Psychology of Sport and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"Trails, traits, and mental states: Psychological differences between competitive and recreational sub-ultra and ultramarathon runners","authors":"Annabel de Jong,&nbsp;Nathan W. Pitchford,&nbsp;Mark R. Hinder,&nbsp;Allison J. Matthews","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychological trait differences between ultrarunners (completing more than a standard 42.195 km marathon) and sub-ultrarunners (≤42.195 km) have been assumed, but not robustly examined. The current study investigated trait differences between competitive and recreational runners at sub-ultra and ultramarathon distances. Six hundred and eleven participants (334 recreational, 400 sub-ultrarunner) completed an online, anonymous survey assessing five traits: mental toughness (MT), grit, motivation, general self-efficacy (GSE), and personality. Bayesian ANOVAs indicated at least moderate evidence for differences within Distance for grit-perseverance of effort (PE) and intrinsic motivation (IM), such that ultrarunners scored higher than sub-ultrarunners. Similarly, we observed at least moderate evidence that competitive runners scored higher than recreational runners on overall grit, grit-PE, GSE, IM, and extrinsic motivation (EM). Interaction effects provided moderate evidence for greater MT and overall grit in competitive ultrarunners. Evidence for other differences were anecdotal or favoured the null hypothesis. This study represents a novel investigation into the psychological makeup of runners. We suggest that aspects of motivation, grit, and self-efficacy, but not personality, may differentiate competitive from recreational runners, and ultrarunners from sub-ultrarunners. The identification of these trait differences may benefit runners and coaches wanting to progress in distance or competition level, with broader application to workplace or academic contexts. Further research is needed to develop a clearer conceptualisation of mental toughness, and build upon the novel findings of this study, particularly given the paucity of literature that exists within this context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102765"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Football belongs to the people: A social identity perspective on attitudes toward the European Super League in the English Premier League","authors":"Paul Bertin ,&nbsp;Ricky Green ,&nbsp;Mikey Biddlestone","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The announcement of the European Super League (ESL) led to massive protests in England. While the ESL is officially being reshaped and may resurface, there is a dearth of empirical studies on the motives associated with attitudes toward the ESL. In this research, we explored attitudes toward the ESL among Premier League fans by conducting an online survey 36 h after the ESL announcement (<em>N</em> = 1,346 fans of Premier League clubs, among which 832 fans of the Big Six clubs involved in the ESL). Fans of the Big Six held more positive attitudes toward the ESL compared to fans of the Other 14 Premier League clubs. However, fans of the Big Six also perceived the ESL as more threatening to their relationship with their team and reported less consumption intentions toward their clubs. From a social identity perspective, team narcissism among fans was positively linked to support for the ESL, primarily through glory hunting—a form of fair-weather fandom. In contrast, secure team identification was negatively related to ESL support. We discuss attractiveness of the ESL for team narcissists and the threat it represents for long-standing fans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102764"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pick your battles: Elite ski-jumpers’ motives affect world cup performance depending on competition type","authors":"Florian Müller,&nbsp;Stephan Hocke,&nbsp;Rouwen Cañal-Bruland","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to motive disposition theory, athletes high in affiliation motivation should find team contexts more rewarding than individual contexts, and hence perform better in team than in individual competitions. The opposite is predicted for athletes high in power motivation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to test these hypotheses in an elite sample (here: ski jumping athletes) based on archived worldcup competition data from both individual and team competitions on the one hand, and self-reported and projectively assessed motives on the other hand. Results confirmed that even at the highest levels of professional sports, individual differences in motives show systematic relationships to competition performance. First, the negative impact of athletes' projectively assessed affiliation motive in individual competitions was significantly attenuated in team competitions, indicating that these represent more favorable conditions for athletes high in affiliation. Second, the projectively assessed power motive exhibited an overall negative relationship to performance. In contrast, self-reported achievement and affiliation motives showed a positive relationship to performance. These findings attest to the role of personality differences in predicting motor performance variability in elite sports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102749"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The psychology of rock climbing: A systematic review","authors":"Kevin Mangan,&nbsp;Kathryn Andrews,&nbsp;Brad Miles,&nbsp;Nick Draper","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Psychology plays an important role in rock climbing performance and safety. Many studies have examined the psychology of rock climbing, a sport that has grown in popularity and status over the past few decades.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review aimed to summarize published research on the psychology of rock climbing, find commonalities and disagreements within the current research and illuminate future research areas.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search was conducted in three electronic databases (Scopus, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus) in July 2023. Key search terms such as ‘sport climbing’ and ‘psychology’ were included and combined using the operators “AND”, “OR”. The search syntax initially identified 504 records. After screening abstracts and full texts, 83 studies examining the psychology of rock climbing remained.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Studies were sorted by whether they measured climbing-specific or psychological variables. Climbers are conscientious, intrinsically motivated and task-oriented. Flow is brought on by novel, challenging climbing situations and increases enjoyment and performance. Climbing ability correlates with self-confidence, decision-making ability, tactile and spatial perception and anxiety facilitation. Better and more experienced climbers better manage risk with less psychophysiological effects. Weaknesses of the current body of literature and avenues for future research were highlighted.