Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107434
Ziyu Wang , Zehua Lu , Jiaqi Ma , Guohe Huang , Chunjiang An
The status of water resources in many coastal cities has become increasingly fragile. In a changing climate, the amount and intensity of rainfall have continued to decline, causing some coastal regions to experience severe drought and deteriorated water supply situation. This article presents a comprehensive study of the urban water metabolism of Cape Town, South Africa. A water mass balance framework was utilized to examine the city's water system across four distinct periods. In addition, the water-energy nexus before and after the drought crisis was evaluated. The key findings include a large amount of surface runoff in the Cape Town area that was not utilized before the drought crisis, resulting in a natural loss potential of water supply that is 2.54 times greater than water used for supply systems. During the drought, per capita water consumption dropped by a substantial 25%; at the same time, the total rate of water loss experienced a substantial decrease of approximately 21%. Since the pandemic, Cape Town's water resources policy has shifted to diversifying water sources, and the use of wastewater and natural water losses will be optimized by more than 32% in 2040 to achieve a water-sensitive city. Future research should explore the temporal and spatial dynamics of urban water flows, the impact of socioeconomic factors, and the integration of water system optimization models for enhanced urban water management.
{"title":"Assessing the water metabolism of coastal urban areas based on the water mass balance framework across time periods: A case study of Cape Town, South Africa","authors":"Ziyu Wang , Zehua Lu , Jiaqi Ma , Guohe Huang , Chunjiang An","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The status of water resources in many coastal cities has become increasingly fragile. In a changing climate, the amount and intensity of rainfall have continued to decline, causing some coastal regions to experience severe drought and deteriorated water supply situation. This article presents a comprehensive study of the urban water metabolism of Cape Town, South Africa. A water mass balance framework was utilized to examine the city's water system across four distinct periods. In addition, the water-energy nexus before and after the drought crisis was evaluated. The key findings include a large amount of surface runoff in the Cape Town area that was not utilized before the drought crisis, resulting in a natural loss potential of water supply that is 2.54 times greater than water used for supply systems. During the drought, per capita water consumption dropped by a substantial 25%; at the same time, the total rate of water loss experienced a substantial decrease of approximately 21%. Since the pandemic, Cape Town's water resources policy has shifted to diversifying water sources, and the use of wastewater and natural water losses will be optimized by more than 32% in 2040 to achieve a water-sensitive city. Future research should explore the temporal and spatial dynamics of urban water flows, the impact of socioeconomic factors, and the integration of water system optimization models for enhanced urban water management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 107434"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107438
Robert M. McNab , Yin-Hsuen Chen , George M. McLeod
Estimating the economic impact of flooding is an essential element of flood risk management. Policy interventions to mitigate the impact of flooding must be balanced against the financial and economic costs of flooding. Using projections of sea level rise for 2040, 2060, and 2080 and estimates of flooding damage that are equaled or exceeded 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year period, we investigate the financial costs of flooding across eight planning districts in Coastal Virginia. We briefly discuss the methodology to estimate the average annualized loss (AAL) given discrete events and likelihoods and how these AALs flow into the estimation of the net present value of flooding in Coastal Virginia. The Hampton Roads metropolitan area accounts for approximately 80.7% of estimated nominal losses currently, rising to 88.1% by 2080 due to sea level rise. This vulnerability is linked to poorly planned development, population growth, ground subsidence, and economic inequities. The present value of unmitigated flooding ranges from $20.0 billion to $58.7 billion in 2021 dollars, depending on the discount rate. Discounted economic impacts for unmitigated sea level rise could reach $82.9 billion for Coastal Virginia this century. The concentration of costs in Hampton Roads, which produces 20% of Virginia's GDP, underscores the need for targeted economic and security policies.
