Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912010000100001
Yu Juan, Z. H. Chen, Lijun Chen, Z. Wu, R. Wang, W. T. Sun, Y. Zhang
The kinetic characteristics of soil urease have attracted great attention, but little information was available on its kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors as affected by urease inhibitors and temperature. With black soil (Pachic Udic Mollisol) in Heilongjiang Province of Northeast China as a test soil, an incubation test was conducted to investigate the effect of urease inhibitors (hydroquinone, HQ; phenyl phosphorodiamidate, PPD; N-(n-Butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, NBPT) on kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors of soil urease at 10oC, 20oC and 30°C. The results showed that all tested inhibitors increased Km and decreased Vmax, behaving as mixed inhibitors to soil urease. With increasing temperature, the Km and Vmax values increased significantly. With incubation time, Km decreased, while Vmax significantly increased. Compared with control, treatment HQ decreased soil urease thermodynamic parameters Ea, ΔH, and Q10, but in PPD and NBPT treatments, the parameters increased slightly. The Q10 and ΔH of soil urease decreased slightly with increasing temperature. Among test inhibitors, PPD and NBPT were more effective in influencing the kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors of urease in black soil. The variations in kinetic and thermodynamic parameters indicated that the effects of urease inhibitors on soil urease are greater on kinetic behaviors rather than on thermodynamic ones.
{"title":"KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC BEHAVIORS OF SOIL UREASE AS AFFECTED BY UREASE INHIBITORS","authors":"Yu Juan, Z. H. Chen, Lijun Chen, Z. Wu, R. Wang, W. T. Sun, Y. Zhang","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912010000100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912010000100001","url":null,"abstract":"The kinetic characteristics of soil urease have attracted great attention, but little information was available on its kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors as affected by urease inhibitors and temperature. With black soil (Pachic Udic Mollisol) in Heilongjiang Province of Northeast China as a test soil, an incubation test was conducted to investigate the effect of urease inhibitors (hydroquinone, HQ; phenyl phosphorodiamidate, PPD; N-(n-Butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, NBPT) on kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors of soil urease at 10oC, 20oC and 30°C. The results showed that all tested inhibitors increased Km and decreased Vmax, behaving as mixed inhibitors to soil urease. With increasing temperature, the Km and Vmax values increased significantly. With incubation time, Km decreased, while Vmax significantly increased. Compared with control, treatment HQ decreased soil urease thermodynamic parameters Ea, ΔH, and Q10, but in PPD and NBPT treatments, the parameters increased slightly. The Q10 and ΔH of soil urease decreased slightly with increasing temperature. Among test inhibitors, PPD and NBPT were more effective in influencing the kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors of urease in black soil. The variations in kinetic and thermodynamic parameters indicated that the effects of urease inhibitors on soil urease are greater on kinetic behaviors rather than on thermodynamic ones.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"83 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87121507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912010000200003
D. Alarcon, F. Ortega, F. Perich, F. Pardo, L. Parra, A. Quiroz
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a valuable forage legume grown alone or in mixture with grasses in temperate regions of the world. Red clover is adapted to a wide range of soil types, pH levels, environmental and management conditions. However, the main limitation of this species is the lack of persistence related to the high mortality of plants. In Chile the main biotic factor affecting survival of plants is the root borer Hylastinus obscurus (Marsham) (Coleoptera; Scolytidae). In 1989, a red clover (T. pratense L.) breeding program was started at Carillanca Research Center of the Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA), Chile, with the main objectives of improving the survival of plants, forage yield and persistence. In 2002 a research line to study the interaction between the root borer and the plant was started. This paper describes briefly the improvement obtained in survival of young plants after twenty years of breeding and the importance of root borer population regarding forage yield. Experiments were conducted at Carillanca Research Center under irrigated conditions, comparing under cutting the dry matter yield of new synthetic lines and Redqueli-INIA with Quinequeli- INIA. The experimental lines Syn Int IV, Syn Pre III, Syn Int V and Syn Int VI were more productive than the cultivars Redqueli-INIA and Quinequeli-INIA at the second season. The evaluation of the biological parameter allowed identifying a tolerant line, Syn Pre I, and three potential new varieties: Syn Pre III, Syn Int V and Syn Int VI. This is the first report showing an inverse relation between dry matter yield of red clover and root borer population (P≤0.05). Moreover, we report the first evidence that H. obscurus start the colonization of red clover plant of 6-month-old.
