Audio Description (AD) is a modality of audiovisual translation that consists of making cultural products accessible to people who are blind or partially-sighted. Our study focuses on the contrastive analysis of the AD of four films in English and Spanish, our objective being to determine how the same visual cultural reference is described in two languages and for two target cultures. Using a descriptive methodology, we categorise and analyse cultural references following Diaz Cintas and Remael’s (2007) classification and determine the translation strategies used. Our research shows that the decisions that the describer makes are conditioned by the distance, not only geographical but above all cultural, that exists between the audience and the culture that is reflected in the film. The describer becomes a mediator between cultures; that is why the greater the cultural distance, the higher their presence and involvement
{"title":"The audio describer as a cultural mediator","authors":"Raquel Sanz-Moreno","doi":"10.1075/RESLA.00006.SAN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/RESLA.00006.SAN","url":null,"abstract":"Audio Description (AD) is a modality of audiovisual translation that consists of making cultural products accessible to people who are blind or partially-sighted. Our study focuses on the contrastive analysis of the AD of four films in English and Spanish, our objective being to determine how the same visual cultural reference is described in two languages and for two target cultures. Using a descriptive methodology, we categorise and analyse cultural references following Diaz Cintas and Remael’s (2007) classification and determine the translation strategies used. Our research shows that the decisions that the describer makes are conditioned by the distance, not only geographical but above all cultural, that exists between the audience and the culture that is reflected in the film. The describer becomes a mediator between cultures; that is why the greater the cultural distance, the higher their presence and involvement","PeriodicalId":54145,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola De Linguistica Aplicada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79809816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ostermann, C. (2015). Cognitive Lexicography: a new approach to lexicography making use of cognitive semantics","authors":"Silvia Cacchiani","doi":"10.1075/RESLA.00011.CAC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/RESLA.00011.CAC","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54145,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola De Linguistica Aplicada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90075305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyzes the content of Spanish university websites and the processes involved in translating them, with the aim of identifying the challenges internationalisation poses for these institutions and the technical, organisational, and translation-related solutions that have been adopted for managing their multilingual content, particularly in the case of universities in autonomous communities with two official languages. It examines the communicative situation of the multilingual university website (MUW) genre by applying textual genre analysis, with special emphasis on translation and localisation processes. The empirical study of the macrostructures, multilingual content, and strategies used by each university to translate its website is articulated through the notion of a genre ecology, as a complex conglomerate of genres based on distributed cognition and shared authorship. The analysis shows that the processes involved in creating multilingual content require adopting comprehensive translation and localisation strategies, establishing sole decision-makers for translation management and quality control, and providing the necessary resources to ensure the multifunctionality, dynamicity, interactivity, and adaptability we have identified in monolingual university websites. Finally, we offer suggestions for improving the creation, management and control of multilingual content, and define the profiles of the specialized translators required for this type of institutional website
{"title":"The multilingual university website (MUW) genre ecology: Content analysis and translation processes","authors":"Pilar Ezpeleta-Piorno, Anabel Borja Albi","doi":"10.1075/RESLA.00010.EZP","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/RESLA.00010.EZP","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the content of Spanish university websites and the processes involved in translating them, with the aim of identifying the challenges internationalisation poses for these institutions and the technical, organisational, and translation-related solutions that have been adopted for managing their multilingual content, particularly in the case of universities in autonomous communities with two official languages. It examines the communicative situation of the multilingual university website (MUW) genre by applying textual genre analysis, with special emphasis on translation and localisation processes. The empirical study of the macrostructures, multilingual content, and strategies used by each university to translate its website is articulated through the notion of a genre ecology, as a complex conglomerate of genres based on distributed cognition and shared authorship. The analysis shows that the processes involved in creating multilingual content require adopting comprehensive translation and localisation strategies, establishing sole decision-makers for translation management and quality control, and providing the necessary resources to ensure the multifunctionality, dynamicity, interactivity, and adaptability we have identified in monolingual university websites. Finally, we offer suggestions for improving the creation, management and control of multilingual content, and define the profiles of the specialized translators required for this type of institutional website","PeriodicalId":54145,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola De Linguistica Aplicada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89544257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of our study is to examine the legal and administrative English used in the informational pamphlet the Spanish Ministry for Home Affairs created to explain Law 12/2009 to international protection applicants. To do so, a linguistic revision of the translated pamphlet was carried out in order to identify the linguistic and discursive elements which make comprehension difficult. Then, using translation techniques developed by Molina and Hurtado Albir (2002) , an intralinguistic translation was proposed with the goal of rewriting the text in easily-understandable English. Additionally, errors were classified and corrected in accordance with Toledo Baez’s ( 2010 , 2015 ) analytical assessment scale and the pamphlet’s design was updated. Lastly, the readability of both the original and simplified translations was evaluated using the Flesch Reading Ease Formula
{"title":"Informational pamphlets for asylum seekers in English: A proposal for simplification in translation based on the Plain Language Movement","authors":"C. Báez, Claire Conrad","doi":"10.1075/RESLA.00007.TOL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/RESLA.00007.TOL","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our study is to examine the legal and administrative English used in the informational pamphlet the Spanish Ministry for Home Affairs created to explain Law 12/2009 to international protection applicants. To do so, a linguistic revision of the translated pamphlet was carried out in order to identify the linguistic and discursive elements which make comprehension difficult. Then, using translation techniques developed by Molina and Hurtado Albir (2002) , an intralinguistic translation was proposed with the goal of rewriting the text in easily-understandable English. Additionally, errors were classified and corrected in accordance with Toledo Baez’s ( 2010 , 2015 ) analytical assessment scale and the pamphlet’s design was updated. Lastly, the readability of both the original and simplified translations was evaluated using the Flesch Reading Ease Formula","PeriodicalId":54145,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola De Linguistica Aplicada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76992622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The question concerning the visibility of the translator has been widely discussed in translation studies from different ideological positions, especially during the so-called post-structuralism period. Unlike other types of translation such as audiovisual or literary translation, in the case of specialized translation the translator’s name rarely appears, as demonstrated in previous research, in which, from an ambidirectional corpus in Catalan of environmental texts, in only 16% of cases was the translator’s name made explicit ( Bracho, 2004 , p. 318). In the present article, therefore, we study a current sample with similar features to that of the original corpus, with the aim of analyzing its profile and determining the behaviour, in this sense, more than a decade after our previous conclusions.
