Psychology of Sport and Exercise最新文献_第10页

Influence of environmental pressure and inhibitory control capacity on anxiety, mental workload and shooting performance in multitasking basketball contexts 环境压力和抑制控制能力对多任务篮球运动中焦虑、心理负荷和投篮表现的影响

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102960

A. Gutiérrez-Capote , J. Jiménez-Martínez , I. Madinabeitia , E. Torre , A.S. Leicht , M. Botía , F. Alarcón , D. Cárdenas

Background

Basketball shooting performance is crucial for match outcomes, often influenced by environmental pressure and anxiety. This study investigates how increased task demands and outcome consequences affect anxiety, mental workload, and shooting performance in multitasking basketball contexts. Additionally, it examines the moderating role of inhibitory control (IC) on these effects.

Methods

Thirty-nine youth basketball athletes (26 males and 13 females; age 14.9 ± 1.3 years) participated in two experimental sessions with varying levels of environmental manipulation: Low Environmental Manipulation (LEM) and High Environmental Manipulation (HEM), differing in the cognitive-motor complexity of the task and the consequences associated with performance outcomes. An intrasubject, repeated measures design was used, where participants performed multitasking activities involving dribbling and shooting under different rules and scoring systems. Anxiety, mental workload, and shooting performance were measured, along with participants' baseline IC.

Results

The HEM condition significantly increased anxiety (p < 0.001) and mental workload (p < 0.001) compared to the LEM condition, leading to a notable decrease in shooting performance (p < 0.001). Participants with higher IC exhibited better performance (p = 0.007 for LEM, p = 0.046 for HEM) and lower mental workload. Regression analyses indicated that cognitive-motor performance accuracy (p = 0.016) and mental activity (p = 0.004) were significant predictors of shooting performance and state anxiety (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Environmental pressure, through increased task demands and outcome consequences, elevates anxiety and mental workload, negatively impacting basketball shooting performance. Higher IC moderates these effects, suggesting that athletes with better inhibitory abilities can maintain performance under pressure. These findings highlight the importance of designing training programs that simulate competitive pressure and develop athletes' cognitive control capacities.

篮球投篮表现对比赛结果至关重要，经常受到环境压力和焦虑的影响。本研究探讨了在多任务篮球情境下，任务需求和结果的增加如何影响焦虑、心理负荷和投篮表现。此外，它检查抑制控制（IC）对这些影响的调节作用。方法39名青少年篮球运动员，男26名，女13名；年龄（14.9±1.3岁）的被试分别参与了低环境操作（LEM）和高环境操作（HEM）两组不同水平环境操作的实验，他们在任务的认知-运动复杂性和与表现结果相关的后果方面存在差异。实验采用了主体内重复测量设计，参与者在不同的规则和计分系统下进行多任务处理，包括运球和射门。测量焦虑、心理负荷和射击表现，以及参与者的基线ic。结果HEM条件显著增加焦虑(p <；0.001)和精神负荷(p <；0.001)，导致射孔性能显著下降(p <；0.001)。IC高的参与者表现出更好的绩效（LEM p = 0.007, HEM p = 0.046）和更低的心理负荷。回归分析表明，认知-运动表现准确性（p = 0.016）和心理活动（p = 0.004）是射击表现和状态焦虑的显著预测因子(p <；0.001)。结论环境压力通过增加任务要求和结果后果，增加焦虑和心理负荷，对篮球投篮表现产生负向影响。较高的IC调节了这些影响，这表明具有更好抑制能力的运动员可以在压力下保持表现。这些发现强调了设计模拟竞争压力和发展运动员认知控制能力的训练计划的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Integrating the mindfulness-acceptance-Commitment framework with self-determination theory principles to promote need-supportive sport coaching” 80 (2025) 102893 “整合正念-接受-承诺框架与自决理论原则，以促进需要支持的体育教练”80(2025)102893的勘误表。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102965

Tomer Gutman , Dalit Lev-Arey , Amihai Gottlieb , Ricardo Tarrasch

引用次数: 0

Reflections and projections: 25 considerations for body image research in sport and exercise psychology 反思与投射：运动与运动心理学中身体意象研究的25个考虑。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102959

Catherine M. Sabiston , Ivanka Prichard , Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani

This paper presents 25 key considerations for advancing research and practice on body image within sport and exercise psychology. Drawing from foundational work and emerging trends, we identify five core areas for progress: conceptualization, measurement, theory, intervention, and policy. First, clarity of key concepts is emphasized, particularly in distinguishing body image from related constructs such as eating disorders, and in advancing our understanding of identity and intersectionality. Second, measurement considerations call for refining self-report tools, embracing diverse methodologies, and aligning study designs with cultural relevance and lived experience. Third, we trace the evolution of theoretical approaches that have been applied to understand the relationship between sport/exercise (dis)engagement and body image and introduce a novel dual-pathways framework to guide future research in sport and exercise contexts. Fourth, in terms of intervention, we highlight the need to develop and evaluate body image programs for athletes and sport leaders, promote movement for positive body image outcomes, and harness digital and media literacy strategies. Finally, we outline policy directions to foster positive body image environments and protect against harm in sport and exercise settings. This paper aims to serve as a roadmap for future work that is inclusive, innovative, and impactful.

