Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology最新文献_第7页

Modern pollen and stomatal assemblages in Northeastern China: Vegetation–climate relationships and paleoenvironmental implications 中国东北现代花粉和气孔组合：植被-气候关系及其古环境意义

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105441

Jingfan He , Chunhai Li , Shi-Yong Yu , Xiaocen Li , Beibei Li

Decades of research have revealed large uncertainties in paleoclimate reconstructions based on fossil pollen data. To address this issue, modern studies are essential for improving the understanding of the vegetation–climate relationship. In this study, a total of 45 modern surface soil samples were collected along an east–west precipitation gradient and a north–south temperature gradient in Northeast China. These samples were analyzed to investigate modern pollen–vegetation, stomata–parent plant, and pollen–climate relationships. Using Redundancy Analysis (RDA) and random forest modeling, we found that pollen assemblages can effectively distinguish different vegetation types. Furthermore, stomata analysis demonstrated that Pinus and Larix stomata can reliably indicate the local presence of their parent plants. Both RDA and random forest models identified that the mean air temperature of the coldest month was the primary climatic parameter influencing coniferous pollen distribution, while annual precipitation was the dominant factor controlling herb pollen distribution. This study demonstrates that combining pollen assemblages with stomata analysis can remarkably improve the accuracy of vegetation reconstruction in northeastern China, with coniferous and herb pollen serving as reliable respective indicators of coldest month temperature and annual precipitation.

几十年的研究表明，基于化石花粉数据的古气候重建存在很大的不确定性。为了解决这一问题，现代研究对于提高对植被-气候关系的认识至关重要。本研究在东北地区沿东西降水梯度和南北温度梯度采集了45个现代表层土壤样品。对这些样本进行分析，以探讨现代花粉-植被、气孔-亲本植物和花粉-气候的关系。利用冗余分析（RDA）和随机森林模型，我们发现花粉组合可以有效区分不同的植被类型。此外，气孔分析表明，松木和落叶松的气孔可以可靠地指示其亲本植物在当地的存在。RDA模型和随机森林模型均发现，最冷月份的平均气温是影响针叶树花粉分布的主要气候参数，而年降水量是影响草本植物花粉分布的主导因素。本研究表明，将花粉组合与气孔分析相结合可以显著提高东北地区植被重建的准确性，针叶花粉和草本花粉分别作为最冷月温度和年降水量的可靠指标。

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引用次数: 0

Revolutionizing forensic investigations through AI-driven pollen analysis: A narrative review 通过人工智能驱动的花粉分析革新法医调查：叙述性回顾

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105440

Lina Bhoyar , Bhavya Srivastava

Pollen and spore analysis, known as forensic palynology, supports criminal investigations but is hindered by manual identification, slow processing, labor-intensive methods, and human errors, restricting its application. Integrating AI offers the potential to enhance precision, efficiency, and data management. This review explores the use of AI to automate pollen grain identification for forensic purposes through machine learning, image recognition, and big data analytics. Deep learning methods, particularly CNN-based architectures, have significantly advanced automated pollen grain classification, achieving accuracies exceeding 97–99% with large, diverse, and well-curated datasets. Studies highlight that dataset size, preprocessing quality, and robust validation protocols critically influence model performance and generalizability across real-world scenarios. Despite this promise, major challenges remain, including the scarcity of large and labeled datasets, limited transferability to degraded or mixed samples, and the pressing need for transparent, explainable outputs to ensure forensic admissibility. This paper explores the potential of AI to enhance forensic palynology, specifically in improving the speed and accuracy of pollen analysis in criminal cases. Immediate priorities include the development of standardized open reference datasets, rigorous validation protocols, and the integration of explainable AI frameworks that align with evidentiary standards. Further development of AI and its application in forensic palynology can hone investigative techniques, and then AI can become vital in developing forensic science. Progress will depend on building open reference databases, adopting rigorous validation protocols, and embedding explainable AI to meet evidentiary standards.

