Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.24818/cts/3/2021/1.04
Nica Ana-Maria, Lăceanu Adina Irina
The MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Congresses, Exhibitions) market has recently experienced a rapid growth, as actors at both acroeconomic and microeconomic levels recognized the great potential of this kind of tourism income generator. The events have also become elements that helped shape a tourism destination image or brand, through organized systems such as the portfolio model. However, the Covid pandemic, with its subsequent limitations and economic crisis, has severely impacted the events industry. No events, at any scale, were allowed to be organized, thus resulting in losses of billions of euros worldwide. With the economies slowly reopening, due to the partial lifting of Covid-related limitations, there seems to be room for the revival of tourism destinations. The analysis of previous studies has revealed a scientific gap, related to the possibility of reviving an urban destination through a large scale event. Therefore, the aim of the present scientific paper is to fill this gap, by looking into the perception of potential tourism demand on this subject. It also investigated the specifics of such an event, with a focus on the Romanian city of Sibiu. To this end a survey was conducted in the beginning of the year 2021, and its main results are presented in this article.
{"title":"THE ORGANIZATION OF EVENTS: A POSSIBILITY OF TOURISM REVIVAL AFTER COVID? THE CASE OF SIBIU","authors":"Nica Ana-Maria, Lăceanu Adina Irina","doi":"10.24818/cts/3/2021/1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24818/cts/3/2021/1.04","url":null,"abstract":"The MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Congresses, Exhibitions) market has recently experienced a rapid growth, as actors at both acroeconomic and microeconomic levels recognized the great potential of this kind of tourism income generator. The events have also become elements that helped shape a tourism destination image or brand, through organized systems such as the portfolio model. However, the Covid pandemic, with its subsequent limitations and economic crisis, has severely impacted the events industry. No events, at any scale, were allowed to be organized, thus resulting in losses of billions of euros worldwide. With the economies slowly reopening, due to the partial lifting of Covid-related limitations, there seems to be room for the revival of tourism destinations. The analysis of previous studies has revealed a scientific gap, related to the possibility of reviving an urban destination through a large scale event. Therefore, the aim of the present scientific paper is to fill this gap, by looking into the perception of potential tourism demand on this subject. It also investigated the specifics of such an event, with a focus on the Romanian city of Sibiu. To this end a survey was conducted in the beginning of the year 2021, and its main results are presented in this article.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78371879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.24818/cts/3/2021/1.03
Bassam Tarhini, Layal Hafiz
COVID-19 has changed many aspects of human lives. Life was paused for a while and humanity has been exposed to many threats unprepared at most levels. Several studies were conducted to understand human behavior amid crises and their behavior during COVID-19. Panic and spiritual buying dominates the buying behavior. This research investigates the emerged trends to the retail industry amid COVID-19. Several hypotheses were tested to understand the cause and effect relationship between the brick-and-mortar and online shopping. In order to reach a realistic result a quantitative research was conducted and a non-probability convenience sampling method was used where 191 respondents answered the survey questions on a 5 point Likert and nominal scales. It was found that consumer behavior is common across different countries amid COVID-19 with slight variation related to online shopping due to lack of trust with online sources. It was noticed that Lebanese post the pandemic became less price sensitive towards health products as they seek quality and willing to pay more to get it.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE RETAILING INDUSTRY OF LEBANON","authors":"Bassam Tarhini, Layal Hafiz","doi":"10.24818/cts/3/2021/1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24818/cts/3/2021/1.03","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has changed many aspects of human lives. Life was paused for a while and humanity has been exposed to many threats unprepared at most levels. Several studies were conducted to understand human behavior amid crises and their behavior during COVID-19. Panic and spiritual buying dominates the buying behavior. \u0000This research investigates the emerged trends to the retail industry amid COVID-19. Several hypotheses were tested to understand the cause and effect relationship between the brick-and-mortar and online shopping. In order to reach a realistic result a quantitative research was conducted and a non-probability convenience sampling method was used where 191 respondents answered the survey questions on a 5 point Likert and nominal scales. \u0000It was found that consumer behavior is common across different countries amid COVID-19 with slight variation related to online shopping due to lack of trust with online sources. It was noticed that Lebanese post the pandemic became less price sensitive towards health products as they seek quality and willing to pay more to get it.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88992686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.24818/cts/3/2021/1.07
N. Puiu, Tănase Mihail – Ovidiu
During the last 30 years we have witnessed major changes in tourism worldwide due to a lot of factors. Changes in political situation in Eastern Europe open a lot of countries to international tourism. Changes in air transport made more accessible some overseas or island destination. The increase of general welfare boosted the demand for tourism and the stability of the socio-political environment sustains a steady upward trend in international tourism arrivals. Looking back at Romania’s tourism we see a period with major structural changes and some major turning points. A brief evolution of the sector is presented with an emphasis on the most important years. The most important regulations are presented in this paper together with their impact on Romania’s tourism sector. To show a more accurate image we include main statistical information about this topic demonstrating that tourism is an important part of Romanian economy.
