Psychology of Sport and Exercise最新文献_第4页

Mental health in sport: Opportunities for the future of recreational and elite sport psychology 运动中的心理健康：休闲和精英运动心理学的未来机遇。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103021

Stewart A. Vella , Simon Rice

Mental health is a core concern of sport psychology, yet the field's engagement with mental health remains relatively recent. This paper identifies and explores four key challenges and opportunities that can advance mental health research and practice in sport psychology. First, we outline the need for solutions to better mental health including a shift from problem-oriented research focused on identifying causes of mental ill-health, toward solution-oriented designs that test and inform interventions and policy decisions. Second, we argue that meaningful mental health promotion in sport requires moving beyond individual-level programs to a systems-level approach that targets sport environments and structures. Third, we highlight the necessity of a nimble and responsive research agenda that keeps pace with societal change and policy development. Fourth, we emphasise the need for conceptual clarity to guide research, practice, and policy development. These challenges are deeply entwined: conceptual clarity underpins effective interventions; high-quality, solution-oriented research supports system-level change; and agile research processes can accelerate translation into practice. A scientist-practitioner agenda can facilitate progress across all challenges by ensuring that research and practice are mutually informative. Together, these entwined priorities offer a roadmap for the field to more effectively promote mental health in sport. We conclude by calling for a discipline-wide commitment to clear conceptualisation, rigorous and relevant research, and meaningful integration between science, policy, and practice across all levels of sport participation.

心理健康是运动心理学的核心问题，但该领域对心理健康的研究相对较新。本文确定并探讨了四个关键的挑战和机遇，可以推进心理健康的研究和实践在运动心理学。首先，我们概述了改善心理健康的解决方案的必要性，包括从侧重于确定心理疾病原因的问题导向研究转向以解决方案为导向的设计，以测试和告知干预措施和政策决定。其次，我们认为，在体育运动中有意义的心理健康促进需要超越个人层面的计划，以系统层面的方法为目标，运动环境和结构。第三，我们强调有必要制定一个灵活和反应迅速的研究议程，与社会变革和政策发展保持同步。第四，我们强调需要清晰的概念来指导研究、实践和政策制定。这些挑战是紧密交织在一起的：概念清晰是有效干预的基础；高质量、以解决方案为导向的研究支持系统级变革；敏捷研究过程可以加速转化为实践。科学家-实践者议程可以通过确保研究和实践相互提供信息来促进所有挑战的进展。总之，这些相互交织的优先事项为该领域更有效地促进体育运动中的心理健康提供了路线图。最后，我们呼吁在整个学科范围内致力于明确的概念，严格和相关的研究，以及在各级体育参与的科学，政策和实践之间进行有意义的整合。

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引用次数: 0

A commentary on ‘The ecological dynamics of cognizant action in sport’ by Araújo et al. (2025) 对“体育运动中认知行动的生态动力学”的评论。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103031

Oliver R. Runswick

In the 25th anniversary issue of Psychology of Sport and Exercise, Araújo et al. (2025) offer a new theory of the ecological dynamics of cognizant action in sport. The approach builds on previous fundamental assumptions of ecological dynamics, where performance is conceptualised as the process of perceiving and acting, thereby avoiding the need for the brain as a mediator. The authors extend concepts of ecological dynamics with an increased focus on the intentionality of this process and the role of the performer's skill, suggesting that a skilled performer is someone who tends to consistently achieve the goal of a given task in a specific socio-cultural setting, and ‘performance’ is the process of perceiving and acting guided by intentionality that leads to a movement that achieves this skill under a given set of constraints. In this commentary, I aim to provide a concise summary of my understanding of what this theory of cognizant action adds to previous approaches, discuss the fundamental differences between this approach and others in the field, and how, despite these differences, it offers similar methodological implications. I offer some thoughts on how new technologies could be utilised to achieve these methodological goals and ultimately argue that theoretical debate and diverse perspectives may be a sign of a healthy field.

