Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000400013
Z. Rengel
An increasing need to produce food for the expanding world population creates significant pressure on suitable land already in production and requires continuous expansion of food-producing ecosystems into less fertile areas. In every such food-producing system, crops and pastures must be provided with sufficient nutrients for vigorous growth and high outputs, putting an emphasis on understanding soil-plant microbe interactions governing nutrient acquisition by plants. This review will summarise the available knowledge on relevant interactions underlying plant acquisition of P and micronutrients (with an emphasis on Mn). Soils resulting in P and micronutrient deficiency in crops and pastures are abundant in the world, but such nutrient deficiency arises from poor P and micronutrient mobility rather than low total amounts present in soil (Rengel, 2001). Hence, the plant-available nutrient fraction and the concentration in the soil solution may be insufficient to satisfy plant requirements (Jorquera et al., 2008; Rengel and Marschner, 2005). Around 90% of the total P use in the world today is for food production (Jasinski, 2006). Hence, modern agricultural systems are dependent on continual inputs of P fertilizers processed from phosphate rock. Yet, the world reserves of phosphate rock are becoming increasingly scarce, and estimates are they will be depleted within 50-100 years, with a global peak in usage of P reserves occurring by 2040 (Jasinski, 2006). While the exact timing might be disputed, it is widely accepted that the quality of P rock is decreasing and cost increasing (indeed, the price of phosphate rock has risen 7-fold in the 14 months since Feb 2007) (Cordell, 2008).
为不断扩大的世界人口生产粮食的需求日益增加，对已经在生产的适当土地造成了巨大压力，并要求不断将粮食生产生态系统扩展到不太肥沃的地区。在每一个这样的粮食生产系统中，必须为作物和牧场提供足够的营养，以促进旺盛的生长和高产量，重点是了解控制植物获取营养的土壤-植物微生物相互作用。这篇综述将总结现有的关于植物获取磷和微量元素(重点是锰)的相关相互作用的知识。导致作物和牧场磷和微量元素缺乏的土壤在世界上很多，但这种养分缺乏是由于土壤中磷和微量元素流动性差，而不是总量低(Rengel, 2001)。因此，土壤溶液中的植物有效养分部分和浓度可能不足以满足植物的需求(Jorquera et al.， 2008;Rengel and Marschner, 2005)。目前世界上约90%的磷用于粮食生产(Jasinski, 2006)。因此，现代农业系统依赖于从磷矿中加工而成的磷肥的持续投入。然而，世界磷矿储量正变得越来越稀缺，估计它们将在50-100年内耗尽，全球磷矿储量的使用将在2040年达到峰值(Jasinski, 2006)。虽然确切的时间可能存在争议，但人们普遍认为，磷矿的质量正在下降，成本正在上升(事实上，磷矿的价格在2007年2月以来的14个月内上涨了7倍)(Cordell, 2008)。
{"title":"Bioavailability of Phosphorus and Micronutrients in the Soil-Plant-Microbe Continuum","authors":"Z. Rengel","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000400013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000400013","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing need to produce food for the expanding world population creates significant pressure on suitable land already in production and requires continuous expansion of food-producing ecosystems into less fertile areas. In every such food-producing system, crops and pastures must be provided with sufficient nutrients for vigorous growth and high outputs, putting an emphasis on understanding soil-plant microbe interactions governing nutrient acquisition by plants. This review will summarise the available knowledge on relevant interactions underlying plant acquisition of P and micronutrients (with an emphasis on Mn). Soils resulting in P and micronutrient deficiency in crops and pastures are abundant in the world, but such nutrient deficiency arises from poor P and micronutrient mobility rather than low total amounts present in soil (Rengel, 2001). Hence, the plant-available nutrient fraction and the concentration in the soil solution may be insufficient to satisfy plant requirements (Jorquera et al., 2008; Rengel and Marschner, 2005). Around 90% of the total P use in the world today is for food production (Jasinski, 2006). Hence, modern agricultural systems are dependent on continual inputs of P fertilizers processed from phosphate rock. Yet, the world reserves of phosphate rock are becoming increasingly scarce, and estimates are they will be depleted within 50-100 years, with a global peak in usage of P reserves occurring by 2040 (Jasinski, 2006). While the exact timing might be disputed, it is widely accepted that the quality of P rock is decreasing and cost increasing (indeed, the price of phosphate rock has risen 7-fold in the 14 months since Feb 2007) (Cordell, 2008).","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"16 1","pages":"84-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87219368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000400001
Maria de la Luz Mora Gil, B. Theng
{"title":"ISMOM 2008: 5* International Symposium on Interactions of Soil Minerals with Organic Components and Microorganisms: Commission 2.5 Soil Physical/Chemical/Biological Interfacial Reactions of the International Union of Soil Sciences","authors":"Maria de la Luz Mora Gil, B. Theng","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000400001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000400001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83147991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000400011