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Findings from this review suggest rock climbers are a unique group of athletes who balance risk with performance in different environments. Flow, confidence, anxiety facilitation and perception all play key roles in climbing performance. The optimal levels and development of these and more psychological variables have yet to be clarified by existing literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between moral disengagement and prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Lianghao Zhu ,&nbsp;Bojun Zhou ,&nbsp;Junli Hou ,&nbsp;Jingqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yuning Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to summarize the available evidence on the extent of the association between moral disengagement (MD) and prosocial behavior (PB) and antisocial behavior (AB) in sport.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A systematic review and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seven databases were systematically searched and literature screening. The CMA Version 3.3 was applied to estimate confidence intervals for the average effect sizes. The <em>Q</em> statistic and <em>I</em>-squared index were used to test for heterogeneity. Funnel plots, fail-safe numbers (<em>N</em>_<em>fs</em>), and Egger’s linear regression were used to analyze publication bias. Sensitivity analyses were used to identify outliers, and subgroup analyses and meta-regression were used to test potential moderators.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-nine studies were included, and the results showed the negative correlation between MD and PB in sport was small in size (<em>r</em> = −0.22, 95 % CI [-0.30, −0.14]), while the positive correlation between MD and AB in sport was large in size (<em>r</em> = 0.53, 95 % CI [0.48, 0.59]). More specifically, MD was negatively correlated with PB toward teammates (<em>r</em> = −0.07, 95 % CI [-0.12, −0.01]) and PB toward opponents (<em>r</em> = −0.09, 95 % CI [-0.18, −0.01]), with very small effect sizes, but positively correlated with AB toward teammates (<em>r</em> = 0.43, 95 % CI [0.35, 0.51]) and AB toward opponents (<em>r</em> = 0.56, 95 % CI [0.49, 0.63]), with medium to large effect sizes. Subgroup analyses revealed that individualism-collectivism and sports type moderated the association between MD and AB.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Mechanisms of moral disengagement were more strongly associated with antisocial behaviors than prosocial behaviors in sport. In the future, there is a necessity to conduct further research on non-contact sports and different subtypes of antisocial behavior using high-quality study designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102762"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142396493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of a group-based running session on feelings of energy and fatigue: No augmenting effect of green exercise during the defoliation season","authors":"Fabien D. Legrand ,&nbsp;Philippe Jeandet ,&nbsp;Guillaume Polidori ,&nbsp;Fabien Beaumont ,&nbsp;Ryan E. Rhodes","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This randomized controlled trial investigated the impact of a brief session of group-based running on feelings of energy and fatigue, comparing exercise in a local nature reserve <em>versus</em> an outdoor built environment, and a sedentary control condition. Sixty-six physically active university students participated, with 56 providing full data for each time point. Consistent with previous research, participants in both exercise groups reported significantly increased energy and decreased fatigue compared to those in the sedentary control group. However, the type of outdoor environment did not significantly influence the magnitude of improvements. Contrary to expectations, there was no significant difference in energy enhancement or fatigue mitigation between participants who jogged in a local nature reserve <em>versus</em> those who jogged on a cinder track in an urbanized area. The study discusses potential reasons for this, including seasonal variations in forest volatile organic compounds (FVOCs) concentrations, which may impact the psychological effects associated with forest environments. Further research is needed to better understand the complex relationship between exercise, environment, and feelings of energy/feelings of fatigue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102760"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A psychological intervention reduces doping likelihood in Italian athletes: A replication and extension","authors":"Maria Kavussanu ,&nbsp;Enrico Rubaltelli ,&nbsp;Irene Leo ,&nbsp;Philip Hurst ,&nbsp;Marta Giovannoni ,&nbsp;Vassilis Barkoukis ,&nbsp;Fabio Lucidi ,&nbsp;Simone D'Ambrogio ,&nbsp;Christopher Ring","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on doping prevention has proliferated in recent years as evidenced by the development of several anti-doping interventions. However, researchers have rarely examined whether an anti-doping intervention delivered and evaluated in one population is similarly effective in a different population. The purpose of our research was to determine whether the psychological intervention developed by Kavussanu et al. (2022) and originally delivered in British and Greek athletes, was equally effective as a standard educational intervention in preventing doping (i.e., by influencing our primary and secondary outcomes) in young Italian athletes. Eligible participants were identified via a screening survey administered to 540 athletes from 46 clubs in Italy. A total of 15 sport clubs (121 athletes; 16.95 % female; aged 18.52 ± 2.15 years) were assigned to one of three conditions: a psychological intervention, an educational intervention, or a no-intervention control group. Each intervention consisted of six 1-h sessions delivered to small groups of athletes over six weeks. Athletes completed measures of doping likelihood, anticipated guilt, moral disengagement, and self-regulatory efficacy pre-intervention, post-intervention, and two months later. Control group participants completed the same measures at the same time points. The two interventions were similarly effective in reducing doping likelihood and increasing anticipated guilt from pre to post, while the control group showed no change; these effects were maintained at follow up. Both interventions reduced moral disengagement and