:首先,探讨《安达卢萨报》的内容与编辑情境。其次,通过研究期刊作为一种公共传播媒介,将其受众作为一个知识环境和政治责任群体来处理(并构成),研究了媒介、知识、空间和社会形态之间的联系。因此,本文有助于从外围对媒体历史进行新的理解,并探索19世纪西班牙编辑活动,知识生产和社会政治变革之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Spanish revolutionary exile in France (1934-1936) 流亡法国的西班牙革命(1934-1936)
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2021.1943802
R. Llorens
ABSTRACT The exodus provoked by the Civil War (1936–1939) is, due to its magnitude, the principal field of study on Spanish exile. Nevertheless, during the Spanish Republic in peacetime (1931–1936), different exiles took place which have not raised as much interest within the historiography. This is the case of those that had to flee Spain after being involved in the October Revolution of 1934. They were anonymous activists, the middle ranks, and also well-known leaders of the working-class movement, many of whom would play an important role during the time of the Popular Front, the Civil War and exile. In order to carry out this study, the archives of the five French départements bordering Spain, the Archives Nationales and the Archives de la Préfecture de Police in Paris were consulted. That facilitated identifying two hundred and seventy-five refugees, as well as understanding important aspects of their route towards exile, how they crossed the border, what their the journey was and the vicissitudes they experienced in French territory and what the conduct of the French authorities was.
内战(1936-1939)引发的流亡,由于其规模之大,成为西班牙流亡研究的主要领域。然而,在和平时期的西班牙共和国(1931-1936),不同的流亡发生了,并没有引起历史学的兴趣。这是1934年十月革命后逃离西班牙的人的情况。他们是不知名的活动家,中产阶级,也是工人阶级运动的知名领袖,他们中的许多人在人民阵线、内战和流亡期间发挥了重要作用。为了进行这项研究,咨询了与西班牙接壤的五个法国省的档案、国家档案馆和巴黎警察省档案。这有助于识别275名难民,以及了解他们流亡路线的重要方面,他们如何越过边界,他们的旅程是什么,他们在法国领土上经历了什么变迁以及法国当局的行为是什么。
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引用次数: 0
The Challenges for Anti-racists in Bolsonaro’s Brazil 博索纳罗领导下的巴西反种族主义者面临的挑战
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2021.1944030
D. Treece
ABSTRACT What should we make of the recent neo-racist turn in Brazil – the eruption of anti-Black and anti-Indigenous hate-speech on the part of senior government officials, including President Jair Bolsonaro, combined with institutional attacks on the multi-culturalist consensus of the last two decades? While symptomatic of Bolsonarismo’s determination to roll back the previous forty years of social justice reforms, the far Right’s recent attacks on multiculturalism and the collapse of earlier consensual models of “race” and nation have both exposed a deeper underlying continuity in the racialisation of Brazilian society, above all its class character – something the Black movement’s contemporary focus on the affirmative action agenda has failed to address. The new racism should really be understood as the Neoliberal project’s reassertion of the particular historical form of racial capitalism that Bolsonarismo was appointed to reinstate, which routinely disposes of Brazil’s Afro-descendant majority as an “edge population” straddling the frontiers between inclusion and exclusion. If there is to be any prospect of rebuilding an opposition to Neoliberalism that can speak to that Black majority, the anti-racist and anti-capitalist struggles must be integrated, and anti-racism must become a priority for the Left, not merely one among many “social justice” causes, but Brazil’s national question.