在《运动与运动心理学》25周年纪念刊上，Araújo等人（2025）提出了一种关于运动中认知行为的生态动力学的新理论。该方法建立在先前生态动力学的基本假设之上，其中行为被概念化为感知和行动的过程，从而避免了对大脑作为中介的需要。作者扩展了生态动力学的概念，增加了对这一过程的意向性和表演者技能的作用的关注，表明熟练的表演者是在特定的社会文化环境中倾向于始终如一地实现给定任务目标的人，而“表演”是在意向性的指导下感知和行动的过程，导致在给定的一组约束下实现这一技能的运动。在这篇评论中，我的目的是提供一个简明的总结，我对这种认知行为理论对以前的方法的理解，讨论这种方法与该领域其他方法之间的根本区别，以及尽管存在这些差异，它如何提供类似的方法含义。我提供了一些关于如何利用新技术来实现这些方法目标的想法，并最终认为理论辩论和多样化的观点可能是一个健康领域的标志。

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引用次数: 0

Bridging research and practice in the psychology of doping in sport: Reflections and future directions 体育运动中兴奋剂心理学的桥梁研究与实践：反思与未来方向。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103033

Susan H. Backhouse, Laurie B. Patterson

Doping in sport remains a persistent global challenge, eroding sporting integrity, athlete welfare, and public trust. Over the past 25 years, psychological research on doping has progressed from individual-level explanations to embracing more nuanced, systemic perspectives. This narrative review synthesises key developments in the field, addressing definitional ambiguities, dominant theoretical frameworks, and emerging trends in anti-doping research. Social cognitive theories have been particularly influential, with meta-analytic evidence highlighting psychosocial predictors such as attitudes, perceived norms, and supplement use. However, the field remains constrained by a reliance on proxy measures of behaviour and a narrow conceptualisation of doping, typically defined as the use of prohibited substances. This review calls for a broader understanding of the behavioural violations that constitute doping, alongside a shift toward systemic thinking and transdisciplinary collaboration. It emphasises the need to engage with the lived experiences of athletes and support personnel, and to design behaviourally targeted, context-sensitive interventions. Meaningful progress depends not only intervention content but also on their alignment with the lived realities of those involved in sport. Future research priorities include co-created, theory-informed interventions, longitudinal designs, and globally inclusive agendas that reflect diverse voices and sporting cultures. Sustained investment and stronger alignment between research, policy, and practice are essential to protect sport integrity and safeguard athlete and support personnel welfare.

在体育运动中使用兴奋剂仍然是一个持续存在的全球性挑战，它侵蚀着体育诚信、运动员福利和公众信任。在过去的25年里，关于兴奋剂的心理学研究已经从个人层面的解释发展到更细致、更系统的视角。这篇叙述性评论综合了该领域的关键发展，解决了反兴奋剂研究的定义歧义，主导理论框架和新兴趋势。社会认知理论尤其具有影响力，荟萃分析证据强调了社会心理预测因素，如态度、感知规范和补充剂使用。然而，由于依赖于对行为的替代测量和对兴奋剂的狭义定义（通常定义为使用禁用物质），仍然受到限制。这篇综述提倡更广泛地理解构成兴奋剂的行为违规，同时转向系统思考和跨学科合作。它强调需要参与运动员和支持人员的生活经验，并设计有针对性的行为，对环境敏感的干预措施。有意义的进展不仅取决于干预的内容，还取决于与体育参与者的现实保持一致。未来的研究重点包括共同创造，理论知情的干预措施，纵向设计，以及反映不同声音和体育文化的全球包容性议程。持续的投资和加强研究、政策和实践之间的协调对于保护体育诚信、保障运动员和支持人员的福利至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Why experience fails to foster expertise in athlete selection 为什么经验不能培养运动员选择的专业知识。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103022

Ilse P. Peringa, A. Susan M. Niessen, Rob R. Meijer, Ruud J.R. den Hartigh

Understanding how coaches, scouts, and other decision-makers assess and select athletes has become an increasingly important focus in sport psychology. While athlete selection is often entrusted to “experienced experts,” experience related to a given sport does not necessarily translate into selection expertise. This short communication explains why experience often fails to foster expertise. Drawing on the broader judgment and decision-making literature, particularly Kahneman and Klein (2009), two key conditions are identified for expertise to develop through experience: (1) the availability of high-validity cues, and (2) sufficient learning opportunities, including timely, complete, and unambiguous feedback. We argue that these conditions are rarely present in athlete selection. Studies from the wider personnel selection literature similarly show limited benefits of experience. Although experience is likely not a reliable path to expertise in athlete selection, the application of empirically validated knowledge will improve selection decisions. We discuss how such knowledge can be acquired through systematic research and suggest that practitioners in the field of sports need to prioritize evidence-based approaches over accumulated experience.