W. Norde, W. Tan, L. Koopal
{"title":"Protein Adsorption at Solid Surfaces and Protein Complexation with Humic Acids","authors":"W. Norde, W. Tan, L. Koopal","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000400011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000400011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"145 1","pages":"64-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80474018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000200002
M. Alfaro, F. Salazar
In developed countries, intensive grazing has been related to water pollution. The results of several projects carried out on a volcanic soil of the Osorno soil series on beef grazing production systems have shown that grazing management did not increase total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) transfer and losses. Due to the high water infiltration capacity of the soil, runoff was <1% of total drainage, therefore, N and P losses in runoff were small. Nitrogen leaching losses were high (3 up to 71 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Nitrogen loss in runoff was mainly lost as DON (c. 50%) while N leaching losses were mainly as nitrate (c. 70%). Total P losses ranged between 1 and 22 g P ha-1 yr-1 and they increased with increasing field slopes. Phosphorus was mainly lost as reactive P (c. 70%). Total losses were greatly affected by incidental N and P losses associated to spring N and P fertilizer application, so that grassland managements should consider this constrain for grazed areas in southern Chile. Research should be carried out in more intensive production systems (e.g. dairy farms) where N and P rates used are higher and applied during different times of the year, with a potential impact for the wider environment.
在发达国家，集约放牧与水污染有关。在Osorno土壤系列的火山土壤上开展的几个项目的结果表明，放牧管理没有增加总氮(N)和磷(P)的转移和损失。由于土壤具有较高的入渗能力，径流占总排水量的比例小于1%，因此径流中N、P的损失较小。氮淋失高(3 ~ 71 kg N / ha-1 -1年)。径流中氮的损失主要以DON的形式损失(约50%)，而氮的淋失主要以硝态氮的形式损失(约70%)。总磷损失量在1 ~ 22 g P /年/年之间，随田间坡度的增加而增加。磷主要以活性磷的形式损失(约70%)。春季氮磷肥施用对总损失的影响很大，因此，智利南部放牧地区的草地管理应考虑这一制约因素。研究应在集约化程度较高的生产系统(例如奶牛场)中进行，在这些系统中，氮和磷的利用率较高，并且在一年中的不同时间施用，对更广泛的环境有潜在影响。
{"title":"LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND DIFFUSE POLLUTION IN A VOLCANIC SOIL","authors":"M. Alfaro, F. Salazar","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000200002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000200002","url":null,"abstract":"In developed countries, intensive grazing has been related to water pollution. The results of several projects carried out on a volcanic soil of the Osorno soil series on beef grazing production systems have shown that grazing management did not increase total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) transfer and losses. Due to the high water infiltration capacity of the soil, runoff was <1% of total drainage, therefore, N and P losses in runoff were small. Nitrogen leaching losses were high (3 up to 71 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Nitrogen loss in runoff was mainly lost as DON (c. 50%) while N leaching losses were mainly as nitrate (c. 70%). Total P losses ranged between 1 and 22 g P ha-1 yr-1 and they increased with increasing field slopes. Phosphorus was mainly lost as reactive P (c. 70%). Total losses were greatly affected by incidental N and P losses associated to spring N and P fertilizer application, so that grassland managements should consider this constrain for grazed areas in southern Chile. Research should be carried out in more intensive production systems (e.g. dairy farms) where N and P rates used are higher and applied during different times of the year, with a potential impact for the wider environment.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89845297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000400007
N. Durán
As a general definition, nanotechnology is involved with objects on the nano scale, or materials measuring between 1 and 100 nm. It was found a good definition that is practical and unconstrained by any arbitrary size limitations: The design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape at the nanometer scale that produces structures, devices, and systems with at least one novel/superior characteristic or property (Bawa et al., 2005). Nanotechnology has contributed to the development of a great diversity of materials as those used in electronic, optoelectronic, biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, energy, catalytic, and materials applications. In the manufacturing community, the most profitable trail for nanoscale particles and materials have been in the areas of sunscreen, magnetic recording tape, automotive catalyst supports, biolabeling, chemical-mechanical polishing, electroconductive coatings, and optical fibers. However, the emergence of nanotechnology presents a number of potential environmental benefits. This