红三叶草(Trifolium pratense L.)是世界温带地区单独或与草混合生长的一种有价值的饲料豆科植物。红三叶草适应广泛的土壤类型，pH值，环境和管理条件。然而，该物种的主要限制是缺乏持久性，这与植物的高死亡率有关。在智利，影响植物存活的主要生物因素是根螟Hylastinus obscurus (Marsham)(鞘翅目;小蠹科)。1989年，智利农业研究所(INIA) Carillanca研究中心启动了红三叶草(T. pratense L.)育种计划，其主要目标是提高植物的存活率、饲料产量和持久性。2002年开始了研究根蛀虫与植物之间相互作用的研究路线。本文简要介绍了经过二十年的育种，在幼苗成活率方面取得的进步，以及根螟种群对饲料产量的重要性。在Carillanca研究中心进行了灌溉条件下的试验，比较了新合成品系和Redqueli-INIA与Quinequeli- INIA的干物质产量。试验品系Syn Int IV、Syn Pre III、Syn Int V和Syn Int VI在第二季的产量均高于红奎里- inia和奎奎里- inia。通过生物学参数的评价，鉴定出了一个耐受性品系Syn Pre I和三个潜在的新品种Syn Pre III、Syn Int V和Syn Int VI。这是首次报道红三叶草干物质产量与根螟种群呈负相关(P≤0.05)。此外，我们还报道了第一个证据，表明暗箱草在6月龄的红三叶草植物中开始定殖。
{"title":"RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RADICAL INFESTATION OF Hylastinus obscurus (MARSHAM) AND THE YIELD OF CULTIVARS AND EXPERIMENTAL LINES OF RED CLOVER (Trifolium pratense L.)","authors":"D. Alarcon, F. Ortega, F. Perich, F. Pardo, L. Parra, A. Quiroz","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912010000200003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912010000200003","url":null,"abstract":"Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a valuable forage legume grown alone or in mixture with grasses in temperate regions of the world. Red clover is adapted to a wide range of soil types, pH levels, environmental and management conditions. However, the main limitation of this species is the lack of persistence related to the high mortality of plants. In Chile the main biotic factor affecting survival of plants is the root borer Hylastinus obscurus (Marsham) (Coleoptera; Scolytidae). In 1989, a red clover (T. pratense L.) breeding program was started at Carillanca Research Center of the Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA), Chile, with the main objectives of improving the survival of plants, forage yield and persistence. In 2002 a research line to study the interaction between the root borer and the plant was started. This paper describes briefly the improvement obtained in survival of young plants after twenty years of breeding and the importance of root borer population regarding forage yield. Experiments were conducted at Carillanca Research Center under irrigated conditions, comparing under cutting the dry matter yield of new synthetic lines and Redqueli-INIA with Quinequeli- INIA. The experimental lines Syn Int IV, Syn Pre III, Syn Int V and Syn Int VI were more productive than the cultivars Redqueli-INIA and Quinequeli-INIA at the second season. The evaluation of the biological parameter allowed identifying a tolerant line, Syn Pre I, and three potential new varieties: Syn Pre III, Syn Int V and Syn Int VI. This is the first report showing an inverse relation between dry matter yield of red clover and root borer population (P≤0.05). Moreover, we report the first evidence that H. obscurus start the colonization of red clover plant of 6-month-old.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"34 1","pages":"115-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83179433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912010000200006
Y. Zhang, L.J Chen, Z. Chen, C. Sun, Z.J Wu, X.H Tang
No tillage is being populanzed for the rainfed maize production in Northeast China. In order to evaluate its effects on the nutrient contents and enzymatic charactenstics in upland soils of Northeast China, surface (0-20 cm) meadow brown soil samples were collected from the plots under no tillage and conventional tillage in a 7-year field experiment under maize cropping in Shenyang, with the soil pH, contents of total C, N, P and S and available N, activities of α- and (β-galactosidase, α- and (β-glucosidase, urease, protease, phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, and arylsulphatase, and kinetic parameters of (β-glucosidase, protease, phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, and arylsulphatase determined. Comparing with conventional tillage, no tillage increased the contents of soil total C, N, and S and available N, the activities of test enzymes, and the Vmax/Km of soil urease, protease, and phosphomonoesterase, but decreased the activity of soil α-galactosidase and the VmaxKm of soil (β-glucosidase significantly. All the results suggest that long term no tillage for the maize production on meadow brown soil of Northeast China could enhance soil nutrients storage and the turnover of soil N and P, but had definite negative effects on the transformation of soil C.
