Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105404
Henry Hooghiemstra , Suzette G.A. Flantua
In the past decades, numerous studies have focused on the morphological identification of fossil pollen grains and fern spores. This paper provides an updated compilation of regional Quaternary pollen and spore floras, categorized per continent. This list includes books, standalone papers, series under a common title, textbooks, and open access electronic pollen reference collections available at websites. Regional pollen floras cover diverse geographical scales, from urban areas and national parks to mountain areas and broader phytogeographical units. This update builds on the ‘World list of Quaternary pollen and spore atlases’ published in 1998, incorporating over 300 new references from 1998 to 2025, bringing the total number of references to almost 800. The quality of photographs varies much, pollen identification keys are not always provided, and some publications remain difficult to access. A thorough understanding of available printed literature and online pollen reference collections is essential for improving the accuracy of fossil pollen and spore identification.
{"title":"World list of Quaternary pollen and spore atlases, an update","authors":"Henry Hooghiemstra , Suzette G.A. Flantua","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past decades, numerous studies have focused on the morphological identification of fossil pollen grains and fern spores. This paper provides an updated compilation of regional Quaternary pollen and spore floras, categorized per continent. This list includes books, standalone papers, series under a common title, textbooks, and open access electronic pollen reference collections available at websites. Regional pollen floras cover diverse geographical scales, from urban areas and national parks to mountain areas and broader phytogeographical units. This update builds on the ‘World list of Quaternary pollen and spore atlases’ published in 1998, incorporating over 300 new references from 1998 to 2025, bringing the total number of references to almost 800. The quality of photographs varies much, pollen identification keys are not always provided, and some publications remain difficult to access. A thorough understanding of available printed literature and online pollen reference collections is essential for improving the accuracy of fossil pollen and spore identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 105404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105419
Ao Yan , Jiangyong Wang , Zhankui Bai , Xudong Liu , Qingcao Tian
Exploring the impacts of environmental changes on the peatlands evolution and vegetation succession can provide valuable insights for studying the development of wetland ecosystems, especially in arid Northwest China. This study conducted analyses of phytoliths, grain size, organic matter, and humification degree in the ARXT peatland within the Alataw Mountains, Xinjiang, and further investigated the formation, development, and vegetation dynamics of the peatland over the past 3100 years by integrating vegetation Rate-of-change (RoCs) analysis and structural equation modeling. The results indicate that the period from 3100 to 2600 cal yr BP was characterized by a shallow lacustrine environment, followed by the gradual onset of paludification and incipient peat accumulation. Between 2600 and 1000 cal yr BP, the system transitioned to a swamp environment, during which peat underwent stable development. Since 1000 cal yr BP, the peatland has been subjected to a generally cold and dry environment, leading to accelerated decomposition of organic matter and unstable peat accumulation. With the onset of lake paludification, herbaceous taxa dominated by Poaceae and Cyperaceae underwent rapid proliferation. Vegetation RoCs increased markedly during the lake paludification phase (3100–2362 cal yr BP), stabilized throughout the peat accumulation period (2362–720 cal yr BP), and rose again after 720 cal yr BP, concomitant with environmental cooling and declining peatland water levels. Driven by the joint influence of temperature and wetland hydrology, paludification emerged as the primary driver of ARXT peatland development and vegetation dynamics. Human pasture activities exerted no significant influence on vegetation changes in ARXT peatland.
