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Examining the discrepancy and synergy between marine protected areas and fisheries management in the Bohai Sea, China 研究中国渤海海洋保护区与渔业管理之间的差异和协同作用
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107409
Yunzhou Li , Jie Yin , Ming Sun , Kristin Kleisner , Emilie Litsinger , Shems Jud , Yi Tang , Yong Chen
Marine protected areas (MPAs) and other area-based conservation measures used in conjunction with climate-smart fisheries management approaches are important for safeguarding ecosystem and fish population health. However, spatial management approaches are often implemented separately from non-spatial management interventions due to their distinct legislative processes, management priorities, and administrating agencies. As global ocean governance becomes increasingly spatial in compliance with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, it is imperative to examine the utility of MPAs as a wider ecosystem approach to complement traditional, single species fisheries management. In this study, we examine current policy and management transformations happening in the Bohai Sea in China and demonstrate the discrepancies and synergies between MPA governance and fisheries management. By evaluating their interactions in objective setting, area selection, and management regulations, we reveal the gaps in coordination and consultancy between the government agencies implementing fisheries and spatial conservation measures. In particular, there is ambiguity or lack of consideration of fisheries management objectives in the framing of conservation area objectives and regulations, and vice versa. In addition, the mismatch between stated objectives of MPAs and their geographic coverage of species distribution ranges suggests insufficient incorporation of fishery expertise in conservation planning. To strengthen the cooperation between fisheries and conservation authorities, we identify opportunities and actions for synergizing management goals and ecosystem-based approaches, improving the design of spatial restrictions, and better integrating spatial management interventions as a critical fisheries and ecosystem-based management approach. These proposed changes will necessitate the creation of processes for engaging the full spectrum of expertise and actors, enhancing collaborations at multiple scales and between different sectors. These findings offer practical insights into bridging the gap between fisheries management and MPAs and could inform further decisions on integrated management in the Bohai Sea and elsewhere.
海洋保护区(MPA)和其他基于区域的养护措施与气候智能型渔业管理方法结合使用,对保护生态系统和鱼类种群健康非常重要。然而,由于立法程序、管理重点和管理机构的不同,空间管理方法通常与非空间管理干预措施分开实施。根据《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》,全球海洋治理的空间性日益增强,因此必须研究海洋保护区作为一种更广泛的生态系统方法的效用,以补充传统的单一物种渔业管理。在本研究中,我们考察了中国渤海当前的政策和管理变革,并展示了海洋保护区治理与渔业管理之间的差异和协同作用。通过评估两者在目标设定、区域选择和管理条例方面的相互作用,我们揭示了实施渔业和空间保护措施的政府机构之间在协调和咨询方面存在的差距。特别是,在制定保护区目标和法规时,渔业管理目标含糊不清或缺乏考虑,反之亦然。此外,海洋保护区的既定目标与其对物种分布范围的地理覆盖不匹配,表明在保护规划中没有充分纳入渔业专业知识。为了加强渔业和保护当局之间的合作,我们确定了协同管理目标和基于生态系统方法的机会和行动,改进空间限制的设计,更好地整合空间管理干预措施,将其作为重要的渔业和基于生态系统的管理方法。要实现这些拟议的变革,就必须创建让所有专业知识和参与者参与其中的程序,加强多尺度和不同部门之间的合作。这些发现为弥合渔业管理与海洋保护区之间的差距提供了切实可行的见解,并可为渤海和其他地区综合管理的进一步决策提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial-temporal evolution and drivers of ecological sustainability of coastal fisheries in China 中国沿海渔业生态可持续性的时空演变与驱动因素
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107403
Fanzhen Kong , Wanglai Cui
Marine fisheries are an important source for the survival and economic livelihood of the world's population. With coastal economic development, rapid population growth, and advances in fishing technology, oceans and coastal areas have been placed under greater environmental pressure. Therefore, the sustainability of coastal fisheries must be revisited. This study used the 3D ecological footprint (EF) model and partial least squares (PLS) to analyze the spatial-temporal evolution of the ecological sustainability of coastal fisheries in China, and discuss the direct and indirect impacts of drivers from economic, social, and technological perspectives. Results showed that the gap between per capita EF and per capita biocapacity (BC) of coastal fisheries narrowed until it stabilized from 2010 to 2020. Footprint depth and size wholly showed a fluctuating upward trend. In terms of spatial distribution, footprint depth was high in the north and low in the south, and footprint size was a relatively scattered. Consumption pull had the largest effect on the ecological sustainability of coastal fisheries in China, followed by the economy push, but the effect of technology suppression was not significant. Some policy recommendations for sustainable fisheries governance were proposed in terms of consumption structure transformation, fisheries industry upgrading, and ecosystem-based management. This study indicated that the current development of coastal fisheries in China is sustainable from an ecological supply and demand perspective. The findings provide information on effective coastal fisheries governance and broad coastal and ocean management, and have the potential to provide references for sustainable fisheries governance in other coastal countries with similar contexts.