我们应该如何看待巴西最近的新种族主义转向——包括总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗(Jair Bolsonaro)在内的高级政府官员爆发的反黑人和反土著仇恨言论,以及对过去20年多元文化共识的制度性攻击?虽然这是博尔索纳主义决心推翻过去40年社会正义改革的表现,但极右翼最近对多元文化主义的攻击,以及早先达成共识的“种族”和国家模式的崩溃,都暴露了巴西社会种族化中更深层次的潜在连续性,尤其是其阶级特征——这是黑人运动当代对平权行动议程的关注未能解决的问题。新种族主义实际上应该被理解为新自由主义计划对特定历史形式的种族资本主义的重申,而博尔索纳里斯莫被任命恢复种族资本主义,这种资本主义通常将巴西的非洲裔多数视为跨越包容和排斥边界的“边缘人口”。如果有任何重建新自由主义反对派的前景,可以对黑人多数说话,反种族主义和反资本主义的斗争必须整合,反种族主义必须成为左派的优先事项,而不仅仅是许多“社会正义”事业中的一个,而是巴西的国家问题。
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引用次数: 2
Potatoes and nation-building: the case of the Spanish omelette 土豆与国家建设:以西班牙煎蛋卷为例
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2021.1939529
Maria Reyes Baztán
ABSTRACT “Cold, hot, as a snack, as a morning tapa, with onion or without, juicy or compacted (…) the Spanish omelette – with the blessing of the paella and the Iberian ham – (…) shines as our most universal dish”. Found in every bar of Spain and consumed in every household and in every region, the Spanish omelette (tortilla española or tortilla de patatas) has contributed to Spain’s nation-building since the late nineteenth century. Despite its humble origins – which initially slowed down its general praise and acceptance – nationalist elites and nation-state agents used the omelette to promote the “Spanishness” of the Spanish cuisine and to project an image of a highly diverse but united country. Yet, the role of the tortilla in the nation-building process has been largely dismissed by scholars. This article explores how nationalist ideologues have used the tortilla to foster and promote a specific conception of the “Spanish nation” and to overcome a series of obstacles that have hindered its nation-building process since the late nineteenth century. The exploration of the omelette’s uses advances visions of Spain’s nation-building process and its recent history.
摘要:“冷的,热的,作为小吃,作为早晨的小吃,加洋葱或不加洋葱,多汁或浓缩的(…)西班牙煎蛋卷,加上海鲜饭和伊比利亚火腿,(…)闪耀着我们最普遍的光芒。”西班牙煎蛋卷(tortilla española或tortilla de patatas)出现在西班牙的每个酒吧,在每个家庭和每个地区都有食用,自19世纪末以来,它为西班牙的国家建设做出了贡献。尽管它的卑微起源——最初延缓了它的普遍赞誉和接受——民族主义精英和民族国家代理人用煎蛋来推广西班牙美食的“西班牙特色”,并塑造了一个高度多元化但团结的国家的形象。然而,玉米饼在国家建设过程中的作用在很大程度上被学者们忽视了。本文探讨了民族主义理论家如何利用玉米饼来培养和促进“西班牙民族”的特定概念,并克服了自19世纪后期以来阻碍其国家建设进程的一系列障碍。对煎蛋卷的探索使用了西班牙国家建设过程和近代史的先进愿景。
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引用次数: 1
Universities in Argentina between Lanusse and Peron (1971–1973): youth, repression and dialogue 拉努塞与庇隆之间的阿根廷大学(1971-1973):青年、压制与对话
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2021.1946911
M. Mendonça
ABSTRACT The Military regime that took power in 1966, led by General Juan Carlos Onganía, aimed at restructuring the economy while putting to an end all political activities. As part of its national plan committed to anticommunism, the regime took over the national universities, which were believed to be loci of communist activities. In 1969, however, a series of popular rebellions, followed by a steady increase of urban guerrilla activities, weakened the military government. By 1970, its only option was to restore democracy and, if possible, prevent Juan Perón from winning the elections. In this context, the presidential term inaugurated by General Agustin Lanusse in 1971 signalled a shift not only in national politics, but also in university life, where the policies shifted from mere repression to an expansion of the system. This article analyses this process, stressing the importance of youth, and especially university students, in the new political scenario: as the rise of armed organizations was linked to the presence of youth, this social actor gained political momentum. Hence, the government sought to address it from several courses of action. Among them, a new university policy, which lead to a huge restructuring of the public system, stood out.