探讨环境变化对泥炭地演化和植被演替的影响，可以为研究西北干旱地区湿地生态系统的发展提供有价值的见解。本研究对新疆阿拉塔山ARXT泥炭地进行了植物岩、粒度、有机质和腐殖化程度的分析，并结合植被变化率（roc）分析和结构方程模型，进一步研究了过去3100年泥炭地的形成、发展和植被动态。结果表明，3100 ~ 2600 cal yr BP为浅湖环境，随后逐渐发生泥炭化和泥炭初成期。在2600 - 1000 cal yr BP之间，系统过渡到沼泽环境，泥炭在此期间经历了稳定的发展。自1000 cal yr BP以来，泥炭地一直处于普遍寒冷干燥的环境中，导致有机质分解加速，泥炭积累不稳定。随着湖泊酸化的开始，以禾本科和苏科为主的草本类群迅速增殖。随着环境降温和泥炭地水位下降，植被碳足迹在湖泊化期（3100 ~ 2362 cal yr BP）显著增加，在泥炭堆积期（2362 ~ 720 cal yr BP）趋于稳定，在720 cal yr BP之后再次上升。在温度和湿地水文的共同影响下，淤泥化成为ARXT泥炭地发育和植被动态的主要驱动力。人类放牧活动对ARXT泥炭地植被变化无显著影响。
{"title":"Paludification-driven peatlands development and vegetation variations in Alataw Mountains, Northwest China since the Late Holocene: Insights from multiple indicators","authors":"Ao Yan , Jiangyong Wang , Zhankui Bai , Xudong Liu , Qingcao Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploring the impacts of environmental changes on the peatlands evolution and vegetation succession can provide valuable insights for studying the development of wetland ecosystems, especially in arid Northwest China. This study conducted analyses of phytoliths, grain size, organic matter, and humification degree in the ARXT peatland within the Alataw Mountains, Xinjiang, and further investigated the formation, development, and vegetation dynamics of the peatland over the past 3100 years by integrating vegetation Rate-of-change (RoCs) analysis and structural equation modeling. The results indicate that the period from 3100 to 2600 cal yr BP was characterized by a shallow lacustrine environment, followed by the gradual onset of paludification and incipient peat accumulation. Between 2600 and 1000 cal yr BP, the system transitioned to a swamp environment, during which peat underwent stable development. Since 1000 cal yr BP, the peatland has been subjected to a generally cold and dry environment, leading to accelerated decomposition of organic matter and unstable peat accumulation. With the onset of lake paludification, herbaceous taxa dominated by Poaceae and Cyperaceae underwent rapid proliferation. Vegetation RoCs increased markedly during the lake paludification phase (3100–2362 cal yr BP), stabilized throughout the peat accumulation period (2362–720 cal yr BP), and rose again after 720 cal yr BP, concomitant with environmental cooling and declining peatland water levels. Driven by the joint influence of temperature and wetland hydrology, paludification emerged as the primary driver of ARXT peatland development and vegetation dynamics. Human pasture activities exerted no significant influence on vegetation changes in ARXT peatland.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 105419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105418
Michael Krings
The fossil record of the Glomeromycota (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) from the Lower Devonian Rhynie chert of Scotland includes a wide variety of spores, most of which formed singly in the axes of land plants; only a few have been reported to occur as sporocarps. The Rhynie chert also provides ample evidence that these spores were attractive as a habitat and nutritional basis for other fungi. Here, I describe a new glomeromycotan sporocarp from the Rhynie chert, Glomites bacatus nov. sp., which consists of more than 100 glomoid spores and is completely enveloped by a peridium of tightly interlacing and interlocking hyphae with vesicle-like swellings. Both the peridium and the spores of the specimens at hand are colonized by other fungi, including chytrid-like thalli comparable to Rhizophydites bicornis. Other remains associated with the sporocarps could belong to fungus-like Oomycetes. These include stalked spherules reminiscent of chlamydospores, flask-shaped structures resembling sporangia, and a putative intercalary oogonium containing two unequal-sized oospores and subtended by a hypogynous antheridium with a fertilization tube protruding into one of the oospores. This discovery expands our knowledge of sporocarpic Glomeromycota in the Rhynie ecosystem and provides further evidence for the function of these fungi as hosts for other microbial life.