关于译者可见性的问题在翻译研究中从不同的意识形态立场得到了广泛的讨论，特别是在后结构主义时期。与其他类型的翻译(如视听或文学翻译)不同，在专业翻译的情况下，译者的名字很少出现，正如之前的研究所表明的那样，在加泰罗尼亚语环境文本的双向语料库中，只有16%的情况下译者的名字是明确的(Bracho, 2004, p. 318)。因此，在本文中，我们研究了一个具有与原始语料库相似特征的当前样本，目的是分析其概况并确定其行为，从这个意义上说，在我们之前的结论之后十多年。
{"title":"The invisibility of the translator in environmental translation","authors":"Llum Bracho Lapiedra, Penny Macdonald","doi":"10.1075/RESLA.00002.BRA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/RESLA.00002.BRA","url":null,"abstract":"The question concerning the visibility of the translator has been widely discussed in translation studies from different ideological positions, especially during the so-called post-structuralism period. Unlike other types of translation such as audiovisual or literary translation, in the case of specialized translation the translator’s name rarely appears, as demonstrated in previous research, in which, from an ambidirectional corpus in Catalan of environmental texts, in only 16% of cases was the translator’s name made explicit ( Bracho, 2004 , p. 318). In the present article, therefore, we study a current sample with similar features to that of the original corpus, with the aim of analyzing its profile and determining the behaviour, in this sense, more than a decade after our previous conclusions.","PeriodicalId":54145,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola De Linguistica Aplicada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80426154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A genre can be defined as a conventionalized text form that has a specific function. Nevertheless, the complexity and uses given to texts have contributed to create new relations between genres, resulting in what we call hybrid texts. The traditional categorization that is commonly perceived as independent sections has to be analyzed and treated in a different way. In this study, we abandon this idea to show the importance of hybrid texts or genres and how these relations can determine the tasks and strategies followed by professional translators. In this case, we will focus on medical-legal texts, financial-legal texts and also other texts combining these three disciplines
{"title":"Hybrid texts and their influence on the work carried out by specialized translators","authors":"José Sergio Pajares Nievas, E. Peñalver","doi":"10.1075/RESLA.00005.PAJ","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/RESLA.00005.PAJ","url":null,"abstract":"A genre can be defined as a conventionalized text form that has a specific function. Nevertheless, the complexity and uses given to texts have contributed to create new relations between genres, resulting in what we call hybrid texts. The traditional categorization that is commonly perceived as independent sections has to be analyzed and treated in a different way. In this study, we abandon this idea to show the importance of hybrid texts or genres and how these relations can determine the tasks and strategies followed by professional translators. In this case, we will focus on medical-legal texts, financial-legal texts and also other texts combining these three disciplines","PeriodicalId":54145,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola De Linguistica Aplicada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85552808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present work carries out a contrastive study of interpersonal devices between two corpora of legal opinion in English and Spanish, with a view to assessing the different use that is made in these languages of the indicators of emotion, evaluation and appreciation as to the ideational context of these texts. The antecedents of the present study are found in the Appraisal theory, which constitutes the interpretation of Halliday’s (1994/2004) Systemic-Functional Linguistics by the Sydney School. Through the analysis of an ad-hoc corpus of forty opinion columns from two prestigious and influential newspapers, El Pais and The New York Times, aims to understand how the use of the different evaluation resources advocated by Appraisal theory (Affect, Judgment and Appreciation) varies depending on the way legal opinion articles as genres are conceived in the languages and cultures under scrutiny. In other words, it tries to deepen into the different application of the prototypical rhetorical strategies used to express emotion and evaluation, through which the different ideological positions of the institutionalized press are naturalized
{"title":"The expression of emotion in institutionalized legal opinion: a contrastive spanish-english pre-translational study","authors":"María Angeles Orts Llopis","doi":"10.1075/RESLA.00009.ORT","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/RESLA.00009.ORT","url":null,"abstract":"The present work carries out a contrastive study of interpersonal devices between two corpora of legal opinion in English and Spanish, with a view to assessing the different use that is made in these languages of the indicators of emotion, evaluation and appreciation as to the ideational context of these texts. The antecedents of the present study are found in the Appraisal theory, which constitutes the interpretation of Halliday’s (1994/2004) Systemic-Functional Linguistics by the Sydney School. Through the analysis of an ad-hoc corpus of forty opinion columns from two prestigious and influential newspapers, El Pais and The New York Times, aims to understand how the use of the different evaluation resources advocated by Appraisal theory (Affect, Judgment and