免耕在东北旱作玉米生产中得到推广。以评估其影响旱地土壤的养分含量和酶charactenstics东北、表面(0-20厘米)草甸棕壤样本收集的情节:免耕和传统耕作制下的7场实验在沈阳下玉米种植,土壤pH值,内容总C, N, P和S和可用的N、活动的α-(β牛乳糖,α-和β葡糖苷酶,脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸单酯酶、磷酸二酯酶,测定了芳基硫酸酯酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、蛋白酶、磷酸单酯酶、磷酸二酯酶和芳基硫酸酯酶的动力学参数。与常规耕作相比，免耕提高了土壤全C、全N、全S含量和速效氮含量，提高了试验酶活性，提高了土壤脲酶、蛋白酶和磷酸单酯酶的Vmax/Km，显著降低了土壤α-半乳糖苷酶活性和土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶的VmaxKm。综上所述，东北草甸棕壤玉米长期免耕能提高土壤养分储量和土壤氮磷周转，但对土壤碳的转化有一定的负面影响。
{"title":"SOIL NUTRIENT CONTENTS AND ENZYMATIC CHARACTERISTICS AS AFFECTED BY 7-YEAR NO TILLAGE UNDER MAIZE CROPPING IN A MEADOW BROWN SOIL","authors":"Y. Zhang, L.J Chen, Z. Chen, C. Sun, Z.J Wu, X.H Tang","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912010000200006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912010000200006","url":null,"abstract":"No tillage is being populanzed for the rainfed maize production in Northeast China. In order to evaluate its effects on the nutrient contents and enzymatic charactenstics in upland soils of Northeast China, surface (0-20 cm) meadow brown soil samples were collected from the plots under no tillage and conventional tillage in a 7-year field experiment under maize cropping in Shenyang, with the soil pH, contents of total C, N, P and S and available N, activities of α- and (β-galactosidase, α- and (β-glucosidase, urease, protease, phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, and arylsulphatase, and kinetic parameters of (β-glucosidase, protease, phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, and arylsulphatase determined. Comparing with conventional tillage, no tillage increased the contents of soil total C, N, and S and available N, the activities of test enzymes, and the Vmax/Km of soil urease, protease, and phosphomonoesterase, but decreased the activity of soil α-galactosidase and the VmaxKm of soil (β-glucosidase significantly. All the results suggest that long term no tillage for the maize production on meadow brown soil of Northeast China could enhance soil nutrients storage and the turnover of soil N and P, but had definite negative effects on the transformation of soil C.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"12 1","pages":"150-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81159434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912010000100002
G. Curaqueo, E. Acevedo, P. Cornejo, A. Seguel, R. Rubio, F. Borie
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their product glomalin (GRSP) play a decisive role in the soil aggregation, affecting the carbon (C) dynamics in agroecosystems. Tillage affects the AMF activity and GRSP content, influencing the stability and the soil C forms as well. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on: i) arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal length and GRSP content; ii) the nature of soil organic matter by means of physical fractionation (free particulate organic matter (fPOM); occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) and mineral-associated soil organic matter (Mineral)), as well as chemical fractionation (fulvic acid, humic acid and humin), and iii) the relationships between AMF parameters, soil carbon and water stable aggregates (WSA) in a Mollisol of Central Chile managed for 6 years under NT and CT using a wheat-corn rotation. Higher values in the AMF hyphal length, GRSP and WSA in NT compared with CT were observed. Significant relationships were found between GRSP and WSA (r = 0.66, p < 0.01) and total mycelium and GRSP (r = 0.58, p< 0.05). The total carbon increased 44% under NT compared with CT. The chemical fractionation showed percentage greater than 95% for humim in both treatments. Physical fractionation indicates that the higher part of the SOC (89.4 - 95.1%) was associated with the mineral fraction.
