Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology最新文献_第7页

The use of transmission electron microscopy when investigating fossil angiosperm pollen: A review and suggestions for future applications 透射电镜在被子植物花粉化石研究中的应用：综述及未来应用的建议

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105423

Silvia Ulrich , Carola Purgina , Johannes Martin Bouchal , Christian Geier , Friðgeir Grímsson

It has been more than 65 years since transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was first used to study fossil angiosperm pollen. Since then, significant progress has been made in sample preparation protocols and TEM equipment, particularly in contrasting methods used to reveal detailed ultrastructural differences in pollen walls, as well as sensitive, high-resolution cameras needed for documentation. Early TEM studies on fossil angiosperm pollen focused on determining whether ultrastructure could be used to assign palynomorphs to spore-producing plants, gymnosperms, or angiosperms. Later research became more taxonomically focused, comparing fossil pollen walls to those of extant angiosperms. Most TEM research on fossil angiosperm pollen has until now been conducted in the USA, Western/Central Europe, and Russia, with limited contributions from other parts of the scientific community. There is a clear relation between the sample origin (country, locality) and author group, and between the type of pollen specimens (dispersed versus in situ) and the taxonomic resolution. In situ pollen from fossil flowers is usually assigned to families and genera, while most dispersed pollen is noted as Incertae sedis. Despite the obvious advantages of TEM analyses for determining the taxonomic placement and phylogenetic relations of fossil pollen, little effort has been put into this subject over the last decades. To increase the understanding of angiosperm evolution, TEM investigations of fossil pollen need to be routinely applied. New generations of palynologists need to pick up on this method, and an effort to investigate Cenozoic angiosperm pollen from a taxonomic point of view is overdue.

透射电子显微镜（TEM）首次用于研究被子植物花粉化石已有65多年的历史。从那时起，在样品制备方案和TEM设备方面取得了重大进展，特别是在用于揭示花粉壁详细超微结构差异的对比方法，以及用于记录的灵敏、高分辨率相机方面。早期对被子植物化石花粉的透射电镜研究主要集中在确定超微结构是否可以用来为产孢植物、裸子植物或被子植物分配花粉形态。后来的研究更加注重分类学，将化石花粉壁与现存被子植物的花粉壁进行比较。迄今为止，大多数被子植物化石花粉的透射电镜研究都是在美国、西欧/中欧和俄罗斯进行的，其他科学界的贡献有限。样品来源（国家、地区）与作者群体之间、花粉标本类型（分散与原位）与分类分辨率之间存在明显的关系。来自化石花的原位花粉通常被划分为科和属，而大多数分散的花粉被称为Incertae sedis。尽管TEM分析在确定花粉化石的分类位置和系统发育关系方面具有明显的优势，但在过去的几十年里，这方面的研究很少。为了增加对被子植物进化的理解，需要常规应用透射电镜对化石花粉进行研究。新一代的孢粉学家需要学习这种方法，从分类学的角度研究新生代被子植物花粉的努力已经过期。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of climatic factors on pollen grains development in Black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn) 气候因子对黑桤木（Alnus glutinosa）花粉粒发育的影响Gaertn)

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105429

Abdelouahab Sahli , Hassan Ennouni , Khalil Kadaoui , Mhammad Houssni , Hasnae Ben Sbih , Soufian Chakkour , Mohammed Ater

Fertile pollen is of significance for the successful propagation of plants. It is sensitive to environmental conditions, especially climatic factors. However, there is a paucity of information about the effects of climatic factors on pollen development in the Alnus genus. Alnus glutinosa is an Eurasian species with a wide geographical distribution. It has particular ecological importance in riparian ecosystems, where it plays a crucial role in soil stabilization and biodiversity maintenance. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of climatic factors on pollen development from eleven distinct populations, each characterized by a unique combination of 13 environmental factors. Fresh pollen samples were examined using three distinct viability tests: Acetocarmine staining, Lugol staining, and in vitro germination. The results revealed significant variations in pollen viability between populations. Acetocarmine staining revealed that pollen from Alnus glutinosa exhibited robust cytoplasmic integrity and an absence of significant meiotic anomalies. However, Lugol staining revealed a substantial decline in pollen viability, which can be attributed to a decrease in starch content in fresh pollen in response to elevated temperatures. Pollen germination rates were generally low and exhibited a dependence on altitude variations. Consequently, it is imperative to prioritize the investigation of the impact of warming on pollen viability and the sexual reproduction of forest plants, as they are susceptible to the adverse effects of climate change, akin to other plant species.