花粉和孢子分析，被称为法医孢粉学，支持刑事调查，但受到人工鉴定、处理缓慢、劳动密集型方法和人为错误的阻碍，限制了其应用。集成人工智能提供了提高精度、效率和数据管理的潜力。本文通过机器学习、图像识别和大数据分析，探讨了人工智能在法医鉴定中的应用。深度学习方法，特别是基于cnn的架构，已经显著推进了花粉颗粒的自动分类，在大型、多样化和精心管理的数据集上，准确率超过97-99%。研究强调，数据集大小、预处理质量和稳健的验证协议对模型的性能和在现实世界场景中的可泛化性有重要影响。尽管前景光明，但主要挑战仍然存在，包括缺乏大型和标记的数据集，对降解或混合样本的可转移性有限，以及迫切需要透明、可解释的输出以确保法医可采性。本文探讨了人工智能增强法医孢粉学的潜力，特别是在提高刑事案件中花粉分析的速度和准确性方面。当务之急包括开发标准化的开放参考数据集、严格的验证协议，以及整合符合证据标准的可解释的人工智能框架。人工智能的进一步发展及其在法医孢粉学中的应用可以磨练调查技术，从而使人工智能在法医科学的发展中发挥重要作用。进展将取决于建立开放的参考数据库，采用严格的验证协议，以及嵌入可解释的人工智能以满足证据标准。

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引用次数: 0

An illustrated key for the identification of pollen from Rajaji National Park, India 印度拉贾吉国家公园花粉鉴定的图解钥匙

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105438

Ruchita Rawat , Prabhawati Tiwari , Shivani Negi , Dinesh Singh Rawat

Accurate identification of pollen grains is fundamental to diverse fields such as palaeobotany, melissopalynology, aerobiology, and forensic science. This study presents a comprehensive illustrated key for the identification of pollen from Rajaji National Park (RNP). The park is situated in the Shivalik foothills of the Garhwal Himalaya, a region renowned for its rich floral diversity and significant ecological value. Extensive field surveys were conducted from 2021 to 2024, and polliniferous material from 302 plant species, representing 229 genera and 67 families, was collected. Pollen grains were prepared following the standard acetolysis protocol and subsequently examined using both light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on dispersal units and aperture type, the taxa were classified into 24 distinct pollen classes. An illustrated pollen identification key was developed, comprising a general key to differentiate pollen into distinct classes, followed by separate keys for each class. This key serves as a foundational reference for palynological research in Himalayan foothills. The work addresses a critical gap in regional palynological studies and contributes to strengthening pollen databases in India.

花粉粒的准确鉴定是古植物学、微生物学、空气生物学和法医学等多个领域的基础。本研究提出了一种鉴定Rajaji国家公园（RNP）花粉的综合图解密钥。该公园位于加尔瓦尔喜马拉雅山脉的Shivalik山麓，该地区以其丰富的植物多样性和重要的生态价值而闻名。从2021年到2024年进行了广泛的实地调查，收集了67科229属302种植物的传粉材料。按照标准的乙酰解方案制备花粉粒，随后使用光学显微镜（LM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行检查。根据花粉的散布单位和孔型，将其划分为24个不同的花粉类。开发了一个图解的花粉识别键，包括一个将花粉区分为不同类别的通用键，然后是每个类别的单独键。该钥匙可作为喜马拉雅山麓孢粉学研究的基础参考。这项工作解决了区域孢粉学研究中的一个关键空白，并有助于加强印度的花粉数据库。

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引用次数: 0

Preliminary cuticular studies on plant remains from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of NW Jordan 西北约旦中侏罗统（Bathonian）植物遗存的初步表皮研究