{"title":"Estimating the economic vulnerability of 2020–2099 storm flooding with sea level rise on Coastal Virginia","authors":"Robert M. McNab , Yin-Hsuen Chen , George M. McLeod","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating the economic impact of flooding is an essential element of flood risk management. Policy interventions to mitigate the impact of flooding must be balanced against the financial and economic costs of flooding. Using projections of sea level rise for 2040, 2060, and 2080 and estimates of flooding damage that are equaled or exceeded 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year period, we investigate the financial costs of flooding across eight planning districts in Coastal Virginia. We briefly discuss the methodology to estimate the average annualized loss (AAL) given discrete events and likelihoods and how these AALs flow into the estimation of the net present value of flooding in Coastal Virginia. The Hampton Roads metropolitan area accounts for approximately 80.7% of estimated nominal losses currently, rising to 88.1% by 2080 due to sea level rise. This vulnerability is linked to poorly planned development, population growth, ground subsidence, and economic inequities. The present value of unmitigated flooding ranges from $20.0 billion to $58.7 billion in 2021 dollars, depending on the discount rate. Discounted economic impacts for unmitigated sea level rise could reach $82.9 billion for Coastal Virginia this century. The concentration of costs in Hampton Roads, which produces 20% of Virginia's GDP, underscores the need for targeted economic and security policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 107438"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107430
Melina Kourantidou , Brooks A. Kaiser
Profitable marine invasions can occur when a newly arrived invasive species not only negatively changes ecosystem characteristics but is also exploited as a valuable market commodity. Such species pit existing ecosystem production values against potential value paths as their presence instigates management decisions that may vary from favoring a conservative, status quo approach on one end to a more risk-loving, adaptive approach on the other. Despite commitments to environmental treaties for limiting spread, local interests may purposefully support growth of invasions for their benefit. Potential value paths will depend not only on the ecological changes in the natural capital supporting the profitable resource extraction but also the user rights developed to address the changing asset structure and productivity. Current economic thinking suggests that the stronger the user rights in addressing questions of exclusivity, security and duration, the higher the gains to the present value of expected benefits from the rights. We discuss how both scale and uncertainties regarding irreversible ecological value and productivity shifts may require refinement of this theory. We explore the Barents Sea Snow Crab (Chionoecetes opilio) fishery, with particular attention to the Norwegian approach to its management. The uncertain ecological impacts of this invasive species have led to international disputes and significant management challenges. Norway has implemented exclusionary policies by designating the crab as sedentary to limit foreign access, sparking conflicts over the Svalbard Treaty. These unilateral actions have led to fines, court cases, and diplomatic tensions. As the Snow Crab expands toward sensitive Arctic habitats, a broader governance approach is needed. We take a critical look at the exclusivity, security, and durability of property rights associated with the Norwegian Snow Crab fishery, assessing their inherent weaknesses and implications since the onset of the fishery in 2012. As there is a growing interest in developing profitable resource exploitation and fisheries for new, often invading species, the Norwegian Snow Crab fishery provides valuable lessons and guidance for governance and management of such resources, aiming to mitigate risks and foster economically viable and environmentally responsible practices.
{"title":"Rethinking user rights of profitable marine invasions: Lessons from the Norwegian Barents Snow Crab fishery","authors":"Melina Kourantidou , Brooks A. Kaiser","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Profitable marine invasions can occur when a newly arrived invasive species not only negatively changes ecosystem characteristics but is also exploited as a valuable market commodity. Such species pit existing ecosystem production values against potential value paths as their presence instigates management decisions that may vary from favoring a conservative, status quo approach on one end to a more risk-loving, adaptive approach on the other. Despite commitments to environmental treaties for limiting spread, local interests may purposefully support growth of invasions for their benefit. Potential value paths will depend not only on the ecological changes in the natural capital supporting the profitable resource extraction but also the user rights developed to address the changing asset structure and productivity. Current economic thinking suggests that the stronger the user rights in addressing questions of exclusivity, security and duration, the higher the gains to the present value of expected benefits from the rights. We discuss how both scale and uncertainties regarding irreversible ecological value and productivity shifts may require refinement of this theory. We explore the Barents Sea Snow Crab (<em>Chionoecetes opilio</em>) fishery, with particular attention to the Norwegian approach to its management. The uncertain ecological impacts of this invasive species have led to international disputes and significant