Physics and Chemistry of the Earth最新文献_第8页

Soil dielectric response to chemical fertilizers in Northern India's key agricultural areas 印度北部主要农业区土壤介电对化肥的反应

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103806

Prachi Palta , Ankur Kumar

This study investigates the impact of various artificial nutrient components, specifically Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and their combination (NPK), on the dielectric properties of soil (ε′ and ε''). The research focuses on examining the physical, chemical, and dielectric properties of soil influenced by different concentrations of these fertilizers, both individually and in combination. Dielectric analysis was performed within the radio and microwave spectrum (200 MHz-14 GHz) using a modified probe arrangement with an Agilent 85070E open-ended coaxial probe and a vector network analyzer.

The results revealed a complex interplay between N, P, K, and NPK concentrations and soil characteristics. The varying chemical compositions significantly altered the soil's physical and chemical properties, as detailed in the tabulated results. Soils treated with K exhibited the highest dielectric parameter (ε′ and ε'') values, followed by P and N and NPK combined. Advanced modeling techniques, including Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Machine Learning (ML), were employed to predict soil dielectric properties (ε′ and ε'') as functions of nutrient concentrations, temperature, and frequency. The RSM models demonstrated high precision, with R² values of 0.9982, 0.9958, 0.9913, and 0.9962 for ε′ of N, P, K, and NPK, respectively. However, the accuracy of these models decreased for ε''. To address this limitation, various ML regression models were analyzed for ε′ and ε'', yielding high accuracy and enhanced prediction values, with MAE, MSE, RMSE, and R² scores of 0.378, 0.196, 0.615, and 0.9945 for ε′ and 0.045, 0.0034, 0.212, and 0.95 for ε'', respectively. This research highlights the significant effects of N, P, K, and NPK on soil dielectric behavior, providing valuable insights into nutrient-soil interactions. The findings have practical implications for agricultural practices, offering a non-destructive method to assess soil nutrient levels and optimize fertilization strategies for enhanced crop productivity.

本研究调查了各种人工营养成分，特别是氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）及其组合（NPK）对土壤介电性能（ε′和ε''）的影响。研究的重点是检测土壤的物理、化学和介电性质受这些肥料不同浓度的单独或组合影响的情况。介电分析是在无线电和微波频谱（200 MHz-14 GHz）范围内进行的，使用的是经过改进的探头布置，包括安捷伦 85070E 开放式同轴探头和矢量网络分析仪。结果表明，氮、磷、钾和氮磷钾浓度与土壤特性之间存在着复杂的相互作用。不同的化学成分极大地改变了土壤的物理和化学性质，详见表格结果。用钾处理过的土壤介电参数（ε′和ε''）值最高，其次是磷、氮和氮磷钾的组合。采用了包括响应面方法学（RSM）和机器学习（ML）在内的先进建模技术来预测作为养分浓度、温度和频率函数的土壤介电性能（ε′和ε''）。RSM 模型的精度很高，氮、磷、钾和氮磷钾的ε′的 R2 值分别为 0.9982、0.9958、0.9913 和 0.9962。然而，这些模型的准确度在ε''时有所下降。针对这一局限，对ε′和ε''进行了多种 ML 回归模型分析，结果表明，ε′的 MAE、MSE、RMSE 和 R2 分别为 0.378、0.196、0.615 和 0.9945，ε''的 MAE、MSE、RMSE 和 R2 分别为 0.045、0.0034、0.212 和 0.95。这项研究强调了氮、磷、钾和氮磷钾对土壤介电行为的显著影响，为了解养分与土壤的相互作用提供了宝贵的见解。研究结果对农业实践具有实际意义，它提供了一种非破坏性方法来评估土壤养分水平和优化施肥策略，从而提高作物产量。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the microplastic pandemic: Prevalence, detection, and human health impacts in Asian aquatic environments 评估微塑料流行病：亚洲水生环境中的普遍性、检测和对人类健康的影响