{"title":"A RETROSPECTIVE LOOK AT THE EVOLUTION OF ROMANIAN TOURISM, AT THE BORDER BETWEEN THE MILLENNIA (1989-2019)","authors":"N. Puiu, Tănase Mihail – Ovidiu","doi":"10.24818/cts/3/2021/1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24818/cts/3/2021/1.07","url":null,"abstract":"During the last 30 years we have witnessed major changes in tourism worldwide due to a lot of factors. Changes in political situation in Eastern Europe open a lot of countries to international tourism. Changes in air transport made more accessible some overseas or island destination. The increase of general welfare boosted the demand \u0000for tourism and the stability of the socio-political environment sustains a steady upward trend in international tourism arrivals. Looking back at Romania’s tourism we see a period with major structural changes and some major turning points. A brief evolution of the sector is presented with an emphasis on the most important years. \u0000The most important regulations are presented in this paper together with their impact on Romania’s tourism sector. To show a more accurate image we include main statistical information about this topic demonstrating that tourism is an important part of Romanian economy.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91361683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amokrane Mahdeb, Nawel Adjeroud-Abdellatif, A. Mazari, L. Portillo, Kamelia Ait Abdelouhab, Dounia Ait Maamer, Khodir Madani
Much attention has been paid to cacti for their distinctive characteristics. The nopal Opuntia ficus-indica and related species are found in arid and semi-arid regions around the world. O. ficus-indica shows considerable variability in response to environmental conditions through variation of areola and spine attributes, among other traits. Therefore, the present study sought to morphologically identify some cactus pear plants in two areas of Algeria (Bejaia and Souk-Ahras) in order to evaluate the cactus pears by optimizing the extraction conditions of the phenolic compounds of the cladode, to evaluate the antioxidant activity of these compounds, to measure the total flavonoid content, and to compare the yields among three Opuntia spp. (O. ficus-indica, O. megacantha and O. amyclae) from the sites within the study regions. These three Opuntia spp. were subjected to extraction of polyphenols using a conventional method, and an ecofriendly process using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique. Once the extractions was completed, the total phenolic content and flavonoids of the extracts were characterized. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of the total phenolic compounds (TPC) was determined. The UAE was better than conventional extraction for the recovery of TPC. The use of a solvent mixture (50% water/ethanol, v/v) improved the TPC extraction efficiency. These results show that UAE was a useful tool for the extraction of phytochemicals from cactus pear cladodes. Other factors and conditions that influence the optimization of TPC extraction should also be studied, such as pH, ultrasound frequency as well as ecological factors that could possibly influence extraction efficiency.
