Psychology of Sport and Exercise最新文献_第3页

Mindfulness during exercise and its effects on affective responses: a systematic review and meta-analysis with implications for exercise behavior 运动中的正念及其对情感反应的影响：对运动行为影响的系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103054

Jiao Liu , Wen-Jing Liu , Yue Qiu , Zhi-Xiong Mao

Affective experiences play a central role in sustaining exercise participation, and mindfulness-based approaches have been proposed to enhance these experiences by promoting greater awareness and acceptance during physical activity. This review synthesized current evidence on mindfulness-based exercise interventions that intentionally integrated mindfulness into movement (e.g., walking, running) to examine their effects on affective responses and exercise behavior. Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review, and 13 contributed to the meta-analysis. A three-level random-effects model showed a significant positive effect of mindfulness-based exercise interventions on affective responses (g = 0.41, 95 % CI [0.19, 0.63], p < .001). Moderator analyses indicated that baseline PA level significantly influenced outcomes, with greater benefits for highly active (b = 0.51, p < .001) and unspecified samples (b = 0.80, p < .001), whereas other moderators—including exercise intensity, duration, frequency, setting, control group type, and affect type—were not significant. Despite consistent positive effects on affective responses, the overall certainty of evidence was limited by methodological heterogeneity, small and homogeneous samples, and inconsistent operationalization of mindfulness. Most studies lacked preparatory training, manipulation checks, or control of individual differences such as trait mindfulness and prior meditation experience, constraining interpretability and generalizability. Moreover, few studies examined behavioral outcomes, leaving the mindfulness–affect–behavior pathway largely untested. Future research should employ more rigorous, theoretically grounded, and longitudinal designs to clarify how mindfulness shapes affective and behavioral adaptations to exercise.

情感体验在维持运动参与中发挥着核心作用，并且已经提出了基于正念的方法，通过在体育活动中促进更大的意识和接受来增强这些体验。本综述综合了以正念为基础的运动干预的现有证据，这些干预有意地将正念融入到运动中（如散步、跑步），以检查它们对情感反应和运动行为的影响。17项研究符合系统评价的纳入标准，13项研究用于荟萃分析。三水平随机效应模型显示，正念运动干预对情感反应有显著的积极影响（g = 0.41, 95% CI [0.19, 0.63], p < .001）。调节因子分析表明，基线PA水平显著影响结果，对高运动（b = 0.51, p < .001）和未指定样本（b = 0.80, p < .001）有更大的益处，而其他调节因子——包括运动强度、持续时间、频率、设置、对照组类型和影响类型——不显著。尽管对情感反应有一致的积极影响，但证据的总体确定性受到方法异质性、小而均匀的样本和不一致的正念操作化的限制。大多数研究缺乏预备训练、操作检查或个体差异的控制，如特质正念和先前的冥想经验，限制了可解释性和概括性。此外，很少有研究考察行为结果，这使得正念影响行为的途径在很大程度上未经检验。未来的研究应该采用更严格的、有理论基础的和纵向的设计来阐明正念如何塑造对锻炼的情感和行为适应。

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引用次数: 0

Progress or performance in anti-doping (social science) research? A critical reflection on achievements and future directions 反兴奋剂（社会科学）研究的进展与表现？对成就和未来方向的批判性反思。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103052

Andrea Petróczi , Cornelia Blank

Objective

Over the past 25 years, anti-doping research has grown substantially in scope and visibility, yet its progress has been uneven. This commentary challenges the field's self-perception of advancement, arguing that despite notable achievements, conceptual blind spots and structural inertia continue to constrain meaningful innovation.

Methods

We analysed doping-related studies published in Psychology of Sport and Exercise - the field's flagship journal - as a core sample and critically reflected on the invited expert narrative review (Backhouse & Patterson, 2025). Our analysis examined the field's empirical achievements and theoretical developments, with particular attention to its limitations, gaps, methodological and structural barriers, and emerging opportunities for future research.

Results

While both analyses showed that scholarship has matured from individualistic toward systemic perspectives, progress remains hindered by methodological conservatism, WEIRD-centric (Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich and Democratic) bias, limited cross-cultural engagement and dominance of sub-elite samples. Foundational constructs such as attitudes, motivations, values, vulnerability, as well as doping and clean sport behaviours, remain under-theorised and inconsistently operationalised. Continued reliance on familiar frameworks and short-term agendas, combined with fragmented policy translation, traps psychology of doping and anti-doping research in rhetoric over real progress, risking the reinforcement of the very hierarchies and blind spots it seeks to address.