花粉的可育性对植物的成功繁殖具有重要意义。它对环境条件，特别是气候因素很敏感。然而，关于气候因素对桤木属花粉发育的影响的研究却很少。Alnus glutinosa是一种地理分布广泛的欧亚树种。它在河岸生态系统中具有特别的生态重要性，在土壤稳定和生物多样性维持中起着至关重要的作用。本研究的目的是评价气候因子对11个不同种群花粉发育的影响，每个种群都有13个环境因子的独特组合。用三种不同的活力测试检测新鲜花粉样品：乙酰胭脂红染色、Lugol染色和体外萌发。结果表明，不同种群间花粉活力存在显著差异。乙酰胭脂红染色表明，桤木花粉具有较强的细胞质完整性，且没有明显的减数分裂异常。然而，Lugol染色显示花粉活力明显下降，这可能是由于温度升高导致新鲜花粉中淀粉含量下降。花粉发芽率普遍较低，且与海拔变化有关。因此，研究变暖对森林植物花粉活力和有性生殖的影响是当务之急，因为森林植物与其他植物一样容易受到气候变化的不利影响。

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引用次数: 0

Modern pollen and stomatal assemblages in Northeastern China: Vegetation–climate relationships and paleoenvironmental implications 中国东北现代花粉和气孔组合：植被-气候关系及其古环境意义

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105441

Jingfan He , Chunhai Li , Shi-Yong Yu , Xiaocen Li , Beibei Li

Decades of research have revealed large uncertainties in paleoclimate reconstructions based on fossil pollen data. To address this issue, modern studies are essential for improving the understanding of the vegetation–climate relationship. In this study, a total of 45 modern surface soil samples were collected along an east–west precipitation gradient and a north–south temperature gradient in Northeast China. These samples were analyzed to investigate modern pollen–vegetation, stomata–parent plant, and pollen–climate relationships. Using Redundancy Analysis (RDA) and random forest modeling, we found that pollen assemblages can effectively distinguish different vegetation types. Furthermore, stomata analysis demonstrated that Pinus and Larix stomata can reliably indicate the local presence of their parent plants. Both RDA and random forest models identified that the mean air temperature of the coldest month was the primary climatic parameter influencing coniferous pollen distribution, while annual precipitation was the dominant factor controlling herb pollen distribution. This study demonstrates that combining pollen assemblages with stomata analysis can remarkably improve the accuracy of vegetation reconstruction in northeastern China, with coniferous and herb pollen serving as reliable respective indicators of coldest month temperature and annual precipitation.

几十年的研究表明，基于化石花粉数据的古气候重建存在很大的不确定性。为了解决这一问题，现代研究对于提高对植被-气候关系的认识至关重要。本研究在东北地区沿东西降水梯度和南北温度梯度采集了45个现代表层土壤样品。对这些样本进行分析，以探讨现代花粉-植被、气孔-亲本植物和花粉-气候的关系。利用冗余分析（RDA）和随机森林模型，我们发现花粉组合可以有效区分不同的植被类型。此外，气孔分析表明，松木和落叶松的气孔可以可靠地指示其亲本植物在当地的存在。RDA模型和随机森林模型均发现，最冷月份的平均气温是影响针叶树花粉分布的主要气候参数，而年降水量是影响草本植物花粉分布的主导因素。本研究表明，将花粉组合与气孔分析相结合可以显著提高东北地区植被重建的准确性，针叶花粉和草本花粉分别作为最冷月温度和年降水量的可靠指标。

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引用次数: 0

Preliminary cuticular studies on plant remains from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of NW Jordan 西北约旦中侏罗统（Bathonian）植物遗存的初步表皮研究