仙人掌因其独特的特性而备受关注。在世界各地的干旱和半干旱地区，都发现了无公害的榕树(Opuntia ficus-indica)及其相关种。榕树在对环境条件的反应中表现出相当大的变异性，通过改变乳晕和脊柱属性，以及其他特征。因此，本研究试图对阿尔及利亚两个地区(Bejaia和Souk-Ahras)的一些仙人掌梨植物进行形态学鉴定，通过优化枝状花序中酚类化合物的提取条件，评价这些化合物的抗氧化活性，测定总黄酮含量，并比较3种仙人掌属植物(O. ficus-indica, O. megacantha和O. amyclae)在研究区域内的产量。分别采用常规提取法和超声辅助提取法对三种食材进行了多酚提取。提取完成后，对提取物的总酚含量和总黄酮进行了表征。此外，测定了总酚类化合物(TPC)的抗氧化能力。UAE法对TPC的回收效果优于常规提取法。采用50%水/乙醇(v/v)的混合溶剂提高了TPC的提取效率。这些结果表明，UAE是提取仙人掌、梨枝中植物化学物质的有效工具。还需要研究影响TPC提取优化的其他因素和条件，如pH、超声频率以及可能影响提取效率的生态因素。
{"title":"Identification of some Opuntia spp. from two Algerian regions and ultrasound-assisted extraction of their phenolic compounds","authors":"Amokrane Mahdeb, Nawel Adjeroud-Abdellatif, A. Mazari, L. Portillo, Kamelia Ait Abdelouhab, Dounia Ait Maamer, Khodir Madani","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v23i.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v23i.320","url":null,"abstract":"Much attention has been paid to cacti for their distinctive characteristics. The nopal Opuntia ficus-indica and related species are found in arid and semi-arid regions around the world. O. ficus-indica shows considerable variability in response to environmental conditions through variation of areola and spine attributes, among other traits. Therefore, the present study sought to morphologically identify some cactus pear plants in two areas of Algeria (Bejaia and Souk-Ahras) in order to evaluate the cactus pears by optimizing the extraction conditions of the phenolic compounds of the cladode, to evaluate the antioxidant activity of these compounds, to measure the total flavonoid content, and to compare the yields among three Opuntia spp. (O. ficus-indica, O. megacantha and O. amyclae) from the sites within the study regions. These three Opuntia spp. were subjected to extraction of polyphenols using a conventional method, and an ecofriendly process using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique. Once the extractions was completed, the total phenolic content and flavonoids of the extracts were characterized. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of the total phenolic compounds (TPC) was determined. The UAE was better than conventional extraction for the recovery of TPC. The use of a solvent mixture (50% water/ethanol, v/v) improved the TPC extraction efficiency. These results show that UAE was a useful tool for the extraction of phytochemicals from cactus pear cladodes. Other factors and conditions that influence the optimization of TPC extraction should also be studied, such as pH, ultrasound frequency as well as ecological factors that could possibly influence extraction efficiency.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42170749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Opuntia ficus-indica is a cactus distributed in more than 30 countries in the word, it is affected by the presence of hemipteran, of which the superfamily Coccoidea stand out, sessile insect, with a hard cover (armored scales) or without it (soft scales). There are other species of coccoids known as armed scales in the country, which are little studied, since they are usually secondary pests in crops. Therefore, the objective of this work is to present the first record of a species of armed scale on O. ficus-indica in Mexico. For this, cladodes of O. ficus-indica were collected and placed in tricot-nylon bags for review in the laboratory, a photographic record was made, sampling adult scales and fixed in 70% ethanol. The specimens were processed with the Hamon and Kosztarab technique and were determined; obtaining an identification of Hemiberlesia cyanophylli (Signoret) that can occupy up to 86% of the cladode surface.