{"title":"TILLAGE EFFECT ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, MYCORRHIZAL HYPHAE AND AGGREGATES IN A MEDITERRANEAN AGROECOSYSTEM","authors":"G. Curaqueo, E. Acevedo, P. Cornejo, A. Seguel, R. Rubio, F. Borie","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912010000100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912010000100002","url":null,"abstract":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their product glomalin (GRSP) play a decisive role in the soil aggregation, affecting the carbon (C) dynamics in agroecosystems. Tillage affects the AMF activity and GRSP content, influencing the stability and the soil C forms as well. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on: i) arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal length and GRSP content; ii) the nature of soil organic matter by means of physical fractionation (free particulate organic matter (fPOM); occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) and mineral-associated soil organic matter (Mineral)), as well as chemical fractionation (fulvic acid, humic acid and humin), and iii) the relationships between AMF parameters, soil carbon and water stable aggregates (WSA) in a Mollisol of Central Chile managed for 6 years under NT and CT using a wheat-corn rotation. Higher values in the AMF hyphal length, GRSP and WSA in NT compared with CT were observed. Significant relationships were found between GRSP and WSA (r = 0.66, p < 0.01) and total mycelium and GRSP (r = 0.58, p< 0.05). The total carbon increased 44% under NT compared with CT. The chemical fractionation showed percentage greater than 95% for humim in both treatments. Physical fractionation indicates that the higher part of the SOC (89.4 - 95.1%) was associated with the mineral fraction.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"4 1","pages":"12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90514764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912010000100008
Alejandra Ribera, M. Mora, Vanessa Ghiselini, R. Demanet, F. Gallardo
We studied the phosphorous (P) and molybdenum (Mo) relationship in soil and red clover (Trifoliumpratense L.) in a non limed and limed acid Andisol of Southern Chile. In soil, we evaluated the effect of different liming (0 and 2000 mg kg-1), P (0, 200 and 400 mg kg-1), and Mo (0, 0.58 and 0.96 mg kg-1) doses supply on soil available Mo. In addition, the availability of P and Calcium (Ca) in treated soils was determinated. In red clover, we studied the Mo and P shoot concentrations and dry matter yield in response to the different treatments applied to the soil. Also, we measured the changes produced by Mo uptake in shoot Cu concentrations. The results showed that both, lime and more strongly P and Mo additions significantly (P ≥ 0.05) increased soil Mo availability. In contrast, soil available P was not significantly (P ≥0.05) affected by liming and Mo treatments. A significant high correlation (r = 0.579, at P ≥ 0.05) was observed among soil Mo availability and shoot Mo concentrations, as well as between soil available P and shoot concentration of P (r = 0.844, at P ≥ 0.01). In this study for all fertilization treatments, shoot Cu concentrations reached values which are considered as normal for forage species. We also shown that the simultaneous applications of high P and Mo rates could be produce red clover shoot Cu/Mo ratios that should provoke Mo-induced Cu deficiency (Molybdenosis) for the cattle. Red clover yield was no significantly different in limed and non limed soils. Nevertheless, red clover yield production increased at increasing rates of P and Mo in both, non limed and limed soil. The major practical implication of these results is that the application of Mo doses equal or superior to 200 g ha-1 to acid Andisols, are recommendable to obtain appropriate Mo shoot content on red clover. In addition, our results shown that P supply to these soils, rather than liming, is necessary to obtain sufficient values of shoot Mo concentrations in red clover.
{"title":"PHOSPHORUS-MOLYBDENUM RELATIONSHIP IN SOIL AND RED CLOVER (Trifolium pratense L.) ON AN ACID ANDISOL","authors":"Alejandra Ribera, M. Mora, Vanessa Ghiselini, R. Demanet, F. Gallardo","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912010000100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912010000100008","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the phosphorous (P) and molybdenum (Mo) relationship in soil and red clover (Trifoliumpratense L.) in a non limed and limed acid Andisol of Southern Chile. In soil, we evaluated the effect of different liming (0 and 2000 mg kg-1), P (0, 200 and 400 mg kg-1), and Mo (0, 0.58 and 0.96 mg kg-1) doses supply on soil available Mo. In addition, the availability of P and Calcium (Ca) in treated soils was determinated. In red clover, we studied the Mo and P shoot concentrations and dry matter yield in response to the different treatments applied to the soil. Also, we measured the changes produced by Mo uptake in shoot Cu concentrations. The results showed that both, lime and more strongly P and Mo additions significantly (P ≥ 0.05) increased soil Mo availability. In contrast, soil available P was not significantly (P ≥0.05) affected by liming and Mo treatments. A significant high correlation (r = 0.579, at P ≥ 0.05) was observed among soil Mo availability and shoot Mo concentrations, as well as between soil available P and shoot concentration of P (r = 0.844, at P ≥ 0.01). In this study for all fertilization treatments, shoot Cu concentrations reached values which are considered as normal for forage species. We also shown that the simultaneous applications of high P and Mo rates could be produce red clover shoot Cu/Mo ratios that should provoke Mo-induced Cu deficiency (Molybdenosis) for the cattle. Red clover yield was no significantly different in limed and non limed soils. Nevertheless, red clover yield production increased at increasing rates of P and Mo in both, non limed and limed soil. The major practical implication of these results is that the application of Mo doses equal or superior to 200 g ha-1 to acid Andisols, are recommendable to obtain appropriate Mo shoot content on red clover. In addition, our results shown that P supply to these soils, rather than liming, is necessary to obtain sufficient values of shoot Mo concentrations in red clover.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"20 1","pages":"78-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81337419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912010000100003
R. Bhandral, N. Bolan, S. Saggar
Intensification in dairying and increased production of farm dairy effluent (FDE) has raised concerns about gaseous nitrogen (N) losses and their environmental implications. This study was undertaken to monitor changes in mineral-N and soil water-filled pore-space (WFPS) in relation to N20 emission from application of FDE to dairy-grazed pasture. Pasture was irrigated with FDE in September 2003 (first irrigation) and January 2004 (second irrigation), preceded by grazing events. The N20 emission rate increased after application of FDE. Total amounts of N20 emitted from FDE application for first and second irrigation were 2% and 4.9%, respectively, of the total N added through effluents. Difference in emission rates between the two irrigation events were attributed to difference in time lapse between the grazing event and FDE application. When FDE was applied immediately after grazing (second irrigation) higher emissions were observed.