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103800

Kalpana Patidar , Mohammed Alshehri , Wrick Singha , Muneera Alrasheedi , Alaa M. Younis , Umesh Chandra Dumka , Balram Ambade

Microplastics pose a major threat to the globe due to their increased pollution and concerning effects on biota and humans. Presently, every terrestrial and marine region is affected diversely by microplastic contamination. The most polluted locations are industrialized metropolitan areas and coastal regions with considerable human activity. In this study, we choose representative samples of freshwater, marine, and biota in water, as well as sediments with different levels of microplastic pollution and distinct geographical conditions. For individually chosen aquatic areas and matrices, we reviewed, assessed, and summarised the current microplastic pollution and various methods of microplastic pollution assessment. The highest concentration of microplastics in data collected in Asia was found to be 372 ± 14.3 item/L and 9630 ± 2947 item/kg in the water and sediments of the Mumbai, India, coast. This huge abundance might be generated by human activities near the coastal areas as well as due to migration and tourism. This could also be due to sewage discharge and untreated domestic wastewater that is being dumped into the environment. Consuming of microplastic particles can put humans at risk for cytotoxicity, hypersensitivity, an unwanted immune response, and acute responses such as haemolysis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and neurological conditions. Focusing on pollution status and potential mitigation path for microplastics from freshwater to oceans, we compared the distribution and important characteristics of microplastics in different locations. This study leads researchers to emphasis the reduction of MP pollution in densely populated areas like Asia.

微塑料污染日益严重，对生物群和人类产生了令人担忧的影响，对全球构成了重大威胁。目前，每个陆地和海洋区域都受到微塑料污染的不同影响。污染最严重的地区是工业化大都市地区和有大量人类活动的沿海地区。在这项研究中，我们选择了具有代表性的淡水样本、海洋样本、水中生物群样本以及沉积物样本，这些样本的微塑料污染程度不同，地理条件也各不相同。针对各自选择的水域和基质，我们回顾、评估并总结了当前的微塑料污染情况和各种微塑料污染评估方法。在亚洲收集的数据中发现，印度孟买海岸的水和沉积物中微塑料的浓度最高，分别为 372 ± 14.3 微克/升和 9630 ± 2947 微克/千克。这种巨大的丰度可能是由于沿海地区附近的人类活动以及移民和旅游业造成的。这也可能是由于污水排放和未经处理的生活废水被倾倒到环境中造成的。摄入微塑料颗粒会使人类面临细胞毒性、超敏反应、不必要的免疫反应以及急性反应（如溶血、自身免疫疾病、癌症和神经系统疾病）的风险。针对从淡水到海洋的微塑料污染现状和潜在的缓解途径，我们比较了微塑料在不同地点的分布和重要特征。这项研究促使研究人员重视减少亚洲等人口密集地区的微塑料污染。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of El Niño-Southern oscillation on multi-scale morphodynamics of an embayed beach in southern China 厄尔尼诺-南方涛动对中国南方一处内滩多尺度形态动力学的影响

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103801

Taihuan Hu , Shibing Zhu , Shenliang Chen , Zhaoguang Chen , Zhiqiang Li

Increased coastal erosion and extreme oceanographic forcing driven by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) along the Pacific coast are increasingly receiving concerns. Despite considerable attention, the specific impact of these phenomena on Chinese shorelines, particularly along the South China beaches, remains inadequately understood. To address this gap, this study conducted high-frequency surveys on the Qing'an Bay beach in South China and employ a profile fitting model to refined waterline extraction from monthly satellite images. The goal was to investigate the relationship between high-frequency shoreline changes and interannual climate variability (such as ENSO). The findings indicate that the coastal evolution is intricately linked to a combination of strong wave events, summer storms, winter cold waves, and the amplifying effects of ENSO. During La Niña phase, the sea level in the western Pacific experiences a rise, with associated storms proving particularly destructive to the beach environment, leading to violent oscillations in the coastline. Specifically, in the strong La Niña phases, significant wave heights markedly surpass neutral conditions, precipitating intensified sediment movement. However, it is imperative to recognize that shoreline changes alone do not fully characterize coastal erosion. Assessment must also encompass alterations in beach volume. By calculating beach volume per unit width that accounts for the influence of ENSO variability on the beach, the seasonal characteristics of the beach showed sediment losses in summer and autumn, and gains in winter and spring, which was more obvious during strong La Niña. Additionally, conceptual model analysis reveals that during the La Niña phase, the bay is fully exposed, whereas during the El Niño phase, significant headland sheltering is observed.

由厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）引起的太平洋沿岸海岸侵蚀加剧和极端海洋胁迫日益受到关注。尽管这些现象备受关注，但人们对其对中国海岸线，特别是华南海滩的具体影响仍缺乏足够的了解。针对这一空白，本研究对华南地区的庆安湾海滩进行了高频调查，并采用剖面拟合模型从月度卫星图像中提取精细水线。目的是研究高频率海岸线变化与年际气候变率（如厄尔尼诺/南方涛动）之间的关系。研究结果表明，海岸线的演变与强海浪事件、夏季风暴、冬季寒潮以及厄尔尼诺/南方涛动的放大效应密切相关。在拉尼娜阶段，西太平洋海平面上升，相关风暴对海滩环境的破坏尤为严重，导致海岸线剧烈振荡。具体来说，在强拉尼娜阶段，海浪高度明显超过中性状态，沉积物运动加剧。然而，必须认识到，仅仅海岸线的变化并不能完全说明海岸侵蚀的特点。评估还必须包括海滩体积的变化。通过计算每单位宽度的海滩体积，考虑到厄尔尼诺/南方涛动对海滩的影响，海滩的季节性特征显示，夏季和秋季沉积物减少，冬季和春季沉积物增加，这在强拉尼娜现象时更为明显。此外，概念模型分析表明，在拉尼娜现象期间，海湾完全暴露，而在厄尔尼诺现象期间，则观察到明显的岬角遮蔽现象。

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引用次数: 0

Isolation and characterization of ureolytic calcifying bacteria from methane hydrate-bearing marine sediments for bio-cementation application 从含甲烷水合物的海洋沉积物中分离并鉴定尿素分解钙化细菌，以用于生物固化应用

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103808

Sahib Zada , Muhammad Rafiq , Wasim Sajjad , Muhammad Afzal , Zheng Su , Liu Lihua

In bio-calcification, microbes precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), forming versatile solid substances that promotes eco-friendly materials and reduce carbon emissions. Marine bacteria can generate bio-cements to strengthen dikes and combat coastal erosion. However, the role of marine bacteria in generating bio-cements for enhancing coastal structures and combating erosion is not fully understood. This study investigates the potential of CaCO₃ precipitating bacteria isolated from methane hydrate-bearing marine sediments. Five calcifying marine bacteria were isolated using Christensen's urea agar from marine sediments collected from Gawadar coastal, Pakistan. Bacterial strains induced CaCO₃ precipitation producing urease enzymes. Strains were identified as Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus altitudinis, Vibrio sp., Bacillus sp., and Vibrio plantisponsor. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were applied for the identification and differentiation of calcite and vaterite precipitates. The growth of isolates and precipitation potential were observed optimum at 5% NaCl and pH 9.5–11. Bacillus altitudinis (ST4SD3) and Bacillus sp. (ST4SD1) produced more soluble Ca²⁺ (8532.53 mg/l and 7581.98 mg/l) as compare to other isolates at higher pH 10 and pH 11, favorable for CaCO₃ precipitation. It is concluded that marine ureolytic bacteria possess significant potential for bio-cementation, which can stabilize methane hydrate-bearing sediments, improve soil properties, protect coastal regions from erosion, and crucial in the methane cycle, a greenhouse gas. We recommend further exploration of such bacteria's applications in marine construction and sediment stabilization to enhance the robustness and longevity of coastal infrastructures. Furthermore, such bacteria could also be beneficial in extracting gas from unconsolidated methane hydrates containing sediments.