potential impact area could be divided into three categories: treatment and remediation, sensing and detection, and pollution prevention. Some nanoparticles destroy contaminants, for instance, while others sequester them. The specific nanotechnologies that it will be discussed hereafter focus on site remediation and waste water treatment. Besides the applications for soil, groundwater, and wastewater, a number of nanotechnologies for air remediation are also in development. Carbon nanotubes, for example, have been recognized for their ability to adsorb dioxin much more strongly than traditional activated carbon. Smaller particle size enables the development of smaller sensors, which can be deployed more easily into remote locations. The ability of nanotechnology to abate pollution production is in progress and could potentially catalyze the most revolutionary changes in the environmental field (Watlington, 2005).
{"title":"Use of Nanoparticles in Soil-Water Bioremediation Processes","authors":"N. Durán","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000400007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000400007","url":null,"abstract":"As a general definition, nanotechnology is involved with objects on the nano scale, or materials measuring between 1 and 100 nm. It was found a good definition that is practical and unconstrained by any arbitrary size limitations: The design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape at the nanometer scale that produces structures, devices, and systems with at least one novel/superior characteristic or property (Bawa et al., 2005). Nanotechnology has contributed to the development of a great diversity of materials as those used in electronic, optoelectronic, biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, energy, catalytic, and materials applications. In the manufacturing community, the most profitable trail for nanoscale particles and materials have been in the areas of sunscreen, magnetic recording tape, automotive catalyst supports, biolabeling, chemical-mechanical polishing, electroconductive coatings, and optical fibers. However, the emergence of nanotechnology presents a number of potential environmental benefits. This potential impact area could be divided into three categories: treatment and remediation, sensing and detection, and pollution prevention. Some nanoparticles destroy contaminants, for instance, while others sequester them. The specific nanotechnologies that it will be discussed hereafter focus on site remediation and waste water treatment. Besides the applications for soil, groundwater, and wastewater, a number of nanotechnologies for air remediation are also in development. Carbon nanotubes, for example, have been recognized for their ability to adsorb dioxin much more strongly than traditional activated carbon. Smaller particle size enables the development of smaller sensors, which can be deployed more easily into remote locations. The ability of nanotechnology to abate pollution production is in progress and could potentially catalyze the most revolutionary changes in the environmental field (Watlington, 2005).","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"58 1","pages":"33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84774414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000400006
J. Bollag
Minerals, organic matter and microorganisms are intimately associated in soils and closely interact in environmental processes. These interactions are especially important in the soil rhizosphere and the sediment-water interface, where low-molecular weight biochemicals are abundant and microbial activity is intense. Current research is driven by the widespread contamination of our soils with organic pollutants and the desire to apply the knowledge acquired during earlier basic research to practical applications in the field (Atlas and Philp, 2005). These explorations not only increase our understanding of the interactions between microorganisms and other soil components, but also assist us in establishing and applying methods for waste remediation and the cleanup of contaminated soils. As the importance of bioavailability has been recognized and is being considered in regulatory decision-making, a greater understanding of the factors affecting the bioavailability of contaminants to plants and organisms is necessary. Increased knowledge will provide more realistic information about how to take bioavailability and toxicity into consideration for risk assessment and site remediation. Human activities and industrialization development generate by-products and waste that must be disposed of in a way that should not affect the environment. Even when such by-products are used on agricultural lands as a resource, e.g. organic waste that may contribute to maintain or increase the organic matter and nutrient content in the soil, there are growing concerns about the fate of undesirable constituents they may contain.