1966年,在胡安·卡洛斯将军Onganía的领导下,军事政权上台,旨在重组经济,同时结束一切政治活动。作为反共国家计划的一部分,该政权接管了被认为是共产主义活动场所的国立大学。然而,在1969年,一系列的民众叛乱,随之而来的是城市游击队活动的稳步增加,削弱了军政府。到1970年,它唯一的选择是恢复民主,如果可能的话,阻止胡安Perón赢得选举。在这种背景下,奥古斯丁·拉努塞将军于1971年就职的总统任期不仅标志着国家政治的转变,也标志着大学生活的转变,政策从单纯的镇压转变为扩大制度。本文分析了这一过程,强调了青年,特别是大学生在新的政治情境中的重要性:由于武装组织的兴起与青年的存在有关,这一社会行动者获得了政治动力。因此,政府试图通过几个行动方案来解决这个问题。其中,引人注目的是引发大规模公共系统结构调整的新大学政策。
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引用次数: 0
Samba with fascism: Ação Integralista Brasileira and its relations with the New State of Getúlio Vargas 与法西斯主义的桑巴:巴西一体化组织及其与Getúlio巴尔加斯新国家的关系
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2021.1939528
Gabriela De Lima Grecco
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to study the rise of fascism in Brazil, focusing on the most important fascist movement in Latin America: Ação Integralista Brasileira (AIB). Additionally, the article analyses the ties between the New State of Getúlio Vargas and the AIB, pointing out the complex and conflicted relations that exist between authoritarian dictatorships, on the one hand, and fascist movements on the other. The creation of the AIB situated fascist political culture in an elevated position in the Brazilian political scene. At the same time, the integralists sought to differentiate themselves from the European form of fascism. In this sense, this study also highly relevant in that it can reveal the political commonalities between European and Latin American fascist movements, as well as the importance of fascist ideology as a source of inspiration or as a political point of reference for other dictatorships or anti-liberal movements.
本文旨在研究巴西法西斯主义的兴起,重点关注拉丁美洲最重要的法西斯运动:巴西统一运动(AIB)。此外,文章还分析了Getúlio巴尔加斯的新国家与AIB之间的关系,指出专制独裁与法西斯运动之间存在着复杂而冲突的关系。AIB的成立使法西斯政治文化在巴西政治舞台上处于一个较高的位置。与此同时,整合主义者试图将自己与欧洲形式的法西斯主义区分开来。从这个意义上讲,本研究也具有高度相关性,因为它可以揭示欧洲和拉丁美洲法西斯运动之间的政治共性,以及法西斯意识形态作为其他独裁政权或反自由主义运动的灵感来源或政治参考点的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial Note 编辑注意
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2021.1904173
(2021). Editorial Note. Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies: Vol. 27, Trajectories of Republican Exiles after the Spanish Civil War, pp. 1-1.
(2021)。编辑的注意。伊比利亚和拉丁美洲研究杂志:第27卷,西班牙内战后共和派流亡者的轨迹,第1-1页。
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引用次数: 0
Spanish exiles, transnational soldiers from the French internment camps to the Free French Forces 西班牙流亡者,从法国拘留营到法国自由军的跨国士兵
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2021.1898153
Diego Gaspar Celaya
ABSTRACT Thousands of Spaniards contributed to the defence and the liberation of France as military contractors, legionnaires and soldiers between 1939 and 1945. This paper focuses on three elements of their contributions. First, it investigates the importance of French internment camps for Spanish refugees that became key recruitment grounds for soldiers and labourers. Secondly, it will analyse the importance of the military background Spanish volunteers acquired in both Spanish and French ranks. Thirdly, it will analyse the features of Free French Spanish volunteers and their fighting itineraries as transnational soldiers. Despite its importance, politicians in both France and Spain only recognised Spanish contributions to the French resistance after the Second World War. This is a fourth aspect of the entangled Franco-Spanish history of the Second World War that this article analyses. By incorporating the accounts of French Gaullists, Communists and Spanish Francoists, it demonstrates how the context of the Cold War, which reinforced these interpretations, left little room for the study and commemorative inclusion of these “outsiders”.