海洋渔业是世界人口生存和经济生活的重要来源。随着沿海经济的发展、人口的快速增长和捕鱼技术的进步,海洋和沿海地区面临着更大的环境压力。因此,必须重新审视沿海渔业的可持续性。本研究利用三维生态足迹(EF)模型和偏最小二乘法(PLS)分析了中国近海渔业生态可持续性的时空演变,并从经济、社会和技术角度探讨了驱动因素的直接和间接影响。结果表明,2010-2020年间,近海渔业人均生态足迹(EF)与人均生物容量(BC)之间的差距不断缩小,直至稳定。足迹深度和大小总体呈波动上升趋势。从空间分布来看,足迹深度北部高、南部低,足迹大小相对分散。消费拉动对中国近海渔业生态可持续性的影响最大,其次是经济推动,但技术抑制的影响并不显著。研究从消费结构转型、渔业产业升级、生态系统管理等方面提出了渔业可持续治理的政策建议。研究表明,从生态供需角度看,中国沿海渔业的发展现状是可持续的。研究结果为有效的近海渔业治理和广泛的沿海与海洋管理提供了信息,并有可能为其他具有类似背景的沿海国家的可持续渔业治理提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Study on factors affecting resilience behaviours of residents in coastal rural community management in response to typhoons 沿海农村社区管理中居民应对台风的抗灾行为影响因素研究
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107400
Yaying Chen , Xiaolong Su
Coastal rural areas are highly vulnerable to a variety of climate-related disasters, including severe typhoons, extreme temperatures, and other environmental changes, each significantly damaging their ecosystems, economies, and communities. To more effectively predict, respond to, and recover from adverse events, and to maintain community stability and prosperity in these areas, building community resilience has become a central objective in coastal management. A comprehensive understanding of residents' resilience behaviours is essential for bolstering community resilience. Existing research primarily focuses on the causes and intervention strategies associated with residents' resilience, yet it neglects the mechanisms underlying residents' resilience behaviours. This study focuses on typhoon disasters in coastal rural areas, applying the Rural Coastal Community Resilience framework for the first time to expand typhoon resilience behaviours among coastal rural residents from five dimensions. It utilizes the widely recognized Theory of Planned Behaviour model, incorporating three critical variables essential for resilience building-risk perception, trust in community agencies, and community support-to analyse the mechanisms of resilience behaviours. The findings indicate that perceived behavioural control is the foremost predictor of resilience behaviours during typhoons and contrary to traditional views, trust in community agencies did not impact behavioural intentions positively. Moreover, community support, acting as a moderating factor, significantly facilitated the transformation from intentions to behaviours, highlighting the importance of external support. These innovative findings provide valuable strategies and insights for resilience building in coastal rural areas.
沿海农村地区极易遭受各种与气候有关的灾害,包括强台风、极端气温和其他环境变化,每一种灾害都会严重破坏其生态系统、经济和社区。为了更有效地预测、应对和从不利事件中恢复,维护这些地区的社区稳定和繁荣,提高社区的抗灾能力已成为沿海管理的核心目标。全面了解居民的抗灾行为对提高社区的抗灾能力至关重要。现有研究主要关注与居民抗灾能力相关的原因和干预策略,但忽视了居民抗灾行为的内在机制。本研究以沿海农村地区的台风灾害为研究对象,首次应用农村沿海社区抗灾能力框架,从五个维度拓展沿海农村居民的台风抗灾行为。该研究利用广受认可的计划行为理论模型,结合抗灾能力建设所必需的三个关键变量--风险认知、对社区机构的信任和社区支持,分析了抗灾行为的机制。研究结果表明,感知行为控制是台风期间抗灾行为的首要预测因素,与传统观点相反,对社区机构的信任并不会对行为意向产生积极影响。此外,社区支持作为一个调节因素,极大地促进了从意愿到行为的转变,凸显了外部支持的重要性。这些创新性发现为沿海农村地区的抗灾能力建设提供了宝贵的策略和见解。
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引用次数: 0
Atlantic Tarpon in Cuban fisheries: a historically exploited and very vulnerable species 古巴渔业中的大西洋鲢鱼:历史上曾被开发但非常脆弱的鱼种
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107386
Zenaida María Navarro-Martínez , Dorka Cobián-Rojas , Servando Valle , Eddy García-Alfonso , Aaron Adams , Thomas K. Frazer , Jorge Angulo-Valdés