management challenges. Norway has implemented exclusionary policies by designating the crab as sedentary to limit foreign access, sparking conflicts over the Svalbard Treaty. These unilateral actions have led to fines, court cases, and diplomatic tensions. As the Snow Crab expands toward sensitive Arctic habitats, a broader governance approach is needed. We take a critical look at the exclusivity, security, and durability of property rights associated with the Norwegian Snow Crab fishery, assessing their inherent weaknesses and implications since the onset of the fishery in 2012. As there is a growing interest in developing profitable resource exploitation and fisheries for new, often invading species, the Norwegian Snow Crab fishery provides valuable lessons and guidance for governance and management of such resources, aiming to mitigate risks and foster economically viable and environmentally responsible practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 107430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107416
Ricardo Martín , Víctor Yepes
The landscape values reflect the user’s preferences related to the landscape. It represents a genuine key in marina managing processes. However, there is no economic value of how much these intangibles represent within the marina management. This study estimated the monetary value associated with landscape intangibles in marinas by combining the hedonic pricing method (HPM) and the valuation of Marina del Este in the coastal locality of La Herradura in Almuñécar, Granada, Spain. The real estate data price of houses sold during 2023, from real estate data, was used as the dependent variable, and house structural, location, and neighborhood served as independent variables. Results showed that coastal residents considered proximity to the beach and expanded sea views two of the most important factors when buying a house. Other amenities related to landscape intangibles were quietness and exclusivity. Comparing the market with intrinsic value at nearby properties, the marina value can be estimated through a direct comparison approach and, hence, obtaining an estimation of the landscape intangibles' contribution to the marina’s valuation. They can represent a value of €2,386,736.87, representing 7.91% of the marina’s value. Findings can help marina management quantify the value loss of the marina if they are not considered. They also allow landscape policymakers to determine the economic impact of landscape policies. Maintaining the landscape and its values in the marina is an effective way to preserve an attractive environment for users and visitors, and it can be an effective way to make the marina a lively destination that not only offers environmental benefits but also creates economic opportunities.
景观价值反映了用户对景观的偏好。它是码头管理过程中的真正关键。然而，这些无形资产在游艇码头管理中所占的比例并没有经济价值。本研究结合享乐主义定价法（HPM）和西班牙格拉纳达 Almuñécar La Herradura 沿海地区 Marina del Este 的估值，估算了与游艇码头景观无形资产相关的货币价值。以 2023 年期间售出房屋的房地产数据价格为因变量，房屋结构、位置和邻里关系为自变量。结果显示，沿海居民认为，靠近海滩和扩大海景视野是购买房屋时最重要的两个因素。其他与景观无形资产相关的设施包括安静和独特性。通过直接比较附近房产的市场价值和内在价值，可以估算出码头的价值，从而估算出景观无形资产对码头估值的贡献。这些无形资产的价值为 2,386,736.87 欧元，占码头价值的 7.91%。如果不考虑这些无形资产，研究结果可以帮助码头管理部门量化码头的价值损失。这些结果还能让景观政策制定者确定景观政策的经济影响。保持码头的景观及其价值是为用户和游客保留一个有吸引力的环境的有效方法，也是使码头成为一个生机勃勃的目的地的有效方法，不仅能提供环境效益，还能创造经济机会。
{"title":"Valuation of landscape intangibles: Influence on the marina management","authors":"Ricardo Martín , Víctor Yepes","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The landscape values reflect the user’s preferences related to the landscape. It represents a genuine key in marina managing processes. However, there is no economic value of how much these intangibles represent within the marina management. This study estimated the monetary value associated with landscape intangibles in marinas by combining the hedonic pricing method (HPM) and the valuation of Marina del Este in the coastal locality of La Herradura in Almuñécar, Granada, Spain. The real estate data price of houses sold during 2023, from real estate data, was used as the dependent variable, and house structural, location, and neighborhood served as independent variables. Results showed that coastal residents considered proximity to the beach and expanded sea views two of the most important factors when buying a house. Other amenities related to landscape intangibles were quietness and exclusivity. Comparing the market with intrinsic value at nearby properties, the marina value can be estimated through a direct comparison approach and, hence, obtaining an estimation of the landscape intangibles' contribution to the marina’s valuation. They can represent a value of €2,386,736.87, representing 7.91% of the marina’s value. Findings can help marina management quantify the value loss of the marina if they are not considered. They also allow landscape policymakers to determine the economic impact of landscape policies. Maintaining the landscape and its values in the marina is an effective way to preserve an attractive environment for users and visitors, and it can be an effective way to make the marina a lively destination that not only offers environmental benefits but also creates economic opportunities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 107416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107431
M.Júlia Forli , Rui Peres dos Santos , Alfredo Rodrigues , Rita Castilho
