Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912009000100003
D. Dec, J. Dörner, R. Horn
In order to determine the effect of soil management on its thermal properties, undisturbed soil samples were taken from two tillage treatments (conventional and conservation treatment) at two depths (0-30cm and 30-60cm) of a Stagnic Luvisol (silt loam) before and after directly wheeling. The experimental field, located in Harste/Goettingen, Germany, was cultivated with sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). To calculate thermal properties of the soil, the volumetric water content (TDR needles) and temperature (pT 100 thermistors) during the simulation of the daily fluctuation of temperature were registered in laboratory and then the thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity and heat diffusivity were calculated following the damping depth method and the statistical-physical model. The results showed that different tillage systems as well as compaction influenced soil thermal properties. Conservational tillage treatment with more stable and better developed soil structure at a depth of 0-30cm (which represents ploughing depth and decides differences between soil management) presented higher water content as the main factor deciding soil thermal properties. According to this, values of thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity under this treatment were greater than under conventional. Thermal diffusivity, however, was lower. From the latter we can conclude that under conservation tillage treatment the soil can store more heat, but at the same time and as a result of the lower thermal diffusivity, the atmospheric variations do not affect the soil thermal regime strongly.
{"title":"EFFECT OF SOIL MANAGEMENT ON THEIR THERMAL PROPERTIES","authors":"D. Dec, J. Dörner, R. Horn","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912009000100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912009000100003","url":null,"abstract":"In order to determine the effect of soil management on its thermal properties, undisturbed soil samples were taken from two tillage treatments (conventional and conservation treatment) at two depths (0-30cm and 30-60cm) of a Stagnic Luvisol (silt loam) before and after directly wheeling. The experimental field, located in Harste/Goettingen, Germany, was cultivated with sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). To calculate thermal properties of the soil, the volumetric water content (TDR needles) and temperature (pT 100 thermistors) during the simulation of the daily fluctuation of temperature were registered in laboratory and then the thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity and heat diffusivity were calculated following the damping depth method and the statistical-physical model. The results showed that different tillage systems as well as compaction influenced soil thermal properties. Conservational tillage treatment with more stable and better developed soil structure at a depth of 0-30cm (which represents ploughing depth and decides differences between soil management) presented higher water content as the main factor deciding soil thermal properties. According to this, values of thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity under this treatment were greater than under conventional. Thermal diffusivity, however, was lower. From the latter we can conclude that under conservation tillage treatment the soil can store more heat, but at the same time and as a result of the lower thermal diffusivity, the atmospheric variations do not affect the soil thermal regime strongly.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"1 1","pages":"26-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89557400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912009000200005
M. Shebl, S. Kamel, Talaat A Abu Hashesh, M. Osman
Alfalfa, Medicago sativa (L, 1753), one of the most important forage crops in the world; leafcutting bees which belong to Family Megachilidae are very promising pollinator of Alfalfa is USA and Canada. Different lefacutting natural nests were discovered in Ismailia (east part of Egypt). Artificial polystyrene foam nests were used for bees nesting; it is easy to manage and handle it in alfalfa fields. Different fertilization treatments were carried out for testing their impact on alfalfa seed production in the presence of artificial nests. The seed production depends basically on the pollination of leafcutting bees (tripping mechanism) more than fertilization treatment; we found no significant differences between different fertilization treatments. It is highly recommended to use phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during the blooming season synchronized with leafcutting bees.