Public Health Nursing最新文献

Aim: This study aims to examine the effect of nurses' crisis leadership on their responsibility-taking behaviors and determine whether the level of disaster-related knowledge mediates this relationship.

Methods: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational design; statistical methods, including mediating variable analysis, were applied. The sample consisted of 563 nurses working in six Hatay province hospitals devastated by the earthquakes.

Results: Crisis leadership was positively associated with nurses' taking responsibility behavior and disaster knowledge level. The level of disaster knowledge partially mediated the relationship between crisis leadership and taking responsibility.

Conclusion: This study revealed that the effect of crisis leadership on nurses' responsibility-taking behavior was strengthened by their level of disaster knowledge. This finding suggests that education and information about disaster experiences play a critical role in increasing nurses' initiative-taking capacity.

Implications for nursing practice and policies: These results highlight the need to provide comprehensive training programs and information materials for nurses to demonstrate effective leadership under disaster conditions. In addition, increasing the knowledge of nurses in the field of disaster management supports the health system in becoming more resilient to crises through policy changes and guidelines being put into practice.

US farmworkers are among the most vulnerable members of the labor force, facing hazardous working conditions and limited healthcare access. This policy analysis examines ways to improve healthcare access for farmworkers in Illinois to reduce health disparities and enhance public health. To identify viable policy options, the analysis incorporated an environmental scan, expert consultations, and a comprehensive literature review to map the healthcare landscape, reveal service gaps, and incorporate stakeholder perspectives. These options were then evaluated using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Policy Analytical Framework and Kingdon's model, which assess feasibility, public health impact, and alignment with current political conditions. Four key options emerged: increasing Medicaid access by reopening and uncapping the Health Benefits for Immigrant Adults and Seniors Programs, pursuing a Section 1332 State Innovation Waiver, establishing Medicaid billing for community health workers, and improving Medicaid reimbursement rates for Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs). Enhancing FQHC reimbursement was identified as the most feasible and impactful approach, enabling FQHCs to expand capacity, retain staff, and open new centers in underserved areas. Nurses play a critical role in advocating for equitable healthcare access. This analysis highlights the need for targeted, sustainable policy interventions to advance health equity for farmworkers.

Objective: Limited research focuses on the relationship between malnutrition and academic achievement in primary school students in Jordan. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between malnutrition indicators, including wasting, stunting, thinness, obesity, overweight, and body mass index (BMI), and academic achievement among primary school children in Jordan.

Methods: A correlational study design was used. A cluster random sample of 453 primary school children, aged 6-12 years was recruited. A structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used to measure the study variables. Academic achievement data were retrieved from school records, and malnutrition indicators were calculated using Epi Info software. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical multiple regression were used to analyze the study data.

Results: A significant portion of primary school children were found to be malnourished, with over one-third mildly malnourished, nearly one-third stunted, and more than a quarter facing moderate to severe malnutrition. The multiple regression model accounted for 28% of the variance in academic achievement, with stunting and BMI identified as significant predictors.

Conclusion: The findings emphasize the importance of early identification of malnutrition to enable timely intervention and the implementation of preventive strategies during the critical early childhood years. Policymakers should also prioritize nutritional interventions to enhance both health and academic achievement of children.

Objectives: This study examined the relationship between diabetes knowledge and self-management among Portuguese Americans with type 2 diabetes.

Method: This study included 500 Portuguese Americans with type 2 diabetes using a cross-sectional design with convenience and snowball sampling. Data were collected via an electronic survey comprising sociodemographic information, the Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test (DMKT), and the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ).