{"title":"Deciphering interfungal relationships in the 410-million-yr-old Rhynie chert: Glomites bacatus nov. sp. (sporocarp-forming Glomeromycota) and associated microfungi","authors":"Michael Krings","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fossil record of the Glomeromycota (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) from the Lower Devonian Rhynie chert of Scotland includes a wide variety of spores, most of which formed singly in the axes of land plants; only a few have been reported to occur as sporocarps. The Rhynie chert also provides ample evidence that these spores were attractive as a habitat and nutritional basis for other fungi. Here, I describe a new glomeromycotan sporocarp from the Rhynie chert, <em>Glomites bacatus</em> nov. sp., which consists of more than 100 glomoid spores and is completely enveloped by a peridium of tightly interlacing and interlocking hyphae with vesicle-like swellings. Both the peridium and the spores of the specimens at hand are colonized by other fungi, including chytrid-like thalli comparable to <em>Rhizophydites bicornis</em>. Other remains associated with the sporocarps could belong to fungus-like Oomycetes. These include stalked spherules reminiscent of chlamydospores, flask-shaped structures resembling sporangia, and a putative intercalary oogonium containing two unequal-sized oospores and subtended by a hypogynous antheridium with a fertilization tube protruding into one of the oospores. This discovery expands our knowledge of sporocarpic Glomeromycota in the Rhynie ecosystem and provides further evidence for the function of these fungi as hosts for other microbial life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 105418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105414
Henk Brinkhuis , Chiara Fioroni , Mustafa Yücel Kaya
A recent biochronostratigraphic (coccolithophorids, dinoflagellate cysts) and paleoenvironmental analysis of the hemipelagic deposits of the İhsaniye Formation, exposed along the cliffs in the Karaburun area (Black Sea coast, NW Turkey) provided new insights into the paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic evolution of the central (Para-)Tethyan region across the Eocene–Oligocene Transition (EOT). Among others, the study identified the Earliest Oligocene Stable Isotope Step (EOIS) marking the inception of Antarctica's first continental-scale ice sheets since the mid-Permian and coinciding with a major eustatic lowering, followed by the Early Oligocene Glacial Maximum (EOGM) period with its peak δ18O values. The study showed apparent (quasi) continuity of the EOT succession at Karaburun, a notion that is not a 100% obvious from the organic walled dinoflagellate cyst (or dinocyst) record. This is mainly because the iconic Eocene – earliest Oligocene taxon Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum, in coeval sections in the region quite abundant near the end of the Eocene, is virtually absent. Here, we focus on obtaining a more detailed picture of correlative secondary dinocyst and other EOT bioevents allowing an even more robust chronostratigraphic assessment of the succession, including correlation to the Italian type sections. Particularly the ranges of the (herein taxonomically revised) species Explodinium priabonensis gen. and comb. nov. and the new species Glaphyrocysta peterbijlii sp. nov. may be regarded as additional criteria to correlate EOT strata within the (Para)Tethyan realm. Combined evidence now suggests that the Karaburun section may not be as complete as previously assumed and that a small part of the succession correlative to the base of the EOGM, representing a portion of the Adi dinocyst Zone may be missing. This aspect does not affect the overall outcome and significance of the studies at Karaburun. In fact, a brief hiatus may well be driven by the major EOT sea level lowering.
{"title":"There and back again; on dinoflagellate cyst index events of the Eocene - Oligocene Transition in the (Para)Tethyan Realm","authors":"Henk Brinkhuis , Chiara Fioroni , Mustafa Yücel Kaya","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A recent biochronostratigraphic (coccolithophorids, dinoflagellate cysts) and paleoenvironmental analysis of the hemipelagic deposits of the İhsaniye Formation, exposed along the cliffs in the Karaburun area (Black Sea coast, NW Turkey) provided new insights into the paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic evolution of the central (Para-)Tethyan region across the Eocene–Oligocene Transition (EOT). Among others, the study identified the Earliest Oligocene Stable Isotope Step (EOIS) marking the inception of Antarctica's first continental-scale ice sheets since the mid-Permian and coinciding with a major eustatic lowering, followed by the Early Oligocene Glacial Maximum (EOGM) period with its peak δ<sup>18</sup>O values. The study showed apparent (quasi) continuity of the EOT succession at Karaburun, a notion that is not a 100% obvious from the organic walled dinoflagellate cyst (or dinocyst) record. This is mainly because the iconic Eocene – earliest Oligocene taxon <em>Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum</em>, in coeval sections in the region quite