本文提出了在运动和运动心理学中推进身体形象研究和实践的25个关键考虑因素。根据基础工作和新兴趋势，我们确定了五个需要取得进展的核心领域：概念化、测量、理论、干预和政策。首先，强调关键概念的清晰性，特别是在区分身体形象与饮食失调等相关概念方面，以及在推进我们对身份和交叉性的理解方面。其次，测量方面的考虑要求改进自我报告工具，采用不同的方法，并将研究设计与文化相关性和生活经验结合起来。第三，我们追溯了用于理解运动/运动（非）参与与身体形象之间关系的理论方法的演变，并引入了一个新的双途径框架，以指导未来在运动和运动背景下的研究。第四，在干预方面，我们强调有必要为运动员和体育领袖制定和评估身体形象项目，促进运动以获得积极的身体形象成果，并利用数字和媒体素养战略。最后，我们概述了政策方向，以促进积极的身体形象环境和防止伤害在运动和锻炼设置。本文旨在为未来包容性、创新性和影响力的工作提供路线图。

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引用次数: 0

Psychosocial and emotional adaptations under a high-intensity interval training program and moderate alcohol consumption in healthy young adults: The BEER-HIIT study 健康年轻人在高强度间歇训练计划和适度饮酒下的社会心理和情感适应：啤酒- hiit研究

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102961

C. Molina-Hidalgo , F.J. Amaro-Gahete , J. Gonzalez-Hernandez , S. Jain , L. Oberlin , A. Catena , M.J. Castillo

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) combined with moderate alcohol consumption on mental well-being and mood in healthy young adults. Methods. Seventy-four participants from Spain (18–40 years; 46 % female) were assigned to a control group or a HIIT group (2 days/week) with either alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages (330 ml of the respective beverage at lunch and 330 ml at dinner for men, and 330 ml at dinner for women, from Monday to Friday). The HIIT-Alcohol group consumed alcoholic beer or vodka-sparkling water (5.4 %), while the HIIT-NonAlcohol group consumed non-alcoholic beer or sparkling water. A control group maintained an active lifestyle without regular training. Psychosocial parameters and mood were assessed at baseline and after 10 weeks using questionnaires, with bi-weekly assessments of stress, emotional intelligence, and mood. Results. Both intervention groups showed improvements in depression, affective and mood state parameters, and emotional intelligence after a 10-week HIIT program (all p < 0.05), independently of alcohol consumption, with no statistical differences between groups or sex influence (all p > 0.05). No significant improvements were noted in any of the variables in the Non-Training group. Conclusions. We provide evidence that a 10-week HIIT program elicits improvements in psychosocial parameters and mood adaptations in healthy young adults. Moreover, no significant impairments were noted due to alcohol intake in moderate amounts.

目的：本研究旨在探讨高强度间歇训练（HIIT）结合适度饮酒对健康年轻人心理健康和情绪的影响。方法：来自西班牙的74名参与者(18-40岁；46%的女性)被分配到对照组或HIIT组（每周2天），饮用含酒精或不含酒精的饮料（周一至周五，男性午餐330毫升，晚餐330毫升，女性晚餐330毫升）。hiit酒精组饮用含酒精的啤酒或伏特加苏打水（5.4%），而hiit非酒精组饮用不含酒精的啤酒或苏打水。对照组保持积极的生活方式，没有定期训练。在基线和10周后使用问卷评估心理社会参数和情绪，每两周评估一次压力、情商和情绪。结果：经过10周的HIIT训练，两组在抑郁、情感和情绪状态参数以及情绪智力方面均有改善（均p0.05）。非训练组在任何变量上都没有明显的改善。结论：我们提供的证据表明，10周的HIIT计划可以改善健康年轻人的社会心理参数和情绪适应。此外，适量饮酒并没有引起明显的损伤。

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引用次数: 0

Is sport safe with safe sport? A critical examination 安全的运动安全吗？严格的检查。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102964

Gretchen Kerr , Joseph Gurgis , Sophie Wensel , Erin Willson , Julia Schwender , Jesse Porter