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105437

Hong-Yu Chen , Abdallah Abu Hamad , Yong-Dong Wang , Dieter Uhl

The allochthonous macroflora of the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Arda Formation in Northwest Jordan has previously been described based on morphological features of plant remains, without reference to microstructures (i.e., cuticles). This study examines seven types of cuticle from the same flora, all of which belong to gymnosperms. The identified cuticles include bennettitaleans (Otozamites sp. and Bennettitales spp.), and conifers (scale-leaved conifer and probably conifers with longitudinally arranged stomatal rows). The discovery of cuticles provides the first record of conifers in the Middle Jurassic flora of NW Jordan, filling a gap in the previous knowledge. The macroflora, comprising sphenophytes, ferns, bennettitaleans, and conifers (including scale-leaved conifers), shows strong similarities to other Jurassic floras in the Middle East, particularly resembling that of the Middle Jurassic Imran Formation of Makhtesh Ramon in the Negev (Southern Israel). These additions to the known facts about the floral assemblage by microstructural analyses significantly provide more information to support existing reconstructions of the palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic conditions in NW Jordan during the Middle Jurassic.

约旦西北部中侏罗统（Bathonian） Arda组的异域大型植物区系以前是基于植物遗骸的形态学特征而没有参考微观结构（即角质层）来描述的。本研究研究了来自同一植物区系的七种角质层，它们都属于裸子植物。已鉴定的角质层包括针叶树（Otozamites sp.和Bennettitales sp.）和针叶树（鳞叶针叶树和可能具有纵向排列气孔排的针叶树）。角质层的发现提供了约旦西北部中侏罗世针叶树区系的第一个记录，填补了以往认识的空白。大型植物区系包括蕨类植物、蕨类植物、贝尼蒂塔科植物和针叶树（包括鳞片叶针叶树），与中东的其他侏罗纪植物区系非常相似，特别是与内盖夫（以色列南部）Makhtesh Ramon的中侏罗世Imran组的植物区系相似。这些通过显微结构分析对植物组合的已知事实的补充，为支持中侏罗世约旦西北部古环境和古气候条件的现有重建提供了更多的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of climatic factors on pollen grains development in Black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn) 气候因子对黑桤木（Alnus glutinosa）花粉粒发育的影响Gaertn)

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105429

Abdelouahab Sahli , Hassan Ennouni , Khalil Kadaoui , Mhammad Houssni , Hasnae Ben Sbih , Soufian Chakkour , Mohammed Ater

Fertile pollen is of significance for the successful propagation of plants. It is sensitive to environmental conditions, especially climatic factors. However, there is a paucity of information about the effects of climatic factors on pollen development in the Alnus genus. Alnus glutinosa is an Eurasian species with a wide geographical distribution. It has particular ecological importance in riparian ecosystems, where it plays a crucial role in soil stabilization and biodiversity maintenance. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of climatic factors on pollen development from eleven distinct populations, each characterized by a unique combination of 13 environmental factors. Fresh pollen samples were examined using three distinct viability tests: Acetocarmine staining, Lugol staining, and in vitro germination. The results revealed significant variations in pollen viability between populations. Acetocarmine staining revealed that pollen from Alnus glutinosa exhibited robust cytoplasmic integrity and an absence of significant meiotic anomalies. However, Lugol staining revealed a substantial decline in pollen viability, which can be attributed to a decrease in starch content in fresh pollen in response to elevated temperatures. Pollen germination rates were generally low and exhibited a dependence on altitude variations. Consequently, it is imperative to prioritize the investigation of the impact of warming on pollen viability and the sexual reproduction of forest plants, as they are susceptible to the adverse effects of climate change, akin to other plant species.