abundant near the end of the Eocene, is virtually absent. Here, we focus on obtaining a more detailed picture of correlative secondary dinocyst and other EOT bioevents allowing an even more robust chronostratigraphic assessment of the succession, including correlation to the Italian type sections. Particularly the ranges of the (herein taxonomically revised) species <em>Explodinium priabonensis</em> gen. and comb. nov. and the new species <em>Glaphyrocysta peterbijlii</em> sp. nov. may be regarded as additional criteria to correlate EOT strata within the (Para)Tethyan realm. Combined evidence now suggests that the Karaburun section may not be as complete as previously assumed and that a small part of the succession correlative to the base of the EOGM, representing a portion of the Adi dinocyst Zone may be missing. This aspect does not affect the overall outcome and significance of the studies at Karaburun. In fact, a brief hiatus may well be driven by the major EOT sea level lowering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 105414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105416
Thibault Durieux , Carla J. Harper , Anne-Laure Decombeix , Michael Krings
Present-day sphenophytes, i.e. the species of the genus Equisetum, are hosts to a variety of fungi. Although the Sphenophyta have a long evolutionary history and were far more diverse in the past than they are today, little is known about fungi associated with the fossil representatives of this group of free-sporing vascular plants. A permineralized Sphenophyllum stem from the early Permian Autun Basin in France contains several types of fungal remains in the xylem and periderm, including a Perexiflasca-like chytrid thallus, blastic inflations of hyphal tips resembling simple glomoid spores, basidiomycete hyphae with clamp connections, and compact, three-dimensional hyphal structures of unknown function and systematic affinity. Cell wall appositions in the periderm are evidence that at least one of the fungi colonized the stem while it was alive. A taphonomic peculiarity are trace fossils of hyphae in tracheids filled with an amber-colored to brown substance, perhaps a type of gum. This is only the second report of fungi from the aerial parts of a fossil sphenophyte. It adds to the growing body of evidence that diverse fungal communities were associated with the iconic plants of the Carboniferous and early Permian coal swamp forests.
{"title":"A rare permineralized Sphenophyllum (Sphenophyta, Sphenophyllales) stem containing abundant fungal remains from the Permian of Autun, central France","authors":"Thibault Durieux , Carla J. Harper , Anne-Laure Decombeix , Michael Krings","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Present-day sphenophytes, i.e. the species of the genus <em>Equisetum</em>, are hosts to a variety of fungi. Although the Sphenophyta have a long evolutionary history and were far more diverse in the past than they are today, little is known about fungi associated with the fossil representatives of this group of free-sporing vascular plants. A permineralized <em>Sphenophyllum</em> stem from the early Permian Autun Basin in France contains several types of fungal remains in the xylem and periderm, including a <em>Perexiflasca</em>-like chytrid thallus, blastic inflations of hyphal tips resembling simple glomoid spores, basidiomycete hyphae with clamp connections, and compact, three-dimensional hyphal structures of unknown function and systematic affinity. Cell wall appositions in the periderm are evidence that at least one of the fungi colonized the stem while it was alive. A taphonomic peculiarity are trace fossils of hyphae in tracheids filled with an amber-colored to brown substance, perhaps a type of gum. This is only the second report of fungi from the aerial parts of a fossil sphenophyte. It adds to the growing body of evidence that diverse fungal communities were associated with the iconic plants of the Carboniferous and early Permian coal swamp forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 105416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) plays a significant role on atmospheric circulation variability in the North Atlantic region, modulating the strength and the direction of the westerly winds belt and storm tracks, affecting the precipitation patterns in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Studies indicate significant variations in the mode of the NAO over the last millennium, largely driven by changes in solar forcing. Here, we present a palynological record from Lake Marmara, western Türkiye and a quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimate variables based on the variations of pollen taxa over the last 1100 years. The palynological records and paleoclimate reconstruction from Lake Marmara indicate that the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) was marked by low arboreal pollen (AP), high seasonality, and drier conditions, whereas the Little Ice Age (LIA) between ∼ 300–100 cal. yr BP was characterized by high AP, low seasonality, and wetter conditions. The results demonstrate a stronger alignment with the NAO variability over the past millennium compared to the other proxy records in Türkiye.