increased self-regulatory efficacy from pre to post relative to the control group, and these effects were maintained at follow-up. In conclusion, our study broadly replicates previous findings and highlights the need for anti-doping organizations to target psychological variables and doping-relevant information in anti-doping education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 102761"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The “three-point shooting paradox”: An artifact or a real phenomenon? Replication with large-scale National Basketball Association (NBA) data","authors":"Elia Morgulev","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychological science is often being criticized for failing to reproduce some of its findings. Considering this critique, Iso-Ahola (2024) argues that it is important to establish a demarcation line between artifact and a real phenomenon, recognizing that psychological phenomena are not constant particles that can be definitively declared to exist or not exist upon discovery. In this brief paper, we utilize newly available large-scale data to replicate a finding by Lidor et al. (2022), who reported a psychological effect wherein professional basketball players shoot better under tight defensive pressure rather than free of it. The current analysis of 781,663 three-point shots over 11 seasons in NBA (as compared to 382 shots taken by 12 players during 12 games in the original study) failed to support the idea of the three-point shooting paradox but instead strongly supports the commonsense hypothesis that tight defense hinders shooting performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102759"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in motivational dynamics between experienced cyclists and untrained participants during an incremental endurance exercise task","authors":"Izzy. G. Wellings,&nbsp;Richard Ferguson,&nbsp;Ian M. Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The conflict between the desire to reduce effort during exercise and the performance goal of the exercise task contributes to explaining endurance exercise performance. However, whether the trajectories of these two motivational responses systematically differ across individuals with different characteristics is poorly understood. The present study examined whether changes in desire to reduce effort and performance goal value across moderate, heavy, and severe exercise intensity domains differed between cyclists and untrained, but active participants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty participants (14 cyclists and 36 untrained) completed an incremental step test on a cycle ergometer, in which work rate was increased by 25 W every 4 min until voluntary exhaustion. Desire to reduce effort, performance goal value, and blood lactate concentration (for determination of exercise intensity domains) were measured every 4 min and the data were analysed using multilevel modelling.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Desire to reduce effort increased quicker for untrained participants in the moderate exercise intensity domain (<em>b</em> = 1.66, <em>p</em> &lt; .001) and across the whole trial (<em>b</em> = 1.64, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), compared to cyclists (<em>b</em> = .69, and <em>b</em> = 1.14, respectively, both <em>p</em> &lt; .001). Untrained participants reported similar performance goal value at the beginning of the trial (<em>b</em> = 16.02, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), compared to cyclists (<em>b</em> = 17.25, <em>p</em> &lt; .001). Beyond moderate intensities, the performance goal value decreased significantly for the untrained participants (<em>b</em> = −.70, <em>p</em> &lt; .001) but significantly increased for cyclists (<em>b</em> = .45, <em>p</em> = .01). This pattern was also observed when focusing solely on the severe intensity domain (cyclists: <em>b</em> = .90, <em>p</em> &lt; .001; untrained: <em>b</em> = −.84, <em>p</em> &lt; .001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There are distinct differences in the desire to reduce effort and performance goal value between cyclists and untrained athletes. Identifying these systematic differences enhances the credibility of the desire-goal conflict framework in explaining endurance performance and provides insight into the type and timing of interventions that might be successful in improving performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102753"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining football players' perceived social support across organizational levels and its links to holistic talent development outcomes in German youth academies","authors":"Svenja Wachsmuth ,&nbsp;Luca-Lars Hauser ,&nbsp;Fee C. Gierens ,&nbsp;Svenja A. Wolf ,&nbsp;Hans-Dieter Hermann ,&nbsp;Oliver Höner","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sport research highlights the significance of supportive relationships and a psychologically safe environment for promoting desirable talent development outcomes associated with young athletes' performance, wellbeing, and personal development. Against this background, this study aimed to investigate youth football players' perceived availability of different kinds of social support from various stakeholders along the talent pathway in German elite youth academies (1). It further sought to examine the link of such social support perceptions to wellbeing, sport commitment and individual performance satisfaction as relevant development outcomes (2). Finally, the study examined potential mechanism underlying these associations by considering psychological safety as a potential mediator (3). For this purpose, <em>N</em> = 271 youth academy players participating in teams of under-13s, under-15s, and under-17/19s age groups completed a multi-section online survey including the PASS-Q, PsySafety-Check, and WHO-5 as well as subscales of the ASQ (i.e., individual performance satisfaction) and YSCS (i.e., sport commitment). Multivariate analyses indicated significant differences in players' perceptions of social support depending on its kind and provider as well as on players' age group. Further, path models highlighted the importance of emotional and esteem support provided by coaches and management for players' talent development outcomes. However, psychological safety seemed to only play a minor role within those associations, partially mediating the effects of emotional support. Overall, these findings encourage a critical reflection of youth players' social support needs and opportunities to optimally address those within elite youth academies as prominent talent development environments in football.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102756"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}