{"title":"Interactions of Soil Components and Microorganisms and their Effects on Soil Remediation","authors":"J. Bollag","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000400006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000400006","url":null,"abstract":"Minerals, organic matter and microorganisms are intimately associated in soils and closely interact in environmental processes. These interactions are especially important in the soil rhizosphere and the sediment-water interface, where low-molecular weight biochemicals are abundant and microbial activity is intense. Current research is driven by the widespread contamination of our soils with organic pollutants and the desire to apply the knowledge acquired during earlier basic research to practical applications in the field (Atlas and Philp, 2005). These explorations not only increase our understanding of the interactions between microorganisms and other soil components, but also assist us in establishing and applying methods for waste remediation and the cleanup of contaminated soils. As the importance of bioavailability has been recognized and is being considered in regulatory decision-making, a greater understanding of the factors affecting the bioavailability of contaminants to plants and organisms is necessary. Increased knowledge will provide more realistic information about how to take bioavailability and toxicity into consideration for risk assessment and site remediation. Human activities and industrialization development generate by-products and waste that must be disposed of in a way that should not affect the environment. Even when such by-products are used on agricultural lands as a resource, e.g. organic waste that may contribute to maintain or increase the organic matter and nutrient content in the soil, there are growing concerns about the fate of undesirable constituents they may contain.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"31 1","pages":"28-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82989749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000100004
Recent field studies have shown that fungal spores decrease when non host plants are used as a pre-culture. The objective of this study was to evaluate how host plant like oats (Avena sativa L.), and non host, as lupine (Lupinus albus L.), and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) can influence on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) propagules diversity and phosphatase activity when growing in an Andisol and an Inceptisol. The trial was conducted from September 2006 through March 2007 in greenhouse conditions using 5 kg pots with in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The number of AMF spores was higher in the Andisol than the Inceptisol and highest when using oats than lupine or raps as plant host. Oats also showed a large enrichment of morphotypes, whereas lupine and raps were poor. The phosphatase activity (P-ase) in Inceptisol was lower than in Andisol and between crops increased in the order oats < rapeseed < lupine; while significant differences between lupines with other crops were registred. Again, our results reinforce the hypothesis that the mycorrhizae and phosphatase activity are complementary mechanisms developed by plants for a better P acquisition.
{"title":"Effect of the host and non host crops on arbuscular mycorrhizal propagules","authors":"","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000100004","url":null,"abstract":"Recent field studies have shown that fungal spores decrease when non host plants are used as a pre-culture. The objective of this study was to evaluate how host plant like oats (Avena sativa L.), and non host, as lupine (Lupinus albus L.), and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) can influence on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) propagules diversity and phosphatase activity when growing in an Andisol and an Inceptisol. The trial was conducted from September 2006 through March 2007 in greenhouse conditions using 5 kg pots with in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The number of AMF spores was higher in the Andisol than the Inceptisol and highest when using oats than lupine or raps as plant host. Oats also showed a large enrichment of morphotypes, whereas lupine and raps were poor. The phosphatase activity (P-ase) in Inceptisol was lower than in Andisol and between crops increased in the order oats < rapeseed < lupine; while significant differences between lupines with other crops were registred. Again, our results reinforce the hypothesis that the mycorrhizae and phosphatase activity are complementary mechanisms developed by plants for a better P acquisition.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"1 1","pages":"37-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89570875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000400004
L. Gianfreda
In the second part of the twentieth century, intense environmental pollution has been one of the biggest concerns for science. Xenobiotic chemicals are continuously released into the biosphere because of several industrial and/or agricultural activities. In particular, the rapid industrialization of agriculture, expansions in the chemical industry, and the need to generate cheap forms of energy have all resulted in an ever-increasing reliance on anthropogenic organic chemicals and caused the contamination of the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the soil environment. Examples of xenobiotics very dangerous for the environment and considered very often priority pollutants are shown in Figure 1.