在生物钙化过程中，微生物析出碳酸钙（CaCO3），形成多功能固体物质，从而促进环保材料的发展，减少碳排放。海洋细菌可以生成生物钙，以加固堤坝和防止海岸侵蚀。然而，海洋细菌在生成生物水泥以加固海岸结构和防治侵蚀方面的作用尚未得到充分了解。本研究调查了从含甲烷水合物的海洋沉积物中分离出来的 CaCO₃沉淀细菌的潜力。研究人员使用克里斯滕森尿素琼脂从巴基斯坦 Gawadar 海岸采集的海洋沉积物中分离出五种钙化海洋细菌。菌株诱导 CaCO3 沉淀，产生尿素酶。菌株被鉴定为假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida）、高纬度芽孢杆菌（Bacillus altitudinis）、弧菌（Vibrio sp.）、芽孢杆菌（Bacillus sp.）和植物弧菌（Vibrio plantisponsor）。应用能量色散 X 射线光谱法、扫描电子显微镜法和 X 射线衍射法对方解石沉淀物和脉石沉淀物进行了鉴定和区分。在 5%氯化钠和 pH 值为 9.5-11 的条件下，分离菌的生长和沉淀潜力均达到最佳状态。与其他分离菌株相比，高纬度芽孢杆菌（ST4SD3）和芽孢杆菌（ST4SD1）在较高的 pH 值 10 和 pH 值 11 时产生更多的可溶性 Ca2+ （8532.53 毫克/升和 7581.98 毫克/升），有利于 CaCO3 的沉淀。结论是，海洋尿素分解细菌在生物固化方面具有巨大潜力，可以稳定含甲烷水合物的沉积物，改善土壤性质，保护沿海地区免受侵蚀，并在甲烷循环（一种温室气体）中发挥关键作用。我们建议进一步探索这类细菌在海洋建设和沉积物稳定方面的应用，以提高沿海基础设施的坚固性和使用寿命。此外，这种细菌还有利于从含有沉积物的未固结甲烷水合物中提取气体。

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of ureolytic calcifying bacteria from methane hydrate-bearing marine sediments for bio-cementation application","authors":"Sahib Zada , Muhammad Rafiq , Wasim Sajjad , Muhammad Afzal , Zheng Su , Liu Lihua","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pce.2024.103808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In bio-calcification, microbes precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>), forming versatile solid substances that promotes eco-friendly materials and reduce carbon emissions. Marine bacteria can generate bio-cements to strengthen dikes and combat coastal erosion. However, the role of marine bacteria in generating bio-cements for enhancing coastal structures and combating erosion is not fully understood. This study investigates the potential of CaCO₃ precipitating bacteria isolated from methane hydrate-bearing marine sediments. Five calcifying marine bacteria were isolated using Christensen's urea agar from marine sediments collected from Gawadar coastal, Pakistan. Bacterial strains induced CaCO<sub>3</sub> precipitation producing urease enzymes. Strains were identified as <em>Pseudomonas putida</em>, <em>Bacillus altitudinis</em>, <em>Vibrio</em> sp., <em>Bacillus</em> sp., and <em>Vibrio plantisponsor</em>. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were applied for the identification and differentiation of calcite and vaterite precipitates. The growth of isolates and precipitation potential were observed optimum at 5% NaCl and pH 9.5–11. <em>Bacillus altitudinis</em> (ST4SD3) and <em>Bacillus</em> sp. (ST4SD1) produced more soluble Ca<sup>2+</sup> (8532.53 mg/l and 7581.98 mg/l) as compare to other isolates at higher pH 10 and pH 11, favorable for CaCO<sub>3</sub> precipitation. It is concluded that marine ureolytic bacteria possess significant potential for bio-cementation, which can stabilize methane hydrate-bearing sediments, improve soil properties, protect coastal regions from erosion, and crucial in the methane cycle, a greenhouse gas. We recommend further exploration of such bacteria's applications in marine construction and sediment stabilization to enhance the robustness and longevity of coastal infrastructures. Furthermore, such bacteria could also be beneficial in extracting gas from unconsolidated methane hydrates containing sediments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54616,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blue space resilient urban planning to enhance severely distressed thermal environment 蓝色空间弹性城市规划，改善严重受损的热环境