{"title":"NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION FROM FARM DAIRY EFFLUENT APPLICATION IN GRAZED GRASSLAND","authors":"R. Bhandral, N. Bolan, S. Saggar","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912010000100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912010000100003","url":null,"abstract":"Intensification in dairying and increased production of farm dairy effluent (FDE) has raised concerns about gaseous nitrogen (N) losses and their environmental implications. This study was undertaken to monitor changes in mineral-N and soil water-filled pore-space (WFPS) in relation to N20 emission from application of FDE to dairy-grazed pasture. Pasture was irrigated with FDE in September 2003 (first irrigation) and January 2004 (second irrigation), preceded by grazing events. The N20 emission rate increased after application of FDE. Total amounts of N20 emitted from FDE application for first and second irrigation were 2% and 4.9%, respectively, of the total N added through effluents. Difference in emission rates between the two irrigation events were attributed to difference in time lapse between the grazing event and FDE application. When FDE was applied immediately after grazing (second irrigation) higher emissions were observed.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"19 1","pages":"22-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86864845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912009000200002
J. Scervino, M. A. Ponce, I. Mónica, H. Vierheilig, J. Ocampo, A. Godeas
We tested the effects of the flavonoid 3-methoxi-5,6,7,8-hydroxy-4'hydroxy flavone (NMHTV) isolated from shoots of non arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculated clover, and of the flavonoids 5,6,7,8-hydroxy-3-methoxy flavone (MH-1); 5,6,7,8-hydroxy-4'-hydroxy flavone (MH-2); and 5,7-hydroxy-3,4'-methoxy flavone (MH-3); isolated from AM clover {Trifolium repens) shoots, on spore germination, hyphal length, hyphal branches and the number of cluster of auxiliary cells or the number of secondary spores (Presymbiotic stage) and on the number of entry points and the percentage of AM colonized root of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) by the AM fungi Gigaspora rosea, Giaspora margarita, Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices (Symbiotic stage). Non significant effects of the flavonoids isolated from the shoot of mycorrhizal colonized clover on the presymbiotic and symbiotic stages of Gigaspora and Glomus endophytes were found. The flavonoid NMHTV isolated from non AM clover shoot, did not affect the percentage of germination of spores but significantly increased (P < 0.05) the other steps of the presymbiotic stage of Gi. margarita spores when 2 µM concentration was used. The symbiotic stage of Gi. margarita was also significantly increased when 2 µM of the flavonoid NMHTV was applied. This flavonoid had no effect on the presymbiotic development of G. mosseae, G. intraradices and Gi. rosea except when 8 uM concentration was used, which inhibited the hyphal length of Gi. rosea. These results suggest the possible implication of the flavonoid NMHTV in the susceptibility of tomato roots to the AM formation by Gi. margarita. The absence of stimulation of the AM presymbiotic and symbiotic stages in tomato by exogenous application of the newly synthesized flavonoids MH-1, MH-2, and MH-3, in clover shoots after AM colonization, indicated that the autorregulation of the AM symbiosis can be, at least partially, due to the disappearance of flavonoids in AM colonized plants that stimulated the AM symbiosis.