北大西洋涛动（NAO）对北大西洋地区大气环流变率具有重要影响，它调节了西风带和风暴路径的强度和方向，影响了东地中海地区的降水模式。研究表明，在过去一千年中，NAO的模式发生了显著变化，这主要是由太阳强迫的变化所驱动的。在此基础上，我们对基耶西部马尔马拉湖的孢粉记录进行了分析，并基于近1100年来花粉分类群的变化对古气候变量进行了定量重建。马尔马拉湖孢粉记录和古气候重建表明，中世纪暖期（MWP）表现为低树花粉（AP）、高季节性和干燥条件，而小冰期（LIA）在~ 300-100 cal. yr BP之间表现为高树花粉（AP）、低季节性和湿润条件。结果表明，与t rkiye的其他代理记录相比，过去一千年的NAO变率与NAO的一致性更强。
{"title":"A 1100-years paleovegetation and paleoclimate record from western Türkiye linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation variability","authors":"Mesut Kolbüken , Demet Biltekin , Tom Veldkamp , Bülent Arıkan , Dursun Acar","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) plays a significant role on atmospheric circulation variability in the North Atlantic region, modulating the strength and the direction of the westerly winds belt and storm tracks, affecting the precipitation patterns in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Studies indicate significant variations in the mode of the NAO over the last millennium, largely driven by changes in solar forcing. Here, we present a palynological record from Lake Marmara, western Türkiye and a quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimate variables based on the variations of pollen taxa over the last 1100 years. The palynological records and paleoclimate reconstruction from Lake Marmara indicate that the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) was marked by low arboreal pollen (AP), high seasonality, and drier conditions, whereas the Little Ice Age (LIA) between ∼<!--> <!-->300–100 cal. yr BP was characterized by high AP, low seasonality, and wetter conditions. The results demonstrate a stronger alignment with the NAO variability over the past millennium compared to the other proxy records in Türkiye.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 105417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-13DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105415
Florencia Paula Bamonte, Marcos Emanuel Echeverría, María Alejandra Marcos
To understand plant community succession; paleoenvironmental history, and to contribute to the regional knowledge base for the eastern area of the Southern Patagonian Icefield (SPIF), we present a paleoenvironmental reconstruction from the last glacial–interglacial transition to the early Holocene (18,500 to 9000 cal yr BP). This research was based on pollen and plant macrofossil analyses together with lithostratigraphy characterization from a sequence obtained at the Mallín Ciprés wetland (49°S; Southern Santa Cruz, Patagonia, Argentina). Between 18,500 and 16,000 cal yr BP, cold and arid conditions prevailed in the study area with dwarf-shrub communities dominated by Ephedra, likely under weakened Southern Westerly Winds (SWW). From 16,000 to 12,800 cal yr BP, a shift to grass-dwarf-shrub steppes occurred, along with increased moisture and expansion of Nothofagus, likely driven by stronger SWW contemporaneous with the Antarctic Cold Reversal. Between 12,800 and 9600 cal yr BP, we observe a western grass steppe with Nothofagus forest expansion, indicating warmer but relatively arid conditions under weaker westerly winds. Pilgerodendron began to establish at 10,500 cal yr BP, marking the onset of the wetland's modern dynamics. After 9600 cal yr BP, the significant spread of Nothofagus forest reflects increased moisture during early Holocene warming. This study addresses a critical gap in paleoecological knowledge of the eastern SPIF, providing insights into the influence of SWW variability, temperature fluctuations, and glacial dynamics on vegetation development between 48° and 52°S.