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105437

Hong-Yu Chen , Abdallah Abu Hamad , Yong-Dong Wang , Dieter Uhl

The allochthonous macroflora of the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Arda Formation in Northwest Jordan has previously been described based on morphological features of plant remains, without reference to microstructures (i.e., cuticles). This study examines seven types of cuticle from the same flora, all of which belong to gymnosperms. The identified cuticles include bennettitaleans (Otozamites sp. and Bennettitales spp.), and conifers (scale-leaved conifer and probably conifers with longitudinally arranged stomatal rows). The discovery of cuticles provides the first record of conifers in the Middle Jurassic flora of NW Jordan, filling a gap in the previous knowledge. The macroflora, comprising sphenophytes, ferns, bennettitaleans, and conifers (including scale-leaved conifers), shows strong similarities to other Jurassic floras in the Middle East, particularly resembling that of the Middle Jurassic Imran Formation of Makhtesh Ramon in the Negev (Southern Israel). These additions to the known facts about the floral assemblage by microstructural analyses significantly provide more information to support existing reconstructions of the palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic conditions in NW Jordan during the Middle Jurassic.

约旦西北部中侏罗统（Bathonian） Arda组的异域大型植物区系以前是基于植物遗骸的形态学特征而没有参考微观结构（即角质层）来描述的。本研究研究了来自同一植物区系的七种角质层，它们都属于裸子植物。已鉴定的角质层包括针叶树（Otozamites sp.和Bennettitales sp.）和针叶树（鳞叶针叶树和可能具有纵向排列气孔排的针叶树）。角质层的发现提供了约旦西北部中侏罗世针叶树区系的第一个记录，填补了以往认识的空白。大型植物区系包括蕨类植物、蕨类植物、贝尼蒂塔科植物和针叶树（包括鳞片叶针叶树），与中东的其他侏罗纪植物区系非常相似，特别是与内盖夫（以色列南部）Makhtesh Ramon的中侏罗世Imran组的植物区系相似。这些通过显微结构分析对植物组合的已知事实的补充，为支持中侏罗世约旦西北部古环境和古气候条件的现有重建提供了更多的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Revolutionizing forensic investigations through AI-driven pollen analysis: A narrative review 通过人工智能驱动的花粉分析革新法医调查：叙述性回顾

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105440

Lina Bhoyar , Bhavya Srivastava

Pollen and spore analysis, known as forensic palynology, supports criminal investigations but is hindered by manual identification, slow processing, labor-intensive methods, and human errors, restricting its application. Integrating AI offers the potential to enhance precision, efficiency, and data management. This review explores the use of AI to automate pollen grain identification for forensic purposes through machine learning, image recognition, and big data analytics. Deep learning methods, particularly CNN-based architectures, have significantly advanced automated pollen grain classification, achieving accuracies exceeding 97–99% with large, diverse, and well-curated datasets. Studies highlight that dataset size, preprocessing quality, and robust validation protocols critically influence model performance and generalizability across real-world scenarios. Despite this promise, major challenges remain, including the scarcity of large and labeled datasets, limited transferability to degraded or mixed samples, and the pressing need for transparent, explainable outputs to ensure forensic admissibility. This paper explores the potential of AI to enhance forensic palynology, specifically in improving the speed and accuracy of pollen analysis in criminal cases. Immediate priorities include the development of standardized open reference datasets, rigorous validation protocols, and the integration of explainable AI frameworks that align with evidentiary standards. Further development of AI and its application in forensic palynology can hone investigative techniques, and then AI can become vital in developing forensic science. Progress will depend on building open reference databases, adopting rigorous validation protocols, and embedding explainable AI to meet evidentiary standards.