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103804

Aman Gupta, Bhaskar De

Water resilience is a vital aspect of current smart city planning. Maintaining the quality and volume of urban blue spaces can benefit local ecology, environment, and social well-being. The application of geospatial techniques provides an opportunity to achieve such goals in a spatially and temporally effective manner. While researchers often highlight city-level environmental problems, location-based solutions are insufficient, particularly for the rapidly sprawling Asian cities—the current work aimed to examine the water-resilient urban planning scopes for an Indian tropical megacity. The work assessed a major environmental hazard, i.e., urban heat island, which appeared to cover 9.6 %–17.4 % of the area of the city region during the summer months. The importance of blue spaces in mitigating heat islands was quantified using data from nearly 150 waterbodies, including a river, a vast wetland, and multiple lakes and urban tanks. Linear and logarithmic models established how the cooling effect increases with larger water bodies. Blue space ranging between 1.8 km² and 2.3 km² was recommended as the smallest yet effective size for future recreational zones. Incorporating ambient wind patterns further aided in deciding the locations of blue wedges that can be key for heat island mitigation. Moreover, to substantially amplify the blue resource recharge rate in a cost-effective manner, a multi-parameter decision analysis was carried out. Overlay of five surface characteristics contributed to planning sites for surface infiltration systems. The entire framework of the work was built to achieve sustainable development goals.

水弹性是当前智慧城市规划的一个重要方面。保持城市蓝色空间的质量和容量有利于当地的生态、环境和社会福祉。地理空间技术的应用为以有效的时空方式实现这些目标提供了机会。虽然研究人员经常强调城市层面的环境问题，但基于位置的解决方案是不够的，尤其是对于快速扩张的亚洲城市而言。这项工作评估了一个主要的环境危害，即城市热岛，在夏季，该热岛似乎覆盖了该城市地区 9.6%-17.4% 的面积。利用近 150 个水体（包括一条河流、一片广阔的湿地、多个湖泊和城市水箱）的数据，对蓝色空间在缓解热岛方面的重要性进行了量化。线性和对数模型确定了冷却效果如何随着水体的增大而增加。建议将 1.8 平方公里至 2.3 平方公里的蓝色空间作为未来休闲区最小但有效的面积。结合环境风向模式，还有助于确定蓝楔的位置，这对缓解热岛效应至关重要。此外，为了以经济有效的方式大幅提高蓝色资源补给率，还进行了多参数决策分析。五种地表特征的叠加有助于规划地表渗透系统的选址。整个工作框架的建立是为了实现可持续发展目标。

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引用次数: 0

Groundwater quality in Sargodha City, Pakistan: Comprehensive research of geochemical modeling, groundwater quality assessment, and risk evaluation 巴基斯坦 Sargodha 市的地下水质量：地球化学建模、地下水质量评估和风险评价综合研究

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103798

Misbah Fida , Peiyue Li , S.M. Khorshed Alam , Jing Ning , Yuanhang Wang , Vetrimurugan Elumalai