了解教练、球探和其他决策者如何评估和选择运动员已经成为运动心理学中越来越重要的焦点。虽然选择运动员通常委托给“经验丰富的专家”，但与特定运动相关的经验并不一定转化为选择专业知识。这种简短的交流解释了为什么经验往往不能培养专业知识。根据更广泛的判断和决策文献，特别是Kahneman和Klein(2009)，确定了通过经验发展专业知识的两个关键条件：(1)高效线索的可用性；(2)足够的学习机会，包括及时、完整和明确的反馈。我们认为，这些条件很少出现在运动员的选择。来自更广泛的人事选择文献的研究同样表明，经验的好处有限。尽管在运动员选拔中，经验可能不是获得专业知识的可靠途径，但应用经验验证的知识将改善选拔决策。我们讨论了如何通过系统研究获得这些知识，并建议体育领域的从业者需要优先考虑基于证据的方法，而不是积累的经验。

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引用次数: 0

Cohesion at 40: A commentary on (re)conceptualizing cohesion through identity, interdependence, and teamwork in sport and exercise 40岁的凝聚力：通过认同、相互依赖和体育运动中的团队合作来重新定义凝聚力的评论。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103024

Christine M. Habeeb , Sarah A. Stephen , Pete Coffee

We provide a brief commentary to accompany Eys and Beauchamp's (2025) work, (Re)conceptualizing cohesion: A theoretical realignment and roadmap for future research. We emphasize and extend the conceptual advances offered in the paper around four focal areas: the revised definition of cohesion (Propositions 1–2), the repositioning of individual attractions within a social identity framework (Proposition 3), the roles of task and outcome interdependence (Propositions 4, 5, 7) and teamwork processes (Proposition 6). Building on these propositions, we contribute to their conversation on theoretical refinement and methodological rigor. Specifically, we highlight cohesion theory can be further strengthened with dedicated research on social cohesion and more precisely placing (group) goals within cohesion theory. As mentioned by the authors, there is a need to conduct targeted studies in individual-sport contexts and utilize multilevel modeling to capture nested team dynamics in any group setting. We further consider that framing interdependence as a subjective, dynamic state offers novel insights into its relationship with cohesion. To enhance knowledge about cohesion and teamwork, we suggest measuring observable teamwork behaviors in combination with survey-based methods. We offer this commentary to enrich the paper's conceptual foundation and support the evolution of cohesion research in the coming 40 years.

我们为Eys和Beauchamp（2025）的作品《（重新）概念化凝聚力：未来研究的理论调整和路线图》提供了一个简短的评论。我们强调并扩展了论文中围绕四个重点领域提供的概念进展：凝聚力的修订定义（提案1-2），在社会身份框架内重新定位个人吸引力（提案3），任务和结果相互依赖的作用（提案4,5,7）和团队合作过程（提案6）。在这些命题的基础上，我们为他们关于理论精细化和方法严谨性的对话做出了贡献。具体来说，我们强调凝聚力理论可以通过对社会凝聚力的专门研究和更精确地将（群体）目标置于凝聚力理论中进一步加强。正如作者所提到的，有必要在个人运动背景下进行有针对性的研究，并利用多层次模型来捕捉任何群体环境下嵌套的团队动态。我们进一步认为，将相互依存作为一种主观的、动态的状态，为其与凝聚力的关系提供了新的见解。为了提高对凝聚力和团队合作的认识，我们建议结合基于调查的方法来测量可观察到的团队合作行为。我们提供这篇评论是为了丰富论文的概念基础，并支持未来40年衔接研究的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating bidirectional within- and between-person associations between daily anxiety and physical activity participation 调查日常焦虑与体育活动参与之间的双向人际关系。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103027

John B. Garcia , Zachary Yukio Kerr , Emily M. Kyaw , Jimikaye B. Courtney

Purpose

This study investigated the bidirectional within- and between-person associations between daily PA participation and anxiety.