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF USING LEAFCUTTING BEES (Megachilidae hymenoptera) WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION TREATMENTS ON ALFALFA SEED PRODUCTION","authors":"M. Shebl, S. Kamel, Talaat A Abu Hashesh, M. Osman","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912009000200005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912009000200005","url":null,"abstract":"Alfalfa, Medicago sativa (L, 1753), one of the most important forage crops in the world; leafcutting bees which belong to Family Megachilidae are very promising pollinator of Alfalfa is USA and Canada. Different lefacutting natural nests were discovered in Ismailia (east part of Egypt). Artificial polystyrene foam nests were used for bees nesting; it is easy to manage and handle it in alfalfa fields. Different fertilization treatments were carried out for testing their impact on alfalfa seed production in the presence of artificial nests. The seed production depends basically on the pollination of leafcutting bees (tripping mechanism) more than fertilization treatment; we found no significant differences between different fertilization treatments. It is highly recommended to use phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during the blooming season synchronized with leafcutting bees.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"34 1","pages":"134-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78287561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912009000300004
P. ManuelCasanova, G. OsvaldoSalazar, S. OscarSeguel, A. VerónicaNoguer
Se evaluo, con tensioinfiltrometro y en condiciones de laboratorio, la conductividad hidraulica de suelos en distintos gradientes de pendiente (0%, 15%, 20% y 25 %) utilizando cuatro monolitos de clases texturales contrastantes (SA, SFA, SFa y SaF), provenientes de suelos (Fluventic Haploxerolls y Typic Xerochrepts) de la zona central de Chile. Se emplearon 13 potenciales de suministro de agua (Ψs) entre -140 y -20 mm. Obtenida la conductividad hidraulica insaturada (KΨ) para cada Ψs , los valores pareados [ln(KΨ) y Ψs] fueron ajustados a un modelo bilineal, asumiendo que una funcion exponencial continua de KΨ es aplicable al sistema macroporoso y mesoporoso, con un quiebre a un potencial limite. La conductividad hidraulica saturada (K∫s) se estimo extrapolando al potencial de suministro cero. Asi, al realizar un ajuste gravitacional del potencial de suministro, K∫s mostro una marcada tendencia a disminuir en todos los suelos al aumentar el gradiente de pendiente, lo que se atribuye a una refraccion del flujo de agua, considerando la mayor resistencia friccional o viscosa que se genera al inclinar el suelo.
{"title":"CONDUCTIVIDAD HIDRÁULICA EN MONOLITOS DE SUELO DE CHILE CENTRAL","authors":"P. ManuelCasanova, G. OsvaldoSalazar, S. OscarSeguel, A. VerónicaNoguer","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912009000300004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912009000300004","url":null,"abstract":"Se evaluo, con tensioinfiltrometro y en condiciones de laboratorio, la conductividad hidraulica de suelos en distintos gradientes de pendiente (0%, 15%, 20% y 25 %) utilizando cuatro monolitos de clases texturales contrastantes (SA, SFA, SFa y SaF), provenientes de suelos (Fluventic Haploxerolls y Typic Xerochrepts) de la zona central de Chile. Se emplearon 13 potenciales de suministro de agua (Ψs) entre -140 y -20 mm. Obtenida la conductividad hidraulica insaturada (KΨ) para cada Ψs , los valores pareados [ln(KΨ) y Ψs] fueron ajustados a un modelo bilineal, asumiendo que una funcion exponencial continua de KΨ es aplicable al sistema macroporoso y mesoporoso, con un quiebre a un potencial limite. La conductividad hidraulica saturada (K∫s) se estimo extrapolando al potencial de suministro cero. Asi, al realizar un ajuste gravitacional del potencial de suministro, K∫s mostro una marcada tendencia a disminuir en todos los suelos al aumentar el gradiente de pendiente, lo que se atribuye a una refraccion del flujo de agua, considerando la mayor resistencia friccional o viscosa que se genera al inclinar el suelo.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"7 1","pages":"210-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76263097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912009000300001
O. Rubilar, S. Elgueta, G. Tortella, L. Gianfreda, M. C. Diez
Pellets of the white-rot fungus Anthracophyllum discolor with activated carbon and sawdust (complex pellets) were formulated for the degradation of lignin in water and the bioremediation of soil contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP). The complex pellets were formed by a center of activated carbon and sawdust surrounded by fungal mycelium, whereas simple pellets consisting of only mycelium were hollow spheres. Degradation of lignin was performed in an airlift reactor at initial lignin concentration of 1000 mg L -1 and the fungal pellets were re-used two times in batch operations. Complex pellets degraded lignin by 87 and 72% in the first and second cycle, respectively, and they were significantly more effective than simple pellets. In addition, complex pellet showed higher manganese peroxidase activity in the reactor. For the bioremediation of soil contaminated with PCP (150 mg kg -1 of soil) the pellets were added to soil surface. PCP degradation in soil with complex pellets was 85% at 28 days of bioaugmentation, being higher than in soil with simple pellet. A fungus growth was also observed only in soil with complex pellet. Sawdust and activated carbon appear to be suitable carriers of A. discolor for degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater and soil.