In response to widespread concerns about interpersonal violence towards athletes in sport, the safe sport movement has emerged as a concerted effort to prevent harm and safeguard athlete well-being. Increased attention on safe sport is reflected in the growth of research and the development of education initiatives, policies, and complaint mechanisms. Given the rapid progress in safe sport-related research and initiatives, as well as the complex and multifaceted nature of safe sport issues, a critical look at the field is timely. Using a constructivist lens, we suggest that safe sport is characterized by various ontological, epistemological, and axiological limitations, which encompass conceptual, methodological, and practical shortcomings. This analysis aims to stimulate scholarly discussion and enhance understanding of the complex challenges inherent in safe sport through a critical examination of its shortcomings.

为了应对体育运动中对运动员人际暴力的广泛关注，安全体育运动作为一项共同努力，出现了，以防止伤害和保障运动员的健康。对安全运动的日益关注反映在研究的增长和教育倡议、政策和投诉机制的发展上。鉴于安全运动相关研究和倡议的快速进展，以及安全运动问题的复杂性和多面性，对该领域进行批判性研究是及时的。使用建构主义的视角，我们认为安全运动具有各种本体论、认识论和价值论的局限性，其中包括概念、方法和实践上的缺陷。本分析旨在通过对其缺点的批判性检查，激发学术讨论，增强对安全运动固有的复杂挑战的理解。

引用次数: 0

The psychology of esports: Trends, challenges, and future directions 电子竞技心理学：趋势、挑战和未来方向。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102967

Ismael Pedraza-Ramirez , Benjamin T. Sharpe , Maciej Behnke , Adam J. Toth , Dylan R. Poulus

This rapid review examines how sport and exercise psychology (SEP) research has engaged with esports over the last five years, highlighting the academic acceptance of esports in SEP journals and on the psychological factors that influence esports performance and well-being. In addition to searching for recent empirical studies, we identified systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and scoping reviews to capture the breadth of existing syntheses. Following rapid review guidelines (Sabiston et al., 2022) and adapting the PRISMA framework (Page et al., 2021), two systematic searches were conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection and EBSCO host (SPORTDiscus) databases. First, we identified 13 syntheses of the esports literature highlighting the main topics of interest across scholars in relation to SEP. Then, we identified 125 relevant peer-reviewed empirical publications on esports in SEP context, of which 18 appeared in SEP-specific journals. Findings reveal increasing academic attention in affective, cognitive-motor processes, team dynamics, training structures, and health behaviors (e.g., mental health, physical activity, sleep, nutrition) unique to esports while revealing the need for theoretical and methodological attention. Overall, we highlighted how esports and SEP appear to benefit one another in a reciprocal way. Esports offer a controlled, data-rich performance environment for testing and refining SEP theories. Meanwhile, SEP principles enhance professionalism in esports by informing evidence-based training methods and well-being initiatives. Future research should consider longitudinal designs, open science practices, and interdisciplinary collaboration such as data science, sleep medicine, and nutrition to address the nuanced psychological demands in this rapidly evolving performance domain.

这篇快速回顾研究了体育和运动心理学（SEP）研究在过去五年中是如何参与电子竞技的，突出了SEP期刊对电子竞技的学术接受程度，以及影响电子竞技表现和健康的心理因素。除了搜索最近的实证研究外，我们还确定了系统综述、元分析和范围综述，以捕捉现有综合的广度。遵循快速审查指南（Sabiston等人，2022）并采用PRISMA框架（Page等人，2021），在Web of Science核心馆藏和EBSCO主机（SPORTDiscus）数据库中进行了两次系统搜索。首先，我们确定了13篇电子竞技文献的综合，突出了与SEP相关的学者感兴趣的主要主题。然后，我们确定了125篇与SEP背景下的电子竞技相关的同行评审实证出版物，其中18篇发表在SEP特定期刊上。研究结果显示，在电子竞技独特的情感、认知运动过程、团队动态、训练结构和健康行为（如心理健康、身体活动、睡眠、营养）方面，学术界的关注越来越多，同时也揭示了对理论和方法关注的必要性。总的来说，我们强调了电子竞技和SEP如何以互惠的方式相互受益。电子竞技为测试和完善SEP理论提供了一个受控的、数据丰富的性能环境。同时，SEP原则通过为基于证据的培训方法和福利举措提供信息，提高了电子竞技的专业性。未来的研究应该考虑纵向设计、开放科学实践和跨学科合作，如数据科学、睡眠医学和营养学，以解决这个快速发展的性能领域中细微的心理需求。