Conclusion

The field must confront its own epistemic comfort zones. Future progress demands research capacity-building in underrepresented regions, theoretical diversification beyond established psychological models, blue-sky research agendas, and genuine co-creation with affected communities. Viewing doping as a wicked problem that is complex, value-laden, and politically contested should replace reductionist framings that oversimplify behaviour and morality into binary choices. Embracing methodological pluralism, epistemic diversity, and structural self-scrutiny is essential if anti-doping (social science) research is to evolve from chronicling problems to producing ethically grounded, context-sensitive answers.

目的：在过去的25年里，反兴奋剂研究在范围和知名度上都有了很大的发展，但其进展并不均衡。这篇评论挑战了该领域对进步的自我认知，认为尽管取得了显著成就，但概念盲点和结构性惰性继续制约着有意义的创新。方法：我们分析了发表在体育与运动心理学（该领域的旗舰期刊）上的兴奋剂相关研究，作为核心样本，并对邀请的专家叙述评论进行了批判性反思（Backhouse & Patterson, 2025）。我们的分析考察了该领域的实证成就和理论发展，特别关注其局限性、差距、方法和结构障碍，以及未来研究的新机会。结果：虽然这两项分析都表明，学术研究已经从个人主义走向系统视角，但进展仍然受到方法论保守主义、以weird为中心（西方、受过教育的、工业的、富裕的和民主的）偏见、有限的跨文化参与和亚精英样本的主导地位的阻碍。诸如态度、动机、价值观、脆弱性以及兴奋剂和干净的体育行为等基本结构仍然缺乏理论化和不一致的操作。继续依赖于熟悉的框架和短期议程，再加上支离破碎的政策翻译，将兴奋剂心理学和反兴奋剂研究置于花言巧语之中，而不是真正的进展，这有可能强化其寻求解决的等级制度和盲点。结论：该领域必须面对自己的认知舒适区。未来的进展需要在代表性不足的地区建立研究能力、在已建立的心理学模型之外实现理论多样化、蓝天研究议程以及与受影响社区真正的共同创造。将兴奋剂视为一个复杂的、充满价值和政治争议的邪恶问题，应该取代将行为和道德过度简化为二元选择的简化主义框架。如果反兴奋剂（社会科学）研究要从记录问题发展到产生基于伦理的、对环境敏感的答案，那么拥抱方法论的多元主义、认知的多样性和结构性的自我审视是必不可少的。

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引用次数: 0

Competitive sport experience is associated with reduced off-field aggression and distinct functional brain connectivity 竞技体育经历与减少场外攻击和明显的功能性大脑连接有关。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103051

Yujing Huang , Zhuofei Lin , Chenglin Zhou , Yingying Wang , Mengkai Luan

Background

While aggression has been widely studied in clinical and forensic contexts, its expression in healthy individuals, particularly athletes, is less well understood. Competitive sport experience may be linked to trait aggression through experience-related changes in large-scale brain networks, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to examine whether long-term engagement in competitive athletics is associated with intrinsic functional connectivity related to trait aggression, focusing on off-field behaviors.

Methods

We combined group- and individual-level analyses to examine neural correlates of trait aggression in 84 athletes and 106 non-athletes. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) was assessed using Network-Based Statistics (NBS) for group differences and Connectome-Based Predictive Modeling (CPM) to predict aggression traits from AQ-CV scores.

Results

Athletes scored lower on total aggression and four of the five subscales. NBS identified a widespread subnetwork of stronger connectivity in athletes, spanning nine brain networks. CPM revealed that total and physical aggression were predicted by distributed RSFC patterns, primarily negative associations across prefrontal, motor, and subcortical regions. Self-directed aggression was predicted by a smaller, more selective network. Notably, four overlapping edges linked NBS and CPM findings, connecting group-level differences to individual aggression variability.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that competitive sport experience is associated with distinct functional integration across brain systems involved in emotion regulation and motor control, which may underlie athletes’ reduced off-field aggression. This work provides novel insights into the neural basis of aggression in non-clinical populations and highlights the value of combining multilevel connectivity analyses.