{"title":"First record of Hemiberlesia cyanophylli (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) on Opuntia ficus-indica in México","authors":"C. Lázaro-Castellanos, J. M. Vanegas-Rico","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v23i.369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v23i.369","url":null,"abstract":"Opuntia ficus-indica is a cactus distributed in more than 30 countries in the word, it is affected by the presence of hemipteran, of which the superfamily Coccoidea stand out, sessile insect, with a hard cover (armored scales) or without it (soft scales). There are other species of coccoids known as armed scales in the country, which are little studied, since they are usually secondary pests in crops. Therefore, the objective of this work is to present the first record of a species of armed scale on O. ficus-indica in Mexico. For this, cladodes of O. ficus-indica were collected and placed in tricot-nylon bags for review in the laboratory, a photographic record was made, sampling adult scales and fixed in 70% ethanol. The specimens were processed with the Hamon and Kosztarab technique and were determined; obtaining an identification of Hemiberlesia cyanophylli (Signoret) that can occupy up to 86% of the cladode surface.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47505362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Activated charcoal is often used in plant tissue culture systems to reduce phenolic oxidation and improve cell growth and development. This study investigated activated charcoal's effect on the somatic embryogenesis of dragon fruit (Hylocereus species). Nine-month-old seed-derived dragon fruit stems wereplaced in basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) plates supplemented with 2, 4-D (1.5 mg/l) and activated charcoal (1g/l). Cultures were incubated in 14 h continuous light or under dark condition. MS medium without activated charcoal served as the control. Percent fungal contamination, degree of tissue browning, and callus growth (length, width, and total area) were assessed. A significant decrease in contamination was observed four days after inoculation (dai) in a medium containing activated charcoal regardless of the light condition used (p<0.05, T-test analysis). In contrast, no significant difference in fungal contamination between the two treatments was found eight days after incubation (dai). Fungal contaminants’ identities were done using a combined morphocultural and molecular analyses. The fungal isolates showed thick and white to grayish mycelia without spore production seven dai in potato dextrose agar medium. DNA sequence analysis showed a high percent similarity of the isolates to two Diaporthe species. Activated charcoal did not affect the length, width, and total area of the calli produced. However, a significant decrease in tissue browning was recorded (p<0.05). Overall results demonstrated the applicability of activated charcoal in dragon fruit tissue culture to reduce in-vitrobrowning. Additionally, examining further the possible role of fungal contaminants in dragon fruits would be valuable. A hedonic scale that can be used to assess tissue browning in dragon fruit is also described.
{"title":"Dragon fruit calli development and fungal contamination as influenced by activated charcoal","authors":"M. A. Cruz, Mark Angelo Balendres","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v23i.375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v23i.375","url":null,"abstract":"Activated charcoal is often used in plant tissue culture systems to reduce phenolic oxidation and improve cell growth and development. This study investigated activated charcoal's effect on the somatic embryogenesis of dragon fruit (Hylocereus species). Nine-month-old seed-derived dragon fruit stems wereplaced in basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) plates supplemented with 2, 4-D (1.5 mg/l) and activated charcoal (1g/l). Cultures were incubated in 14 h continuous light or under dark condition. MS medium without activated charcoal served as the control. Percent fungal contamination, degree of tissue browning, and callus growth (length, width, and total area) were assessed. A significant decrease in contamination was observed four days after inoculation (dai) in a medium containing activated charcoal regardless of the light condition used (p<0.05, T-test analysis). In