Methods

A convenience sample of overweight/obese adults (N = 91; Mean age: 30.7 ± 6.5) were recruited from a university in the southeastern U.S. Participants completed a 21-day intensive longitudinal study, wearing the activPAL4 continuously and completing two daily surveys. Participants reported momentary anxiety using three items from the PROMIS during the morning and evening surveys, and self-reported leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and strength training during the evening survey. Multi-level dynamic structural equation models with Bayesian estimation examined the within- and between-person associations between anxiety and PA (device-measured MVPA, leisure-time MVPA, strength training).

Results

When examining associations between daily PA and evening anxiety, a between-person association indicated that participants with higher average leisure-time MVPA reported lower average evening anxiety (b = -1.60, 95 % Credibility Interval [CrI]: 2.63, −0.54). When examining associations between morning anxiety and PA, a between-person association indicated that greater average morning anxiety was associated with less time spent in leisure-time MVPA (IRR = 0.87, 95 % CrI: 0.79, 0.96). There were no significant within-person associations between daily PA and evening anxiety or morning anxiety and PA. Conclusions: Although the findings do not support a bidirectional association between anxiety and PA, they suggest that greater average time spent in leisure-time MVPA may reduce average anxiety and may support greater leisure-time MVPA engagement. Our results highlight the potential for leisure-time MVPA to serve as an adjunctive therapy alongside traditional treatment approaches to support lower overall anxiety levels.

目的：本研究探讨日常PA参与与焦虑之间的双向关系。方法：从美国东南部的一所大学招募了超重/肥胖成年人（N=91，平均年龄：30.7±6.5），参与者完成了21天的强化纵向研究，持续佩戴activPAL4并完成两次每日调查。参与者在早上和晚上的调查中使用PROMIS中的三个项目报告短暂焦虑，并在晚上的调查中自我报告休闲时间的中高强度PA （MVPA）和力量训练。采用贝叶斯估计的多层次动态结构方程模型检验了焦虑与心压（装置测量的MVPA、休闲时间MVPA、力量训练）之间的人际关系。结果：当研究日常生活压力与夜间焦虑之间的关系时，人与人之间的关联表明，平均休闲时间MVPA较高的参与者报告的平均夜间焦虑较低（b =-1.60, 95%可信区间[CrI]: -2.63, -0.54）。当检查早晨焦虑与PA之间的关系时，人与人之间的关联表明，平均早晨焦虑越大，休闲时间MVPA花费的时间越少（IRR = 0.87, 95% CrI: 0.79, 0.96）。每日PA与晚间焦虑或早晨焦虑与PA之间没有显著的个人内部关联。结论：虽然研究结果不支持焦虑与行为干预之间的双向关联，但它们表明，在休闲时间MVPA中花费更长的平均时间可能会减少平均焦虑，并可能支持更多的休闲时间MVPA参与。我们的研究结果强调了休闲时间MVPA作为传统治疗方法的辅助治疗的潜力，以支持降低整体焦虑水平。

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引用次数: 0

Memory of affective responses to physical activity (study 1) and a pilot intervention to reduce negative memory bias (study 2) in adults with overweight or obesity 超重或肥胖成人对体育活动的情感反应记忆（研究1）和减少负性记忆偏差（研究2）的试点干预。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103028

Kathryn E. Demos-McDermott , Katrina M. Oselinsky , Shira I. Dunsiger , David M. Williams , Rena R. Wing , Jessica L. Unick

Background

Automatic, affective processing of exercise can influence exercise behavior. Study 1 compared regular exercisers (≥150 min/wk) and non-exercisers (<30 min/wk) on affective responses, memory of these responses, and anticipated response to future exercise. Study 2 pilot-tested a brief intervention for non-exercisers to improve exercise-related affect and memory bias (i.e., discrepancy between remembered and experienced affect).