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引用次数: 0

Do researchers have a shared cognition on team cognition in sports? 研究人员对体育运动中的团队认知是否有共同的认知？

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102971

Charlotte Behlau, Dennis Dreiskämper

Team cognition (TC) is often used as an umbrella term to describe how cognitive processes are relevant for effective sports teams. Eldadi and Tenenbaum (2025) provide a comprehensive review of the foundation and developments of TC and outline future directions for research and practice. Building on their work, we would like to highlight three additional aspects that, in our view, require further attention of team cognition researchers in sport: First, there exists a “jingle-jangle jungle” of terms and methods within team cognition. Second, this conceptual and methodological inconsistency highlights the need for clear and distinct definitions of the different terms resolving the jingle-jangle jungle. Third, these efforts must be grounded in the specific characteristics and demands of the sport context.

团队认知（TC）通常被用作描述认知过程如何与有效的体育团队相关的总称。Eldadi和Tenenbaum（2025）对技术支持的基础和发展进行了全面回顾，并概述了未来的研究和实践方向。在他们工作的基础上，我们想强调另外三个方面，在我们看来，需要进一步关注体育团队认知研究者：首先，在团队认知中存在术语和方法的“叮当作响的丛林”。其次，这种概念和方法上的不一致突出了对不同术语的明确和明确定义的必要性，以解决叮当作响的丛林问题。第三，这些努力必须立足于体育环境的具体特点和要求。

引用次数: 0

Playful sport design and sport engagement: A diary study among amateur athletes 趣味运动设计与运动参与：业余运动员日记研究。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102953

Juriena D. de Vries , Yuri S. Scharp , Arnold B. Bakker

Sport engagement is essential for athletes' performance and long-term commitment. Drawing on self-regulation and play literature, we propose that athletes can proactively enhance their sport engagement and, indirectly, performance (i.e., goal progression) by enacting Playful Sport Design (PSD). PSD involves proactively adding play elements to training by “designing fun” (DF; incorporating creativity, humor, and fantasy) and “designing competition” (DC; fostering self-imposed challenges, keeping score, and driving self-improvement). Additionally, we explored how PSD's effectiveness varies across different sports settings: solitary versus group training and coached versus non-coached sessions. To investigate this, athletes who trained at least twice a week participated in a four-week weekly diary study using reconstruction methodology (N = 99 individuals, n = 616 sport activities). The sample consisted mostly of amateur athletes (88 %), with an average age of 28.4 years (65 % women, 35 % men). Strength sports was the most common sport (33 %), followed by fitness (19.2 %), athletics (16.2 %), and ball sports (7.1 %). On average, they trained 3.7 times per week and had 14.2 years of experience. Supporting our hypotheses, multilevel regression analyses revealed that DF and DC both enhanced goal progression through increased engagement. Notably, DF was more effective in group settings than in solitary sessions, whereas DC was more effective in either the presence of a coach (vs. no coach) or in solitary settings (vs. group settings). The findings demonstrate that athletes can initiate play to drive their own engagement and goal progression, as well as highlight the sports environments in which this behavior is most effective.

参与体育运动对运动员的表现和长期承诺至关重要。根据自我调节和游戏文献，我们建议运动员可以通过制定有趣的运动设计（PSD）来主动提高他们的运动参与度，并间接提高表现（即目标进展）。PSD涉及通过“设计乐趣”在训练中主动添加游戏元素(DF；结合创意、幽默和幻想)和“设计竞赛”(DC；培养自我挑战，保持分数，并推动自我完善)。此外，我们探讨了PSD的有效性在不同的运动环境中是如何变化的：单独训练与小组训练，教练训练与非教练训练。为了调查这一点，每周至少训练两次的运动员参加了一项为期四周的每周日记研究，采用重建方法（N = 99个人，N = 616项体育活动）。样本主要由业余运动员组成（88%），平均年龄28.4岁（65%女性，35%男性）。力量运动是最常见的运动（33%），其次是健身（19.2%）、田径（16.2%）和球类运动（7.1%）。他们平均每周训练3.7次，有14.2年的经验。支持我们的假设，多水平回归分析显示，DF和DC都通过增加粘性来促进目标进展。值得注意的是，DF在小组环境中比单独会议更有效，而DC在有教练在场（vs.没有教练）或单独环境（vs.小组环境）下都更有效。研究结果表明，运动员可以通过比赛来推动自己的投入和目标进展，同时也强调了这种行为最有效的运动环境。

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引用次数: 0

Who rules in times of the Video Assistant Referee? On referees’ decision making in football 谁在视频助理裁判的时间里裁判？论足球裁判的判罚。