contrast, no significant difference in fungal contamination between the two treatments was found eight days after incubation (dai). Fungal contaminants’ identities were done using a combined morphocultural and molecular analyses. The fungal isolates showed thick and white to grayish mycelia without spore production seven dai in potato dextrose agar medium. DNA sequence analysis showed a high percent similarity of the isolates to two Diaporthe species. Activated charcoal did not affect the length, width, and total area of the calli produced. However, a significant decrease in tissue browning was recorded (p<0.05). Overall results demonstrated the applicability of activated charcoal in dragon fruit tissue culture to reduce in-vitrobrowning. Additionally, examining further the possible role of fungal contaminants in dragon fruits would be valuable. A hedonic scale that can be used to assess tissue browning in dragon fruit is also described.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46017127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prisma Espinal-Hernández, M. T. Colinas-León, M. C. Ybarra-Moncada, Sergio M. Méndez-Zúñiga, J. Corrales-García
Pitaya (Stenocereus griseus H.) is an exotic fruit produced in some regions of Mexico, where it is mainly consumed fresh and valued in local markets. Its pulp has an intense red color, sweet flavor, small and easily chewable seeds, and compounds with antioxidant capacity, such as betalains and phenolics, which confer the fruit an important nutraceutical value. Therefore, in selected markets, the price of pitaya is considered high. However, pitaya has big spines that cause consumer rejection, due to the possibility of puncture. The spines also make it difficult to handle pitaya and cause mechanical damages. These circumstances make it indispensable to remove the spines from the fruit, but collaterally, the shelf-life is decreased, and consequently, its commercialization in distant markets is more difficult. It has been reported that postharvest treatments, such as application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and chitosan (Ch) coatings added with hydrophobic components like oleic acid (OA), aid in preserving the quality of several horticultural products, but this effect has not been studied in pitaya. In the present study, the effects of 1-MCP (4.2 µL L-1) and/or a coating prepared with 9.1 g L-1 of Ch + 6.4 mL L-1 of OA (CO) were evaluated over the quality of pitayas, which were previously despined (D) during refrigeration (11 ± 1 °C; 93 ± 2 % relative humidity (RH)) for 15 d. The quality parameters studied were respiration pattern, ethylene production, weight loss, titratable acidity, skin firmness, and total soluble solids (TSS). It was found that the respiration rate and ethylene production corresponded to the climacteric type, independently of the treatment. The refrigeration conditions, minimized notoriously the weight loss of the fruits of practically all treatments. CO alone maintained the quality parameters and delayed the appearance of fungi, extending the shelf-life of despined pitayas up to 15 d. However, 1-MCP alone was not capable of preserving the evaluated quality parameters. The best treatment was D+CO+1-MCP, since it reduced notoriously the respiration and ethylene production rates, and inhibited loss of skin firmness, TSS, and acidity of the fruit. The results obtained herein are a progress in the limited knowledge of the postharvest physiology of pitaya fruit. More research is needed to deepen this knowledge and to optimize the postharvest handling of pitaya, in order to develop its market at global level for the benefit of producers and consumers.
火龙果(Stenocereus griseus H.)是一种产于墨西哥一些地区的外来水果，在那里它主要是新鲜的，在当地市场上很有价值。它的果肉呈深红色，味道甜美，种子小而易咀嚼，含有抗氧化能力的化合物，如甜菜素和酚类物质，这使其具有重要的营养价值。因此，在选定的市场，火龙果的价格被认为是高的。然而，火龙果有很大的刺，由于可能刺破，会引起消费者的排斥。这些刺也使火龙果难以处理，并造成机械损伤。这些情况使得必须从水果中去除刺，但附带的是，保质期缩短，因此，其在遥远市场的商业化更加困难。据报道，采后处理，如应用1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)和壳聚糖(Ch)涂层，添加疏水成分如油酸(OA)，有助于保持几种园艺产品的质量，但这种效果尚未在火龙果中研究。在本研究中，我们评估了1- mcp(4.2µL L-1)和/或9.1 g L-1 Ch + 6.4 mL L-1 OA (CO)制备的涂层对火龙果质量的影响，火龙果在冷藏(11±1°C)期间被抑制(D);93±2%相对湿度(RH)， 15 d。研究的质量参数为呼吸模式、乙烯产量、失重、可滴定酸度、皮肤紧致度和总可溶性固形物(TSS)。结果发现，呼吸速率和乙烯产量与更年期类型相对应，与处理无关。冷藏条件，使几乎所有处理的水果减重降到最低。单独添加CO可以保持质量参数，延缓真菌的出现，将木龙果的保质期延长至15 d。然而，单独添加1-MCP不能保留评价的质量参数。最好的处理是D+CO+1-MCP，因为它明显降低了呼吸和乙烯的产生速度，并抑制了果皮紧致度、TSS和酸度的下降。本文所获得的结果是对火龙果采后生理的有限知识的一个进步。需要更多的研究来加深这方面的知识，并优化火龙果的采后处理，以便在全球范围内开发火龙果市场，造福生产者和消费者。