Methods

59 weight-loss seeking individuals with overweight/obesity (Age = 47.1 ± 10.3 years; BMI = 32.1 ± 3.3 kg/m²; 79.7 % Female; 91.5 % White) completed two sessions of moderate-intensity walking for 30 min. Participants reported anticipated affect prior to exercise and affective response before, during, and after exercise. On days 1, 3, and 7 following the exercise session, remembered affect was assessed to determine possible memory bias. In Study 2, the non-exercisers were randomly assigned to an affect-based intervention (n = 15) or comparator condition (n = 15) and completed a third exercise session.

Results

In Study 1, negative memory bias was present in both exercisers and non-exercisers, but was greater among non-exercisers (p = 0.04). For both groups, remembered affect more closely resembled post-exercise affect (versus ‘during’; p = 0.001). Exercisers anticipated feeling better during exercise compared to non-exercisers (p = 0.002), with a similar trend for anticipated ‘post-exercise’ affect (p = 0.073). In Study 2, non-exercisers receiving the affect-based intervention demonstrated significantly less memory bias (p = 0.04) and more positive affect post-exercise (p = 0.05). Conclusions: Both exercisers and non-exercisers experienced negative memory bias toward prior exercise, which was greater in non-exercisers. A pilot intervention to reduce negative memory bias and improve exercise-related affect among non-exercisers showed promise, warranting further study of these novel intervention targets.

背景：运动的自动情感加工可以影响运动行为。研究1比较了常规锻炼者（≥150分钟/周）和非锻炼者(方法：59名超重/肥胖寻求减肥的个体（年龄=47.1±10.3岁；BMI=32.1±3.3kg/m2； 79.7%女性；91.5%白人）完成了两次30分钟的中等强度步行。参与者报告了运动前的预期影响以及运动前、运动中和运动后的情感反应。在锻炼后的第1、3和7天，对记忆影响进行评估，以确定可能的记忆偏差。在研究2中，不锻炼的人被随机分配到基于情感的干预组（n=15）或比较组（n=15），并完成第三次锻炼。结果：在研究1中，运动者和非运动者均存在负性记忆偏差，但非运动者的负性记忆偏差更大（p=0.04）。对于两组人来说，记忆中的情绪更接近于运动后的情绪（与运动中相比；p=0.001）。与非锻炼者相比，锻炼者预期在运动期间感觉更好（p=0.002），预期“运动后”影响的趋势相似（p=0.073）。在研究2中，接受情感干预的非运动者在运动后表现出更少的记忆偏差（p=0.04）和更多的积极情绪（p=0.05）。结论：锻炼者和非锻炼者对之前的运动都有负性记忆偏差，非锻炼者的负性记忆偏差更大。一项旨在减少非锻炼者负性记忆偏差和改善运动相关影响的试点干预显示出希望，值得对这些新的干预目标进行进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

What does mental rest mean to professional athletes? A study of National Football League players 精神休息对职业运动员意味着什么？国家橄榄球联盟球员的研究。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103029

David W. Eccles , Heather Twedell , Brady S. DeCouto

Objectives

To better understand the concept of mental rest in professional athletes. Mental rest appears to be important for recovery and movement skill learning, yet there is limited understanding of this concept in the professional athlete context.

Design

A qualitative description study design was employed.

Method

Sixteen NFL athletes were interviewed about what mental rest means to them. A codebook thematic analysis was undertaken to examine the analytical generalizability to the professional athlete context of an extant model of mental rest proposed based on a study of college athletes (Eccles & Kazmier, 2019).

Results

The Eccles and Kazmier model offers considerable analytical generalizability to the professional athlete context. Consistent with the model, the process of resting mentally in professional athletes includes (a) sleep and (b) resting while awake, involving multiple resting experiences including a break from thinking about one's sport. Departures from the model were also observed. For example, in the original model, to achieve a break from thinking about one's sport, college athletes spent time on a rest day in public locations (e.g., restaurants) within which there were few cues to think about their sport (e.g., no teammates). In contrast, for recognizable professional athletes studied here, public locations often offered no escape from these cues due to uninvited questions from the public about their sport.

