Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102746
Valeria C. Eckardt , Travis E. Dorsch
Objective
Parents need to cooperate with professional organizations to support their children’s development and health. In sports, knowledge on how parents, coaches, and organizations can successfully coordinate their behavior and work together for a common cause is lacking. This study was designed to identify a grounded theory of cooperation as a social process between parents and organizational stakeholders in youth soccer academies.
Design and method
Intensive interviews were conducted with parents (n = 9), coaches (n = 11), and administrators (n = 14) across 14 youth soccer academies in Germany. Data were analyzed using initial coding, focused coding, and theoretical integration following constructivist grounded theory methodology.
Results and conclusion
The grounded theory produced comprises several processes aimed at building, maintaining, and reinforcing effective cooperation between parents, coaches, and administrators. Acknowledging parents as part of the academy, providing a thorough onboarding, and defining parental roles are essential for cooperation to evolve. Cooperation was viewed as a responsive, dynamic, and iterative process impacted by person and context factors. Findings are interpreted through a systems lens highlighting nuanced dependencies between cognitive, emotional, and behavioral patterns. The grounded theory provides implications for future research targeting the intersection of persons and contexts in youth sport. For practitioners, we propose an evidence-based program on developing cooperation.
{"title":"“We are on the outside but it’s okay”: A grounded theory of cooperation between parents, coaches, and administrators in professional youth soccer academies","authors":"Valeria C. Eckardt , Travis E. Dorsch","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Parents need to cooperate with professional organizations to support their children’s development and health. In sports, knowledge on how parents, coaches, and organizations can successfully coordinate their behavior and work together for a common cause is lacking. This study was designed to identify a grounded theory of cooperation as a social process between parents and organizational stakeholders in youth soccer academies.</div></div><div><h3>Design and method</h3><div>Intensive interviews were conducted with parents (<em>n</em> = 9), coaches (<em>n</em> = 11), and administrators (<em>n</em> = 14) across 14 youth soccer academies in Germany. Data were analyzed using initial coding, focused coding, and theoretical integration following constructivist grounded theory methodology.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion</h3><div>The grounded theory produced comprises several processes aimed at building, maintaining, and reinforcing effective cooperation between parents, coaches, and administrators. Acknowledging parents as part of the academy, providing a thorough onboarding, and defining parental roles are essential for cooperation to evolve. Cooperation was viewed as a responsive, dynamic, and iterative process impacted by person and context factors. Findings are interpreted through a systems lens highlighting nuanced dependencies between cognitive, emotional, and behavioral patterns. The grounded theory provides implications for future research targeting the intersection of persons and contexts in youth sport. For practitioners, we propose an evidence-based program on developing cooperation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102746"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102747
Luke F. Olsson , Hanna L. Glandorf , James F. Black , Rebecca E.K. Jeggo , Joseph R. Stanford , Karla L. Drew , Daniel J. Madigan
Athlete burnout potentially has negative consequences for sport performance. However, to the best of our knowledge, empirical studies have yet to examine the relationship between athlete burnout and objective sport performance. Consequently, we aimed to provide a first such examination. To do so, we recruited three samples. We used Sample 1 (n = 106: track and field athletes) to examine the predictive utility of athlete burnout on a single performance, Sample 2 (n = 181: swimmers) to examine whether the findings from Sample 1 can be replicated in a different sport, and Sample 3 (n = 169: track and field athletes) to examine the predictive utility of athlete burnout on peak performance in a three-month period. Finally, having captured three samples each assessing the athlete burnout-performance relationship, we also sought to quantify the combined effect across these samples using a relatively new analytical technique – mini meta-analysis. Results from regression analyses showed that in at least two of the three samples total burnout, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation each negatively predicted performance, whereas emotional and physical exhaustion was unrelated to performance. When we combined the samples, mini meta-analysis showed that total burnout, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation each displayed a small-to-medium negative and significant meta-correlation with performance. The findings suggest that certain athlete burnout symptoms may indeed have negative consequences for sport performance, and that this is the case when considering a single performance and peak performance.