花粉的可育性对植物的成功繁殖具有重要意义。它对环境条件，特别是气候因素很敏感。然而，关于气候因素对桤木属花粉发育的影响的研究却很少。Alnus glutinosa是一种地理分布广泛的欧亚树种。它在河岸生态系统中具有特别的生态重要性，在土壤稳定和生物多样性维持中起着至关重要的作用。本研究的目的是评价气候因子对11个不同种群花粉发育的影响，每个种群都有13个环境因子的独特组合。用三种不同的活力测试检测新鲜花粉样品：乙酰胭脂红染色、Lugol染色和体外萌发。结果表明，不同种群间花粉活力存在显著差异。乙酰胭脂红染色表明，桤木花粉具有较强的细胞质完整性，且没有明显的减数分裂异常。然而，Lugol染色显示花粉活力明显下降，这可能是由于温度升高导致新鲜花粉中淀粉含量下降。花粉发芽率普遍较低，且与海拔变化有关。因此，研究变暖对森林植物花粉活力和有性生殖的影响是当务之急，因为森林植物与其他植物一样容易受到气候变化的不利影响。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating Post-K/Pg persistence of Classopollis: Evidence from exceptionally preserved reworked Pollen in Paleogene sub and inter-Volcanic Sediments from Northern Ireland 评价Classopollis的后k /Pg持久性：来自北爱尔兰古近系亚火山和火山间沉积物中异常保存的再加工花粉的证据

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105424

Manuel Vieira , David Jolley

The Cheirolepidiaceae, an extinct family of coniferous plants that thrived during the Mesozoic Era, are well known through their distinctive Classopollis pollen. Although long thought to have declined globally during the Late Cretaceous, isolated occurrences of Classopollis in Paleocene deposits have sparked debate regarding the survival or reworking of this lineage beyond the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary. In this study, we document the occurrence of exceptionally well-preserved Classopollis pollen within Paleocene inter-volcanic sedimentary rocks of the Antrim Lava Group in Northern Ireland. Detailed morphological analyses using transmitted light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal Classopollis pollen with uniformly thick tectate exines, well-developed baculate infratectal layers, and a dense nano-spinulose supratectal ornamentation. These features can be compared with Barremian-aged English specimens and support a Cretaceous origin. Palynological assemblages also include other reworked Cretaceous taxa and clastic components derived from the underlying Ulster White Limestone Formation, a Santonian–Early Maastrichtian unit exposed within the catchment. The stratigraphic context and preservation state of the Classopollis grains suggest that they were reworked rather than representing in situ Paleocene vegetation. This study supports the interpretation that post-K/Pg occurrences of Classopollis in the Antrim Basin are best explained by sedimentary recycling of Late Cretaceous deposits, adding to the broader discussion on Cheirolepidiaceae persistence and paleoecological relict status in the Paleogene.

Cheirolepidiaceae是一个灭绝的针叶植物家族，在中生代繁荣，因其独特的Classopollis花粉而闻名。尽管人们一直认为，在晚白垩世，Classopollis在全球范围内已经减少，但在古新世沉积物中孤立出现的Classopollis引发了关于该谱系在白垩纪-古近纪（K/Pg）界限之外是否存在或改造的争论。在这项研究中，我们记录了北爱尔兰安特里姆熔岩群古新世火山间沉积岩中保存异常完好的Classopollis花粉的存在。利用透射光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对其进行了详细的形态学分析，结果显示，Classopollis花粉具有均匀厚的盾状外壁，发育良好的小管状花序，以及致密的纳米级细刺状的直肠上纹饰。这些特征可以与巴雷米亚时代的英国标本进行比较，并支持白垩纪起源。孢粉组合还包括其他经过改造的白垩纪分类群和碎屑组分，这些碎屑组分来自于下部的阿尔斯特白灰岩组，这是一个暴露在集水区的圣安东尼奥-早期马斯特里赫特单元。Classopollis颗粒的地层背景和保存状态表明它们是被重新加工过的，而不是代表古新世的原位植被。本研究支持了用晚白垩世沉积物的沉积再循环来解释Antrim盆地后k /Pg产状的解释，为进一步探讨Cheirolepidiaceae在古近系的存续和古生态遗存状态提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Palynotaxonomy of species and genera of the Cyanocladus and Trichocladus clades (Lamiaceae: Hyptidinae) 青枝和毛枝的种属分类（紫枝科：棘枝科）