Groundwater, an indispensable global resource, faces escalating contamination threats, jeopardizing human health and environmental sustainability. This study offers detailed insights into the quality of the groundwater, its drinking suitability, and associated human health risks in Sargodha City, Pakistan. Employing hydrogeochemical analysis, inverse geochemical modeling, groundwater quality index, and human health risk evaluation, this research highlights widespread exceedances of WHO drinking water standards, particularly in TDS, EC, TH, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻, NO₃–N, and As levels, signifying that a significant portion of the groundwater is unfit for consumption. Hydrochemical facies analysis reveals a dominance of the Na–Cl type. Water–rock interactions, cation exchange, and anthropogenic influences are the primary factors shaping groundwater hydrochemistry in the region. Saturation indices and inverse geochemical modeling demonstrated intricate geochemical processes involving both mineral precipitation and dissolution. Notably, the GWQI reveals a diverse spectrum of water quality, with 50% of the samples exhibiting excellent to good quality, 29% falling into the poor to extremely poor category, and 21% deemed unfit for drinking. Health risk assessment reveals alarming carcinogenic risks from As, affecting children (70.8%) and adults (83.35%), while 8.3% of the samples indicate non-carcinogenic risks. Conversely, NO₃–N presents acceptable non-carcinogenic risks across all samples. The total hazard index spans between 0.14 and 1.90 for adults and 0.16 to 2.23 for children, underscoring the heightened vulnerability of children. This study advances the understanding of groundwater contamination dynamics in urbanized regions, offering insights to safeguard public health and ensure sustainable water management in areas with similar hydrogeochemical conditions.

地下水是不可或缺的全球资源，但却面临着不断升级的污染威胁，危及人类健康和环境的可持续发展。本研究详细介绍了巴基斯坦 Sargodha 市的地下水质量、其饮用适宜性以及相关的人类健康风险。通过水文地质化学分析、反地球化学建模、地下水质量指数和人类健康风险评估，本研究发现了世界卫生组织饮用水标准的普遍超标现象，尤其是 TDS、EC、TH、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-、Cl-、HCO3-、NO3-N 和 As 的含量，这表明相当一部分地下水不适合饮用。水化学面分析表明，Na-Cl 类型占主导地位。水与岩石的相互作用、阳离子交换和人为影响是影响该地区地下水水化学的主要因素。饱和度指数和反地球化学模型显示了涉及矿物沉淀和溶解的复杂地球化学过程。值得注意的是，GWQI 显示了水质的多样性，50% 的样本水质为优至良，29% 的样本水质为差至极差，21% 的样本水质被认为不适合饮用。健康风险评估显示，砷具有令人担忧的致癌风险，影响儿童（70.8%）和成人（83.35%），而 8.3% 的样本显示存在非致癌风险。相反，NO3-N 在所有样本中显示出可接受的非致癌风险。成人的总危害指数介于 0.14 和 1.90 之间，儿童的总危害指数介于 0.16 和 2.23 之间，这表明儿童更容易受到危害。这项研究加深了人们对城市化地区地下水污染动态的了解，为在具有类似水文地质化学条件的地区保障公众健康和确保可持续水资源管理提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

Air quality near Middle East's large dried lake: Heavy metal emissions, machine learning analysis, and health risks 中东大干湖附近的空气质量：重金属排放、机器学习分析和健康风险

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103793

Samaneh Shahsavani , Narges Shamsedini , Amin Mohammadpour , Mohammad Hoseini

The present study aimed to measure the concentrations and chemical compositions of suspended particulate matters smaller than 10 μm (PM₁₀) in the ambient air of Bakhtegan Lake and to assess the health risks associated with exposure to metal elements through inhalation. Ambient air samples were collected from a rural area close to the lake. The levels of metal elements bonded to PM₁₀ were measured by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mean ambient PM₁₀ concentration around the studied lake (78.12 μg/m³) was higher than the 24 h guidelines PM₁₀ standards proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) (50 μg/m³). The highest and lowest concentrations were related to Fe and V, respectively. Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR) was higher for adults than for children. Additionally, the LCR value was higher for As compared to other metals, indicating that the cancer risk in the adults group was mainly due to As. Besides, health risk assessments indicated that adults suffered from higher cancer risks compared to children, while both adults and children did not suffer from non-carcinogenic risks. Through Principal component analysis (PCA) and random forest (RF) analysis, it was determined that metallic concentrations in the air samples are influenced by both natural and anthropogenic sources, with copper and lead identified as pivotal predictors for nickel levels. Therefore, monitoring and addressing such metal-induced pollution is essential for regional public health.