了解植物群落演替；本文对南巴塔哥尼亚冰原东部地区进行了从末次冰期-间冰期过渡到全新世早期（18500 ~ 9000 cal yr BP）的古环境重建，以期为该地区提供区域知识基础。本研究基于Mallín cipracimys湿地(49°S；南圣克鲁斯，巴塔哥尼亚，阿根廷)。在18500 - 16000 cal yr BP之间，研究区普遍处于寒冷和干旱的气候条件下，以麻黄属植物为主的矮灌木群落可能受到减弱的西南风（SWW）的影响。从16000到12800 cal yr BP，随着水分的增加和Nothofagus的扩张，向草矮灌木草原的转变发生了，这可能是由与南极冷逆转同时发生的更强的西南偏南驱动的。在12800 - 9600 cal yr BP之间，我们观察到西部草原与Nothofagus森林扩张，表明在较弱的西风下，气候温暖但相对干旱。早在距今10500万年，毛毛蕨就开始形成，标志着湿地现代动态的开始。在9600 calyr BP之后，Nothofagus林的显著扩张反映了全新世早期变暖期间湿度的增加。这项研究填补了SPIF东部古生态知识的一个关键空白，为48°至52°S之间SWW变率、温度波动和冰川动力学对植被发育的影响提供了见解。
{"title":"Last glacial–interglacial transition and early Holocene vegetation reconstruction: Pollen and plant macrofossil analysis from a Subantarctic forest sequence at 49°S.","authors":"Florencia Paula Bamonte, Marcos Emanuel Echeverría, María Alejandra Marcos","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To understand plant community succession; paleoenvironmental history, and to contribute to the regional knowledge base for the eastern area of the Southern Patagonian Icefield (SPIF), we present a paleoenvironmental reconstruction from the last glacial–interglacial transition to the early Holocene (18,500 to 9000 cal yr BP). This research was based on pollen and plant macrofossil analyses together with lithostratigraphy characterization from a sequence obtained at the Mallín Ciprés wetland (49°S; Southern Santa Cruz, Patagonia, Argentina). Between 18,500 and 16,000 cal yr BP, cold and arid conditions prevailed in the study area with dwarf-shrub communities dominated by <em>Ephedra</em>, likely under weakened Southern Westerly Winds (SWW). From 16,000 to 12,800 cal yr BP, a shift to grass-dwarf-shrub steppes occurred, along with increased moisture and expansion of <em>Nothofagus</em>, likely driven by stronger SWW contemporaneous with the Antarctic Cold Reversal. Between 12,800 and 9600 cal yr BP, we observe a western grass steppe with <em>Nothofagus</em> forest expansion, indicating warmer but relatively arid conditions under weaker westerly winds. <em>Pilgerodendron</em> began to establish at 10,500 cal yr BP, marking the onset of the wetland's modern dynamics. After 9600 cal yr BP, the significant spread of <em>Nothofagus</em> forest reflects increased moisture during early Holocene warming. This study addresses a critical gap in paleoecological knowledge of the eastern SPIF, providing insights into the influence of SWW variability, temperature fluctuations, and glacial dynamics on vegetation development between 48° and 52°S.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 105415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105413
Sonia C. Camina , Claudia V. Rubinstein , Anthony Butcher , Victoria J. García Muro , Gustavo Vergani , Martín Pereira
Chitinozoans from the Middle Devonian Los Monos Formation in the Tarija Basin (southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina) have been analysed from the Tacobo TCB X-1001 (TCB-1001) and Ramos R-1011 (R-1011) boreholes. While the chitinozoan assemblages from the TCB-1001 borehole have been previously published, this contribution presents a comprehensive new analysis of the R-1011 material and integrates it into a refined biostratigraphic and palaeogeographical framework. Thirty-eight cutting samples were processed, yielding specimens in eighteen samples that allowed for taxonomic classification. A total of 11 genera and 40 species of chitinozoans were identified from both boreholes. Twenty species were identified in the R-1011 borehole, including the newly described species Lagenochitina postpirum n. sp. and Ramochitina durandi n. sp. Based on an integrated biostratigraphic analysis, three local chitinozoan biozones are proposed: the late Eifelian-early Givetian Ramochitina candelariaensis–stiphrospinata Biozone, the early Givetian Ancyrochitina flexuosa–Ramochitina ramosi Biozone, and the middle Givetian Ancyrochitina cornigera–Ramochitina autasmirimense Biozone. A palaeogeographical analysis using similarity indices indicates that there were no geographic barriers within the Tarija Basin and suggests interconnections among all Western Gondwana basins. However, the results for other palaeocontinents suggest that the Western Gondwana chitinozoan fauna did not mix with other faunas worldwide.