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN THE PRESENCE OF DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF Trifolium repens SHOOT FLAVONOIDS","authors":"J. Scervino, M. A. Ponce, I. Mónica, H. Vierheilig, J. Ocampo, A. Godeas","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912009000200002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912009000200002","url":null,"abstract":"We tested the effects of the flavonoid 3-methoxi-5,6,7,8-hydroxy-4'hydroxy flavone (NMHTV) isolated from shoots of non arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculated clover, and of the flavonoids 5,6,7,8-hydroxy-3-methoxy flavone (MH-1); 5,6,7,8-hydroxy-4'-hydroxy flavone (MH-2); and 5,7-hydroxy-3,4'-methoxy flavone (MH-3); isolated from AM clover {Trifolium repens) shoots, on spore germination, hyphal length, hyphal branches and the number of cluster of auxiliary cells or the number of secondary spores (Presymbiotic stage) and on the number of entry points and the percentage of AM colonized root of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) by the AM fungi Gigaspora rosea, Giaspora margarita, Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices (Symbiotic stage). Non significant effects of the flavonoids isolated from the shoot of mycorrhizal colonized clover on the presymbiotic and symbiotic stages of Gigaspora and Glomus endophytes were found. The flavonoid NMHTV isolated from non AM clover shoot, did not affect the percentage of germination of spores but significantly increased (P < 0.05) the other steps of the presymbiotic stage of Gi. margarita spores when 2 µM concentration was used. The symbiotic stage of Gi. margarita was also significantly increased when 2 µM of the flavonoid NMHTV was applied. This flavonoid had no effect on the presymbiotic development of G. mosseae, G. intraradices and Gi. rosea except when 8 uM concentration was used, which inhibited the hyphal length of Gi. rosea. These results suggest the possible implication of the flavonoid NMHTV in the susceptibility of tomato roots to the AM formation by Gi. margarita. The absence of stimulation of the AM presymbiotic and symbiotic stages in tomato by exogenous application of the newly synthesized flavonoids MH-1, MH-2, and MH-3, in clover shoots after AM colonization, indicated that the autorregulation of the AM symbiosis can be, at least partially, due to the disappearance of flavonoids in AM colonized plants that stimulated the AM symbiosis.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"24 1","pages":"102-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86746959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912009000300006
P. SantiagoFPeredo, Z. EsperanzaParada, C. MarcelaVega, S. ClaudiaPBarrera
The aim of the present study was to determine and compare taxa richness, abundance and diversity of the edaphic mesofauna community between plantations of cranberries (Vaccinium sp.) subjected to organic and conventional management in farms in central-south Chile (37°28'S), as also to evaluate changes produced in their diversity and abundance diversity and abundance, as result of the change from conventional to organic management. In July 2006 two farms were chosen, one with one year under organic management (OM1) and a second one under six years of certified organic management (OM6). Each farm was divided in four quadrants, each one with a surface of 2,500 m . In each quadrant was extracted one sample with six replicas of 188.5 cm3 each. Samples were processed in the laboratory using the Berlesse-Tullgren system for the extraction of mesofauna and the subsequent counting and identification of specimens. To compare the organic managed plantation, it was selected a farm under conventional management (CM) with similar climatic and edaphic conditions. On each parcel, taxa richness, abundance, alpha (a) diversity, dominance and beta (P) diversity were determined. Significant differences between diversity values were determined with Student's t test (a = 0.05). It is concluded that taxa richness is similar in all plantations, independent of agricultural management, whereas abundance of each taxon individually is different between both types of management. There are significant differences in diversity between the organic plantations (OM1 versus OM6) and between the conventional (CM) versus organic plantations (P<0.05). Qualitative (taxocenotic) and quantitative (biocenotic) similarity recorded in the edaphic communities from both types of plantation management may be explained by soil type and climate similarity, as well as by the homogeneity of the edaphic ecosystem.