采用活性炭和木屑制备了白腐菌炭疽菌变色颗粒(复合颗粒)，用于降解水中木质素和修复五氯酚污染的土壤。复合球是由活性炭和木屑的中心包裹在真菌菌丝体中形成的，而仅由菌丝体组成的简单球是空心球体。在初始木质素浓度为1000 mg L -1的气升反应器中进行木质素降解，真菌球团在间歇操作中重复使用两次。复合颗粒在第一次和第二次循环中降解木质素的效率分别为87%和72%，显著高于简单颗粒。此外，复合球团在反应器中表现出较高的锰过氧化物酶活性。将颗粒投加到土壤表面，对受PCP污染的土壤(150 mg kg -1)进行生物修复。生物强化28 d时，复合颗粒土壤对PCP的降解率为85%，高于单纯颗粒土壤。真菌也只在具有复杂颗粒的土壤中生长。木屑和活性炭是褐藻降解废水和土壤中有机污染物的适宜载体。
{"title":"PELLETIZATION OF Anthracophyllum discolor FOR WATER AND SOIL TREATMENT CONTAMINATED WITH ORGANIC POLLUTANTS","authors":"O. Rubilar, S. Elgueta, G. Tortella, L. Gianfreda, M. C. Diez","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912009000300001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912009000300001","url":null,"abstract":"Pellets of the white-rot fungus Anthracophyllum discolor with activated carbon and sawdust (complex pellets) were formulated for the degradation of lignin in water and the bioremediation of soil contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP). The complex pellets were formed by a center of activated carbon and sawdust surrounded by fungal mycelium, whereas simple pellets consisting of only mycelium were hollow spheres. Degradation of lignin was performed in an airlift reactor at initial lignin concentration of 1000 mg L -1 and the fungal pellets were re-used two times in batch operations. Complex pellets degraded lignin by 87 and 72% in the first and second cycle, respectively, and they were significantly more effective than simple pellets. In addition, complex pellet showed higher manganese peroxidase activity in the reactor. For the bioremediation of soil contaminated with PCP (150 mg kg -1 of soil) the pellets were added to soil surface. PCP degradation in soil with complex pellets was 85% at 28 days of bioaugmentation, being higher than in soil with simple pellet. A fungus growth was also observed only in soil with complex pellet. Sawdust and activated carbon appear to be suitable carriers of A. discolor for degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater and soil.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"4 1","pages":"161-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74279321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912009000100002
P. ManuelCasanova, Z. CarlosBenavides
Empleando informacion cartografica y una base de datos se predijo la distribucion espacial de la volatilizacion a partir de urea granular aplicada superficialmente en la zona central de Chile, bajo el supuesto que el potencial de perdida amoniacal solo depende de las propiedades del suelo, y que se asocian al espacio fisico conocido como micrositio. Las propiedades relevantes (capacidad de intercambio cationico, actividad ureasica, tamponamiento del pH y pH del suelo post-hidrolisis de la urea o pH/) para el proceso de perdida de amoniaco, se definieron acorde a un modelo conceptual, determinandose que los valores umbrales para un alto potencial de perdidas son: CIC ≤ 20 cmol(+) kg-1, actividad ureasica ≥ 40 N-urea g-1 h-1 and pH ≥ 80. Por otra parte, teniendo en cuenta el uso de algunas funciones de pedotranferencia simplificadas, dichas propiedades relevantes fueron predichas para las unidades cartograficas de las 82 Series del suelo, estimandose en alrededor de 88.000 hectareas el area con mayor riesgo de perdidas de amoniaco, correspondiendo principalmente a Mollisoles.