{"title":"Middle Devonian chitinozoan assemblages of northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia: New biostratigraphic and palaeogeographical insights","authors":"Sonia C. Camina , Claudia V. Rubinstein , Anthony Butcher , Victoria J. García Muro , Gustavo Vergani , Martín Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitinozoans from the Middle Devonian Los Monos Formation in the Tarija Basin (southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina) have been analysed from the Tacobo TCB X-1001 (TCB-1001) and Ramos R-1011 (R-1011) boreholes. While the chitinozoan assemblages from the TCB-1001 borehole have been previously published, this contribution presents a comprehensive new analysis of the R-1011 material and integrates it into a refined biostratigraphic and palaeogeographical framework. Thirty-eight cutting samples were processed, yielding specimens in eighteen samples that allowed for taxonomic classification. A total of 11 genera and 40 species of chitinozoans were identified from both boreholes. Twenty species were identified in the R-1011 borehole, including the newly described species <em>Lagenochitina postpirum</em> n. sp. and <em>Ramochitina durandi</em> n. sp. Based on an integrated biostratigraphic analysis, three local chitinozoan biozones are proposed: the late Eifelian-early Givetian <em>Ramochitina candelariaensis</em>–<em>stiphrospinata</em> Biozone, the early Givetian <em>Ancyrochitina flexuosa</em>–<em>Ramochitina ramosi</em> Biozone, and the middle Givetian <em>Ancyrochitina cornigera</em>–<em>Ramochitina autasmirimense</em> Biozone. A palaeogeographical analysis using similarity indices indicates that there were no geographic barriers within the Tarija Basin and suggests interconnections among all Western Gondwana basins. However, the results for other palaeocontinents suggest that the Western Gondwana chitinozoan fauna did not mix with other faunas worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 105413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105405
Matthew S. Kent , Teuntje P. Hollaar , Will Meredith , Hendrik Nowak , Phillip E. Jardine , Wesley T. Fraser , Bas van de Schootbrugge , Barry H. Lomax
The fossil pollen and spore (sporomorph) record includes occurrences of darkened grains typically attributed to thermal maturation from geological processes. However, zones of sporomorph darkening and colour variability within samples sometimes coincide with mass extinction events. Although bimodal sporomorph coloration is relatively common, its abundance often increases markedly during such intervals. These observations have prompted alternative explanatory hypotheses suggesting either environmental stresses on parent plants or possibly reworking of sporomorphs. Here, we propose another explanation: variation in sporomorph colour and darkness may result from combustion in wildfires during large-scale ecological disturbances prior to fossilisation. To test this hypothesis, we investigate how pyrolysis might impact Lycopodium spore colour and darkness. Untreated, intact spores were combusted at temperature increments from 150 to 800 °C. We quantified spore colour by measuring red, green and blue (RGB) intensities and by converting them to Palynomorph Darkness Index (PDI) values. As well as measuring various physical attributes, we used Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine spore chemistry. As pyrolysis temperature increased, spores darkened, lost mass, and shrank. FTIR analysis revealed three distinct chemical states between non-pyrolysed spores and those heated to 375 °C. Physical changes correlated more strongly with temperature, forming different groupings than those of the chemical data, both partially explaining colour change due to pyrolysis. With these data, we establish a baseline for comparison in a future artificial thermal maturation study, which will help determine whether pre-diagenetic combustion could influence, and be preserved in, the physical and chemical properties of fossil sporomorphs.