{"title":"A multi-sample examination of the relationship between athlete burnout and sport performance","authors":"Luke F. Olsson , Hanna L. Glandorf , James F. Black , Rebecca E.K. Jeggo , Joseph R. Stanford , Karla L. Drew , Daniel J. Madigan","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Athlete burnout potentially has negative consequences for sport performance. However, to the best of our knowledge, empirical studies have yet to examine the relationship between athlete burnout and objective sport performance. Consequently, we aimed to provide a first such examination. To do so, we recruited three samples. We used Sample 1 (<em>n</em> = 106: track and field athletes) to examine the predictive utility of athlete burnout on a single performance, Sample 2 (<em>n</em> = 181: swimmers) to examine whether the findings from Sample 1 can be replicated in a different sport, and Sample 3 (<em>n</em> = 169: track and field athletes) to examine the predictive utility of athlete burnout on peak performance in a three-month period. Finally, having captured three samples each assessing the athlete burnout-performance relationship, we also sought to quantify the combined effect across these samples using a relatively new analytical technique – mini meta-analysis. Results from regression analyses showed that in at least two of the three samples total burnout, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation each negatively predicted performance, whereas emotional and physical exhaustion was unrelated to performance. When we combined the samples, mini meta-analysis showed that total burnout, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation each displayed a small-to-medium negative and significant meta-correlation with performance. The findings suggest that certain athlete burnout symptoms may indeed have negative consequences for sport performance, and that this is the case when considering a single performance and peak performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102747"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102750
Mohammed Khudair , Boris Cheval , Fiona Chun Man Ling , Florentina Johanna Hettinga , Gavin Daniel Tempest
Despite substantial research efforts to increase engagement in physical activity (PA), children are not sufficiently active. Dual-process theories suggest that PA behavior regulation occurs through both controlled (i.e., reflective, conscious) and automatic (i.e., non-reflective, less conscious) processes. Automatic processes depend on affective valuations and attitudes towards PA and have been shown to predict PA behavior. However, their role in PA behavior regulation in children remains unclear. Therefore, the current study investigated the unique association of automatic attitudes towards PA on self-reported seven-day PA recall, after accounting for the effects of known controlled precursors of PA (i.e., explicit attitudes, PA self-efficacy, and PA intentions). In a cross-sectional design, 69 children (age = 10.8 ± 0.6 years) completed the Single-Category Implicit Association Task (SC-IAT) and self-reported measures of PA and controlled precursors of PA. In a hierarchical regression analysis, controlled processes accounted for 28.3 % of the variance in PA behavior. Although the bivariate association between automatic attitudes and PA was not significant, the association between them became significant but negative in the fully adjusted model (b = −1.70; p = 0.025). The fully adjusted model accounted for 35.0 % of the variance in PA. In summary, the findings indicated that both controlled and automatic processes predicted PA in children, although the association with automatic attitudes was not in the expected direction in the adjusted model. Future studies are warranted to further understand the role of automatic processes in the regulation of PA behavior in children.
尽管研究人员为提高儿童参与体育活动（PA）的积极性做出了大量努力，但儿童参与体育活动的程度仍然不够。双过程理论认为，体育锻炼行为调节是通过受控过程（即反思、有意识）和自动过程（即非反思、不太有意识）进行的。自动过程取决于对 PA 的情感评价和态度，并已被证明可以预测 PA 行为。然而，它们在儿童 PA 行为调节中的作用仍不清楚。因此，本研究在考虑了 PA 的已知受控前体（即明确态度、PA 自我效能感和 PA 意图）的影响后，调查了对 PA 的自动态度与自我报告的七天 PA 回忆之间的独特关联。在横断面设计中，69 名儿童（年龄 = 10.8 ± 0.6 岁）完成了单类别内隐联想任务（SC-IAT）以及自我报告的 PA 和受控 PA 前体测量。在分层回归分析中，受控过程占 PA 行为变异的 28.3%。虽然自动态度与 PA 之间的二元关联并不显著，但在完全调整模型中，二者之间的关联变得显著但呈负相关（b = -1.70; p = 0.025）。完全调整模型占 PA 变异的 35.0%。总之，研究结果表明，控制过程和自动过程都能预测儿童的PA，尽管在调整模型中，自动态度与PA的关系与预期方向不符。未来的研究需要进一步了解自动过程在调节儿童 PA 行为中的作用。
