Psychology Health & Medicine最新文献

Burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a diminished sense of personal accomplishment, has become an increasingly pressing issue in recent years. The current research aimed to clarify whether empathy is associated with higher or lower levels of burnout as measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and to explore whether this relationship depends upon the nature of the empathic construct (cognitive, compassion, or contagion) being assessed. Through a systematic review of existing literature, we obtained 73 usable articles (79 samples), representing 20 595 participants. Overall, higher empathy was significantly associated with lower emotional exhaustion, Hedges's g = -0.10 (95%CI [-.16, -.03], p = .005), and lower depersonalization, Hedges's g = -0.28, (95%CI [-.37, -.20, p < .001). Higher empathy was also associated with significantly greater personal accomplishment, Hedges's g = 0.37, (95%CI [.28, .45], p < .001). These main effects were moderated by the empathy construct: Cognitive empathy and Compassion were associated with lower burnout symptoms, whereas emotional Contagion was associated with higher burnout symptoms. These results were consistent across healthcare and non-healthcare professionals. Overall, other-oriented empathy constructs appear protective against burnout, while self-oriented empathy constructs may be a risk factor. Thus, practitioners need not avoid trying to understand or feel compassion for their patients but may wish to avoid mirroring their patients' feelings.

Several systematic reviews have been published on psychosocial care interventions (PCIs) in cancer care. However, there are limited systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) on the effectiveness of PCIs in cancer care for adults patients in low- and-middle income countries (LMICs). This study aimed at synthesizing the available evidence on the effectiveness of PCI in improving the quality of life (QoL) of adult cancer patients in LMICs. We registered the protocol with PROSPERO (ID: CRD4202342156) before conducting this SRMA. Studies published between 2002 and 2023 were searched from MEDLINE, Web of Science, EmBASE and APA PsycINFO. We followed the standard guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Results of the pooled studies were analysed using MedCalc version 10.10 statistical software. Twenty-six intervention studies were included in this SRMA. The Eastern Mediterranean WHO region had the highest number of studies and Africa region had the least. Most studies utilised Cognitive Behavioural therapy-related interventions (38%, n = 10 studies), while Family systems therapy 4% (n = 1) was the least utilised. From the subgroup analyses of the means and standard deviations of domains of QoL in the pooled primary studies, the respective standardized mean differences indicated that the PCIs had a significant positive effect on the physical (0.972: p = 0.002), social (0.884: p = 0.005) and psychological (0.590: p = 0.03) domains of QoL of adult cancer patients. However, some PCIs did not improve the QoL of study participants. Generally, PCIs effectively improved most domains of the QoL of adult cancer patients. However, more research is needed for PCIs that had a negative effect on some domains of the QoL of cancer patients. Lastly, there is need for LMICs to prioritise resources to strengthen the integration of psychosocial care interventions in cancer care to meet the different QoL sub-domains of patients with cancer.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), affecting 25-30% of adults globally, is strongly associated with depression, compounding morbidity and mortality. Despite their bidirectional relationship, tools to identify MASLD patients at high depression risk remain limited. This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for depression in MASLD using nationally representative data. Using 2017-2023 NHANES data, 6,107 MASLD participants were analyzed. Depression was defined as Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores ≥10. LASSO regression with 10-fold cross-validation identified predictors, followed by multivariable logistic regression to construct a nomogram. Model performance was evaluated via area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Ten predictors were retained: younger age, female gender, never-married status, low family poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), smoking, diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and platelet count. The model demonstrated robust discrimination (training set AUC = 0.733; testing set AUC = 0.758), excellent calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow p > 0.05), and clinical utility across threshold probabilities < 40-50%. Socioeconomic factors (low PIR) and comorbidities (arthritis, CVD, COPD) showed strong associations with depression risk. This nomogram-based tool effectively stratifies depression risk in MASLD patients, integrating demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables. It offers clinicians a practical screening instrument for early psychological intervention, addressing the intertwined burden of metabolic and mental health disorders. Implementation could enhance holistic care and reduce adverse outcomes in this high-risk population.