Touristic whale watching (WW) is an important socioeconomic activity worldwide. Recently, short and long-term impacts caused by WW have been reported for several cetacean species, including Delphinus delphis and Tursiops truncatus, the two most observed species in Portugal. Most of the operations in mainland Portugal are concentrated on the South Coast (Algarve). However, despite their importance for the region, studies focused on the impact of this activity on the animals are still scarce. We used acoustic behaviour analysis and land-based observations to determine the alterations in the vocalization patterns of these animals caused by WW vessels and the length of exposure to this stressor. We found WW presence significantly altered five out of six acoustic parameters of whistles, whistle rate, and whistle type distribution for D. delphis, whereas T. truncatus exhibited significant changes in three acoustic parameters. Conversely, T. truncatus significantly reduced echolocation click rates, while D. delphis did not show significant changes. We also found that the Central region of this coast is the most affected, with animals exposed to WW vessels for up to 38.9% of daylight hours. Furthermore, 66.7% of the observation time in this area had several vessels that exceeded the limit established by law. These results suggest that our study species are impacted by WW, while D. delphis is more affected during social behaviours, and T. truncatus is more affected during foraging activities. Both behaviours are biologically significant, and their disturbance might, in the long term, lead to adverse effects at the population level by decreasing reproductive success and fitness. A gap in knowledge, inadequate legislation and compliance issues threaten the development of a sustainable WW industry in the Algarve and might endanger local populations, therefore immediate attention is needed.
{"title":"The impact of touristic whale-watching on Delphinus Delphis and Tursiops truncatus in the Algarve Coast: Combining acoustic analysis and land observations","authors":"M.Júlia Forli , Rui Peres dos Santos , Alfredo Rodrigues , Rita Castilho","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Touristic whale watching (WW) is an important socioeconomic activity worldwide. Recently, short and long-term impacts caused by WW have been reported for several cetacean species, including <em>Delphinus delphis</em> and <em>Tursiops truncatus</em>, the two most observed species in Portugal. Most of the operations in mainland Portugal are concentrated on the South Coast (Algarve). However, despite their importance for the region, studies focused on the impact of this activity on the animals are still scarce. We used acoustic behaviour analysis and land-based observations to determine the alterations in the vocalization patterns of these animals caused by WW vessels and the length of exposure to this stressor. We found WW presence significantly altered five out of six acoustic parameters of whistles, whistle rate, and whistle type distribution for <em>D. delphis</em>, whereas <em>T. truncatus</em> exhibited significant changes in three acoustic parameters. Conversely, <em>T. truncatus</em> significantly reduced echolocation click rates, while <em>D. delphis</em> did not show significant changes. We also found that the Central region of this coast is the most affected, with animals exposed to WW vessels for up to 38.9% of daylight hours. Furthermore, 66.7% of the observation time in this area had several vessels that exceeded the limit established by law. These results suggest that our study species are impacted by WW, while <em>D. delphis</em> is more affected during social behaviours, and <em>T. truncatus</em> is more affected during foraging activities. Both behaviours are biologically significant, and their disturbance might, in the long term, lead to adverse effects at the population level by decreasing reproductive success and fitness. A gap in knowledge, inadequate legislation and compliance issues threaten the development of a sustainable WW industry in the Algarve and might endanger local populations, therefore immediate attention is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 107431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small-scale fisheries in the Galapagos Marine Reserve face significant challenges due to climatic anomalies and human-induced changes such as weak governance and overfishing. This overview explores the social-ecological impacts of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and climate change on Galapagos small-scale fisheries, including the progress and challenges of ENSO and climate change research in this multiple-use marine protected area. The extreme El Niño events of 1982/83, 1997/98, and 2015/16 caused significant ecological shifts and fluctuations in fisheries productivity. While some species have shown increases in biomass, likely linked to sea surface temperature changes and altered ecosystem dynamics, the impacts on others remain uncertain or underexplored. Sailfin grouper (Mycteroperca olfax) and spiny lobster (Panulirus penicillatus and P. gracilis) fisheries have exhibited mixed responses to the El Niño, illustrating the complex nature of ENSO's ecological effects, which are further exacerbated by overfishing. The socio-economic impacts on fishing communities include reduced landings, longer search times, higher fishing costs, and increased livelihood insecurity. Future projections suggest an increasing vulnerability to ENSO and climate change, emphasizing the need for an ecosystem approach to fisheries. Key strategies include enhancing adaptive capacity, promoting sustainable practices, and adopting a social-ecological and transdisciplinary research approach. However, progress in ENSO and climate change research is hampered by weak governance, characterized by institutional barriers that hinder the formulation and enforcement of solid fisheries governance policies. To strengthen the resilience of Galapagos small-scale fisheries, interinstitutional and intersectoral collaboration is essential, supported by international cooperation and strategic investments to bolster local research capabilities.