{"title":"Uncovering the roles of automatic attitudes and controlled processes in the regulation of physical activity behavior in children","authors":"Mohammed Khudair , Boris Cheval , Fiona Chun Man Ling , Florentina Johanna Hettinga , Gavin Daniel Tempest","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite substantial research efforts to increase engagement in physical activity (PA), children are not sufficiently active. Dual-process theories suggest that PA behavior regulation occurs through both controlled (i.e., reflective, conscious) and automatic (i.e., non-reflective, less conscious) processes. Automatic processes depend on affective valuations and attitudes towards PA and have been shown to predict PA behavior. However, their role in PA behavior regulation in children remains unclear. Therefore, the current study investigated the unique association of automatic attitudes towards PA on self-reported seven-day PA recall, after accounting for the effects of known controlled precursors of PA (i.e., explicit attitudes, PA self-efficacy, and PA intentions). In a cross-sectional design, 69 children (age = 10.8 ± 0.6 years) completed the Single-Category Implicit Association Task (SC-IAT) and self-reported measures of PA and controlled precursors of PA. In a hierarchical regression analysis, controlled processes accounted for 28.3 % of the variance in PA behavior. Although the bivariate association between automatic attitudes and PA was not significant, the association between them became significant but negative in the fully adjusted model (b = −1.70; p = 0.025). The fully adjusted model accounted for 35.0 % of the variance in PA. In summary, the findings indicated that both controlled and automatic processes predicted PA in children, although the association with automatic attitudes was not in the expected direction in the adjusted model. Future studies are warranted to further understand the role of automatic processes in the regulation of PA behavior in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102748
Yu-Kai Chang , Jennifer L. Etnier , Ruei-Hong Li , Ying-Chu Chen , Chen-Sin Hung , Feng-Tzu Chen , Chung-Yu Chen , Chien-Heng Chu
This study assessed the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and carriage of the apolipoprotein-E ε4 (APOE ε4) alleles and cognitive function using behavioral and neuroelectric measures obtained from cognitively normal older adults. A total of 159 adults aged 50–70 years were categorized into four groups based on cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., higher vs. lower fitness) and the APOE genotype status (i.e., APOE ε4 carrier vs. non-carrier). Neurocognitive functions were indexed using response time and accuracy measures from the Stroop task and averaged mean P3 amplitudes of event-related potentials obtained during task performance. A significant main effect of cardiorespiratory fitness (p = .01) and the Stroop congruency (p < .001), but not the APOE genotype status, with shorter response times for the higher fitness group than for the lower fitness group and for the congruent condition relative to the incongruent condition, were observed. Similar findings were also revealed, with larger averaged mean P3 amplitudes for the higher fitness group than those in the lower fitness group, and in the congruent condition than in the incongruent condition. These findings suggest that higher cardiorespiratory fitness is linked to better neurocognitive function, and the positive association is evident regardless of the APOE ε4 status and the cognitive domain assessed in cognitively normal older adults.
{"title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness, independent of APOE genotype, is associated with better neurocognitive function in older adults: An ERP study","authors":"Yu-Kai Chang , Jennifer L. Etnier , Ruei-Hong Li , Ying-Chu Chen , Chen-Sin Hung , Feng-Tzu Chen , Chung-Yu Chen , Chien-Heng Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assessed the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and carriage of the apolipoprotein-E ε4 (<em>APOE</em> ε4) alleles and cognitive function using behavioral and neuroelectric measures obtained from cognitively normal older adults. A total of 159 adults aged 50–70 years were categorized into four groups based on cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., higher vs. lower fitness) and the <em>APOE</em> genotype status (i.e., <em>APOE</em> ε4 carrier vs. non-carrier). Neurocognitive functions were indexed using response time and accuracy measures from the Stroop task and averaged mean P3 amplitudes of event-related potentials obtained during task performance. A significant main effect of cardiorespiratory fitness (<em>p = .</em>01) and the Stroop congruency (<em>p < .</em>001), but not the <em>APOE</em> genotype status, with shorter response times for the higher fitness group than for the lower fitness group and for the congruent condition relative to the incongruent condition, were observed. Similar findings were also revealed, with larger averaged mean P3 amplitudes for the higher fitness group than those in the lower fitness group, and in the congruent condition than in the incongruent condition. These findings suggest that higher cardiorespiratory fitness is linked to better neurocognitive function, and the positive association is evident regardless of the <em>APOE</em> ε4 status and the cognitive domain assessed in cognitively normal older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102748"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102742