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-08-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105428

Renata Jacomo Paixão de Carvalho , Raymond Mervey Harley , José Floriano Barêas Pastore , Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira Mendonça , Vania Gonçalves-Esteves

This study analyzed the pollen morphology of 22 taxa of the Cyanocladus and Trichocladus clades. The aim was to describe and characterize pollen grains and assess whether pollen morphology corroborates the recent taxonomy of the group. Only genera occurring in Brazil were studied, including Cyanocephalus (Pohl ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore (7 spp.), the endemic genus Eplingiella Harley & J.F.B.Pastore (3 spp.), Marsypianthes Mart. ex Benth. (4 spp.), Martianthus Harley & J.F.B.Pastore (3 spp.), and Medusantha Harley & J.F.B.Pastore (5 spp.). Acetolyzed pollen grains were measured, described, and photomicrographed. Non-acetolyzed pollen grains were examined by scanning electron microscopy. All taxa analyzed have pollen grains shed in monads, medium to large in size, isopolar, (4)-6-(8–10)colpate, ranging from suboblate to prolate, with a small to very small polar area. The colpi are long to very long, broad, with ornamented membranes and an acute apex, and lack distinct margins. An operculum was observed in all species of Cyanocephalus. The sexine is bireticulated in all other species and genera. The results showed that the pollen morphology of the studied genera was informative in classifying taxa and distinguishing genera, demonstrating some notable parallels with current taxonomic opinion. In principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, morphometric characteristics approximated and grouped, respectively, species of the genera Eplingiella and Martianthus. These genera exhibited great variation in pollen shape.

本研究分析了青枝门和毛枝门22个分类群的花粉形态。目的是描述和表征花粉粒，并评估花粉形态是否证实了该群体的最新分类。只研究了发生在巴西的属，包括Cyanocephalus （Pohl ex Benth.）。Harley &； J.F.B.Pastore（7种），特有属Eplingiella Harley &； J.F.B.Pastore（3种），Marsypianthes Mart。Benth交货。（4席）、马田苏斯·哈利& j.f.b.帕斯托雷（3席）和梅杜莎·哈利& j.f.b.帕斯托雷（5席）。对乙酰化的花粉粒进行测量、描述和显微照相。用扫描电镜观察未乙酰化的花粉粒。所分析的所有分类群花粉粒均以单元体形式脱落，大小从中到大，等极性，(4)-6-(8-10)colpate，从近卵圆形到长形，极面积很小到很小。鞘长到非常长，宽，具装饰的膜和一个锐尖的先端，并且缺乏明显的边缘。在所有种类的蓝头科植物中都观察到有盖。在所有其他物种和属中，性器官都是双网状的。结果表明，所研究属的花粉形态对分类群的划分和属的区分具有重要的参考价值，与目前的分类观点有显著的相似之处。在主成分分析和层次聚类分析中，分别对Eplingiella属和Martianthus属的形态特征进行了近似和分组。这些属在花粉形态上表现出很大的差异。

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引用次数: 0

Pollen morphology of Pseudanthus (Picrodendraceae) 拟蕨科植物花粉形态研究

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105426

Angelika Till , Silvia Ulrich , David J. Cantrill , Friðgeir Grímsson

This is the first comprehensive investigation on the pollen morphology of Pseudanthus, a small genus within the Picrodendraceae, comprising nine species all endemic to Australia. This study presents the pollen morphology of eight out of the nine currently accepted Pseudanthus species using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen from five of the species (incl. subspecies) are described here for the first time. Pollen from different Pseudanthus species appears alike, sharing many overlapping features, including sculpture patterns observed with both LM and SEM. However, detailed examination reveals species-specific differences such as size and aperture number, that aid in discriminating pollen of the individual species. In general, Picrodendraceae pollen is mostly isodiametric to oblate, spherical to spheroidal in shape, and either exhibits a pantoporate or stephanoporate aperture configuration, as well as echinate sculpture. Although, Pseudanthus pollen shares these morphological features, being isodiametric to slightly oblate, pantoporate, and echinate, the pollen of this genus can be differentiated from other closely related Picrodendraceae (Kairothamnus, Micrantheum, Neoroepera, Scagea, and Stachystemon) based on set of traits observed with combined LM and SEM.