利用预测cartografica和数据库的信息空间几何volatilizacion应用尿素颗粒表面起智利中部地区,所谓潜力低氨损失只取决于土壤特性,以及与物理空间称为micrositio。相关的属性(cationico、ureasica活动交流能力,tamponamiento土壤的酸碱度pH和post-hidrolisis蛋白尿或pH /进程)损失的氨,确定了符合一个概念模型,determinandose失去阀高潜力的价值是:CIC≤20 cmol (+) kg-1、ureasica活动≥40 7.74 N-urea h-1 and pH≥80。另一方面,考虑使用一些pedotranferencia职能相关的,这些属性都为单位cartograficas土壤82系列、estimandose约88,000土地风险最大的地区失踪的氨,主要承担Mollisoles。
{"title":"CARTOGRAFÍA DE LAS PÉRDIDAS POTENCIALES DE N-UREA POR VOLATILIZACIÓN EN SUELOS DE CHILE CENTRAL","authors":"P. ManuelCasanova, Z. CarlosBenavides","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912009000100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912009000100002","url":null,"abstract":"Empleando informacion cartografica y una base de datos se predijo la distribucion espacial de la volatilizacion a partir de urea granular aplicada superficialmente en la zona central de Chile, bajo el supuesto que el potencial de perdida amoniacal solo depende de las propiedades del suelo, y que se asocian al espacio fisico conocido como micrositio. Las propiedades relevantes (capacidad de intercambio cationico, actividad ureasica, tamponamiento del pH y pH del suelo post-hidrolisis de la urea o pH/) para el proceso de perdida de amoniaco, se definieron acorde a un modelo conceptual, determinandose que los valores umbrales para un alto potencial de perdidas son: CIC ≤ 20 cmol(+) kg-1, actividad ureasica ≥ 40 N-urea g-1 h-1 and pH ≥ 80. Por otra parte, teniendo en cuenta el uso de algunas funciones de pedotranferencia simplificadas, dichas propiedades relevantes fueron predichas para las unidades cartograficas de las 82 Series del suelo, estimandose en alrededor de 88.000 hectareas el area con mayor riesgo de perdidas de amoniaco, correspondiendo principalmente a Mollisoles.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"14 1","pages":"14-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80766700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912009000100001
Diego Wyllyam do Vale, Renato de Mello Prado, Ancélio Ricardo de Oliveira Gondim, Roque Takahashi, M. A. R. Correia
Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Programa Posgrad Agron, BR-14884900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
{"title":"Curva de crescimento e marcha de absorção de macronutrientes em três cultivares de amoreira (Morus alba L)","authors":"Diego Wyllyam do Vale, Renato de Mello Prado, Ancélio Ricardo de Oliveira Gondim, Roque Takahashi, M. A. R. Correia","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912009000100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912009000100001","url":null,"abstract":"Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Programa Posgrad Agron, BR-14884900 Sao Paulo, Brazil","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78641075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912009000100005
G. ErikaMarinaVistoso, N. Bolan, B. Theng, M. Mora
Se determinaron las cineticas de adsorcion de molibdato y fosfato en cuatro Andisoles Chilenos. Cerca del 55% del molibdato y 61% del fosfato fueron adsorbidos en las primeras 0,5 h; despues la adsorcion aumento lentamente, donde se adsorbio aproximadamente el 90% del molibdato y el 97% del fosfato despues de 72 h. Al mismo tiempo, aumento la concentracion de iones OH¯ en la solucion de suelo, aumentando el pH en 0,85 unidades para molibdato y en 0,65 unidades en el caso de fosfato. Estas observaciones indican que ambos aniones son adsorbidos por el mecanismo de intercambio de ligandos. Entre los cinco modelos cineticos examinados (Tabla 2), la ecuacion de Elovich mostro los mejores ajustes de los datos experimentales (R2 = 0,93 a 0,97; SE = 0,35 a 0,94). La velocidad de adsorcion (α), para ambos aniones, se relaciono con el contenido de materia organica (MO) de los suelos, especialmente con los contenidos de los complejos humus-Al y humus-Fe. Los valores de α para molibdato fueron 2,24x1015 mmol kg- h-1 en el suelo Vilcun (15% MO); 2,49 x1012 mmol kg-1 h-1 en el suelo Pemehue I16% MO); 8,76x1010 mmol kg-1 h-1 en el suelo Osorno (20% MO), y 3,11x107 mmol kg- h-1 en el suelo Piedras Negras (24% MO). Los valores correspondientes para fosfato fueron 3,89x107; 5,21x1010; 3,11x1012; y l,08x1016 mmol kg-1 h-1. La velocidad de desorcion (β) en los cuatro suelos (en el orden anterior) fluctuo en el rango de 0,47 a 0,28 para molibdato, y 0,22 a 0,39 mmol kg-1 h-1 para fosfato. Los resultados sugieren que la composicion mineralogica y el contenido de materia organica de estos Andisoles controlan la cinetica de adsorcion de molibdato y fosfato. Molibdato parece tener mayor afinidad por los oxidos-Fe y oxidos-Al, mientras que fosfato es mayormente adsorbido por los complejos humus-Fe y humus-Al.