{"title":"EDAPHIC MESOFAUNA COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL MANAGEMENT OF CRANBERRY (Vaccinium sp.) PLANTATIONS: AN AGROECOLOGICAL APPROACH","authors":"P. SantiagoFPeredo, Z. EsperanzaParada, C. MarcelaVega, S. ClaudiaPBarrera","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912009000300006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912009000300006","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to determine and compare taxa richness, abundance and diversity of the edaphic mesofauna community between plantations of cranberries (Vaccinium sp.) subjected to organic and conventional management in farms in central-south Chile (37°28'S), as also to evaluate changes produced in their diversity and abundance diversity and abundance, as result of the change from conventional to organic management. In July 2006 two farms were chosen, one with one year under organic management (OM1) and a second one under six years of certified organic management (OM6). Each farm was divided in four quadrants, each one with a surface of 2,500 m . In each quadrant was extracted one sample with six replicas of 188.5 cm3 each. Samples were processed in the laboratory using the Berlesse-Tullgren system for the extraction of mesofauna and the subsequent counting and identification of specimens. To compare the organic managed plantation, it was selected a farm under conventional management (CM) with similar climatic and edaphic conditions. On each parcel, taxa richness, abundance, alpha (a) diversity, dominance and beta (P) diversity were determined. Significant differences between diversity values were determined with Student's t test (a = 0.05). It is concluded that taxa richness is similar in all plantations, independent of agricultural management, whereas abundance of each taxon individually is different between both types of management. There are significant differences in diversity between the organic plantations (OM1 versus OM6) and between the conventional (CM) versus organic plantations (P<0.05). Qualitative (taxocenotic) and quantitative (biocenotic) similarity recorded in the edaphic communities from both types of plantation management may be explained by soil type and climate similarity, as well as by the homogeneity of the edaphic ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"21 4","pages":"236-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S0718-27912009000300006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72402519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912009000300005
A. Carvajal, A. Feijoo, Heimar Quintero, Marco Antonio Rondón
Se estudio la relacion de cambios en el uso del terreno con el C y N edaficos, en el municipio de Alcala (region cafetera colombiana), entre 900 y 1600 m de elevacion. Los suelos son Argiudolls y Melanudands y las unidades de muestreo fueron definidas segun el gradiente altitudinal. Se midieron contenidos de C y N, relacion C:N, densidad aparente y abundancias de 13C y 15N. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) por el efecto de la altura. La zona alta mostro mayores contenidos de C (37,06-42,88 t ha-1) y N (3,12 - 3,86 t ha-1), mayor relacion C:N (11,17 - 11,97), menor densidad aparente (0.56 - 0.65 g cm"3) y abundancia de 15N (4,59 - 5,15%o). Barbechos y monocultivos almacenaron mas carbono en la parte subterranea del suelo; mientras que en sitios mas conservados los contenidos de C y N fueron bajos. El 13C segun los usos, fluctuo entre -25,18 y -21,27%o indicando que la mayoria del C fue fijado por plantas C3. Se concluyo que los cambios en el uso afectan el almacenamiento de C, principalmente por practicas como fertilizacion con productos de sintesis quimica; y que los suelos de Alcala tienen alto potencial para la prestacion de servicios ecosistemicos relacionados con la captura de carbono edafico.
我们研究了Alcala市(哥伦比亚咖啡区)海拔900 - 1600米之间土地利用变化与土壤碳氮的关系。在本研究中，我们分析了不同的土壤类型，并确定了不同的土壤类型。在本研究中，我们分析了该地区的植被，并对其进行了分析。本研究的目的是评估一项研究的结果，该研究的目的是评估一项研究的结果，该研究的目的是评估一项研究的结果。高区C (37.06 - 42.88 t ha-1)和N (3.12 - 3.86 t ha-1)含量较高，C:N比(11.17 - 11.97)较高，堆积密度(0.56 - 0.65 g cm"3)较低，15N丰度(4.59 - 5.15% o)较高。休耕和单一栽培在土壤的地下部分储存了更多的碳;在保存较好的地点，C和N的含量较低。根据不同的用途，13C在- 25.18到- 21.27%之间波动，表明大部分C是由C3植物固定的。利用变化影响C的储存，主要是通过化学合成产品施肥等做法;Alcala的土壤具有提供与土壤碳捕获相关的生态系统服务的高潜力。