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102941

Harry Garretsen, Janka I. Stoker, Rob Alessie

Decision-making in high-pressure environments is a complex process influenced by individual characteristics and hierarchical dynamics. In football, the introduction of the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) was intended to improve decision accuracy. However, VAR decisions involve human judgment and interaction between the VAR and the on-field referee. This study analyzes all VAR interventions (N = 515) in the Dutch top football league (2019–2021), examining how age, experience, and status asymmetries between referees influence decision-making. Results show that younger, less experienced, and lower-ranked VARs recommend more interventions and are more likely to have their advice disregarded. Status-authority asymmetry particularly affects subjective calls requiring on-field reviews (ORF). Findings highlight that officiating decisions are shaped by cognitive and social factors, contributing to research on decision-making under uncertainty. The findings contribute not only to sports science, but also more generally to the literature on decision-making by professionals.

高压环境下的决策是一个受个体特征和层次动力学影响的复杂过程。在足球比赛中，视频助理裁判（VAR）的引入是为了提高裁判的准确性。然而，VAR的决定涉及到人的判断以及VAR和现场裁判之间的互动。本研究分析了荷兰顶级足球联赛（2019-2021）中所有VAR干预（N = 515），考察了裁判之间的年龄、经验和地位不对称如何影响决策。结果显示，年轻、经验不足和排名较低的评价者推荐更多的干预措施，并且更有可能被忽视他们的建议。地位-权力不对称尤其影响需要现场审查（ORF）的主观判罚。研究结果强调，裁判决策受认知和社会因素的影响，有助于研究不确定性下的决策。这些发现不仅对体育科学有贡献，而且对专业人士决策的文献也有更广泛的贡献。

引用次数: 0

Interactive effects of perfectionism on competitive golf performance: A multi-level analysis 完美主义对高尔夫竞技表现的互动效应：多层次分析。

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102952

Daniel J.M. Fleming , Andrew P. Hill , Luke F. Olsson , Sarah H. Mallinson-Howard , Travis E. Dorsch

Perfectionism is a multidimensional personality characteristic comprised of two higher-order factors termed perfectionistic strivings (PS) and perfectionistic concerns (PC). Research has typically found perfectionistic strivings to be related to better sport performance, while concerns are usually unrelated. However, many of the tests of this relationship use non-athletes, contrived tasks, and one-off performances, and have also focused on the separate, rather than interactive, effects of PS and PC. The present study was designed to address these limitations by testing the interactive effect of indicators of PS and PC in predicting performance across two rounds of competitive golf. Eighty-nine male golf athletes (M_age = 28.42 years, SD = 11.87) completed measures of perfectionism and then competed in a regional golf competition. Their cumulative score, relative to par, across two rounds determined their performance. Hierarchical linear modelling, nesting performances within individuals, holes, and rounds, showed a significant three-way interaction between self-oriented performance perfectionism (indicator of PS), socially prescribed performance perfectionism (indicator of PC), and round (b = 0.36, SE = 0.17, p = .039). At low levels of socially prescribed performance perfectionism, self-oriented performance perfectionism predicted improved performance; however, at high levels of socially prescribed performance perfectionism, self-oriented performance perfectionism predicted poorer performance. Findings highlight the importance of assessing the relationship between perfectionism and sport performance in real-world competitive contexts over time, while accounting for the interplay between indicators of PS and PC.

完美主义是一种多维度的人格特征，由两个高阶因素组成，即完美主义的追求（PS）和完美主义的关注（PC）。研究通常发现，完美主义的努力与更好的运动表现有关，而担忧通常无关。然而，这种关系的许多测试使用的是非运动员、人为的任务和一次性的表现，并且还侧重于PS和PC的单独影响，而不是交互影响。本研究旨在通过测试PS和PC指标在预测两轮高尔夫竞技表现中的交互作用来解决这些局限性。89名男性高尔夫运动员（年龄28.42岁，SD = 11.87）完成了完美主义测试，然后参加了地区高尔夫比赛。他们在两轮比赛中相对于标准杆的累积得分决定了他们的表现。分层线性模型、个体内嵌套、洞内嵌套、圆内嵌套表现表明，自我导向型绩效完美主义（PS指标）、社会规定型绩效完美主义（PC指标）和圆之间存在显著的三向交互作用（b = 0.36, SE = 0.17, p = 0.039）。在低水平的社会规定型绩效完美主义中，自我导向型绩效完美主义预测了绩效的提高；然而，在高水平的社会规定型绩效完美主义中，自我导向型绩效完美主义预示着较差的绩效。研究结果强调了在现实世界的竞争环境中评估完美主义与运动表现之间关系的重要性，同时考虑了PS和PC指标之间的相互作用。

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引用次数: 0