{"title":"KINETICS OF MOLYBDATE AND PHOSPHATE SORPTION BY SOME CHILEAN ANDISOLS","authors":"G. ErikaMarinaVistoso, N. Bolan, B. Theng, M. Mora","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912009000100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912009000100005","url":null,"abstract":"Se determinaron las cineticas de adsorcion de molibdato y fosfato en cuatro Andisoles Chilenos. Cerca del 55% del molibdato y 61% del fosfato fueron adsorbidos en las primeras 0,5 h; despues la adsorcion aumento lentamente, donde se adsorbio aproximadamente el 90% del molibdato y el 97% del fosfato despues de 72 h. Al mismo tiempo, aumento la concentracion de iones OH¯ en la solucion de suelo, aumentando el pH en 0,85 unidades para molibdato y en 0,65 unidades en el caso de fosfato. Estas observaciones indican que ambos aniones son adsorbidos por el mecanismo de intercambio de ligandos. Entre los cinco modelos cineticos examinados (Tabla 2), la ecuacion de Elovich mostro los mejores ajustes de los datos experimentales (R2 = 0,93 a 0,97; SE = 0,35 a 0,94). La velocidad de adsorcion (α), para ambos aniones, se relaciono con el contenido de materia organica (MO) de los suelos, especialmente con los contenidos de los complejos humus-Al y humus-Fe. Los valores de α para molibdato fueron 2,24x1015 mmol kg- h-1 en el suelo Vilcun (15% MO); 2,49 x1012 mmol kg-1 h-1 en el suelo Pemehue I16% MO); 8,76x1010 mmol kg-1 h-1 en el suelo Osorno (20% MO), y 3,11x107 mmol kg- h-1 en el suelo Piedras Negras (24% MO). Los valores correspondientes para fosfato fueron 3,89x107; 5,21x1010; 3,11x1012; y l,08x1016 mmol kg-1 h-1. La velocidad de desorcion (β) en los cuatro suelos (en el orden anterior) fluctuo en el rango de 0,47 a 0,28 para molibdato, y 0,22 a 0,39 mmol kg-1 h-1 para fosfato. Los resultados sugieren que la composicion mineralogica y el contenido de materia organica de estos Andisoles controlan la cinetica de adsorcion de molibdato y fosfato. Molibdato parece tener mayor afinidad por los oxidos-Fe y oxidos-Al, mientras que fosfato es mayormente adsorbido por los complejos humus-Fe y humus-Al.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"397 1","pages":"55-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90537163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912009000100004
M. Alfaro, F. Salazar, O. Oenema, S. Iraira, N. Teuber, L. Ramírez, D. Villarroel
Las principales entradas y salidas de nitrogeno (N) y fosforo (P) en un suelo y pradera tipica de las condiciones del sur de Chile fueron determinadas en 2004/05 y 2006/07 para establecer balances de suelo y puerta bajo diferentes cargas animales (63 and 191 anim ha-1 d-1) y pendiente topografica (4 y 12%). Los tratamientos recibieron 67,5 y 40 kg N y P ha-1 ano-1 como fertilizante inorganico. Las principales entradas de N y P al suelo fueron la mineralizacion de N (304 kg ha-1 ano-1) y la fertilizacion inorganica (62 y 69% para N y P, respectivamente). Las principales salidas para todos los tratamientos fue la extraccion de las plantas (95% y 100% en promedio para N y P, respectivamente). La eficiencia de uso de N y P fue alta (>95%). El principal ingreso de N y P al balance de puerta fue el fertilizante inorganico (>95%), mientras que la produccion animal tuvo un efecto despreciable sobre la exportacion de N y P. Los balances de suelo variaron entre -303 y +58, y desde -3 a +20 kg de N y P ha-1 ano-1. Los balances de puerta variaron entre -309 y +58, y entre -8 y +20 kg de N y P ha-1 ano-1, respectivamente, indicando un potencial de degradacion de suelo en areas con bajo ingreso de nutrientes en fertilizantes inorganicos y una sobreacumulacion en areas con bajo nivel de produccion de materia seca, lo que puede resultar en restricciones medioambientales. Esto deberia considerarse especialmente en sistemas de produccion de leche, que son mas intensivamente manejados.