本文首次对拟花属（Pseudanthus）花粉形态进行了全面的研究。拟花属是拟花科（Picrodendraceae）中的一个小属，由澳大利亚特有的9个品种组成。本文利用光镜和扫描电镜研究了目前公认的9种假花属植物中8种的花粉形态。其中5种（包括亚种）的花粉为首次报道。不同假药属植物的花粉看起来很相似，具有许多重叠的特征，包括用LM和SEM观察到的雕刻图案。然而，详细的研究揭示了物种特有的差异，如大小和孔数，这有助于区分单个物种的花粉。一般来说，Picrodendraceae花粉的形状大多为等径至扁圆，球形至球形，并表现出宽孔或深孔的孔径结构，以及刺状雕刻。虽然假花属的花粉具有等径到略平球形、泛孔状和棘刺状的形态特征，但根据LM和SEM结合观察到的一组性状，该属的花粉可以与其他密切相关的Picrodendraceae （Kairothamnus、Micrantheum、Neoroepera、Scagea和Stachystemon）区分开来。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating Quercus pollen as a valuable archive of past UV-B levels in the Central Mediterranean: Insights from comparative infrared spectroscopy analyses 评价栎花粉作为地中海中部过去UV-B水平的宝贵档案：来自比较红外光谱分析的见解

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105427

H. Saleh , P. Meyvisch , F. Di Rita , A. Spina , G. Margaritelli , D. Magri , M. Ghilardi , M. Alunni Cardinali , A. Di Michele

The relative abundance of ultraviolet-absorbing compounds (UACs) in pollen and spore exine increases with prolonged and higher exposure to ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation. This relationship has been extensively studied via transmission Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (transmission micro-FTIR), primarily in Lycopodium spores and airborne Pinus pollen. However, traditional transmission micro-FTIR methods are prone to infrared light scattering and interference, resulting in spectral deformations and reduced reproducibility. Additionally, bisaccate pollen, like Pinus, can travel long distances and may not accurately reflect local UV-B levels. This study compares transmission and attenuated total reflection (ATR) micro-FTIR methods to assess their reproducibility and investigates Quercus pollen as a potential local UV-B proxy in the Central Mediterranean. Samples containing fresh (in situ), trapped (in mosses), and fossilized (from Holocene sediments) pollen grains were subjected to various chemical treatments, after which the macromolecular composition of single and clustered grains was characterized. Results show that ATR micro-FTIR yields significantly more reproducible data than transmission micro-FTIR, demonstrating the suitability of this method for systematic chemo-palynological studies. Quercus ilex pollen consistently display UAC-related absorption bands across modern and fossil samples, and treatment with hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and sodium hydroxide does not significantly alter these signatures. A comparison with fresh and trapped Q. cerris and Q. pubescens pollen further supports these findings. These results suggest that relative UAC concentrations in modern and fossil Quercus exine likely reflect accumulated UV-B dosage, pinpointing Quercus pollen as a valuable local UV-B proxy for reconstructing past UV-B levels in the Central Mediterranean.