Conclusion

The findings advance understanding of the constituents of mental rest in professional athletes and inform education about how athletes can obtain the mental rest needed to perform effectively and stay healthy.

目的：更好地理解职业运动员心理休息的概念。精神休息似乎对恢复和运动技能学习很重要，但在专业运动员的背景下，对这一概念的理解有限。设计：采用定性描述研究设计。方法：对16名NFL运动员进行访谈，了解精神休息对他们的意义。进行了一项密码本主题分析，以检验基于对大学运动员的研究提出的现有精神休息模型在专业运动员背景下的分析普遍性（Eccles & Kazmier, 2019）。结果：Eccles和Kazmier模型对职业运动员情境提供了相当大的分析泛化性。与该模型一致，专业运动员的精神休息过程包括(a)睡眠和(b)清醒时休息，涉及多种休息体验，包括从思考运动中休息。也观察到偏离模型的现象。例如，在最初的模型中，为了从思考自己的运动中获得休息，大学运动员在休息日花时间在公共场所（例如，餐馆），在那里几乎没有线索来思考他们的运动（例如，没有队友）。相比之下，对于这里研究的知名职业运动员来说，由于公众不请自来的关于他们运动的问题，公共场所往往无法逃避这些暗示。结论：研究结果促进了对职业运动员心理休息成分的理解，并为运动员如何获得有效发挥和保持健康所需的心理休息提供了教育。

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引用次数: 0

The multifaceted implications of mental fatigue on women's football players' performance in small-sided games 心理疲劳对女子足球运动员小型比赛表现的多方面影响。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103013

K.J. Donnan , M.J. Bargh , L. Swettenham , S. Olthof , A. Whitehead

Research shows that mental fatigue (MF) can negatively impact physical performance. However, the effects of MF during football match-play are not well understood, particularly in women, and its impact on psychological factors is less known (e.g., attentional focus). This study explored the physical and psychological effects of MF in women's football during 7 vs. 7 small-sided games (SSGs). 14 Women's National League players (M age = 25.9 ± 5.9 years) participated. A counterbalanced cross-over design was implemented involving a MF (30-min social media use), and a control condition (30-min sitting with teammates with no phone access) prior to 3 × 7-min SSGs, interspersed with 2-min rest. GPS was used to monitor work output. Participants had microphones attached and were asked to ‘think aloud’ (TA) during SSGs; content analysis was used to examine players' attentional focus and communication. MF (visual analogue scale) and fatigue (BRUMS) increased pre-to post-MF (+1.95 ± 1.45, p < .001; +2.57 ± 3.33, p = .038) but in control (p = 1.00), and happiness (BRUMS) was lower in MF vs. control (−1.96 ±0 .68, p = .013). No differences were found between conditions for work output or RPE (ps > 0.05). Total TA was lower (p = .046) and there was less positive performance-related TA (p = .022) in MF (22.53 ± 13.11; 0.15 ± 0.38) vs. control (30.00 ± 17.84; 1.54 ± 2.11). There was more negative non-performance related communication (p = .031), and less joking with teammates (p = .020) with MF (0.85 ± 1.07; 1.69 ± 1.80) vs. control (0.08 ± 0.28; 4.39 ± 3.78). In sum, 30-min social media use was associated with reduced happiness, vigour and heightened perceptions of fatigue, and effected how able participants were to engage in TA, how positive their thoughts were, and how they communicated with teammates. Avoiding phone use prior to training and match-play may be worth considering. Further team-sport research could incorporate TA methods which the present study showed to be feasible, to understand more on players' cognitive processing in match-play.