氮(N)的主要进出fosforo (P)在土壤和条件的典型草原智利南部被某些在2004和2007为建立资产负债表的土壤动物门在许多不同的负载(63和191个公约ha-1 d - 1)和陡坡4 topografica(12%)。无机肥料分别施67.5和40 kg N和P ha-1年-1处理。土壤中氮和磷的主要输入为氮矿化(304 kg hm -1年-1)和无机施肥(氮和磷分别为62%和69%)。主要出口为所有的治疗是植物extraccion(平均为95%和100% N和P分别)。氮、磷的利用效率较高(>95%)。N和P的主要收入门是肥料inorganico平衡(> 95%),而负债的动物有价值影响exportacion N和P .资产负债表为-303 + 58 -土壤,从-3 + 20公斤N和P ha-1 ano-1。资产负债表为-309 - + 58门,和居住,至+ 20公斤N和P ha-1 ano-1分别说明degradacion潜力与低收入地区土壤养分化肥inorganicos和sobreacumulacion低地区的干燥物质环境,它可能在限制。这应该在更集中管理的牛奶生产系统中特别考虑。
{"title":"NUTRIENTS BALANCES IN BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT","authors":"M. Alfaro, F. Salazar, O. Oenema, S. Iraira, N. Teuber, L. Ramírez, D. Villarroel","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912009000100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912009000100004","url":null,"abstract":"Las principales entradas y salidas de nitrogeno (N) y fosforo (P) en un suelo y pradera tipica de las condiciones del sur de Chile fueron determinadas en 2004/05 y 2006/07 para establecer balances de suelo y puerta bajo diferentes cargas animales (63 and 191 anim ha-1 d-1) y pendiente topografica (4 y 12%). Los tratamientos recibieron 67,5 y 40 kg N y P ha-1 ano-1 como fertilizante inorganico. Las principales entradas de N y P al suelo fueron la mineralizacion de N (304 kg ha-1 ano-1) y la fertilizacion inorganica (62 y 69% para N y P, respectivamente). Las principales salidas para todos los tratamientos fue la extraccion de las plantas (95% y 100% en promedio para N y P, respectivamente). La eficiencia de uso de N y P fue alta (>95%). El principal ingreso de N y P al balance de puerta fue el fertilizante inorganico (>95%), mientras que la produccion animal tuvo un efecto despreciable sobre la exportacion de N y P. Los balances de suelo variaron entre -303 y +58, y desde -3 a +20 kg de N y P ha-1 ano-1. Los balances de puerta variaron entre -309 y +58, y entre -8 y +20 kg de N y P ha-1 ano-1, respectivamente, indicando un potencial de degradacion de suelo en areas con bajo ingreso de nutrientes en fertilizantes inorganicos y una sobreacumulacion en areas con bajo nivel de produccion de materia seca, lo que puede resultar en restricciones medioambientales. Esto deberia considerarse especialmente en sistemas de produccion de leche, que son mas intensivamente manejados.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"15 1","pages":"40-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78872279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912009000200003
Y. Zhang, Cc Sun, Lijun Chen, Z. Duan
An incubation test with black soil (Phaeozem), Albic soil (Albic Luvisols), brown soil (Cambisols), and cinnamon soil (Chromic Luvisol) from Northeast China was conducted under the conditions of 10%, 20% and30 % field capacity, and the kinetic parameters of soil urease, phosphatase, and arylsulphatase were determined, aimed to study the changes in the catalytic potential of these enzymes under different soil moisture conditions. All test enzymes exhibited typical Michaelis-Menten kinetic behaviors. The test enzymes exhibited the highest enzyme-substrate affinity (1/K-m) at 20% or 30% field capacity. With increasing soil moisture content, the V-max of test soil urease decreased, while that of soil phosphatase and arylsulphatase increased, with the maximum V-max/K-m of urease at 20% field capacity and that of phosphatases and arylsulphatase at 30% field capacity. To control soil moisture condition could be a feasible way in regulating the biochemical transformation processes of soil nutrients catalyzed by soil hydrolases.
