Environment, Development and Sustainability最新文献

Compact city is considered an important planning approach to alleviate carbon emissions (CE) and achieve “carbon neutrality”. However, previous studies tended to intensively investigate the relationship between unidimensional urban compactness (urban form) and household carbon emissions (HCE). In fact, compact city is not only physical compactness but also economic, population, land use and infrastructure compactness. Therefore, the article constructed a multidimensional compactness index system to comprehensively investigate the influence of compact city on HCE in 286 cities in China, using DMSP-OLS/NPP-VIIRS nightlight data and socioeconomic data from 2000 to 2015. The Geographical and Temporal Weighted Regression (GTWR) model is employed in the study to examine the localized impact of different levels of compactness on HCE. The results found: (1) Economic compactness has a promoting effect on HCE in resource-endowed cities with well developed heavy industry and abundon fossil fuels, while economic compactness inhibits HCE in cities dominated by service and high-tech industry. (2) Cities with higher population carrying capacity are more easily to reduce HCE when cities become more compact. (3) For cities with large land carrying capacity and well-built road transportation facilities, the greater the compactness of land use, the more conducive to restraining an increase of HCE. (4) With the rational layout of infrastructure construction, the more compact the infrastructure, the more conducive to restraining the increase of HCE.

With the growing attention on carbon neutrality, the transformation to low-carbon production is the most pressing global mission today. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is frequently used to develop carbon neutrality roadmaps for various industries and even entire nations, but few scholars have applied it to the iron and steel industry (IaSI). According to the International Monetary Fund, the global IaSI accounts for 7% of total CO₂ emissions, making it a key sector for emissions in manufacturing. Given the high industrial linkages of the IaSI, it’s crucial to focus on its CO₂ emission patterns. This paper investigates the EKC hypothesis in the IaSI using data from 30 countries from 1990 to 2019. The results show that the EKC hypothesis is valid in the global IaSI. The study suggests that CO₂ emissions of the IaSI will peak when the per capita real GDP reaches $17,535 (constant price in 2010). Unlike emerging economies, the IaSI in advanced economies has reached the carbon peak. The robustness of this result is verified by an appropriate U test. Our results also show that a 1% increase in crude steel production will increase the CO₂ emissions of the IaSI by 0.675%; however, expanding the proportion of using electric arc furnaces to produce crude steel can substantially reduce CO₂ emissions. Discussions on the EKC curve of IaSI reveal significant policy implications for countries striving to achieve carbon peaking and neutrality targets.

The time of carbon peak for major energy-consuming industries determines whether China can meet its carbon peak commitment. Therefore, studying the carbon emissions of major energy-consuming industries is necessary. However, few studies have translated China’s carbon peak goal into the goal of major energy-consuming industries. Using the emission factor method and the Kaya-LMDI model to account for and decompose carbon emissions from 1999 to 2020 and using scenario analysis and the Monte Carlo algorithm to predict the trend of carbon emissions from 2021 to 2030 under different scenarios, we drew vital conclusions. Reduction of energy intensity of production industries and the shift of economic structure to tertiary industry will inhibit the growth of carbon emissions from major energy-consuming industries, with average annual contributions of − 23.27% and − 36.94%, respectively. The growth of per capita industry output and total population will promote the growth of carbon emissions, with average annual contributions of 83.45% and 6.55%, respectively. Production and Supply of Electric Power and Heat has the greatest carbon reduction potential. The energy-saving scenario is most likely to achieve the carbon peak goal, with a carbon peak date of 2028 and carbon emissions from major energy-consuming industries of 13,773 Mt . This means that China will need to make more efforts. This study provides a unique research perspective on carbon peak at the industry level in China, offering new insights into resource allocation and policy preferences, and serving as a reference for other countries aiming to translate carbon peak goal from the national level to the industry level.