Øystein Bue Røynesdal , Glyn Caerwyn Roberts , Hugo Vieira Pereira , Judith G.M. Jelsma , Sally Wyke , Eivind Andersen , Cindy M. Gray , Kate Hunt , Marlene Nunes Silva , Femke van Nassau , Marit Sørensen
The European Fans in Training (EuroFIT) program integrated need-supportive motivational strategies from Self-Determination Theory (SDT) in the design of a healthy lifestyle program delivered to overweight or obese male football fans (n = 1113; mean age of 45.9 [SD = 9.0] years old and BMI of 33.2 kg/m2 [SD = 4.6]) in professional football club settings in the UK, Portugal, Norway and the Netherlands. With a critical realist approach, we developed a structured thematic framework analysis based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to investigate the process of change in men who participated in the EuroFIT randomized controlled trial (RCT). We examined whether men’s experiences of the social context of EuroFIT, and whether their engagement with the program’s motivational strategies supported or frustrated their basic psychological needs while attempting to change their lifestyle behaviours. We found that men in all countries perceived the social contexts of the EuroFIT program as mostly needs-supportive, and that they found engagement with most of the program components helpful in supporting their psychological needs when initiating health behaviour changes. However, some of the program elements in the EuroFIT program were perceived as needs-frustrating by some participants and need-supportive by others. Implications for the use of need-supportive motivational strategies in designing future lifestyle interventions in sport settings to promote health behaviour change among male football fans are discussed.
{"title":"Fostering health behaviour change in overweight male football fans through the European Fans in Training (EuroFIT) program: A Self-Determination Theory perspective","authors":"Øystein Bue Røynesdal , Glyn Caerwyn Roberts , Hugo Vieira Pereira , Judith G.M. Jelsma , Sally Wyke , Eivind Andersen , Cindy M. Gray , Kate Hunt , Marlene Nunes Silva , Femke van Nassau , Marit Sørensen","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The European Fans in Training (EuroFIT) program integrated need-supportive motivational strategies from Self-Determination Theory (SDT) in the design of a healthy lifestyle program delivered to overweight or obese male football fans (n = 1113; mean age of 45.9 [SD = 9.0] years old and BMI of 33.2 kg/m2 [SD = 4.6]) in professional football club settings in the UK, Portugal, Norway and the Netherlands. With a critical realist approach, we developed a structured thematic framework analysis based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to investigate the process of change in men who participated in the EuroFIT randomized controlled trial (RCT). We examined whether men’s experiences of the social context of EuroFIT, and whether their engagement with the program’s motivational strategies supported or frustrated their basic psychological needs while attempting to change their lifestyle behaviours. We found that men in all countries perceived the social contexts of the EuroFIT program as mostly needs-supportive, and that they found engagement with most of the program components helpful in supporting their psychological needs when initiating health behaviour changes. However, some of the program elements in the EuroFIT program were perceived as needs-frustrating by some participants and need-supportive by others. Implications for the use of need-supportive motivational strategies in designing future lifestyle interventions in sport settings to promote health behaviour change among male football fans are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102744
Alessandro Piras
The present study investigated the role of top-down and bottom-up processes during a deceptive sports strategy called “no-look passes” and how microsaccades and small saccades modulate these processes. The first experiment examined the role of expertise in modulating the shift of covert attention with the bottom-up procedure. Results showed more saccades of greater amplitude and faster peak velocity in amateur than in expert groups. In the second experiment, the shift of covert attention between top-down and bottom-up conditions was investigated in a group of expert basketball players. Analysis showed that athletes make more microsaccades during the bottom-up condition; meanwhile, during the top-down condition, they were pushed to make more small saccades to decide where to send the ball. The findings suggested that the top-down process stimulates the eyes to move more concerning the bottom-up condition. It could be explained by the fact that during the top-down condition, athletes do not have an "eyehold” that stimulates their attention. During the top-down condition, athletes had to shift their attention to both sides before making the pass, resulting in their eyes being more "hesitant" concerning the situation in which they are peripherally stimulated.