Results: The participants' mean age was 33.5. They were predominantly male (55.6%). The average disease duration was 3.98 years. Despite nearly half of the participants holding bachelor's degrees (48.2%), the mean diabetes knowledge score was moderate at 4.92 (SD ± 1.20) on a 0-10 scale, with self-management averaging 5.86 (SD ± 1.56). Age showed negative correlations with diabetes knowledge and self-management (r = -0.100, p < 0.05, r = -0.125, p < 0.01, respectively). Diabetes knowledge was positively correlated with employment and self-management (r = 0.096, r = 0.284, p < 0.01). Self-management demonstrated positive correlations with education (r = 0.154, p < 0.01), employment (r = 0.192, p < 0.01), years of residence in the United States (r = 0.111, p < 0.05, diabetes duration (r = 0.176, p < 0.01), and HbA1C levels (r = 0.201, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that factors, such as educational attainment, employment status, and lived experiences (including longer duration with diabetes and living in the United States), may influence diabetes knowledge, self-management, or both. Notably, the results emphasize that healthcare providers should recognize, when developing patient education plans, that a higher level of education does not necessarily correlate with knowledge of specific health conditions such as diabetes. Future research should explore culturally and contextually appropriate strategies, such as Portuguese-language educational materials and self-management programs, to enhance diabetes-related knowledge and self-care among Portuguese Americans.

Background: Vaccination is a highly effective method for preventing a variety of infectious diseases; however, the pain associated with vaccination in children is often overlooked. This study primarily aims to explore whether watching cartoons can reduce the pain experienced by children during vaccine injection.

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 72 children aged 1 to 6 years were recruited with parental consent. Participants were randomly assigned to either the cartoon group or the control group. The cartoon group watched a preferred cartoon video on a tablet for 10 min before and during the vaccination procedure. In contrast, the control group had a tablet screen on without cartoon for the same duration. The vaccination process was video-recorded for objective analysis. The primary outcome, pain intensity, was measured using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale, which evaluates children's pain based on observable behaviors.

Results: Children in the cartoon group exhibited significantly lower FLACC scores compared to the control group. The mean FLACC score for the cartoon group was 2.40 ± 2.05, compared to 7.10 ± 2.35 for the control group, with a highly significant difference (p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.66-5.73).

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that watching a preferred cartoon video can significantly alleviate pain during the vaccination process, thereby reducing discomfort in young children. This finding suggests that watching cartoons is a simple, effective method to mitigate vaccination-related pain and improve the overall vaccination experience for children.

Trial registration: Registration number: ChiCTR2400088897.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the variables affecting the health literacy level and attitude towards cancer screening in individuals between the ages of 30 and 70 and to determine the effect of health literacy level on the attitude towards cancer screening.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 800 participants. Data were collected through self-reporting using the Personal Characteristics Information Form, the Turkish Health Literacy Scale, and the Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening.

Results: The study revealed that scores on the Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening varied significantly based on age, educational level, income status, presence of health insurance, history of cancer screening (p < 0.001), confirmed cancer diagnosis, gender (p = 0.001), and presence of chronic illness (p = 0.005). Similarly, Turkish Health Literacy Scale scores differed significantly according to age, marital status, place of residence, educational level, income, chronic illness status (p < 0.001), and gender (p = 0.002). Furthermore, the Turkish Health Literacy Scale score was identified as a significant predictor of the Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening score. (β = 0.423, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Higher health literacy was associated with a positive attitude towards cancer screening. Nurses can contribute to the development of a positive attitude towards cancer screening in society through counseling and training initiatives to increase health literacy.

Background: Chronic pain and depression are very common in the elderly population and have a profound impact on quality of life. However, studies specifically focusing on the elderly female population are relatively scarce, especially in the Chinese cultural context, where elderly women may face greater psychological pressure due to their social roles, such as family care, which increases the risk of depression. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between chronic pain and depression in Chinese elderly women.

Materials and methods: This study was based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and collected basic characteristics and information on chronic pain and depression status of elderly Chinese women aged 60 and above. Chronic pain conditions were assessed by self-report, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between chronic pain and the risk of depressive symptoms, adjusting for main covariates associated with depression in elderly women.