研究表明，精神疲劳（MF）会对身体表现产生负面影响。然而，足球比赛中MF的影响尚未得到很好的理解，特别是对女性的影响，其对心理因素的影响也鲜为人知（例如，注意力集中）。本研究探讨了7对7小面比赛（ssg）中MF对女子足球的生理和心理影响。14名女子全国联赛球员（M年龄= 25.9±5.9岁）参加。在3 × 7分钟的ssg之前，实施了一项平衡交叉设计，包括MF（30分钟社交媒体使用）和对照条件（30分钟与队友坐在一起，没有电话），中间穿插2分钟休息。利用GPS监测工作输出。在ssg期间，参与者都有麦克风，并被要求“大声思考”（TA）；使用内容分析来检查玩家的注意力焦点和交流。MF（视觉模拟量表）和疲劳（BRUMS）在MF前和MF后增加（+1.95±1.45,p < .001; +2.57±3.33,p = .038），而对照组（p = 1.00）， MF组的快乐（BRUMS）低于对照组(-1.96±。68, p = .013)。在工作输出和RPE条件之间没有发现差异（ps >.05）。与对照组（30.00±17.84;1.54±2.11）相比，MF组总TA较低（p = 0.046），阳性表现相关TA较少（p = 0.022）（22.53±13.11;0.15±0.38）。与对照组（0.08±0.28;4.39±3.78）相比，MF组（0.85±1.07;1.69±1.80）有更多的负性非表现相关沟通（p = 0.031），与队友开玩笑（p = 0.020）较少。总而言之，30分钟的社交媒体使用与幸福感、活力和疲劳感的降低有关，并影响了参与者参与TA的能力、他们的想法有多积极以及他们与队友的沟通方式。在训练和比赛前避免使用手机可能值得考虑。进一步的团队运动研究可以采用本研究显示可行的TA方法，以更多地了解运动员在比赛中的认知加工。

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引用次数: 0

Chronic exercise and executive functions in older adults – the treasury of combined cognitive and motor exercise 老年人的慢性运动和执行功能——认知和运动联合锻炼的宝库慢性运动干预对健康老年人执行功能和最佳训练特征的影响：基于随机对照试验的系统综述。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103023

Bettina Wollesen , Claudia Voelker-Rehage

Executive functions (EFs) which include inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, typically decline with age. This increases the risk of falls and reduces independence and quality of life. Traditional interventions such as aerobic training, resistance training, and coordination training have demonstrated general benefits for cognitive health, with some studies reporting modest improvements in EFs. However, the evidence is mixed, with the effect sizes varying depending on the type of training and the design of the study.

A growing body of research supports cognitive-motor dual-task (CMDT) training, which combines physical and cognitive tasks. Among its variants, simultaneous CMDT, where both tasks are performed together, has shown the most promise. This method more effectively engages shared cognitive and motor resources and mirrors real-life multitasking demands. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses consistently suggest that simultaneous CMDT leads to greater improvements in EFs and dual-task performance than physical or cognitive training alone. It is also associated with enhanced mobility, reduced fall risk, and improved functional independence in older adults. The effectiveness of training depends on characteristics such as frequency, duration, and session length, though the role of intensity remains understudied.

In conclusion, while traditional physical training remains valuable, simultaneous CMDT stands out as a particularly effective and ecologically valid intervention for preserving executive and functional abilities in aging populations. There is also potential for its application to be expanded to age and clinical groups.

执行功能（EFs）包括抑制、工作记忆和认知灵活性，通常会随着年龄的增长而下降。这增加了跌倒的风险，降低了独立性和生活质量。传统的干预措施，如有氧训练、抗阻训练和协调性训练，已经证明对认知健康有普遍的好处，一些研究报告了ef的适度改善。然而，证据是混合的，效果大小取决于训练的类型和研究的设计。越来越多的研究支持认知-运动双任务（CMDT）训练，它结合了身体和认知任务。在其变体中，同时执行两项任务的同步CMDT显示出最大的希望。这种方法更有效地利用共享的认知和运动资源，并反映了现实生活中的多任务处理需求。系统综述和荟萃分析一致表明，同时进行CMDT比单独进行身体或认知训练更能改善ef和双任务表现。它还可以增强老年人的活动能力，降低跌倒风险，改善功能独立性。训练的有效性取决于频率、持续时间和训练时长等特征，但强度的作用仍未得到充分研究。总之，虽然传统的体育训练仍然有价值，但同时进行的CMDT作为一种特别有效和生态有效的干预措施，在保护老年人的执行和功能能力方面脱颖而出。它的应用也有可能扩展到年龄和临床群体。

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