背景：虽然攻击性在临床和法医环境中得到了广泛的研究，但其在健康个体，特别是运动员中的表达却鲜为人知。竞技体育经历可能通过大规模大脑网络的经验相关变化与特质攻击有关，但潜在的神经机制尚不清楚。目的：本研究旨在探讨长期参与竞技体育是否与特质攻击相关的内在功能连通性有关，重点研究场外行为。方法：对84名运动员和106名非运动员进行群体和个体水平的分析。静息状态功能连通性（RSFC）采用基于网络统计（NBS）的分组差异和基于连接体的预测模型（CPM）的攻击特征预测。结果：运动员在总攻击性和5个分量表中的4个分量表得分较低。NBS在运动员身上发现了一个更强连接的广泛子网络，横跨9个大脑网络。CPM结果显示，总的攻击行为和肢体攻击行为是由分布的RSFC模式预测的，主要是前额叶、运动和皮层下区域的负相关。自我导向攻击是由一个更小、更有选择性的网络预测的。值得注意的是，四个重叠的边缘将NBS和CPM的发现联系起来，将群体水平的差异与个体攻击变异性联系起来。结论：我们的研究结果表明，竞技体育经历与涉及情绪调节和运动控制的大脑系统的独特功能整合有关，这可能是运动员减少场外攻击的基础。这项工作为非临床人群的攻击行为的神经基础提供了新的见解，并强调了结合多层次连接分析的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Differential associations between physical activity and affect in the context of daily life: Insights from a daily diary study of adolescent girls 日常生活中体育活动与情感之间的差异关联：来自青春期女孩日常日记研究的见解。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103039

Iman F. Khan , Jessica M. Dollar , Jaclyn P. Maher

Background

Adolescent girls experience higher rates of physical inactivity and affective disorders compared to their male peers. Yet, few studies have used intensive longitudinal methods to explore relations between physical activity and affect in the context of daily life in this population. Further, most research investigating within-person relations between physical activity and affect have not differentiated between levels of activation in positive or negative affect constructs.

Methods

Adolescent girls (n = 66, 12–18 years) completed a 28-day daily diary study. Each evening, girls reported their moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and affect for that day. Daily composite scores for positive activated and deactivated affect as well as negative activated and deactivated affect were created. Multilevel models regressed daily affect on between- and within-person MVPA, controlling for the previous day's affect.

Results

At the within-person level, on days when girls engaged in more MVPA than was typical for them, they reported an increase in positive activated affect (B = 0.13, p < 0.01), and negative deactivated affect (B = 0.02, p = 0.04), but a decrease in positive deactivated affect (B = −0.02, p = 0.02) on those days. At the between-person level, girls who tended to engage in more MVPA overall, reported more positive activated affect (B = 0.04, p = 0.04).

Conclusion

Accounting for activation in conceptualizations of affect reveals nuances in associations between daily physical activity and affect among adolescent girls. Future research should examine these processes within and across days to better understand acute relations between physical activity and affect in diverse adolescent girls.

背景：与同龄男性相比，青春期女孩的缺乏身体活动和情感障碍发生率更高。然而，很少有研究使用密集的纵向方法来探索这一人群日常生活中身体活动与情绪之间的关系。此外，大多数调查身体活动和情感之间的人际关系的研究并没有区分积极或消极情感构念的激活水平。方法：青春期女孩（n=66, 12-18岁）完成了一项为期28天的每日日记研究。每天晚上，女孩们报告他们的中度到剧烈的身体活动（MVPA）和当天的影响。创造了积极的激活和去激活的情感以及消极的激活和去激活的情感的每日综合得分。多层模型回归了人与人之间和人与人之间的日常影响，控制了前一天的影响。结果：在个人层面上，当女孩比正常情况下参与更多的MVPA时，她们报告的积极激活的情感增加（B=0.13, p）。结论：考虑到情感概念化的激活，揭示了青春期女孩日常体育活动和情感之间的细微差别。未来的研究应该在几天内和几天内检查这些过程，以更好地了解不同青春期女孩的身体活动和影响之间的急性关系。

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引用次数: 0

“It's not Fair!”: Multisensory reaction time differences between D/deaf and hearing populations in athletics starting systems “这不公平！”田径起跑系统中聋人与健全人的多感觉反应时间差异。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103038

Elizabeth R. Steele , Gavin P. Lawrence , Michael A. Khan , Eleri S. Jones , Elizabeth A. Purbrick , Victoria M. Gottwald