加拉帕戈斯海洋保护区的小型渔业面临着气候异常以及治理不力和过度捕捞等人为因素造成的巨大挑战。本综述探讨了厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）和气候变化对加拉帕戈斯小型渔业的社会生态影响，包括厄尔尼诺-南方涛动和气候变化研究在这个多用途海洋保护区的进展和挑战。1982/83年、1997/98年和2015/16年的极端厄尔尼诺现象造成了显著的生态变化和渔业生产力波动。虽然一些物种的生物量有所增加，这可能与海面温度变化和生态系统动态变化有关，但对其他物种的影响仍不确定或未得到充分探索。帆鳍石斑鱼（Mycteroperca olfax）和刺龙虾（Panulirus penicillatus 和 P. gracilis）渔业对厄尔尼诺现象的反应不一，说明厄尔尼诺/南方涛动对生态的影响十分复杂，过度捕捞进一步加剧了这种影响。对捕鱼社区的社会经济影响包括上岸量减少、搜寻时间延长、捕鱼成本增加以及生计更无保障。对未来的预测表明，厄尔尼诺/南方涛动和气候变化的影响越来越大，这强调了采用生态系统方法来处理渔业问题的必要性。主要战略包括提高适应能力、推广可持续做法以及采用社会生态和跨学科研究方法。然而，治理薄弱阻碍了厄尔尼诺/南方涛动和气候变化研究的进展，其特点是体制障碍阻碍了坚实的渔业治理政策的制定和执行。为了加强加拉帕戈斯小型渔业的恢复能力，必须在国际合作和战略投资的支持下开展机构间和部门间合作，以增强当地的研究能力。
{"title":"An overview of social-ecological impacts of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and climate change on Galapagos small-scale fisheries","authors":"Mauricio Castrejón , Jeremy Pittman , Jorge Ramírez-González , Omar Defeo","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small-scale fisheries in the Galapagos Marine Reserve face significant challenges due to climatic anomalies and human-induced changes such as weak governance and overfishing. This overview explores the social-ecological impacts of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and climate change on Galapagos small-scale fisheries, including the progress and challenges of ENSO and climate change research in this multiple-use marine protected area. The extreme El Niño events of 1982/83, 1997/98, and 2015/16 caused significant ecological shifts and fluctuations in fisheries productivity. While some species have shown increases in biomass, likely linked to sea surface temperature changes and altered ecosystem dynamics, the impacts on others remain uncertain or underexplored. Sailfin grouper (<em>Mycteroperca olfax</em>) and spiny lobster (<em>Panulirus penicillatus</em> and <em>P. gracilis</em>) fisheries have exhibited mixed responses to the El Niño, illustrating the complex nature of ENSO's ecological effects, which are further exacerbated by overfishing. The socio-economic impacts on fishing communities include reduced landings, longer search times, higher fishing costs, and increased livelihood insecurity. Future projections suggest an increasing vulnerability to ENSO and climate change, emphasizing the need for an ecosystem approach to fisheries. Key strategies include enhancing adaptive capacity, promoting sustainable practices, and adopting a social-ecological and transdisciplinary research approach. However, progress in ENSO and climate change research is hampered by weak governance, characterized by institutional barriers that hinder the formulation and enforcement of solid fisheries governance policies. To strengthen the resilience of <span>Galapagos</span> small-scale fisheries, interinstitutional and intersectoral collaboration is essential, supported by international cooperation and strategic investments to bolster local research capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 107436"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107419
Raphael Mayaud , David Peel , Joshua N. Smith , Craig Wilson , Susan Bengtson Nash
Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) data have been beneficial in understanding spatio-temporal patterns in marine traffic to inform assessments of vessel-strike risk to large whales. However, AIS does not represent all vessel classes, particularly recreational vessels that are not legally required to use AIS. Growing evidence suggests that recreational vessels do collide with large whales, and so risk assessments relying on AIS data can underestimate the threat and misguide conservation efforts. To address this, we conducted surveys of recreational vessel and humpback whale sightings to build density surface models and estimate relative vessel-strike risk by spatial co-occurrence in an urbanized embayment, Moreton Bay, Australia. We demonstrate that 93% of recreational vessels sighted in Moreton Bay did not use AIS and that vessel strike risk varies spatially according to vessel class (recreational vs. commercial). These results highlight the importance of including recreational vessels into vessel strike risk assessments to provide a more holistic view of vessel strike.