Results: Of the 7215 subjects analyzed at baseline, the mean age of participants was 62.1 years (SD 9.7). Two thousand nine hundred and twenty-five (40.5%) participants were classified as chronic pain and 3550 (49.2%) as depressive symptoms. After adjusting for age and BMI, the risk of developing depression for subjects with chronic pain was 1.133 times higher compared to those without chronic pain (OR 1.133, 95% CI 1.029-1.246; p = 0.011). Further adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioral lifestyle, and health-related factors only slightly weakened this association (OR 1.125, 95% CI 1.024-1.236; p = 0.014).

Conclusion: This study revealed a significant association between chronic pain and depressive symptoms in elderly Chinese women, supporting the use of chronic pain screening as an effective tool to identify individuals at high risk of depression, with advantages of low cost and easy implementation.

Objective: We explored Screen Time (ST)'s effects on sleep and quality of life (QOL) in adolescents.

Methods: Data collected, in February-May 2021, from 2000 students aged 12-19, includes the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and STs on television (TV) (st_tv), TV-linked devices (st_tvd), laptops (st_lap), smartphones (st_smp), and in bed (st_bed), and QOL using the KINDL^R questionnaire.

Results: Direct effects of ST on Sleep included st_tv and st_lap on four sleep domains during weekdays; st_tv, st_tvd, and st_lap on three sleep domains during weeknights; st_lap and st_smp on four sleep domains on weekends; and st_bed on all sleep domains, except medication. Direct effects of ST on QOL domains included st_lap on general feeling on weekdays; st_tv on self-esteem, st_tvd on friends and physically, and st_lap on family and physically on weeknights; st_tv on school, st_lap on family, friends, and physical wellbeing, and st_smp and st_bed on all QOL scales on weekends. In overall, st_bed showed the highest effect on QOL, followed by st_smp and st_lap.

Conclusions: It highlights the need for ST-related campaigns whereby public health nurses, especially school nurses and community nurses, may play a leading role together with parents and teachers to minimize effects on sleep and QoL.

Objectives: Characteristics and perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of governmental public health nurses were compared to all registered nurses.

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive design using data from the 2022 Wisconsin RN Workforce Survey.

Sample: The sample included 87,100 registered nurses, including 1350 governmental public health nurses.

Measurements: The online survey was administered during February 2022. Responses to "Working as a nurse" and "Primary place of work" were used to classify governmental public health nurses. Data elements included demographics, employment, income, education, specialized knowledge, certifications, and COVID-19 pandemic measures.

Results: Compared to all registered nurses, governmental public health nurses reported older age, greater race/ethnic diversity, and higher frequency of the baccalaureate as the highest degree. Most governmental public health nurses reported no plans for additional education. Income for governmental public health nurses lagged income for all registered nurses. The proportion of governmental public health nurses intending to remain in their present type of work for fewer than 10 years was higher than for all registered nurses, as was the proportion of governmental public health nurses who rated their overall health as "worse or much worse" than before the pandemic.

Conclusion: This analysis raises concerns about the size and preparation of the governmental public health nurse workforce given ongoing population health disparities and future health threats.

Aim: The primary aim of the study was to explore the impact of women's climate change awareness on fertility desire, while the secondary aim was to explore the factors influencing women's fertility desire.

Material and methods: The study was performed descriptive and correlational type with 440 women without children between March and October 2023. The women's characteristics form and Fertility Desire Scale and Climate Change Awareness Scale were used for data collection.

Results: The mean age of the women was 26.2 ± 4 years, with 55.2% aged 26 or younger; 54.3% held university degrees, and 93% had health insurance. Findings indicate a significant mean total score of 50.7 ± 7.6 on the Fertility Desire Scale, influenced by education, health insurance, income level, marital duration, and type of marriage. Women with higher education levels and those in couple-initiated marriages reported lower fertility desire. The Climate Change Awareness Scale showed a mean score of 210.8 ± 23.2, with higher awareness among those over 26, employed, and with higher education. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed significant predictors of fertility desire, including marital duration and income level. Notably, climate change awareness negatively correlated with fertility desire, explaining 3.1% of the variance.

Conclusions: These findings highlight the complex interplay between environmental concerns and reproductive intentions among women, indicating a need for further research in this area.