{"title":"Postharvest effects of 1-MCP and Chitosan/Oleic acid coating in Pitaya (Stenocereus griseus H.)","authors":"Prisma Espinal-Hernández, M. T. Colinas-León, M. C. Ybarra-Moncada, Sergio M. Méndez-Zúñiga, J. Corrales-García","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v23i.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v23i.322","url":null,"abstract":"Pitaya (Stenocereus griseus H.) is an exotic fruit produced in some regions of Mexico, where it is mainly consumed fresh and valued in local markets. Its pulp has an intense red color, sweet flavor, small and easily chewable seeds, and compounds with antioxidant capacity, such as betalains and phenolics, which confer the fruit an important nutraceutical value. Therefore, in selected markets, the price of pitaya is considered high. However, pitaya has big spines that cause consumer rejection, due to the possibility of puncture. The spines also make it difficult to handle pitaya and cause mechanical damages. These circumstances make it indispensable to remove the spines from the fruit, but collaterally, the shelf-life is decreased, and consequently, its commercialization in distant markets is more difficult. It has been reported that postharvest treatments, such as application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and chitosan (Ch) coatings added with hydrophobic components like oleic acid (OA), aid in preserving the quality of several horticultural products, but this effect has not been studied in pitaya. In the present study, the effects of 1-MCP (4.2 µL L-1) and/or a coating prepared with 9.1 g L-1 of Ch + 6.4 mL L-1 of OA (CO) were evaluated over the quality of pitayas, which were previously despined (D) during refrigeration (11 ± 1 °C; 93 ± 2 % relative humidity (RH)) for 15 d. The quality parameters studied were respiration pattern, ethylene production, weight loss, titratable acidity, skin firmness, and total soluble solids (TSS). It was found that the respiration rate and ethylene production corresponded to the climacteric type, independently of the treatment. The refrigeration conditions, minimized notoriously the weight loss of the fruits of practically all treatments. CO alone maintained the quality parameters and delayed the appearance of fungi, extending the shelf-life of despined pitayas up to 15 d. However, 1-MCP alone was not capable of preserving the evaluated quality parameters. The best treatment was D+CO+1-MCP, since it reduced notoriously the respiration and ethylene production rates, and inhibited loss of skin firmness, TSS, and acidity of the fruit. The results obtained herein are a progress in the limited knowledge of the postharvest physiology of pitaya fruit. More research is needed to deepen this knowledge and to optimize the postharvest handling of pitaya, in order to develop its market at global level for the benefit of producers and consumers.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46055408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bárbara Silveira Leandro de Lima, R. Loiola Edvan, Carlo Aldrovandi Torreão Marques, Jacira Neves da Costa Torreão, Marcos Jácome de Araújo, Rute Ribeiro Marins Mota, Francisco Gleyson da Silveira Alves
The study aims evaluate the effect of phosphate fertilization on yield, chemical composition and in situ degradability of different cactus pear genotypes under semi-arid climate conditions. A randomized complete block design was adopted, the plots being three cactus pear genotypes [Doce and Baiano (Nopalea cochenillifera) and Mexicano (Opuntia tuna)] and the subplots being four phosphorus levels in the soil (0; 30; 60 and 90 kg P ha-1 year). The highest total green forage mass yield (TGFM) was observed in the genotype Mexicano with 87,830 ± 4,220 kg ha-1, and there was an increase of 34,630 kg ha-1 of TGFM when 90 kg of P ha-1 was used. The neutral detergent fiber content showed linear response with increase of 0.285 g kg-1 for each kg of phosphorus applied. Regarding the genotype Doce, the highest degradation values of fractions “a”, "b" and "c" of the dry matter (DM) were observed at the levels 90, 0 and 90 kg P ha-1 year, respectively, and of the crude protein (CP) at the levels 0; 0 and 60 kg P ha-1 year, respectively. Phosphate fertilization increases yield and improves the nutritional value of cactus genotypes in region of semi-arid climate.