{"title":"The role of the peripheral target in stimulating eye movements","authors":"Alessandro Piras","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigated the role of top-down and bottom-up processes during a deceptive sports strategy called “no-look passes” and how microsaccades and small saccades modulate these processes. The first experiment examined the role of expertise in modulating the shift of covert attention with the bottom-up procedure. Results showed more saccades of greater amplitude and faster peak velocity in amateur than in expert groups. In the second experiment, the shift of covert attention between top-down and bottom-up conditions was investigated in a group of expert basketball players. Analysis showed that athletes make more microsaccades during the bottom-up condition; meanwhile, during the top-down condition, they were pushed to make more small saccades to decide where to send the ball. The findings suggested that the top-down process stimulates the eyes to move more concerning the bottom-up condition. It could be explained by the fact that during the top-down condition, athletes do not have an \"eyehold” that stimulates their attention. During the top-down condition, athletes had to shift their attention to both sides before making the pass, resulting in their eyes being more \"hesitant\" concerning the situation in which they are peripherally stimulated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1469029224001559/pdfft?md5=de884af58d9117041865706cd9867696&pid=1-s2.0-S1469029224001559-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102743
Rina Meha , Rilind Obërtinca , Karen aus der Fünten , Kai Leisge , Sabine Schaefer
The youth football injury prevention program ‘FUNBALL’ contains exercises requiring high cognitive demands, which are performed concurrently to the training of the respective motor task. This study evaluates whether the program increases cognitive performances of young football players.
1253 football players (aged 13–19 years old) were randomly assigned to either a control (CON) or an intervention (INT) group. The INT group performed the ‘FUNBALL’ program at least twice per week in their training sessions for one season (9 months). The CON group continued their training routine. From the total sample, the cognitive performance of 304 players (n = 135 CON; n = 169 INT) was assessed at the beginning and the end of the season using the Cogstate® Brief Battery, with the following subtests: One Back test (accuracy), Two Back test (accuracy), One Card Learning test (accuracy), Chase Test (correct moves per second), Set Shifting (accuracy), Identification test (speed), Detection test (speed), Groton Maze Learning Test (accuracy), and Groton Maze Learning Test Delayed Recall (accuracy).
A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) on the cognitive performance improvements from pre-to posttest showed that the INT group improved their performances more strongly than the CON group for all cognitive tests, namely for working memory, visual learning, visual motor control, attention, psychomotor function, memory, and executive function.
The present study indicates that the exercise-based injury prevention program ‘FUNBALL’ may improve the cognitive performance of young football players. Future research should include an active control group, and should investigate whether the improvement in cognition also has beneficial effects on in-game performance.
{"title":"A new injury prevention program ‘FUNBALL’ improves cognitive performance of young football (soccer) players: A cluster randomized controlled trial","authors":"Rina Meha , Rilind Obërtinca , Karen aus der Fünten , Kai Leisge , Sabine Schaefer","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The youth football injury prevention program ‘FUNBALL’ contains exercises requiring high cognitive demands, which are performed concurrently to the training of the respective motor task. This study evaluates whether the program increases cognitive performances of young football players.</div><div>1253 football players (aged 13–19 years old) were randomly assigned to either a control (CON) or an intervention (INT) group. The INT group performed the ‘FUNBALL’ program at least twice per week in their training sessions for one season (9 months). The CON group continued their training routine. From the total sample, the cognitive performance of 304 players (<em>n</em> = 135 CON; <em>n</em> = 169 INT) was assessed at the beginning and the end of the season using the Cogstate® Brief Battery, with the following subtests: One Back test (accuracy), Two Back test (accuracy), One Card Learning test (accuracy), Chase Test (correct moves per second), Set Shifting (accuracy), Identification test (speed), Detection test (speed), Groton Maze Learning Test (accuracy), and Groton Maze Learning Test Delayed Recall (accuracy).</div><div>A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) on the cognitive performance improvements from pre-to posttest showed that the INT group improved their performances more strongly than the CON group for all cognitive tests, namely for working memory, visual learning, visual motor control, attention, psychomotor function, memory, and executive function.</div><div>The present study indicates that the exercise-based injury prevention program ‘FUNBALL’ may improve the cognitive performance of young football players. Future research should include an active control group, and should investigate whether the improvement in cognition also has beneficial effects on in-game performance.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div><span><span>AsPredicted</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (<span><span>https://aspredicted.org/2kb3b.pdf</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102729