花粉和孢子分析，被称为法医孢粉学，支持刑事调查，但受到人工鉴定、处理缓慢、劳动密集型方法和人为错误的阻碍，限制了其应用。集成人工智能提供了提高精度、效率和数据管理的潜力。本文通过机器学习、图像识别和大数据分析，探讨了人工智能在法医鉴定中的应用。深度学习方法，特别是基于cnn的架构，已经显著推进了花粉颗粒的自动分类，在大型、多样化和精心管理的数据集上，准确率超过97-99%。研究强调，数据集大小、预处理质量和稳健的验证协议对模型的性能和在现实世界场景中的可泛化性有重要影响。尽管前景光明，但主要挑战仍然存在，包括缺乏大型和标记的数据集，对降解或混合样本的可转移性有限，以及迫切需要透明、可解释的输出以确保法医可采性。本文探讨了人工智能增强法医孢粉学的潜力，特别是在提高刑事案件中花粉分析的速度和准确性方面。当务之急包括开发标准化的开放参考数据集、严格的验证协议，以及整合符合证据标准的可解释的人工智能框架。人工智能的进一步发展及其在法医孢粉学中的应用可以磨练调查技术，从而使人工智能在法医科学的发展中发挥重要作用。进展将取决于建立开放的参考数据库，采用严格的验证协议，以及嵌入可解释的人工智能以满足证据标准。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating Quercus pollen as a valuable archive of past UV-B levels in the Central Mediterranean: Insights from comparative infrared spectroscopy analyses 评价栎花粉作为地中海中部过去UV-B水平的宝贵档案：来自比较红外光谱分析的见解

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105427

H. Saleh , P. Meyvisch , F. Di Rita , A. Spina , G. Margaritelli , D. Magri , M. Ghilardi , M. Alunni Cardinali , A. Di Michele

The relative abundance of ultraviolet-absorbing compounds (UACs) in pollen and spore exine increases with prolonged and higher exposure to ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation. This relationship has been extensively studied via transmission Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (transmission micro-FTIR), primarily in Lycopodium spores and airborne Pinus pollen. However, traditional transmission micro-FTIR methods are prone to infrared light scattering and interference, resulting in spectral deformations and reduced reproducibility. Additionally, bisaccate pollen, like Pinus, can travel long distances and may not accurately reflect local UV-B levels. This study compares transmission and attenuated total reflection (ATR) micro-FTIR methods to assess their reproducibility and investigates Quercus pollen as a potential local UV-B proxy in the Central Mediterranean. Samples containing fresh (in situ), trapped (in mosses), and fossilized (from Holocene sediments) pollen grains were subjected to various chemical treatments, after which the macromolecular composition of single and clustered grains was characterized. Results show that ATR micro-FTIR yields significantly more reproducible data than transmission micro-FTIR, demonstrating the suitability of this method for systematic chemo-palynological studies. Quercus ilex pollen consistently display UAC-related absorption bands across modern and fossil samples, and treatment with hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and sodium hydroxide does not significantly alter these signatures. A comparison with fresh and trapped Q. cerris and Q. pubescens pollen further supports these findings. These results suggest that relative UAC concentrations in modern and fossil Quercus exine likely reflect accumulated UV-B dosage, pinpointing Quercus pollen as a valuable local UV-B proxy for reconstructing past UV-B levels in the Central Mediterranean.

花粉和孢子外皮中紫外线吸收化合物（UACs）的相对丰度随暴露于紫外线B （UV-B）辐射的时间延长而增加。这种关系已经通过透射傅里叶变换红外微光谱（transmission micro-FTIR）进行了广泛的研究，主要是在石松孢子和空气中的松花粉中。然而，传统的透射显微ftir方法容易受到红外光的散射和干扰，导致光谱变形，再现性降低。此外，像松属植物一样的双花花粉可以长距离传播，可能无法准确反映当地的UV-B水平。本研究比较了透射和衰减全反射（ATR）微傅里叶变换红外（ftir）方法的可重复性，并研究了栎花粉作为地中海中部地区潜在的UV-B代用物的可能性。对新鲜（原位）、捕获（苔藓中）和化石（来自全新世沉积物）花粉颗粒进行了不同的化学处理，然后对单个和簇状花粉颗粒的大分子组成进行了表征。结果表明，ATR微傅里叶红外比透射微傅里叶红外产生的可重复性数据要高得多，表明该方法适用于系统的化学孢粉学研究。在现代和化石样品中，栓皮栎花粉始终显示出与uac相关的吸收带，盐酸、氢氟酸和氢氧化钠处理不会显著改变这些特征。对新鲜花粉和捕获花粉的比较进一步支持了这些发现。这些结果表明，现代和化石栎皮中的相对UAC浓度可能反映了累积的UV-B剂量，确定栎花粉是重建地中海中部过去UV-B水平的有价值的当地UV-B代理。