本研究旨在评价半干旱气候条件下磷肥对不同基因型仙人掌梨产量、化学成分和原位降解性的影响。采用随机完全区组设计，地块为三种仙人掌梨基因型[Doce和Baiano（Nopalea cochenillifera）和Mexicano（Opuntia tuna）]，亚地块为土壤中的四种磷水平（0；30；60和90 kg P ha-1年）。在基因型Mexicano中观察到最高的绿色饲料总质量产量（TGFM），为87830±4220 kg ha-1，当使用90 kg P ha-1时，TGFM增加了34630 kg ha-1。中性洗涤剂纤维含量表现出线性响应，每施磷0.285g kg-1。关于基因型Doce，干物质（DM）的组分“a”、“b”和“c”的降解值最高，分别在90、0和90 kg P ha-1年的水平，粗蛋白（CP）的降解值为0；0和60 kg P ha-1年。在半干旱气候地区，施用磷肥可提高仙人掌基因型的产量和营养价值。
{"title":"Phosphorus effect on the production and nutritional value of cactus genotypes in a region of semi-arid climate","authors":"Bárbara Silveira Leandro de Lima, R. Loiola Edvan, Carlo Aldrovandi Torreão Marques, Jacira Neves da Costa Torreão, Marcos Jácome de Araújo, Rute Ribeiro Marins Mota, Francisco Gleyson da Silveira Alves","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v23i.324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v23i.324","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims evaluate the effect of phosphate fertilization on yield, chemical composition and in situ degradability of different cactus pear genotypes under semi-arid climate conditions. A randomized complete block design was adopted, the plots being three cactus pear genotypes [Doce and Baiano (Nopalea cochenillifera) and Mexicano (Opuntia tuna)] and the subplots being four phosphorus levels in the soil (0; 30; 60 and 90 kg P ha-1 year). The highest total green forage mass yield (TGFM) was observed in the genotype Mexicano with 87,830 ± 4,220 kg ha-1, and there was an increase of 34,630 kg ha-1 of TGFM when 90 kg of P ha-1 was used. The neutral detergent fiber content showed linear response with increase of 0.285 g kg-1 for each kg of phosphorus applied. Regarding the genotype Doce, the highest degradation values of fractions “a”, \"b\" and \"c\" of the dry matter (DM) were observed at the levels 90, 0 and 90 kg P ha-1 year, respectively, and of the crude protein (CP) at the levels 0; 0 and 60 kg P ha-1 year, respectively. Phosphate fertilization increases yield and improves the nutritional value of cactus genotypes in region of semi-arid climate.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44201282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prickly pear is a sweet succulent plant resistant to arid land conditions and because of these attributes it has been used as an emergency livestock feed, especially during the winter and spring seasons.
刺梨是一种甜的多肉植物，耐干旱土地条件，由于这些特性，它已被用作紧急牲畜饲料，特别是在冬季和春季。
{"title":"A survey of the feeding practices, costs and production of dairy and beef cattle in northern Mexico","authors":"J. Fuentes-Rodriguez","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.vi.428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.vi.428","url":null,"abstract":"Prickly pear is a sweet succulent plant resistant to arid land conditions and because of these attributes it has been used as an emergency livestock feed, especially during the winter and spring seasons.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43737717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Flores-Hernández, Francisco Javier Macías-Rodríguez, C. Meza-Herrera, G. García-Herrera, Oscar Esquivel-Arriaga, Cristóbal Hernández-Bautista, B. Murillo-Amador
Fermented prickly pear (Opuntia megacantha) has been used as forage in goats and sheep. Thus, the objectives of this study were to assess bimonthly production of cladodes var. Narro, compare the quality of those fermented versus non-fermented, and assess the effect of fermented cladodes in milk production of Holstein cows in stables (La Partida, Matamoros, Coahuila, México). Central pivot irrigation was used to water prickly pear plantation with a density of 17,500 plants ha-1. To assess cladode quality (proximal analysis) before and after fermentation, a completely randomized bifactorial design was used -non-fermented (N-0) and fermented (N-F) cladodes- with three replicates each. To assess the fermented cladode effect in milk production, a completely randomized design was established with first-calving Holstein cows where each one represented one replicate. The treatments were two diets, Dnor (normal) and Dnop (fermented cladodes). The results showed sufficient bimonthly production (14,380.8±1,676 kg t ha-1) of fresh prickly pear leaves for daily bio-digestor functioning (200 kg). Crude protein content and metabolizable energy showed significantly greater and contrasting values compared with non-fiber carbohydrate content (sugars and starch), showing a significant decrease in fermented cladodes with respect to non-fermented. Other proximal components did not show significant differences between both N-F vs N-0 cladodes. Average milk production increased when cows changed from Dnor (26.08 ± 4.8 L Day-1) to Dnop (30.07 ± 5.3 L Day-1) diets, recording three groups with less, medium, and greater significant increase in milk production. No correlation was found between production and increase.