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Cities have been shown to exhibit empirical scaling behavior where numerous variables of urban performance are allometric, like greenhouse gas emissions. Polluting emissions have negative environmental and health impacts. This paper will elucidate the empirical urban scaling of atmospheric emissions for the Israeli urban system. It has been shown that cities may be environmentally efficient with CO₂ emissions that seem to be sub-linear, so large cities are more “green”. However, other reports suggest a super-linear relationship with respect to population size, so the large cities are less “green”. We report here for the first time the results of the nonlinear allometric power-law properties of multiple air pollutants, expanding the analysis to include electricity consumption and atmospheric emissions of CO₂, NO_x, SO₂, CO, NMVOC, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, Benzene and 1,3-Butadiene together in one study in the case of Israel. They show the recurring mathematical patterns of cities similar to those reported elsewhere. Electricity usage is super-linear. Pollutant emissions of these greenhouse gases tend to exhibit significant super-linear dynamics (β > 1), though NMVOC and Benzene were linear. These results were conserved when regressing against the urban vehicle fleet size. This evidence supports the hypothesis that large cities may be less “green”. Indeed, different urban characteristics such as geography, local climate and weather conditions, population density, may also affect the pollution levels of cities. Taken together these results give evidence to the effect of urban agglomerations on the environment.

The automotive business is growing continuously along with the global economy. One way to lessen environmental pollution in recent times is to look for clean energy to replace traditional fossil fuels as the vehicle’s power source. This is because there is a lack of environmental energy among other issues. This manuscript proposes an Energy Management Strategy of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles. The proposed hybrid technique is the joint execution of both the Giant Trevally Optimizer (GTO) and Hierarchically Gated Recurrent Neural Network (HGRNN). Hence, it is named as GTO-HGRNN technique. This proposed method’s principal objective is to reduce hydrogen use and raise battery longevity. The proposed GTO approach is used to optimize the DC/DC converter parameter and fuel consumption and the HGRNN approach is used to predict the optimal parameter of the DC/DC converter parameter. By then, the MATLAB platform has the proposed method been implemented, and the existing method is used to compute the execution. Better outcomes are shown by the proposed strategy in all existing systems like Genetic Algorithm, Global Optimisation Algorithms, and Particle Swarm Optimization. The existing method shows hydrogen consumption of 0.4%, 0.3%, and 0.2% the proposed method shows a hydrogen consumption of 0.1% which is lower than another existing system. The existing method shows the cost of 14.90$, 15.90$, and 16.90$ the proposed method shows the cost of 13.90$, which is lower than another existing system.

The pursuit of urban green innovation efficiency (UGIE) has emerged as a pivotal driver for attaining green economic growth. It is crucial to improve UGIE through the producer services agglomeration (PSA) for China. Based on the perspective of spatial correlation, we investigate the spatial spillover effect, mechanism, and nonlinear characteristics of PSA on UGIE. The results indicate that: (1) China’s UGIE exhibits an upward trend with fluctuations, with growth poles in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Yangtze River Delta, and Bohai Rim. China’s PSA initially declines, gradually increases, and then decreases. There is still room for progress in both UGIE and PSA. (2) The direct and spatial spillover effects of PSA on UGIE exhibit a U-shaped pattern, initially inhibiting and then promoting. However, the spatial spillover effects are only observed within a geographical range of 350 km. Cities in the eastern region or with advanced high-end producer services have lower inflection points. (3) PSA can enhance UGIE in local cities by facilitating knowledge spillover and optimizing labor allocation, while also impacting UGIE in neighboring cities through improved capital allocation. (4) Under varying levels of industrial agglomeration and marketization, the nonlinear impact of PSA on UGIE exhibits a single threshold effect and a double threshold effect, respectively. When the threshold value of PSA reaches 0.548 and the threshold values of marketization reach 8.269 and 11.373, the impact of PSA on UGIE gradually transitions from inhibition to promotion. This study provides insights for rationalizing the layout of urban producer services to enhance green innovation.