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引用次数: 0

Paleobotanical insights from the Santa Clara Arriba Formation (Anisian, Middle Triassic, Cuyana Basin, West Gondwana) 圣克拉拉Arriba组古植物学研究（西冈瓦纳奎亚纳盆地中三叠世安尼西亚期）

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105449

Tomas Ezequiel Pedernera , Cecilia Andrea Benavente

The Santa Clara Arriba Formation is an Anisian unit representing a lacustrine deltaic depositional setting that forms part of the El Peñasco Group Santa Clara sub-basin (Cuyana Basin, Mendoza, Argentina). The objective of this contribution is to present new plant fossil findings and a preliminary taphonomic evaluation of the Santa Clara Arriba Formation. It also includes a comparison and analysis of the paleobotanical record of the Santa Clara Arriba Formation with other units of the El Peñasco Group and Anisian units in Argentina. The plant fossil assemblage of the Santa Clara Arriba Formation comprises Equisetales (Equisetales indet.), Osmundales (Cladophlebis spp.), Marattiales (Danaeopsis sp.), Umkomasiales (Fanerotheca cf. papilioformis), Peltaspermales (Peltaspermum spp.), Coniferales (Pagiophyllum sp.), and gymnosperms of uncertain affinity (undeterminated leaves, ?Cordaicarpus sp., ovules/seeds, and strobili). Remains were recorded in delta-plain facies, and their preservation is attributed to rapid sedimentation and a persistent high-water table. The plant paleocommunities are interpreted as forests dominated by gymnosperms, and an understory comprising Osmundales, and Marattiales, while Equisetales formed riparian communities along water margins. The taxonomic composition of the assemblage is consistent with other Triassic floras from the region. The Santa Clara Arriba Formation provides a valuable opportunity to elucidate the relationship between Anisian vegetation and climate in Gondwana, owing to its paleogeographic setting, well-preserved fossil record, and robust geochronological framework.

圣克拉拉Arriba组是一个代表湖泊三角洲沉积环境的阿尼西亚单元，是El Peñasco群圣克拉拉子盆地（阿根廷门多萨圭亚那盆地）的一部分。这篇文章的目的是介绍新的植物化石发现和对圣克拉拉阿里巴组的初步地语学评价。本文还将圣克拉拉Arriba组的古植物学记录与阿根廷El Peñasco组和Anisian组的其他单元进行了比较和分析。圣克拉拉Arriba组的植物化石组合包括Equisetales (Equisetales indet.), Osmundales (Cladophlebis spp.), Marattiales (Danaeopsis sp.), Umkomasiales (Fanerotheca c.papilioformis), Peltaspermales (Peltaspermum spp.), Coniferales （Pagiophyllum sp.）和不确定亲和力的裸子植物(未确定的叶子，？心形花序，胚珠/种子，和球果)。在三角洲-平原相中记录了遗迹，它们的保存归因于快速沉积和持续的高水位。植物古群落被解释为以裸子植物为主的森林，以及一个由裸子植物和马属植物组成的林下植物群落，而马属植物沿着水边形成了河岸群落。该组合的分类组成与该地区其他三叠纪植物区系一致。圣克拉拉Arriba组由于其古地理环境、保存完好的化石记录和健全的年代学框架，为阐明冈瓦纳地区阿尼西亚植被与气候之间的关系提供了宝贵的机会。

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引用次数: 0

Ilex subg. Prinos (Aquifoliaceae) from the upper Miocene of Beihai, low-latitude China: New insights for phylogeny 冬青属植物subg。中国低纬度北海中新世上部水仙花属：系统发育的新认识