{"title":"The need to consider recreational vessels in risk assessments of vessel strikes to humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)","authors":"Raphael Mayaud , David Peel , Joshua N. Smith , Craig Wilson , Susan Bengtson Nash","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) data have been beneficial in understanding spatio-temporal patterns in marine traffic to inform assessments of vessel-strike risk to large whales. However, AIS does not represent all vessel classes, particularly recreational vessels that are not legally required to use AIS. Growing evidence suggests that recreational vessels do collide with large whales, and so risk assessments relying on AIS data can underestimate the threat and misguide conservation efforts. To address this, we conducted surveys of recreational vessel and humpback whale sightings to build density surface models and estimate relative vessel-strike risk by spatial co-occurrence in an urbanized embayment, Moreton Bay, Australia. We demonstrate that 93% of recreational vessels sighted in Moreton Bay did not use AIS and that vessel strike risk varies spatially according to vessel class (recreational vs. commercial). These results highlight the importance of including recreational vessels into vessel strike risk assessments to provide a more holistic view of vessel strike.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 107419"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107423
Carya Maharja , Radisti A. Praptiwi , Sainal Sainal , Prawesti Wulandari , Matthew Ashley , Kayleigh J. Wyles , Joyashree Roy , I Gede Hendrawan , Susan Jobling , Melanie C. Austen
There is limited empirical evidence showing the impacts of marine plastic pollution on ecosystem services or on human health and well-being in Global South countries. We aimed to estimate these impacts in the tropical archipelago of Indonesia, one of the top emitters of marine plastics globally, through an iterative Delphi survey, with an expert panel (n = 42) consisting of equal numbers of Indonesian scientists, policymakers, and practitioners. After two rounds of the survey, the analysis of interquartile ranges indicated that the experts reached a consensus in their predictions. The experts agreed that, over the next 10 years, plastics would be mainly accumulated in the coastal area of Java, the most densely populated island, and mostly in mangrove ecosystems. While all ecosystem services were harmed by plastic pollution, the most vulnerable services were food provisioning, genetic materials, nursery habitat, and recreation supplied by the highly vulnerable coastal ecosystems of, in descending order, mangrove, coral reef, seagrass, and sandy beach. These impacts on ecosystem services influenced different dimensions of human health and well-being and were dependent on the ecosystem types, as indicated in several statistically significant positive correlations (Spearman's rank), including those between the decline of mangrove ecosystem services and reduced household income, and between the decrease of coral reef ecosystem services and both deteriorating mental health and reduced household income. Overall, this study provides the first indication of Indonesian coastal ecosystems and ecosystem services to be prioritized for mitigation and monitoring efforts. The focus on impacts on human health and well-being also incentivizes ongoing efforts by policymakers, industry and commerce, the third sector, and the public in the country to address the contribution to global marine plastic pollution.