Vagner Deuel de O. Tavares , Felipe B. Schuch , Geovan Menezes de Sousa , Mats Hallgren , Leônidas Oliveira Neto , Daniel A.R. Cabral , Raissa Nóbrega de Almeida , David Cavalcante Barbosa , Victor Rocha Nóbrega de Almeida , Hanna Tinoco , Rodolfo A. Lira , Jaime Eduardo Hallak , Emerson Arcoverde , Colleen Cuthbert , Scott Patten , Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of an affect-adjusted, supervised, multimodal, online, and home-based exercise group protocol as an adjunct therapy to antidepressants on depressive symptoms, cardiorespiratory fitness, and side effects related to antidepressants in adults with major depression (MDD, diagnosed by a clinician). Depressive symptom scales were administered by a psychiatrist and self-reported. A health-related measure (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness), was also administered. The exercise intervention was adjusted by perceived effort and affect (pleasure and enjoyment) toward exercise and lasted 12 weeks. In total, 59 adults with MDD were divided into two groups: the exercise-group (EG; exercise + pharmacotherapy) with 26-patients (76.9 % females, mean age 28.5 years) and the control-group (CG, pharmacotherapy) with 33-patients (78.7 % females, mean age 25.6 years). The EG had a lower dropout rate (15.3 %) than CG and an increase in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), which was not observed in the CG. Both groups showed a decrease in self-reported depressive symptoms. However, the EG had significantly lower depressive symptom scores at t1 and t2. The EG also had higher remission rates (t1, EG: = 42.3 % and CG = 27.2 %) and remission rates (t2, EG: = 72.7 % and CG = 48.1 %) than CG, which were maintained during the four month follow-up. Side effects from anti-depressant medication were larger in the EG compared to CG. Complementing usual care for MDD with exercise resulted in better clinical outcomes and supports the use of this type of exercise protocol in the clinical management of depression.
{"title":"Effectiveness of an affect-adjusted, supervised, multimodal, online and home-based exercise group protocol for major depression: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Vagner Deuel de O. Tavares , Felipe B. Schuch , Geovan Menezes de Sousa , Mats Hallgren , Leônidas Oliveira Neto , Daniel A.R. Cabral , Raissa Nóbrega de Almeida , David Cavalcante Barbosa , Victor Rocha Nóbrega de Almeida , Hanna Tinoco , Rodolfo A. Lira , Jaime Eduardo Hallak , Emerson Arcoverde , Colleen Cuthbert , Scott Patten , Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of an affect-adjusted, supervised, multimodal, online, and home-based exercise group protocol as an adjunct therapy to antidepressants on depressive symptoms, cardiorespiratory fitness, and side effects related to antidepressants in adults with major depression (MDD, diagnosed by a clinician). Depressive symptom scales were administered by a psychiatrist and self-reported. A health-related measure (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness), was also administered. The exercise intervention was adjusted by perceived effort and affect (pleasure and enjoyment) toward exercise and lasted 12 weeks. In total, 59 adults with MDD were divided into two groups: the exercise-group (EG; exercise + pharmacotherapy) with 26-patients (76.9 % females, mean age 28.5 years) and the control-group (CG, pharmacotherapy) with 33-patients (78.7 % females, mean age 25.6 years). The EG had a lower dropout rate (15.3 %) than CG and an increase in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), which was not observed in the CG. Both groups showed a decrease in self-reported depressive symptoms. However, the EG had significantly lower depressive symptom scores at t1 and t2. The EG also had higher remission rates (t1, EG: = 42.3 % and CG = 27.2 %) and remission rates (t2, EG: = 72.7 % and CG = 48.1 %) than CG, which were maintained during the four month follow-up. Side effects from anti-depressant medication were larger in the EG compared to CG. Complementing usual care for MDD with exercise resulted in better clinical outcomes and supports the use of this type of exercise protocol in the clinical management of depression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102729"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102732
Ilse P. Peringa, A. Susan M. Niessen, Rob R. Meijer, Ruud J.R. den Hartigh
In athlete assessment, coaches or scouts typically judge athletes by observing and combining information about their attributes. However, how accurate is the expert’s eye in combining this information, and can its accuracy be improved? To address these questions, this paper introduces the Lens Model, a framework for studying human judgment that has been widely successful in other performance domains. Since the framework offers both theoretical and practical benefits and is new to sports scientists and practitioners, our paper is presented in the form of a tutorial. First, we discuss the need for the Lens Model in sports; second, we demonstrate its proven value outside of sports. Third, we provide a conceptual explanation of the Lens Model, detailing, among other aspects, how experts' judgmental policies can be modeled and how judgmental accuracy can be determined and evaluated. This is followed by an empirical example: a study on the judgments of soccer scouts, along with suggestions to improve their accuracy. To inspire further Lens Model research across sports, we conclude with prospective research directions.