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105444

Bingshan Niu , Qijia Li , Hui Jia , Jianhua Jin , Cheng Quan

The holly family (Aquifoliaceae) is a monogeneric taxon comprising highly diverse species of Ilex (> 600 species), predominantly distributed in warm, humid regions. However, the phylogeny of Ilex and the evolutionary differentiation of its subgenera, i.e., Ilex subg. Ilex, I. subg. Prinos, and I. subg. Byronia, remain challenging partly due to limited fossil constraints of each subgenus. Previous phylogenetic study was only anchored by the of Ilex subg. Ilex, which is not sufficient to calibrate the differentiation of all subgenera. Here, we report the fossil leaves of Ilex subg. Prinos from the late Miocene Foluo Formation of Beihai, Guangxi, low-latitude China. The fossils are characterized by elliptic leaf in shape with slight serrations on the leaf margin except for the leaf base. The venation is pinnate with secondary veins of 7–8 pairs, while the tertiaries are mixed percurrent. Anatomically, the leaves are hypostomatic with wart-like structures and cyclocytic stomata. Importantly, the anticlinal walls are straight in both upper and lower epidermises. This is the earliest known fossil Ilex subg. Prinos so far, providing a new insight for molecular clock analyses.

冬青科是冬青属的一个单属分类单元，由高度多样化的冬青种组成（约600种），主要分布在温暖潮湿的地区。然而，对冬青的系统发育及其亚属（即冬青亚属）的进化分化进行了研究。Ilex, i, subg。普林诺斯和我。由于每个亚属的化石限制有限，拜伦亚属仍然具有挑战性。以往的系统发育研究仅以冬青亚群为基础。这不足以校准所有亚属的分化。本文报道了冬青属植物的叶化石。中国低纬度广西北海晚中新世洛罗组中的巨象。叶形椭圆形，除叶基外叶缘有轻微锯齿。脉脉为羽状，次生脉7 ~ 8对，三级脉为混流脉。解剖上，叶下气孔，有疣状结构和环状气孔。重要的是，背斜壁在上下表皮上都是直的。这是已知最早的冬青亚属化石。到目前为止，为分子钟分析提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Characteristics of modern pollen assemblages in surface sediments of central Tibetan Plateau lakes and their implications for paleoenvironmental reconstruction

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105454

Jue Sun , Wei Chen , Min Xu , Chuanfang Jin , Lingyu Tang , Weiming Wang

The central Tibetan Plateau, situated in the transition zone between Indian monsoon and westerlies, serves as an ideal area for studying the interactions between these two major climate systems. However, only limited research on modern pollen processes in small-scale catchment within this region has constrained the interpretation accuracy of stratigraphic pollen records and the reliability of paleovegetation and paleoclimate reconstructions. This study systematically analyzed the response relationships between modern pollen assemblages and vegetation/climate using 23 surface sediment samples from Lake Cuona and Lake Zigetang, located in the alpine meadow-steppe ecotone of the central plateau. It demonstrates that Cyperaceae (Cy), Poaceae (P), Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae (C), and Artemisia (A) are the dominant components of the regional vegetation, whose pollen assemblage characteristics can effectively distinguish between alpine steppe and meadow. The variations in pollen assemblages across different vegetation types reflect a gradual moisture gradient from meadow-dominated to steppe-dominated areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals that the distribution of Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, and Artemisia pollen is primarily controlled by humidity, leading to the establishment of the Cy/(P + A + C) as a robust pollen-based humidity proxy. Application of this proxy to reconstruct regional humidity variations shows: (1) During the early Holocene, relatively humid conditions prevailed in the Lake Zigetang and Ahung Co areas, likely attributable to moisture transport by the Indian monsoon; (2) The middle Holocene witnessed complex dry-wet fluctuations in records from Lake Zigetang, Ngion Co, and Ahung Co, indicating combined influences of monsoon instability and westerly adjustments; (3) The late Holocene was characterized by generally humid conditions, likely resulting from enhanced moisture transport associated with the deepening of westerly circulation into the plateau interior.