Biodiversity offsets are used worldwide to provide environmental compensation for the impacts of development and to meet the goals of sustainable development. Australia has embraced the use of offsets and its offset methodologies have been used as models by other jurisdictions. However, the maturity of offset requirements in Australia is unknown. To understand this, development referrals submitted under the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth) between October 2011 and September 2017 were reviewed to determine if offset requirements in Australia were improving in complexity, transparency and/or environmental outcomes (termed maturity) over time. Despite the implementation of dedicated policy in Australia in 2012, our analysis showed that offset requirements were not on a trajectory towards improvement (maturity) over the 6-year period examined. There was no evidence to suggest the type of offsets required and compensation for impacts to specific species and habitats increased in complexity over time. The level of detail included for offset requirements, mandatory commencement dates and requirements for ecological outcomes similarly did not increase over time. Consequently, dedicated legislation for offsets is recommended to remedy these omissions and enable effective functionality for biodiversity offsets through the protection of the environment and conservation of biodiversity, ecosystem function and ecosystem services.

The business ecosystem theory has developed rapidly in recent years and has become a hot topic in the field of business and management. However, the use of this concept is controversial. This study systematically reviewed literature published spanning nearly three decades from 1993 to 2022. In this paper, researchers designed an improved traceability method to retrieve literature based on data sources form Web of Science. VOSviewer and CiteSpace are adopted as two scientific atlas tools for information processing and visualization to evaluate the relationship between sub fields of business ecosystem. The findings show that the four branches of business ecosystem, i.e., innovation, platform, entrepreneurship and service, absorb theoretical ideas to varying degrees. Among them, the theoretical inheritance relationship of innovation branch is most clear, and gradually grows into the backbone of ecosystem research. Major contribution of this study is reflected in three aspects: Firstly, the improved traceability method provides a repeatable quantitative description process on the basis of significantly reducing researchers’ subjective participation. Secondly, from perspective of bibliometrics, the branch direction and key nodes of theory development are identified. Thirdly, the study helps identify the future development directions of business ecosystem, including innovation, digitalization, entrepreneurship, self-organization and the strategic transformation guided by emerging technologies.

Utilizing the implementation of the Carbon Emission Trading Scheme (CETS) as an external change, we employ a difference-in-difference model to examine its impact and mechanisms on corporate green mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Our study uses a sample of A-share listed companies in the industrial sector from 2007 to 2020. Empirical findings indicate that the CETS significantly promotes corporate green M&A. Further analysis suggests that the CETS promotes corporate green M&A by alleviating financing constraints and increasing media attention. This effect is particularly pronounced in regions with lower marketization degrees, within manufacturing industries, and among non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs). Additionally, the CETS primarily promotes corporate mixed green M&As. Notably, the green M&A supported by CETS is larger in scale and leads to improvements in both green innovation performance and overall financial performance post-implementation. This evidence underscores the dual benefits of CETS-induced green M&A, providing both environmental and economic advantages.

The unrelenting surge in global warming in the current era requires the inevitable needs for international cooperation to mitigate the escalating carbon emissions. While theoretical researches have examined potential frameworks as to an international environmental agreement (IEA) to mitigate global warming problem, none considered the impact of asymmetric technology difference on the optimal allowance trading scheme when forming a stable IEA. By using the method of participation game theory and numerical simulations, this paper envisages a set of countries with asymmetric abatement technology in a noncooperative participation game to study the various impacts of the magnitude of technology difference among countries, the scope of the “allowances to emit” trading, the decision orders and the number of total countries on the optimal trading scheme under the stability of IEA. It characterizes three trading scenarios in a participation game and analyzes in detail that the magnitude of technology difference and the coverage of trading system have impacts on the optimal coalition size as well as the feature of coalition member. The quantitative findings show that if the technology gap is sufficiently small/large, the largest/smallest abatement achieves under a worldwide trading system instead of a trading system within the IEA members. From the perspective of social welfare, the upshot of optimal IEA size as well as trading scheme is provided upon the magnitude of technology difference. In sum, a comprehensive global environmental convention with a worldwide “allowances to emit” trading system is overarching and optimal for the global society. These findings drive towards some key policy implications that establish a sound trading scheme allowing fair participation for all countries and encourage innovation activities in abatement technologies and so on.