{"title":"Multiple negative impacts of marine plastic pollution on tropical coastal ecosystem services, and human health and well-being","authors":"Carya Maharja , Radisti A. Praptiwi , Sainal Sainal , Prawesti Wulandari , Matthew Ashley , Kayleigh J. Wyles , Joyashree Roy , I Gede Hendrawan , Susan Jobling , Melanie C. Austen","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is limited empirical evidence showing the impacts of marine plastic pollution on ecosystem services or on human health and well-being in Global South countries. We aimed to estimate these impacts in the tropical archipelago of Indonesia, one of the top emitters of marine plastics globally, through an iterative Delphi survey, with an expert panel (n = 42) consisting of equal numbers of Indonesian scientists, policymakers, and practitioners. After two rounds of the survey, the analysis of interquartile ranges indicated that the experts reached a consensus in their predictions. The experts agreed that, over the next 10 years, plastics would be mainly accumulated in the coastal area of Java, the most densely populated island, and mostly in mangrove ecosystems. While all ecosystem services were harmed by plastic pollution, the most vulnerable services were food provisioning, genetic materials, nursery habitat, and recreation supplied by the highly vulnerable coastal ecosystems of, in descending order, mangrove, coral reef, seagrass, and sandy beach. These impacts on ecosystem services influenced different dimensions of human health and well-being and were dependent on the ecosystem types, as indicated in several statistically significant positive correlations (Spearman's rank), including those between the decline of mangrove ecosystem services and reduced household income, and between the decrease of coral reef ecosystem services and both deteriorating mental health and reduced household income. Overall, this study provides the first indication of Indonesian coastal ecosystems and ecosystem services to be prioritized for mitigation and monitoring efforts. The focus on impacts on human health and well-being also incentivizes ongoing efforts by policymakers, industry and commerce, the third sector, and the public in the country to address the contribution to global marine plastic pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 107423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107427
Jiaju Lin , Shuo Wang , Yuning Zhao , Xiongzhi Xue
The coastal zone is the most intensive area of global economic activity and has been threatened by marine hazards. As climate change increases the vulnerability of coastal communities worldwide, coastal hazard management has become one of the most urgent tasks for ocean governance. While economic development may enhance social resilience, economic inequality, a side effect of economic growth, can play a significant role in social vulnerability to natural hazards. Coastal managers and policymakers urgently need relevant analyses to understand the relationship between economic inequality and marine hazards. Here, we analyzed the links between economic inequality and direct economic losses from storm surge disasters in 11 coastal regions of China between 2000 and 2020. Our results show that provincial income inequality significantly increases direct economic losses from storm surge disasters. For every 1% increase in the provincial disposable income Gini index, annual losses increase by 4.8%–7.8%. Moreover, with a 1% increase in the provincial income gap, relative annual losses (compared with provincial GDP) increase by 0.051%–0.056%. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that losses in northern and eastern marine economic circles are most affected by income inequality. We also find that with increasing economic development level, the aggravating effect of income inequality on losses becomes more significant. Our work indicated that achieving income equity may be a crucial factor for coastal hazard mitigation, which provides new insights into global coastal hazard management.