发酵刺梨已被用作山羊和绵羊的饲料。因此，本研究的目的是评估Narro变种分支杆菌的双月产量，比较发酵与非发酵分支杆菌的质量，并评估发酵分支杆菌对荷斯坦奶牛在马厩（La Partida、Matamoros、Coahuila、墨西哥）产奶的影响。采用中心枢纽灌溉技术对密度为17500株ha-1的刺梨人工林进行灌溉。为了评估发酵前后的枝节质量（近端分析），使用了完全随机的双因素设计——非发酵（N-0）和发酵（N-F）枝节——每个重复三次。为了评估发酵枝节在牛奶生产中的作用，对首次产仔的荷斯坦奶牛进行了完全随机设计，每头奶牛代表一个重复。处理为两种日粮，Dnor（正常）和Dnop（发酵分支）。结果表明，每两个月生产一次新鲜刺梨叶片（14380.8±1676kg t ha-1），足以满足生物消化器的日常功能（200kg）。与非纤维碳水化合物含量（糖和淀粉）相比，粗蛋白质含量和代谢能显示出显著更大的对比值，显示出发酵分支与非发酵分支相比显著减少。其他近端成分在N-F和N-0分支之间没有显示出显著差异。当奶牛从Dnor（26.08±4.8升第1天）饮食改为Dnop（30.07±5.3升第1日）饮食时，平均产奶量增加，记录了产奶量显著增加较少、中等和较大的三组。产量和增长之间没有发现相关性。
{"title":"Aerobic semi-solid fermentation of Opuntia megacantha as feed supplement and its effect on dairy cows (Holstein)","authors":"A. Flores-Hernández, Francisco Javier Macías-Rodríguez, C. Meza-Herrera, G. García-Herrera, Oscar Esquivel-Arriaga, Cristóbal Hernández-Bautista, B. Murillo-Amador","doi":"10.56890/jpacd.v23i.351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v23i.351","url":null,"abstract":"Fermented prickly pear (Opuntia megacantha) has been used as forage in goats and sheep. Thus, the objectives of this study were to assess bimonthly production of cladodes var. Narro, compare the quality of those fermented versus non-fermented, and assess the effect of fermented cladodes in milk production of Holstein cows in stables (La Partida, Matamoros, Coahuila, México). Central pivot irrigation was used to water prickly pear plantation with a density of 17,500 plants ha-1. To assess cladode quality (proximal analysis) before and after fermentation, a completely randomized bifactorial design was used -non-fermented (N-0) and fermented (N-F) cladodes- with three replicates each. To assess the fermented cladode effect in milk production, a completely randomized design was established with first-calving Holstein cows where each one represented one replicate. The treatments were two diets, Dnor (normal) and Dnop (fermented cladodes). The results showed sufficient bimonthly production (14,380.8±1,676 kg t ha-1) of fresh prickly pear leaves for daily bio-digestor functioning (200 kg). Crude protein content and metabolizable energy showed significantly greater and contrasting values compared with non-fiber carbohydrate content (sugars and starch), showing a significant decrease in fermented cladodes with respect to non-fermented. Other proximal components did not show significant differences between both N-F vs N-0 cladodes. Average milk production increased when cows changed from Dnor (26.08 ± 4.8 L Day-1) to Dnop (30.07 ± 5.3 L Day-1) diets, recording three groups with less, medium, and greater significant increase in milk production. No correlation was found between production and increase.","PeriodicalId":54361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43452504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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