In the evolving global landscape, developing innovative abilities has become the new goal of higher education in the world. Within this framework, universities face a significant task of developing training models that cultivate top innovative minds, so that these individuals acquire the skills needed to face complex challenges in modern times. This study employed a cross-sectional analysis involving sample size of 340 randomly selected students majoring in the Humanities field in Guangxi province, China. Here, data is collected using validated instruments measuring key constructs, including Course Design and Teaching Methods, Educational Philosophy, Educational Resources and Environment, and Faculty Development on Teaching Effectiveness. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated good model fit with indices of CFI = 0.971, RMSEA = 0.035, SRMR = 0.037, and GFI = 0.905. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that Course Design and Teaching methods significantly mediated the relationship between educational environment factors and talent quality with standardized path coefficients of ${\chi }^2$ = 549.686, p < 0.261, and ${\chi }^2/\mathrm{df}$ = 1.409. These findings support the hypothesis framework highlighting the critical role of teaching effectiveness in enhancing talent development within the New Humanities educational context. Implications for educational practice and policy in Guangxi universities are discussed. Results of mediation analysis confirmed that the connection amongst the training factors and Teaching Effectiveness is fully mediated by Critical Factors in Training Models. Descriptive statistics show high internal consistency and good convergent validity. The study finds that well-designed teaching methods are more critical for enhancing Teaching Effectiveness, while other factors, although relevant, are less important.

The growing focus on palliative care for terminally ill patients, such as those with advanced cancer and AIDS, has intensified the debate over euthanasia, or 'mercy killing'. This issue is increasingly relevant as both developed and developing countries, including India, see rising numbers of severely ill patients facing complex medical, emotional, and existential challenges. The legal and moral aspects of euthanasia remain controversial in India highlighting the need for a detailed examination of this topic. This review explores euthanasia from historical, legal, cultural, and clinical perspectives, emphasizing the significant regional variations in approach and the ethical, legal, and medical issues involved. Socio-cultural and legal factors further complicate the debate in India, leading to growing support for passive euthanasia despite existing restrictions. The review also considers the unique challenges of euthanasia in psychiatric conditions, underscoring the importance of stringent criteria and comprehensive evaluations.

This study aims to test the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) in Turkish chronic pain patients and examine the moderating role of interpersonal self-construal in the relationship between IPTS constructs and suicidal ideation severity. We used hierarchical regression analysis in a cross-sectional study involving 223 individuals with chronic pain conditions (195 females, 28 males; mean age = 40.08 years). Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) served as the criterion variable, with both general and pain-specific predictors as independent variables. After adjusting for other risk factors, perceived burdensomeness (PB) emerged as a significant predictor of suicidal ideation severity, while thwarted belongingness (TB) did not demonstrate similar predictive power. Contrary to the theory's assumption, the interaction between PB and TB did not uniquely contribute to the severity of suicidal ideation. Furthermore, while a positive association was observed between pain threshold and acquired capability for suicide, this association did not hold for pain intensity and acquired capability. Additionally, interdependent self-construal did not moderate the relationship between IPTS constructs and suicidal ideation severity. Despite cultural variations, IPTS mechanisms operate similarly among Turkish chronic pain patients, underscoring its potential in understanding suicidality within this group. Ongoing research is needed to explore the interaction between cultural, psychological, and social factors influencing suicidal behavior among individuals with chronic pain.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with an increased risk of substance use during adolescence. However, most prevention efforts target youth with known childhood adversities who are receiving services in clinical or service programs, not in public settings such as schools. Moreover, research on the relationship between ACEs and substance use, as well as on the effectiveness of prevention strategies to mitigate the impact of ACEs on substance use, remains limited in East Asian countries, including Taiwan. This study aimed to address existing research gaps by examining the effects of a universal, school-based intervention on substance use outcomes among adolescents. Specifically, the study sought to examine the moderating effects that a life-skills intervention program, the Positive Interpersonal and Life Skills Training (PILOT), had on Taiwanese middle school adolescents with ACEs, assessing the program's impact on their level of substance use-related knowledge, attitudes, and skills. A total of 257 students from two middle schools in Taiwan participated in the study during the spring and fall of 2023. Of these, 139 students received the 8-module PILOT program integrated into their regular school curriculum, while 118 students received the standard curriculum. Participants completed pre-test and post-test questionnaires assessing ACEs and substance use prevention outcomes. The results indicate that ACEs were significantly associated with reduced substance-use-related knowledge among participants. The findings further confirmed the effectiveness of life skills-based interventions in enhancing substance use-related knowledge among Taiwanese middle school students. Notably, the PILOT program demonstrated a significant moderating effect, improving substance use-related knowledge among students with higher ACE exposure. In conclusion, life skills-based interventions can mitigate the negative impact of ACEs on adolescents' substance use prevention knowledge, which highlights the potential of universal, school-based life skills programs to serve as protective buffers for adolescents facing adversity.