When competing alongside hearing athletes in athletics, D/deaf athletes are typically faced with variable starting systems (e.g., lights, flags, vibrating armbands), which run concurrently with an auditory stimulus to encourage inclusion. However, a lack of consistency with regards to technologies adopted has led to inequitable opportunities for fast reaction times (RTs) between D/deaf and hearing athletes. Given that RT is a critical element of performance in sprint events, the aim of the current series of studies was to determine whether current starting systems present a disadvantage for D/deaf athletes. We tested RT differences between unimodal and bimodal – auditory, visual, and haptic stimuli across D/deaf and hearing populations in lab-based (Study 1) and field-based (Study 2) environments. Analyses for Studies 1 and 2 confirmed RT advantages for individuals able to access bimodal stimuli (e.g., hearing athletes accessing both auditory and visual stimuli). Findings support a visual-haptic configuration as the most equitable (and fastest) stimulus composition between populations. We then used semi-structured interviews (Study 3) to comprehensively explore the insights and experiences of existing starting systems from key personnel (e.g., athletes, coaches, NGBs). Three themes were developed using reflexive thematic analysis: (1) knowing when to go – experiences of starting systems; (2) organisational challenges; and (3) from awareness to action. Across the three studies, we provide insights into the limitations of current practice that culminates in a series of applied recommendations. Findings may be instrumental in informing UK Athletics and World Athletics policy regulations around starting systems to improve equity for D/deaf athletes.

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Note

For a British Sign Language version of the abstract scan the QR code.

当在田径比赛中与听力正常的运动员一起比赛时，聋人运动员通常面临着可变的启动系统（例如，灯光，旗帜，振动臂带），这些系统与听觉刺激同时运行，以鼓励包容。然而，由于所采用的技术缺乏一致性，导致聋人运动员和听力正常运动员在快速反应时间（RTs）方面的机会不公平。鉴于RT是短跑项目中表现的关键因素，本系列研究的目的是确定当前的起跑系统是否对D/聋人运动员不利。我们在实验室（研究1）和现场（研究2）环境中测试了D/聋人和听力正常人群中单峰和双峰听觉、视觉和触觉刺激的RT差异。研究1和研究2的分析证实，能够获得双峰刺激的个体（例如，听力正常的运动员同时获得听觉和视觉刺激）具有RT优势。研究结果支持视觉-触觉配置是人群之间最公平（和最快）的刺激组合。然后，我们使用半结构化访谈（研究3）来全面探索关键人员（如运动员、教练、NGBs）对现有启动系统的见解和经验。使用反身性主题分析开发了三个主题：(1)知道何时开始-启动系统的经验；(2)组织挑战；(3)从意识到行动。在这三项研究中，我们提供了对当前实践局限性的见解，并最终提出了一系列应用建议。研究结果可能有助于为英国田径和世界田径政策规定提供有关启动系统的信息，以提高聋人运动员的公平性。注：对于英国手语版本的摘要扫描QR码1。

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引用次数: 0

The association between trait mindfulness and mental fatigue-related neurocognitive function and endurance performance in athletes 特质正念与运动员精神疲劳相关的神经认知功能和耐力表现之间的关系

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103037

Jui-Ti Nien , Yan-Fei Weng , Chueh-Yin Chen , Yun-Rui Yang , Wei-Chiun Wu , Yu-Hsiang Nien , Yu-Kai Chang

Purpose

The present study aims to examine whether trait mindfulness in athletes is associated with impairments in neurocognitive function and endurance performance resulting from mental fatigue.

Methods

Ninety athletes aged 18–25 years were recruited and categorized into higher trait mindfulness (HM, n = 27), intermediate trait mindfulness (IM, n = 35), and lower trait mindfulness (LM, n = 28). Participants completed the two sessions using a counterbalanced design, in which the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) was administered for mental fatigue session (MF; incongruent SCWT) and a control session (CON; congruent SCWT). Following SCWT, behavioral and neuroelectric outcomes of neurocognitive function were measured using Flanker task with electroencephalography recording. Endurance performance outcomes were measured using the graded exercise test (GXT). Task motivation and mood states were assessed as secondary outcome.

Results

HM showed higher accuracy on incongruent Flanker trials following the SCWT than LM. The HM and IM showed similar time to exhaustion in GXT between MF and CON, whereas LM showed shorter time to exhaustion and increased negative mood states in the MF.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that higher trait mindfulness is associated with better inhibitory control following a prior cognitive task, and less susceptible to mental fatigue-related impairments in endurance performance and mood among athletes, highlighting the value of trait mindfulness under mental fatigue.