{"title":"The inequality of economic development increases the direct economic loss of storm surge disaster in China","authors":"Jiaju Lin , Shuo Wang , Yuning Zhao , Xiongzhi Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coastal zone is the most intensive area of global economic activity and has been threatened by marine hazards. As climate change increases the vulnerability of coastal communities worldwide, coastal hazard management has become one of the most urgent tasks for ocean governance. While economic development may enhance social resilience, economic inequality, a side effect of economic growth, can play a significant role in social vulnerability to natural hazards. Coastal managers and policymakers urgently need relevant analyses to understand the relationship between economic inequality and marine hazards. Here, we analyzed the links between economic inequality and direct economic losses from storm surge disasters in 11 coastal regions of China between 2000 and 2020. Our results show that provincial income inequality significantly increases direct economic losses from storm surge disasters. For every 1% increase in the provincial disposable income Gini index, annual losses increase by 4.8%–7.8%. Moreover, with a 1% increase in the provincial income gap, relative annual losses (compared with provincial GDP) increase by 0.051%–0.056%. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that losses in northern and eastern marine economic circles are most affected by income inequality. We also find that with increasing economic development level, the aggravating effect of income inequality on losses becomes more significant. Our work indicated that achieving income equity may be a crucial factor for coastal hazard mitigation, which provides new insights into global coastal hazard management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"258 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107424
Hatim Albasri , Jesmond Sammut
Mariculture zones in MPAs are primarily determined based on cost-effective/environmental criteria and rarely incorporate local community preferences. This study proposed a GIS-based site selection model to solve the conflicting issues in designing mariculture zones to support small-scale finfish farmers in MPAs. The work was undertaken in the Anambas Archipelago MPA to represent a commonly populated small-island MPA in Indonesia and other developing countries. A three-stage site selection model (constraint, site suitability, and stakeholder preference) with various criteria was employed using a modified parameter-specific suitability function (PSSF) with a non-weighted geometric mean. The stakeholder preference was used to counterbalance the dominance of environmental sub-models. The first stage analysis using the constraint sub-model determined that only 10.16% (1199.70 km2) of the total extent of the study area (11,811.77 km2) was categorized as feasible for finfish mariculture. The subsequent site suitability sub-model determined that only 32.3% (387 km2) and 30.1% (361.6 km2) of the feasible areas were classed best for finfish mariculture in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Areas classified as good covered 41.25% (494.9 km2) and 40.1% (481.65 km2) of the total feasible areas in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The stakeholder preference sub-model had classified 33.21 km2 (2.77%) of the feasible area as the best sites that could be allocated as mariculture zones for the local community. The site selection model successfully incorporates multiple site selection parameters, addresses poor data availability and improves fair allocation of mariculture zone in the MPA via two specific approaches. The nature of the geometric mean prevents the allocation of suitable areas in the MPA-specific zones, such as core zones. Second, the stakeholder preference improves the fairness of the mariculture zone allocation due to the incorporation of local fish farmers' preferences. The proposed site selection model could be used to designate mariculture zones in a data-poor MPA environment and facilitate local communities in developing sustainable small-scale finfish mariculture in MPAs.
{"title":"Fair allocation of small-scale finfish mariculture zones in multi-use MPAs using multi criteria evaluation with stakeholder preferences","authors":"Hatim Albasri , Jesmond Sammut","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mariculture zones in MPAs are primarily determined based on cost-effective/environmental criteria and rarely incorporate local community preferences. This study proposed a GIS-based site selection model to solve the conflicting issues in designing mariculture zones to support small-scale finfish farmers in MPAs. The work was undertaken in the Anambas Archipelago MPA to represent a commonly populated small-island MPA in Indonesia and other developing countries. A three-stage site selection model (constraint, site suitability, and stakeholder preference) with various criteria was employed using a modified parameter-specific suitability function (PSSF) with a non-weighted geometric mean. The stakeholder preference was used to counterbalance the dominance of environmental sub-models. The first stage analysis using the constraint sub-model determined that only 10.16% (1199.70 km<sup>2</sup>) of the total extent of the study area (11,811.77 km<sup>2</sup>) was categorized as feasible for finfish mariculture. The subsequent site suitability sub-model determined that only 32.3% (387 km<sup>2</sup>) and 30.1% (361.6 km<sup>2</sup>) of the feasible areas were classed best for finfish mariculture in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Areas classified as good covered 41.25% (494.9 km<sup>2</sup>) and 40.1% (481.65 km<sup>2</sup>) of the total feasible areas in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The stakeholder preference sub-model had classified 33.21 km<sup>2</sup> (2.77%) of the feasible area as the best sites that could be allocated as mariculture zones for the local community. The site selection model successfully incorporates multiple site selection parameters, addresses poor data availability and improves fair allocation of mariculture zone in the MPA via two specific approaches. The nature of the geometric mean prevents the allocation of suitable areas in the MPA-specific zones, such as core zones. Second, the stakeholder preference improves the fairness of the mariculture zone allocation due to the incorporation of local fish farmers' preferences. The proposed site selection model could be used to designate mariculture zones in a data-poor MPA environment and facilitate local communities in developing sustainable small-scale finfish mariculture in MPAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"258 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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