花粉和孢子外皮中紫外线吸收化合物（UACs）的相对丰度随暴露于紫外线B （UV-B）辐射的时间延长而增加。这种关系已经通过透射傅里叶变换红外微光谱（transmission micro-FTIR）进行了广泛的研究，主要是在石松孢子和空气中的松花粉中。然而，传统的透射显微ftir方法容易受到红外光的散射和干扰，导致光谱变形，再现性降低。此外，像松属植物一样的双花花粉可以长距离传播，可能无法准确反映当地的UV-B水平。本研究比较了透射和衰减全反射（ATR）微傅里叶变换红外（ftir）方法的可重复性，并研究了栎花粉作为地中海中部地区潜在的UV-B代用物的可能性。对新鲜（原位）、捕获（苔藓中）和化石（来自全新世沉积物）花粉颗粒进行了不同的化学处理，然后对单个和簇状花粉颗粒的大分子组成进行了表征。结果表明，ATR微傅里叶红外比透射微傅里叶红外产生的可重复性数据要高得多，表明该方法适用于系统的化学孢粉学研究。在现代和化石样品中，栓皮栎花粉始终显示出与uac相关的吸收带，盐酸、氢氟酸和氢氧化钠处理不会显著改变这些特征。对新鲜花粉和捕获花粉的比较进一步支持了这些发现。这些结果表明，现代和化石栎皮中的相对UAC浓度可能反映了累积的UV-B剂量，确定栎花粉是重建地中海中部过去UV-B水平的有价值的当地UV-B代理。

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引用次数: 0

The use of transmission electron microscopy when investigating fossil angiosperm pollen: A review and suggestions for future applications 透射电镜在被子植物花粉化石研究中的应用：综述及未来应用的建议

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105423

Silvia Ulrich , Carola Purgina , Johannes Martin Bouchal , Christian Geier , Friðgeir Grímsson

It has been more than 65 years since transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was first used to study fossil angiosperm pollen. Since then, significant progress has been made in sample preparation protocols and TEM equipment, particularly in contrasting methods used to reveal detailed ultrastructural differences in pollen walls, as well as sensitive, high-resolution cameras needed for documentation. Early TEM studies on fossil angiosperm pollen focused on determining whether ultrastructure could be used to assign palynomorphs to spore-producing plants, gymnosperms, or angiosperms. Later research became more taxonomically focused, comparing fossil pollen walls to those of extant angiosperms. Most TEM research on fossil angiosperm pollen has until now been conducted in the USA, Western/Central Europe, and Russia, with limited contributions from other parts of the scientific community. There is a clear relation between the sample origin (country, locality) and author group, and between the type of pollen specimens (dispersed versus in situ) and the taxonomic resolution. In situ pollen from fossil flowers is usually assigned to families and genera, while most dispersed pollen is noted as Incertae sedis. Despite the obvious advantages of TEM analyses for determining the taxonomic placement and phylogenetic relations of fossil pollen, little effort has been put into this subject over the last decades. To increase the understanding of angiosperm evolution, TEM investigations of fossil pollen need to be routinely applied. New generations of palynologists need to pick up on this method, and an effort to investigate Cenozoic angiosperm pollen from a taxonomic point of view is overdue.

透射电子显微镜（TEM）首次用于研究被子植物花粉化石已有65多年的历史。从那时起，在样品制备方案和TEM设备方面取得了重大进展，特别是在用于揭示花粉壁详细超微结构差异的对比方法，以及用于记录的灵敏、高分辨率相机方面。早期对被子植物化石花粉的透射电镜研究主要集中在确定超微结构是否可以用来为产孢植物、裸子植物或被子植物分配花粉形态。后来的研究更加注重分类学，将化石花粉壁与现存被子植物的花粉壁进行比较。迄今为止，大多数被子植物化石花粉的透射电镜研究都是在美国、西欧/中欧和俄罗斯进行的，其他科学界的贡献有限。样品来源（国家、地区）与作者群体之间、花粉标本类型（分散与原位）与分类分辨率之间存在明显的关系。来自化石花的原位花粉通常被划分为科和属，而大多数分散的花粉被称为Incertae sedis。尽管TEM分析在确定花粉化石的分类位置和系统发育关系方面具有明显的优势，但在过去的几十年里，这方面的研究很少。为了增加对被子植物进化的理解，需要常规应用透射电镜对化石花粉进行研究。新一代的孢粉学家需要学习这种方法，从分类学的角度研究新生代被子植物花粉的努力已经过期。

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