{"title":"A uniform approach for advancing athlete assessment: A tutorial on the Lens Model","authors":"Ilse P. Peringa, A. Susan M. Niessen, Rob R. Meijer, Ruud J.R. den Hartigh","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In athlete assessment, coaches or scouts typically judge athletes by observing and combining information about their attributes. However, how accurate is the expert’s eye in combining this information, and can its accuracy be improved? To address these questions, this paper introduces the Lens Model, a framework for studying human judgment that has been widely successful in other performance domains. Since the framework offers both theoretical and practical benefits and is new to sports scientists and practitioners, our paper is presented in the form of a tutorial. First, we discuss the need for the Lens Model in sports; second, we demonstrate its proven value outside of sports. Third, we provide a conceptual explanation of the Lens Model, detailing, among other aspects, how experts' judgmental policies can be modeled and how judgmental accuracy can be determined and evaluated. This is followed by an empirical example: a study on the judgments of soccer scouts, along with suggestions to improve their accuracy. To inspire further Lens Model research across sports, we conclude with prospective research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102732"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Identifying connections between various aspects of physical performance, motor skills, and cognitive abilities with the brain connectivity networks is essential for determining important brain regions associated with soccer performance. This study aimed to carry out the relationship between soccer-specific parameters and resting-state functional connectivity in soccer players.
Materials and methods
Twenty-five soccer players (Vo2max; 50.68 ± 3.76 ml/min/kg) were participated voluntarily. The study encompassed a comprehensive assessment, including measures of physical performance, skill performance, and executive function (design fluency). Each participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) also allowing for the acquisition of data. The Linear regression were conducted between sport-specific parameters and functional connectivity values.
Results
Our findings revealed a significant positive correlation between agility and linear sprinting with the dorsal attention network (DAN). Conversely, the aerobic fitness parameter demonstrated exhibited a significant negative correlation with the DMN. Skill performance (speed dribbling, passing, shooting) displayed a significant positive correlation with both sensorimotor network (SMN), and DAN. Moreover, design fluency test displayed a significant positive correlation with the DMN. Notably, IPSL and IPSR nodes within the DAN consistently demonstrated the highest degree of centrality across various sports parameters.
Conclusion
This study provides valuable insights into the intricate relationship among physical performance, skill proficiency, and executive function, as they relate to the functional connectivity of specific neural networks in soccer players. The outcomes establish a foundational understanding for future exploration and potential applications in sports science, and cognitive neuroscience in order to improve soccer performance.
{"title":"The impact of brain functional connectivity on skill and physical performance in soccer players: A resting state fMRI study","authors":"Pourya Abbasi , Alireza Fallahi , Maryam Nourshahi , Yasamin Asadi , Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh , Mohammad-Reza Nazem-Zadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Identifying connections between various aspects of physical performance, motor skills, and cognitive abilities with the brain connectivity networks is essential for determining important brain regions associated with soccer performance. This study aimed to carry out the relationship between soccer-specific parameters and resting-state functional connectivity in soccer players.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Twenty-five soccer players (Vo2max; 50.68 ± 3.76 ml/min/kg) were participated voluntarily. The study encompassed a comprehensive assessment, including measures of physical performance, skill performance, and executive function (design fluency). Each participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) also allowing for the acquisition of data. The Linear regression were conducted between sport-specific parameters and functional connectivity values.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our findings revealed a significant positive correlation between agility and linear sprinting with the dorsal attention network (DAN). Conversely, the aerobic fitness parameter demonstrated exhibited a significant negative correlation with the DMN. Skill performance (speed dribbling, passing, shooting) displayed a significant positive correlation with both sensorimotor network (SMN), and DAN. Moreover, design fluency test displayed a significant positive correlation with the DMN. Notably, IPSL and IPSR nodes within the DAN consistently demonstrated the highest degree of centrality across various sports parameters.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study provides valuable insights into the intricate relationship among physical performance, skill proficiency, and executive function, as they relate to the functional connectivity of specific neural networks in soccer players. The outcomes establish a foundational understanding for future exploration and potential applications in sports science, and cognitive neuroscience in order to improve soccer performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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