{"title":"CATALYTIC POTENTIAL OF SOIL HYDROLASES IN NORTHEAST CHINA UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL MOISTURE CONDITIONS","authors":"Y. Zhang, Cc Sun, Lijun Chen, Z. Duan","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912009000200003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912009000200003","url":null,"abstract":"An incubation test with black soil (Phaeozem), Albic soil (Albic Luvisols), brown soil (Cambisols), and cinnamon soil (Chromic Luvisol) from Northeast China was conducted under the conditions of 10%, 20% and30 % field capacity, and the kinetic parameters of soil urease, phosphatase, and arylsulphatase were determined, aimed to study the changes in the catalytic potential of these enzymes under different soil moisture conditions. All test enzymes exhibited typical Michaelis-Menten kinetic behaviors. The test enzymes exhibited the highest enzyme-substrate affinity (1/K-m) at 20% or 30% field capacity. With increasing soil moisture content, the V-max of test soil urease decreased, while that of soil phosphatase and arylsulphatase increased, with the maximum V-max/K-m of urease at 20% field capacity and that of phosphatases and arylsulphatase at 30% field capacity. To control soil moisture condition could be a feasible way in regulating the biochemical transformation processes of soil nutrients catalyzed by soil hydrolases.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"86 1","pages":"116-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80643321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912009000200006
R. Ceballos, X. Cofre, A. Quiroz, N. Espinoza, G. Palma
In Chile, the main factor in red clover {Trifolium pretense L.) stand decline is fusarium-root rot, which results in a reduction in yield. Fusarium oxysporum (Schlect.) is the most prevalent pathogen recovered from diseased red clover roots plants. Agronomical management of red clover includes application of broadleaf herbicides such as MCPA and bentazon. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of bentazon and bentazon/MCPA mixture on phytotoxicity and root rot as caused by F. oxysporum on red clover, under greenhouse conditions. In addition, in vitro mycelial growth and conidial germination of F. oxysporum was studied. A reduction of 40% in crown diameter and 57% shoot dry weight was observed 30 days after treatment with a high rate of bentazon/MCPA and F. oxysporum inoculum. The bentazon - F. oxysporum interaction reduced root dry weight by 57% at IX rate and 42% with 2X rate at 20 and 30 of evaluation. Bentazon caused a significant increase in phytotoxicity at the high rate and the mixture bentazon/MCPA increased root rot severity and phytotoxicity at the high rate. The conidial germination and mycelial growth were significantly reduced by bentazon/MCPA. These results suggest that red clover growth and persistence could be adversely affected by F. oxysporum after bentazon and bentazon/MCPA application.
{"title":"BENTAZON-MCPA EFFECT ON Fusarium oxysporum ROOT ROT ON Trifolium pratense IN GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS","authors":"R. Ceballos, X. Cofre, A. Quiroz, N. Espinoza, G. Palma","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912009000200006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912009000200006","url":null,"abstract":"In Chile, the main factor in red clover {Trifolium pretense L.) stand decline is fusarium-root rot, which results in a reduction in yield. Fusarium oxysporum (Schlect.) is the most prevalent pathogen recovered from diseased red clover roots plants. Agronomical management of red clover includes application of broadleaf herbicides such as MCPA and bentazon. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of bentazon and bentazon/MCPA mixture on phytotoxicity and root rot as caused by F. oxysporum on red clover, under greenhouse conditions. In addition, in vitro mycelial growth and conidial germination of F. oxysporum was studied. A reduction of 40% in crown diameter and 57% shoot dry weight was observed 30 days after treatment with a high rate of bentazon/MCPA and F. oxysporum inoculum. The bentazon - F. oxysporum interaction reduced root dry weight by 57% at IX rate and 42% with 2X rate at 20 and 30 of evaluation. Bentazon caused a significant increase in phytotoxicity at the high rate and the mixture bentazon/MCPA increased root rot severity and phytotoxicity at the high rate. The conidial germination and mycelial growth were significantly reduced by bentazon/MCPA. These results suggest that red clover growth and persistence could be adversely affected by F. oxysporum after bentazon and bentazon/MCPA application.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"26 1","pages":"142-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90122326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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