本研究旨在测量巴赫特干湖环境空气中小于 10 μm 的悬浮颗粒物（PM10）的浓度和化学成分，并评估通过吸入金属元素而暴露的健康风险。环境空气样本是从湖附近的一个农村地区采集的。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测量了 PM10 中金属元素的含量。研究湖泊周围的 PM10 平均环境浓度（78.12 μg/m3）高于世界卫生组织（WHO）提出的 24 小时 PM10 指导标准（50 μg/m3）。最高和最低浓度分别与铁和钒有关。成人的终生癌症风险（LCR）高于儿童。此外，与其他金属相比， As 的终身癌症风险值较高，显示成年人的癌症风险主要由 As 引致。此外，健康风险评估显示，成人患癌症的风险比儿童高，而成人和儿童都没有非致癌风险。通过主成分分析（PCA）和随机森林分析（RF），可以确定空气样本中的金属浓度受到自然和人为来源的影响，其中铜和铅是预测镍含量的关键因素。因此，监测和解决此类金属引起的污染对区域公共健康至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of surface water availability under different development and management scenarios in Kagera Basin, Tanzania 坦桑尼亚卡盖拉盆地不同开发和管理方案下的地表水可用性评估

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103797

Faraji Nyudike , Joel Nobert , Subira Munishi

The Kagera basin faces increasing pressure to meet water demand for competing uses, necessitating a close look at social, economic, and environmental impacts of development. Recent years have seen significant growth in hydropower (Rusumo 80 MW, Kikagati 14 MW, Kakono 87 MW) and irrigated agriculture. Additionally, the full irrigation potential is planned for expansion from 45.15% (2016), alongside 94.71 ha allocated for large-scale manufacturing across six sub-catchments. To assess the impact of these developments on water availability, three scenarios (recent, medium-term, and long-term) were simulated using the MIKE HYDRO Basin model. This model, calibrated with baseline data (1982–2012), used river gauge data and the NAM rainfall-runoff model to estimate discharge and input flows. Results project total water demand to nearly double by 2040, reaching 823.4 Mm³/year, up from 415.2 Mm³/year in 2016. Water deficits are most severe from July to September, with the Kagera catchment showing the highest shortages, reaching 80.1 Mm³/year by 2040. Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) indicates Scenario 2 (irrigation capped at 60%) as the most sustainable, balancing social, economic, and environmental needs. These findings call for a re-evaluation of Kagera Basin development plans to align with sustainable water resource management.

卡盖拉流域面临着越来越大的压力，需要满足各种用途的用水需求，因此有必要密切关注发展对社会、经济和环境的影响。近年来，水力发电（Rusumo 80 兆瓦、Kikagati 14 兆瓦、Kakono 87 兆瓦）和灌溉农业有了显著增长。此外，计划将全部灌溉潜力从 45.15%（2016 年）扩大到 94.71 公顷，并在六个子流域分配用于大规模制造。为了评估这些发展对供水的影响，我们使用 MIKE HYDRO 流域模型模拟了三种情况（近期、中期和长期）。该模型根据基线数据（1982-2012 年）进行校核，使用河道测量数据和 NAM 降雨-径流模型估算排水量和输入流量。结果预测，到 2040 年，总需水量将增加近一倍，从 2016 年的 4.152 亿立方米/年增加到 8.234 亿立方米/年。7 月至 9 月缺水最为严重，卡盖拉集水区缺水最严重，到 2040 年将达到 8010 万立方米/年。多重标准分析（MCA）显示，方案 2（灌溉上限为 60%）是最可持续的方案，可平衡社会、经济和环境需求。这些研究结果要求重新评估卡盖拉盆地的发展计划，使其与可持续水资源管理相一致。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of multiple observation data during two typhoons affecting Hainan Island 两次台风影响海南岛期间多重观测数据的对比分析