1939年至1945年间,成千上万的西班牙人以军事承包商、退伍军人和士兵的身份为保卫和解放法国做出了贡献。本文着重于他们贡献的三个要素。首先,它调查了法国对西班牙难民的拘留营的重要性,这些拘留营成为招募士兵和劳工的主要场所。其次,它将分析西班牙志愿者在西班牙和法国军队中获得的军事背景的重要性。第三,分析自由法国西班牙志愿军的特点及其作为跨国军人的作战路线。尽管它很重要,但法国和西班牙的政治家们在第二次世界大战后只承认西班牙对法国抵抗的贡献。这是本文分析的法西两国纠缠的第二次世界大战历史的第四个方面。通过结合法国戴高乐主义者、共产主义者和西班牙弗朗哥主义者的描述,本书展示了冷战的背景如何强化了这些解释,给这些“局外人”的研究和纪念留下了很少的空间。
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引用次数: 0
Cold war controversies in the pro-amnesty campaigns of the Spanish political prisoners (1961) and the erosion of Spanish exiles’ leadership in the anti-Francoist policies1 西班牙政治犯大赦运动中的冷战争议(1961年)和西班牙流亡者在反弗朗哥主义政策中的领导地位受到侵蚀
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2021.1898154
Olga Glondys
ABSTRACT Coinciding with a growing activity of the new opposition groups, produced in the end of the decade of the 1950s and whose main result was the meeting in 1962 in Munich, an important campaign was held in 1961 for the amnesty of the Spanish political prisoners. Behind the great history of this international protest were found, not easy to unravel or perceive at the time, rivalries and struggles for the leadership among the anti-Franco forces, as well as internal discussions about the strategic aspects of such actions. The article documents that the strategy of countering communist campaigns and propaganda activities from the radical anti-communist approach found growing rejection in progressive circles of liberal exile, generating an important controversy following a protest letter published by Republican Spanish intellectuals in The New York Times regarding pro-amnesty activities of the communists. Those internal quarrels among the liberal sectors of the opposition revealed the growing sterility of the political projects of the anticommunist exile leaders connected to the American covert cold war organisations, and gave reason to the supporters of an action of influence and political mobilization led from inside Spain and among its new opposition groups.
随着20世纪50年代末产生的新的反对团体的活动日益增加,其主要成果是1962年在慕尼黑举行的会议,1961年举行了一场重要的运动,要求大赦西班牙政治犯。在这场国际抗议的伟大历史背后,发现了反佛朗哥力量之间的竞争和领导权斗争,以及关于此类行动战略方面的内部讨论,这在当时是不容易解开或察觉的。这篇文章记录了反对共产主义运动和激进的反共宣传活动的策略,在自由派流亡人士的进步圈子中遭到了越来越多的拒绝,在西班牙共和派知识分子在《纽约时报》上发表了一封抗议共产党人支持大赦活动的抗议书后,引发了一场重大争议。反对派自由派之间的内部争吵表明,与美国秘密冷战组织有联系的反共流亡领导人的政治计划日益缺乏活力,这给了西班牙内部及其新反对派团体发起的影响行动和政治动员的支持者理由。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: trajectories of republican exiles after the Spanish Civil War 导言:西班牙内战后共和派流亡者的轨迹
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2021.1897753
Scott Ramsay, Liam Morris
ABSTRACT This is an introduction to a special issue on the experiences of Republican exiles who fled Spain during Spanish Civil War. The aim of the issue is to focus on elements of the experiences of Spaniards in exile that have received little attention in English-language scholarship. The articles within cover the experiences of women in exile in France; Spaniards who fought in the Free French Forces during the Second World War; the plight of Republican refugees in Soviet gulags; and Spanish intellectuals in exile who clashed with the Spanish Communist Party on issues relating to pro-amnesty campaigns for political prisoners in Spain.
本文是关于西班牙内战期间逃离西班牙的共和派流亡者经历的特刊导论。这期杂志的目的是关注流亡西班牙人经历中的一些因素,这些因素在英语学术研究中很少受到关注。里面的文章涵盖了法国流亡妇女的经历;在第二次世界大战期间参加自由法国军队的西班牙人;苏联古拉格集中营中共和派难民的困境;以及流亡的西班牙知识分子,他们在支持西班牙政治犯大赦运动的问题上与西班牙共产党发生冲突。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies
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