目的探讨运动员正念特质是否与精神疲劳导致的神经认知功能和耐力表现受损有关。方法选取90名年龄在18 ~ 25岁的运动员，分为高特质正念组（HM, n = 27）、中级特质正念组（IM, n = 35）和低特质正念组（LM, n = 28）。参与者使用平衡设计完成了两个测试，其中对精神疲劳测试（MF；不一致SCWT）和对照测试（CON；一致SCWT）进行了Stroop颜色和单词测试（SCWT）。SCWT结束后，采用侧卫任务和脑电图记录测量神经认知功能的行为和神经电结果。耐力表现结果采用分级运动试验（GXT）测量。任务动机和情绪状态被评估为次要结果。结果在SCWT后的不一致侧卫试验中，shm的准确率高于LM。在MF和CON之间，大鼠和IM在GXT中表现出相似的疲劳时间，而大鼠在MF中表现出更短的疲劳时间和增加的负性情绪状态。结论较高的特质正念与较好的前一项认知任务后抑制控制相关，且不易受到与精神疲劳相关的耐力表现和情绪损害的影响，突出了特质正念在精神疲劳下的价值。

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引用次数: 0

The explore-exploit trade-off in sports and exercise: a primer on empirical and computational approaches 体育和锻炼中的探索-利用权衡：经验和计算方法的入门。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103036

Katja Rewitz , Nicolas W. Schuck , Wanja Wolff

Sports and exercise require constant on-the-fly decision-making from professional athletes and recreational exercisers alike. In the final minutes of a game, a team may for instance face the choice of sticking with their current strategy, or surprising the opponents with a new approach. Such decisions can be framed in terms of an exploration-exploitation trade-off: the need to balance exploiting a certain outcome with the potentials and risks that come with trying out something new. The explore-exploit framework has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of decision-making across fields such as cognitive science, behavioral economics, and clinical psychology. However, its potential remains largely untapped in sports and exercise psychology, where it could provide valuable insights into decision-making processes, because in sports and exercise, decisions naturally occur in dynamic, uncertain environments with fluctuating rewards and inherent costs. We propose that integrating standardized computational decision-making paradigms to formally investigate the mechanisms underlying exploration-exploitation decisions in sport contexts is a promising approach for our field. Applying these paradigms can provide novel insights into how athletes and exercisers navigate high-stakes, dynamic environments, identifying the factors that shape exploration-exploitation strategies in athletic performance. These insights might enhance training methodologies, optimize decision-making under pressure, and deepen our understanding of human adaptability in complex environments. Furthermore, studying this trade-off in elite sports presents unique opportunities for basic research, offering a setting for examining the limits of human decision-making and the generalizability of cognitive models to peak performance settings.

运动和锻炼都需要专业运动员和休闲锻炼者不断地做出决策。例如，在比赛的最后几分钟，一支球队可能会面临选择，是坚持当前的策略，还是用新的方法让对手大吃一惊。这样的决定可以用探索与开发的权衡来定义：需要在开发某种结果与尝试新事物带来的潜力和风险之间取得平衡。探索-利用框架在促进我们对认知科学、行为经济学和临床心理学等领域的决策的理解方面发挥了重要作用。然而，它在体育和运动心理学方面的潜力在很大程度上仍未得到开发，它可以为决策过程提供有价值的见解，因为在体育和运动中，决策自然发生在动态的、不确定的环境中，奖励和固有成本波动不定。我们提出，整合标准化的计算决策范式来正式研究体育背景下探索开发决策的机制是我们领域的一种有前途的方法。应用这些范式可以为运动员和锻炼者如何驾驭高风险、动态的环境提供新的见解，并确定运动表现中形成探索利用策略的因素。这些见解可能会增强训练方法，优化压力下的决策，并加深我们对人类在复杂环境中的适应性的理解。此外，在精英体育运动中研究这种权衡为基础研究提供了独特的机会，为检查人类决策的局限性和认知模型在最佳表现环境中的普遍性提供了一个环境。

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引用次数: 0

The role of personal identity for sports and exercise across the life span: Mediating processes and determinants 个人身份在整个生命周期中运动和锻炼的作用：中介过程和决定因素。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103035

Klaus Rothermund

In this article, I discuss the role of personal identity for engagement in physical exercise. While being a most powerful determinant of an individual's level of physical exercise, the identity of a person is still a distal predictor that does not immediately translate into specific behaviours. Important questions thus relate to the processes that mediate effects of personal identity on behaviour and developmental outcomes. Cybernetic models focusing on negative feedback loops (discrepancy detection and corrective processes) provide only a limited understanding of these processes, and have to be complemented with other motivational accounts that specify a more proactive role for identity in the selection of goals and in seeking and engaging in opportunities to become physically active. Furthermore, to increase the potential of identity-related theories for the development of interventions, it is necessary to reflect on the determinants of identity in the domain of physical activity. Processes of accommodation and internalization figure prominently in explaining differences in activity-related identities, especially in later phases of life where many individuals internalize negative age stereotypes of being incapable of physical activity.