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103795

Chenxiao Shi , Youlong Chen , Jianhua Du , Honghui Zheng

Based on different observation data, the wind and rain processes of two typhoons that continuously affected Hainan Island in October 2021 were compared and analyzed. The analysis shows that the two typhoons are similar in weather conditions, water vapor transport conditions, cold air intrusion, sea surface temperature providing energy, and so on. The spatial distribution of rainfall and wind field exhibits an evidently asymmetrical structure. Before the typhoon landed, the gale area was located mainly in the northeast of the typhoon center. Furthermore, different detection data have advantages and disadvantages, which should be verified and used each other. For example, there are also differences between radar echo reflectivity, wind profile radar data and MTCSWA data. By means of analysis and research, the ability to analyze and articulate the typhoon impact process with high spatial-temporal resolution data is further enhanced, thereby aiding in the forecast and service work during the typhoon period.

基于不同的观测资料，对比分析了 2021 年 10 月连续影响海南岛的两个台风的风雨过程。分析表明，两个台风在天气形势、水汽输送条件、冷空气入侵、海面温度提供能量等方面相似。降雨和风场的空间分布呈现明显的非对称结构。台风登陆前，大风区主要位于台风中心的东北部。此外，不同的探测数据各有利弊，需要相互验证和利用。例如，雷达回波反射率、风廓线雷达数据和 MTCSWA 数据之间也存在差异。通过分析研究，进一步提高利用高时空分辨率数据分析和阐明台风影响过程的能力，从而有助于台风期间的预报和服务工作。

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A review of remote sensing of flood monitoring and assessment in southern Africa 南部非洲洪水监测和评估遥感回顾

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103796

Cletah Shoko , Timothy Dube

Southern Africa is one of the most vulnerable regions to flooding and this severely impacts its economic development, human livelihoods and ecosystem functioning. In this regard, there is need to identify strategies to monitor flood occurrence, to minimize effects. Remote sensing is one of the key data sources for natural hazards monitoring, over space and time. This paper therefore provides the state-of-the-art review on flood monitoring, using remote sensing in southern Africa, since the emergency of earth observation technologies. Specifically, the review focused on how southern Africa has embraced remote sensing for mapping flood extent, vulnerable areas and impacts, over time. The review also highlights available remote sensing data and products, to monitor floods, including their success, limitations, and prospects for improved flood monitoring in the region. Overall, there has been limited use of remote sensing data in flood monitoring in southern Africa, until 2010. Since then, there was an increase in the use of remote sensing data, for flood monitoring. Most of these studies used the freely available Landsat and MODIS datasets, and these studies focused more on mapping the extent of flooding. However, as much as considerable strides were made, there is still more work to be done. Future research needs to shift towards the use of new generation remote sensing data, including radar, as well as high spatial resolution drones, before, during and after flood occurrence. Advanced cloud-computing, such as Google Earth Engine and machine learning algorithms, also present opportunity for time series analysis of flooding.

南部非洲是最容易遭受洪灾的地区之一，这严重影响了其经济发展、人类生计和生态系统功能。在这方面，有必要确定监测洪水发生情况的战略，以尽量减少影响。遥感是在空间和时间上监测自然灾害的关键数据源之一。因此，本文对南部非洲自地球观测技术出现以来利用遥感技术进行洪水监测的最新情况进行了回顾。具体而言，审查重点是南部非洲如何利用遥感技术绘制洪水范围图、易受影响地区图和洪水影响图。审查还强调了用于监测洪水的现有遥感数据和产品，包括其成功之处、局限性以及改进该地区洪水监测的前景。总体而言，在 2010 年之前，遥感数据在南部非洲洪水监测中的使用一直很有限。此后，遥感数据在洪水监测中的使用有所增加。这些研究大多使用免费提供的 Landsat 和 MODIS 数据集，这些研究更侧重于绘制洪水范围图。然而，尽管取得了长足的进步，但仍有更多的工作要做。未来的研究需要转向在洪水发生之前、期间和之后使用新一代遥感数据，包括雷达和高空间分辨率无人机。先进的云计算，如谷歌地球引擎和机器学习算法，也为洪水的时间序列分析提供了机会。

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引用次数: 0