Virtual reality technology has been widely applied in the field of mental health research. However, to date, no study has employed bibliometric methods to systematically analyze the application of virtual reality in mental health. By searching the Web of Science Core Collection, we have summarized the top 100 cited papers in this field and conducted the first bibliometric study on mental health and virtual reality using CiteSpace. The results indicate that this area has received considerable attention. The United States stands out as the most influential country. The University of London and Emory University are the leading contributing institutions. Rothbaum BO is the most productive author, and Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, is the journal with the most publications in this area. The primary focus of research in this domain is on virtual reality therapy for mental disorders, especially virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. These findings may help researchers understand the current state and future trends in the field of mental health and virtual reality.

The study aimed to investigate the correlation between state anxiety levels and anticipated levels of hopelessness in the future of the Turkish earthquake victims. This study adopted a cross-sectional design. The sample comprised 215 individuals who were victims of the Kahramanmaraş earthquake on 6 February 2023. Participants were administered the State Anxiety Inventory and Beck Hopelessness Scale through face-to-face and online surveys. The relationship between the utilized scales was explored through Pearson correlation and linear regression (stepwise) analyses. The participants exhibited a high state-anxiety score, while their mean hopelessness score was medium. A weak positive correlation (r = 0.495; p < .05) was identified between the participants' total hopelessness score and state anxiety. The total variance in hopelessness level was accounted for by 25.3%, with state anxiety and experiencing entrapment under debris during the earthquake contributing (R² = 0.253). This study showed that higher levels of hopelessness among earthquake survivors were significantly associated with the experience of being trapped under debris during the earthquake and increased anxiety. Accordingly, this study suggests that policymakers and governments should consider implementing psychosocial support programs.

The effect of virtual reality (VR) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been debated in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses in the literature. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of VR on HRQoL by meta-analysis. Web of Science and PubMed databases were used to search for RCTs investigating the effect of VR on HRQoL. The correlation effect size was used. Due to the high heterogeneity and variance between studies, the common effect size was calculated using the random effects model (Q: 440.97; df: 17; p < 0.001; I² > 0.75; Ʈ > 0.68). To assess publication bias, Egger's regression method and funnel plot were used. Eighteen RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Between 2015 and 2024, these studies were published. The intervention group consisted of 400 participants. The control group consisted of 386 participants. The results of the meta-analyses showed that VR had a moderate positive effect on HRQoL (M: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.03-0.60; p < 0.05). The funnel plot has an asymmetric appearance. The results of the Egger's regression and Begg and Mazumdar's methods show no publication bias. VR has a positive effect on HRQoL. This result from the meta-analysis showed that VR was effective in improving HRQoL.