{"title":"Enzymes of Significance to the Restoration of Polluted Systems: Traditional and Advanced Approaches","authors":"L. Gianfreda","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000400004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000400004","url":null,"abstract":"In the second part of the twentieth century, intense environmental pollution has been one of the biggest concerns for science. Xenobiotic chemicals are continuously released into the biosphere because of several industrial and/or agricultural activities. In particular, the rapid industrialization of agriculture, expansions in the chemical industry, and the need to generate cheap forms of energy have all resulted in an ever-increasing reliance on anthropogenic organic chemicals and caused the contamination of the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the soil environment. Examples of xenobiotics very dangerous for the environment and considered very often priority pollutants are shown in Figure 1.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"38 1","pages":"12-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76313118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000200006
C. Rumpel
La influencia de 31 anos de quema de residuos sobre el almacenaje de carbono y tambien la composicion de la maieria organica (SOM) fue estudiada en un suelo agricola de un experimento de largo plazo. Ademas el potencial de perdida del carbono condensado (BC) que se produce por la quema de los residuos de cosecha por el trasporte horizontal y vertical fue cuantificado durante un experimento de simulacion de lluvia. Nuestros resultados muestran que 31 anos de quema de residuos, como una practica regular de la agricultura, no cambio el almacenaje de C o la composicion quimica de la SOM. Esto es muy probable que se deba a que una pequena cantidad de carbono altamente aromatico entra al suelo. Una porcion significativa de BC depositado en la superficie del suelo por el fuego puede haber sido exportada desde el sitio como fue demostrado durante el experimento de simulacion de lluvia.
{"title":"DOES BURNING OF HARVESTING RESIDUES INCREASE SOIL CARBON STORAGE","authors":"C. Rumpel","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912008000200006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912008000200006","url":null,"abstract":"La influencia de 31 anos de quema de residuos sobre el almacenaje de carbono y tambien la composicion de la maieria organica (SOM) fue estudiada en un suelo agricola de un experimento de largo plazo. Ademas el potencial de perdida del carbono condensado (BC) que se produce por la quema de los residuos de cosecha por el trasporte horizontal y vertical fue cuantificado durante un experimento de simulacion de lluvia. Nuestros resultados muestran que 31 anos de quema de residuos, como una practica regular de la agricultura, no cambio el almacenaje de C o la composicion quimica de la SOM. Esto es muy probable que se deba a que una pequena cantidad de carbono altamente aromatico entra al suelo. Una porcion significativa de BC depositado en la superficie del suelo por el fuego puede haber sido exportada desde el sitio como fue demostrado durante el experimento de simulacion de lluvia.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"15 1","pages":"44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81087983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912008000100002
Marysol Alvear, Marcia Astorga, Francisco Reyes
El impacto de los residuos vegetales provenientes de manejos silvicolas sobre la dinamica de nutrientes en suelos forestales es aun desconocida. Es necesario determinar el efecto de los residuos provenientes de la poda y el raleo dejados sobre la superficie del suelo, ya que tienen un impacto directo sobre las propiedades fisico-quimicas y en las actividades microbianas del suelo. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar y comparar el efecto de residuos vegetales provenientes de dos tratamientos silvicolas (poda y raleo) sobre algunas actividades biologicas medidas despues de 10 anos de manejo en invierno y en primavera. Este fue realizado en un Ultisol plantado con Pinus radiata D. Don. Nosotros determinamos: la hidrolisis de la fluoresceina diacetato (FDA), el carbono y nitrogeno biomasico (CBM y NBM, respectivamente) y la actividad de las enzimas carboximetilcelulasa (CMC-asa) y β-glucosidasa (βG-asa), ambas involucradas en el ciclo del C, y fosfatasa acida (P-asa), involucrada en el ciclo del fosforo (P). Los resultados demuestran que la hidrolisis de la FDA y el NBM fueron significativamente mayores (p 0,05) entre tratamientos, con excepcion de la P-asa acida, favorecida por la mayor disponibilidad de P y el pH del suelo. En primavera, las actividades enzimaticas evaluadas no presentaron diferencias significativas (p>0,05) en el RSP, a diferencia del rodal sometido a raleo (RSR), considerando la estacionalidad. Entre manejos si hubo diferencias significativas (p<0,05), siendo mayores los niveles de actividad en el RSP.La humedad del suelo y la acumulacion de residuos silvicolas fueron determinantes en el control de las actividades biologicas Sin embargo, otros factores podrian ser considerados. El manejo de los residuos provenientes de faenas silvicolas en este tipo de ecosistemas requieren de un mayor estudio, considerando que existen varios factores medioambientales y antropicos
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