{"title":"CARBONO ORGÁNICO DEL SUELO EN DIFERENTES USOS DEL TERRENO DE PAISAJES ANDINOS COLOMBIANOS","authors":"A. Carvajal, A. Feijoo, Heimar Quintero, Marco Antonio Rondón","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912009000300005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912009000300005","url":null,"abstract":"Se estudio la relacion de cambios en el uso del terreno con el C y N edaficos, en el municipio de Alcala (region cafetera colombiana), entre 900 y 1600 m de elevacion. Los suelos son Argiudolls y Melanudands y las unidades de muestreo fueron definidas segun el gradiente altitudinal. Se midieron contenidos de C y N, relacion C:N, densidad aparente y abundancias de 13C y 15N. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) por el efecto de la altura. La zona alta mostro mayores contenidos de C (37,06-42,88 t ha-1) y N (3,12 - 3,86 t ha-1), mayor relacion C:N (11,17 - 11,97), menor densidad aparente (0.56 - 0.65 g cm\"3) y abundancia de 15N (4,59 - 5,15%o). Barbechos y monocultivos almacenaron mas carbono en la parte subterranea del suelo; mientras que en sitios mas conservados los contenidos de C y N fueron bajos. El 13C segun los usos, fluctuo entre -25,18 y -21,27%o indicando que la mayoria del C fue fijado por plantas C3. Se concluyo que los cambios en el uso afectan el almacenamiento de C, principalmente por practicas como fertilizacion con productos de sintesis quimica; y que los suelos de Alcala tienen alto potencial para la prestacion de servicios ecosistemicos relacionados con la captura de carbono edafico.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"122 1","pages":"222-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86092872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912009000200001
C. Arriagada, P. Pacheco, G. Pereira, Á. Machuca, M. Alvear, J. Ocampo
The sewage sludge (SS) represents a source of organic matter although its increasing accumulation need a suitable environmental treatment. Our study analyzed the effect of the interaction between sewage sludge (doses 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g per 100 g of soil) and Eucalyptus globulus nursery seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi as a fertilizers alternative and evaluate its effect on some soil enzyme activities. The seedlings were inoculated with Glomus claroideum, Glomus viscosum, Glomus intraradices and Glomus constrictum, establishing a uninoculated control. The sewage sludge application increased the shoot dry weight and the inoculation with G. viscosum was more effective at 6 g of SS in 100 g soil. The root colonization and succinate dehydrogenase activity was decreased by all doses of SS used. The Fluorescein diacetate activity was increased by the AM inoculation but not by sewage sludge. The β-glucosidase activity was increased in presence of SS at 6 g 100 g -1 . The N and P uptake by the E. globulus plants was higher in presence of sewage sludge and more effective with G. viscosum plant inoculation. In conclusion the application of these amounts of SS promoted the plant growth and can be regarded as a successful biotechnological tool for the greenhouse plant production.
污水污泥(SS)是有机物质的来源，尽管它的积累越来越多，需要适当的环境处理。本研究分析了污水污泥(每100 g土壤剂量分别为0、2、4、6和8 g)与接种丛枝菌根真菌(AM)作为肥料替代的蓝桉苗木相互作用的影响，并评价了其对土壤酶活性的影响。分别接种球囊球(Glomus claroideum)、粘球球(Glomus viscosum)、根内球囊球(Glomus intraradices)和缢管球囊球(Glomus constrictum)作为对照。污泥处理增加了地上部干重，在100 g土壤中接种6 g SS效果更好。所有剂量的SS均降低了根定植和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性。接种AM可提高双乙酸荧光素的活性，而污泥不能提高活性。6 g 100 g -1时，SS的存在使β-葡萄糖苷酶活性增加。在污泥存在的情况下，球孢菌对氮、磷的吸收更高，接种粘孢菌对氮、磷的吸收更有效。综上所述，施用这些量的SS促进了植物的生长，可以视为一种成功的温室植物生产生物技术工具。
{"title":"EFFECT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL INOCULATION ON Eucalyptus globulus SEEDLINGS AND SOME SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES UNDER APPLICATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE AMENDMENT","authors":"C. Arriagada, P. Pacheco, G. Pereira, Á. Machuca, M. Alvear, J. Ocampo","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912009000200001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912009000200001","url":null,"abstract":"The sewage sludge (SS) represents a source of organic matter although its increasing accumulation need a suitable environmental treatment. Our study analyzed the effect of the interaction between sewage sludge (doses 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g per 100 g of soil) and Eucalyptus globulus nursery seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi as a fertilizers alternative and evaluate its effect on some soil enzyme activities. The seedlings were inoculated with Glomus claroideum, Glomus viscosum, Glomus intraradices and Glomus constrictum, establishing a uninoculated control. The sewage sludge application increased the shoot dry weight and the inoculation with G. viscosum was more effective at 6 g of SS in 100 g soil. The root colonization and succinate dehydrogenase activity was decreased by all doses of SS used. The Fluorescein diacetate activity was increased by the AM inoculation but not by sewage sludge. The β-glucosidase activity was increased in presence of SS at 6 g 100 g -1 . The N and P uptake by the E. globulus plants was higher in presence of sewage sludge and more effective with G. viscosum plant inoculation. In conclusion the application of these amounts of SS promoted the plant growth and can be regarded as a successful biotechnological tool for the greenhouse plant production.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"52 1","pages":"89-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86488673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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