然而，由于对该地区小尺度流域现代花粉过程的研究有限，限制了地层花粉记录的解释精度和古植被古气候重建的可靠性。本研究利用位于高原中部高寒草甸-草原交错带的措那湖和子塘湖的23个表层沉积物样本，系统分析了现代花粉组合与植被/气候的响应关系。结果表明：Cyperaceae （Cy）、Poaceae (P)、Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae (C)和Artemisia (A)是区域植被的优势成分，其花粉组合特征可以有效区分高寒草原和草甸。不同植被类型花粉组合的差异反映了从草甸为主到草原为主的湿度梯度。主成分分析（PCA）表明，苏科、禾科、藜科/苋科和蒿属花粉的分布主要受湿度控制，从而建立了Cy/(P + A + C)作为花粉湿度指标的可靠指标。应用该模型重建区域湿度变化表明：(1)全新世早期，子塘湖和阿洪错地区相对湿润，可能与印度季风的水汽输送有关；(2)全新世中期子塘湖、恩京、阿洪等地干湿波动复杂，表明季风不稳定和西风调整的综合影响；(3)晚全新世以整体湿润环境为特征，可能是西风环流向高原内部深入，水汽输送增强所致。

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引用次数: 0

The role of agroforestry yards in the diet of Melipona (Melikerria) interrupta Latreille, 1811 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in a terra-firme environment near the confluence of the Amazon and Tapajós Rivers 在亚马逊河和Tapajós河汇合处的陆地环境中，农林业工场对Melipona (Melikerria) interrupta Latreille, 1811（膜翅目，蜂科）食性的作用

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105430

Alyne Daniele Alves Pimentel , Cristiane Krug , Vanessa Holanda Righetti De Abreu , Marcos Gonçalves Ferreira

This study aimed to identify the botanical origin of Melipona interrupta honey produced in agroforestry backyards (AB) by traditional communities near the confluences of the Amazon and Tapajós Rivers. For comparison purposes, stingless beehives were installed in a secondary forest (SF) environment as well. In all, forty-four honey samples were analyzed from four meliponaries in two areas (AB1 and AB2; SF1 and SF2) between July 2021 and June 2022 in Arapixuna. In AB1, 25 pollen types were found in the honey samples and, in AB2, 22 were found. More than 50% of the pollen types found in the honey samples in the ABs were related to plants present only in the SF, indicating that the bees left the ABs and collected pollen in the SF. The main resources collected by M. interrupta for honey composition were Protium heptaphyllum present in 70% of the samples, followed by Triplaris type (68%), Psidium guajava (52%), Bellucia imperialis and Eugenia biflora (38%) and Tapirira guianensis (34%). The survey of botanical species in the ABs indicated that most plant species were fruit trees; however, the bees visited a low percentage of these plants. When analyzing the SF samples, a behavioral pattern of foraging was observed which was similar to those of the ABs. These data indicate that the two environments studied have melliferous characteristics that favor beekeeping. Moreover, ABs also have advantageous characteristics in relation to the SF, such as improved protection of colonies against invaders/theft of honey and the ease of maintenance of the colonies.

本研究旨在确定亚马逊河和Tapajós河汇合处附近传统社区农林业后院（AB）生产的Melipona interrupta蜂蜜的植物来源。为了比较，在次生林（SF）环境中也安装了无刺蜂箱。在2021年7月至2022年6月期间，总共分析了Arapixuna两个地区（AB1和AB2； SF1和SF2）四个蜜源的44份蜂蜜样本。AB1中有25种花粉类型，AB2中有22种花粉类型。在ABs中发现的蜂蜜样品中超过50%的花粉类型与仅存在于SF中的植物相关，表明蜜蜂离开ABs并在SF中收集花粉。对蜂蜜成分采集的主要资源为七叶Protium(70%)，其次为Triplaris（68%）、Psidium guajava（52%）、Bellucia imperialis和Eugenia biflora（38%）和Tapirira guianensis（34%）。植物种类调查表明，植物种类以果树为主；然而，蜜蜂造访这些植物的比例很低。结果表明，这两种环境均具有有利于养蜂的蜜蜂特征。此外，ABs还具有相对于SF有利的特性，例如更好地保护蜂群免受入侵者/盗窃蜂蜜和易于维护蜂群。

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引用次数: 0