在这篇文章中，我讨论了个人身份在参与体育锻炼中的作用。虽然一个人的身份是一个人的体育锻炼水平的最有力的决定因素，但它仍然是一个远端预测因素，不能立即转化为具体的行为。因此，重要的问题涉及到调解个人身份对行为和发展结果的影响的过程。关注负反馈循环（差异检测和纠正过程）的控制论模型只提供了对这些过程的有限理解，并且必须与其他动机解释相补充，这些解释在选择目标和寻求和参与机会中为身份指定了更积极的角色。此外，为了增加干预措施发展的身份相关理论的潜力，有必要反思身体活动领域的身份决定因素。适应和内化的过程在解释这些差异时发挥了重要作用，特别是在生命的后期，许多人内化了无法进行身体活动的负面年龄刻板印象。

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引用次数: 0

FEPSAC Newsletter

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103030

Rita de Oliveira, Yago Ramis

引用次数: 0

Caregiver gender bias in youth sport: The effects of implicit and explicit gender associations on support and pressure 青少年体育照顾者性别偏见：内隐和外显性别关联对支持和压力的影响

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103034

Corliss Bean , Ross M. Murray , Shannon Kerwin , Michele K. Donnelly

Implicit and explicit gender associations influence perceptions and behaviors in meaningful ways, including caregivers' youth sport decisions. Caregiver support and pressure play key roles in shaping youth sport experiences. This study examined the extent to which Canadian youth sport caregivers held implicit and explicit gender associations related to sport and whether associations were related to support or pressure placed on their children. A secondary aim was to examine whether these relationships differed based on child's gender. Two-hundred forty Canadian caregivers (49.6 % women) of cisgender boys and cisgender girls involved in youth sport completed an online survey that included demographic questions, measures of support and pressure in sport, one explicit gender-sport association question, and a Single-Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT) to assess implicit gender-sport associations. Caregivers reported significant explicit gender bias, with scores above the midpoint, indicating a stronger association between sport and men. Conversely, no significant implicit gender bias was observed. Regression analyses indicated that implicit gender bias interacted with child's gender and was associated with caregiver behaviors. Caregivers who implicitly associated sport with boys reported less support for their daughters (b = −0.216, p = .048) and less pressure for their sons (b = −0.490, p = .038). Explicit bias was not significantly associated with support or pressure. Findings suggest caregivers' unconscious associations with sport may shape their behaviors toward their children in gendered ways. There is a need for continued efforts to promote girls' sport participation as valued, helping shift broader cultural narratives around gender and sport.

内隐和外显性别关联以有意义的方式影响感知和行为，包括照顾者的青少年体育决策。照顾者的支持和压力在塑造青少年体育体验方面发挥着关键作用。这项研究调查了加拿大青少年体育看护者与体育相关的隐性和显性性别联系的程度，以及这种联系是否与对孩子的支持或压力有关。第二个目的是研究这些关系是否因孩子的性别而不同。参与青少年体育运动的240名加拿大顺性男孩和顺性女孩的照顾者（49.6%为女性）完成了一项在线调查，调查内容包括人口统计问题、体育运动中的支持和压力测量、一个明确的性别-体育联系问题和一个单类别内隐联系测试（SC-IAT），以评估内隐的性别-体育联系。照顾者报告了明显的性别偏见，得分高于中点，表明运动和男性之间有更强的联系。相反，没有观察到明显的内隐性别偏见。回归分析表明，内隐性别偏见与儿童性别相互作用，并与照顾者行为相关。含蓄地将运动与男孩联系在一起的照顾者对女儿的支持较少（b = - 0.216, p = 0.048），对儿子的压力较小（b = - 0.490, p = 0.038）。显性偏见与支持或压力没有显著关联。研究结果表明，照顾者对运动的无意识联系可能会以性别方式塑造他们对孩子的行为。有必要继续努力促进女孩参与体育运动的价值，帮助改变围绕性别和体育的更广泛的文化叙事。

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