{"title":"Simulated charcoalification of Lycopodium spores: The usefulness of spore colour and chemistry for understanding the fossil record","authors":"Matthew S. Kent , Teuntje P. Hollaar , Will Meredith , Hendrik Nowak , Phillip E. Jardine , Wesley T. Fraser , Bas van de Schootbrugge , Barry H. Lomax","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fossil pollen and spore (sporomorph) record includes occurrences of darkened grains typically attributed to thermal maturation from geological processes. However, zones of sporomorph darkening and colour variability within samples sometimes coincide with mass extinction events. Although bimodal sporomorph coloration is relatively common, its abundance often increases markedly during such intervals. These observations have prompted alternative explanatory hypotheses suggesting either environmental stresses on parent plants or possibly reworking of sporomorphs. Here, we propose another explanation: variation in sporomorph colour and darkness may result from combustion in wildfires during large-scale ecological disturbances prior to fossilisation. To test this hypothesis, we investigate how pyrolysis might impact <em>Lycopodium</em> spore colour and darkness. Untreated, intact spores were combusted at temperature increments from 150 to 800 °C. We quantified spore colour by measuring red, green and blue (RGB) intensities and by converting them to Palynomorph Darkness Index (PDI) values. As well as measuring various physical attributes, we used Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine spore chemistry. As pyrolysis temperature increased, spores darkened, lost mass, and shrank. FTIR analysis revealed three distinct chemical states between non-pyrolysed spores and those heated to 375 °C. Physical changes correlated more strongly with temperature, forming different groupings than those of the chemical data, both partially explaining colour change due to pyrolysis. With these data, we establish a baseline for comparison in a future artificial thermal maturation study, which will help determine whether pre-diagenetic combustion could influence, and be preserved in, the physical and chemical properties of fossil sporomorphs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 105405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105403
Stephen McLoughlin , Sherri Donaldson , Christian Pott , Elizabeth T. Smith
A rich Albian–Cenomanian opalised plant fossil assemblage is described from the Griman Creek Formation at Lightning Ridge in the Surat Basin, northern New South Wales, Australia. The fossils are preserved predominantly as opal casts that retain few anatomical or micromorphological epidermal details. For this reason, most fossils are difficult to assign with higher taxonomic resolution than to plant families. Nevertheless, the assemblage appears to be dominated by scale-leafed cupressacean foliage and cones, with lesser proportions of araucariacean, podocarp and possibly cheirolepidacean conifers that likely constituted the middle and upper storeys of the palaeovegetation. Understorey ferns and sphenopsids are sparse. Angiosperms are notably absent but unusual pyramidal seeds may indicate the presence of the Bennettitales-Erdtmannithecales-Gnetales group in the palaeoflora. The plant fossils are co-preserved with a broad range of terrestrial and aquatic vertebrate and invertebrate remains that collectively attest to a coastal plain setting fringing the Surat Basin embayment of the epeiric ‘Eromanga Sea’, which flooded the epicratonic Great Artesian Basin complex during the Early Cretaceous. Several plant groups are shared with broadly coeval fossil floras from eastern Australia and New Zealand reflecting a fairly typical mid-Cretaceous middle- to high-latitude austral flora, but the Lightning Ridge assemblage notably lacks delicate and broad-leafed taxa, possibly owing to preservational and sampling biases. We highlight opportunities for the study of opalised plant fossils from various other assemblages in eastern Australia and note that analysis of future collections of carefully extracted specimens from the Lightning Ridge deposits offer the potential to yield micromorphological details.
{"title":"An opalised mid-Cretaceous flora from the Griman Creek Formation at lightning ridge, eastern Australia","authors":"Stephen McLoughlin , Sherri Donaldson , Christian Pott , Elizabeth T. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A rich Albian–Cenomanian opalised plant fossil assemblage is described from the Griman Creek Formation at Lightning Ridge in the Surat Basin, northern New South Wales, Australia. The fossils are preserved predominantly as opal casts that retain few anatomical or micromorphological epidermal details. For this reason, most fossils are difficult to assign with higher taxonomic resolution than to plant families. Nevertheless, the assemblage appears to be dominated by scale-leafed cupressacean foliage and cones, with lesser proportions of araucariacean, podocarp and possibly cheirolepidacean conifers that likely constituted the middle and upper storeys of the palaeovegetation. Understorey ferns and sphenopsids are sparse. Angiosperms are notably absent but unusual pyramidal seeds may indicate the presence of the Bennettitales-Erdtmannithecales-Gnetales group in the palaeoflora. The plant fossils are co-preserved with a broad range of terrestrial and aquatic vertebrate and invertebrate remains that collectively attest to a coastal plain setting fringing the Surat Basin embayment of the epeiric ‘Eromanga Sea’, which flooded the epicratonic Great Artesian Basin complex during the Early Cretaceous. Several plant groups are shared with broadly coeval fossil floras from eastern Australia and New Zealand reflecting a fairly typical mid-Cretaceous middle- to high-latitude austral flora, but the Lightning Ridge assemblage notably lacks delicate and broad-leafed taxa, possibly owing to preservational and sampling biases. We highlight opportunities for the study of opalised plant fossils from various other assemblages in eastern Australia and note that analysis of future collections of carefully extracted specimens from the Lightning Ridge deposits offer the potential to yield micromorphological details.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 105403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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