Appreciation) varies depending on the way legal opinion articles as genres are conceived in the languages and cultures under scrutiny. In other words, it tries to deepen into the different application of the prototypical rhetorical strategies used to express emotion and evaluation, through which the different ideological positions of the institutionalized press are naturalized","PeriodicalId":54145,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola De Linguistica Aplicada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88946116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recent changes in the legislation on sworn translators and interpreters in Spain (Royal Decree 2002/2009, Order AEC/2125/2014) have brought about some modifications in the requisites and the access tests for this professional figure. Following the Resolution of 19 January 2015, new tests were conducted in 2015 in order to qualify translators and interpreters. This paper aims to analyze the new format of examination and the statistics of success of the candidates, with special focus on the German language. The current process shall also be compared to the now extinct academic process of qualification of sworn translators and interpreters in the framework of official translation degrees in Spain, in order to ascertain the most appropriate qualification method
{"title":"Analysis of the new examination process and German tests for sworn translators in Spain","authors":"María Pilar Castillo Bernal","doi":"10.1075/RESLA.00004.CAS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/RESLA.00004.CAS","url":null,"abstract":"The recent changes in the legislation on sworn translators and interpreters in Spain (Royal Decree 2002/2009, Order AEC/2125/2014) have brought about some modifications in the requisites and the access tests for this professional figure. Following the Resolution of 19 January 2015, new tests were conducted in 2015 in order to qualify translators and interpreters. This paper aims to analyze the new format of examination and the statistics of success of the candidates, with special focus on the German language. The current process shall also be compared to the now extinct academic process of qualification of sworn translators and interpreters in the framework of official translation degrees in Spain, in order to ascertain the most appropriate qualification method","PeriodicalId":54145,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola De Linguistica Aplicada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84175109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-12DOI: 10.1075/RESLA.29.1.02ESC
Marciano Escutia López
This study looks at both the knowledge and use of the Spanish pronoun se mainly with unaccusative predicates in the interlanguage of an adult English speaker learning Spanish as a Second Language (L2) in a native, non-institutional setting. Data recorded from the learner’s production along with other similar data were presented to him as a written acceptability judgment task. A comparison was made with the outcome of the task in order to have a more comprehensive view of his linguistic competence. The results seem to confirm those of previous studies in that the learner overgeneralizes the use of the clitic se. They also suggest that the development of L2 knowledge may involve a process of construction resulting in structures not present either in the native language (L1) or the L2, which show in certain fossilized errors. It is argued that these structures originate in the interaction of Universal Grammar principles and both L1 and L2 influence.
{"title":"L2 Spanish preverbal ‘se’ in analysis and production data","authors":"Marciano Escutia López","doi":"10.1075/RESLA.29.1.02ESC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/RESLA.29.1.02ESC","url":null,"abstract":"This study looks at both the knowledge and use of the Spanish pronoun se mainly with unaccusative predicates in the interlanguage of an adult English speaker learning Spanish as a Second Language (L2) in a native, non-institutional setting. Data recorded from the learner’s production along with other similar data were presented to him as a written acceptability judgment task. A comparison was made with the outcome of the task in order to have a more comprehensive view of his linguistic competence. The results seem to confirm those of previous studies in that the learner overgeneralizes the use of the clitic se. They also suggest that the development of L2 knowledge may involve a process of construction resulting in structures not present either in the native language (L1) or the L2, which show in certain fossilized errors. It is argued that these structures originate in the interaction of Universal Grammar principles and both L1 and L2 influence.","PeriodicalId":54145,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola De Linguistica Aplicada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73426174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1075/RESLA.29.2.11DEK
Sabine De Knop
{"title":"Keck, C., & Kim, Y. (2014). Pedagogical grammar .","authors":"Sabine De Knop","doi":"10.1075/RESLA.29.2.11DEK","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/RESLA.29.2.11DEK","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54145,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola De Linguistica Aplicada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90976782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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