Atlantic Tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) is a well-known sport-fish species, but for most of the Cuban people it is best known for consumption. Currently, it is listed as vulnerable by Cuban fishery authorities, despite the lack of studies on its ecology and management. A critical knowledge gap is the characterization of the Atlantic Tarpon commercial fishery, including estimates of the fishery's distribution, catch yield, seasonality, historical trends, and size composition. Therefore, this contribution characterizes Cuban Atlantic Tarpon state and private commercial fisheries through the assessment of these factors. Firstly, we visited 42 Cuban fishing ports (and nearby areas) during 2016–2017 and recovered information from fishers about Atlantic Tarpon perceived abundance, seasonality, and incidence in fisheries. Secondly, we analyzed the Atlantic Tarpon captures from the state (1981–2021) and private (2014–2021) commercial fisheries in Cuba. Lastly, we analyzed captures from Villa Clara, where one of the enterprises with higher capture reports occurs (EPICAI), to assess Atlantic Tarpon size composition (2016–2022). Atlantic Tarpon is distributed and captured along all of Cuba's shelf, and the fishery is following a decreasing trend, similar to the Cuban total finfish fisheries. Site-specific dynamics were observed in historical trends and seasonality, with the northeastern and southeastern areas the most important in terms of Atlantic Tarpon captures. Villa Clara samples resulted in numerous Atlantic Tarpon smaller than both its minimum size at maturity (75% < 880 mm) and its minimum legal size for Cuban fisheries (36.77% < 430 mm). The sustainability of Atlantic Tarpon as a fishing resource is of huge concern since it is a very vulnerable species in Cuban fisheries, protected by minor and in some cases ineffective regulations (very small legal minimum size), with synergistic pressures occurring locally, and under the perspective of worse scenarios.
大西洋鲢(Megalops atlanticus)是一种著名的运动鱼类,但对大多数古巴人来说,它最著名的用途是食用。目前,尽管缺乏对其生态和管理的研究,古巴渔业当局仍将其列为易危物种。一个关键的知识缺口是大西洋鲢商业渔业的特征,包括对渔业分布、渔获量、季节性、历史趋势和大小组成的估计。因此,本报告通过对这些因素的评估,描述了古巴大西洋鲢国营和私营商业渔业的特征。首先,我们在 2016-2017 年期间访问了 42 个古巴渔港(及附近地区),并从渔民处获取了有关大西洋鲢的认知丰度、季节性和渔业发生率的信息。其次,我们分析了古巴国营(1981-2021 年)和私营(2014-2021 年)商业渔业捕获的大西洋鲢鱼。最后,我们分析了捕获量报告较多的企业(EPICAI)之一比利亚克拉拉的捕获量,以评估大西洋鲢的体型组成(2016-2022 年)。大西洋鲢鱼分布在古巴所有大陆架上并被捕捞,其捕捞量呈下降趋势,与古巴有鳍鱼类渔业总量类似。在历史趋势和季节性方面观察到了特定地点的动态变化,东北部和东南部地区的大西洋鲢捕获量最大。在 Villa Clara 的样本中,有大量大西洋鲢鱼小于其成熟时的最小尺寸(75% < 880 毫米)和古巴渔业的最小合法尺寸(36.77% < 430 毫米)。大西洋鲢作为一种渔业资源,其可持续性令人极为担忧,因为在古巴渔业中,大西洋鲢是一种非常脆弱的鱼种,受到较小的保护,在某些情况下甚至受到无效法规的保护(法定最小尺寸非常小),在当地出现协同压力,并面临更糟糕的情况。
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引用次数: 0
Fishery status of the green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) in Palk Bay, in the southeast coast of India: Local and global perspectives 印度东南沿海帕克湾的青虎虾(Penaeus semisulcatus)渔业状况:地方和全球视角
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107395
Rajkumar Muthusamy , Saraswathy Lakshmi Pillai , Saravanan Raju , Ranjith Lakshmanan , Kavitha Mookaiah , Shoba Joe Kizhakudan
The green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844), traded as Mandapam flower shrimp internationally, is large-sized shrimp and landed on the coast of Palk Bay, India. This work aimed to describe the status of its fishery and identify challenges for the better management of these resources. The estimated fishery landings of P. semisulcatus in 2022 were 7658 t, with an annual average of 6493 t from 2020 to 2022, contributing to the total penaeid shrimp landings in Palk Bay at 57.6%. The economic value of this fishery was estimated to be around $53 million USDs annually (1 USD = 83.16 INR). Between 2007 and 2022, there was a significant difference between green tiger shrimp and total penaeid shrimp landings in Palk Bay across gears and years. All shrimp from Palk Bay have export markets to Japan, the USA, China, and European countries. The average annual export of P. semisulcatus (2015-16 to 2022–23) was 3532 t ($30.9 million USDs). In 2022–23, the USA was the biggest importer of frozen shrimp, followed by China, the European countries, Southeast Asia, Japan, and the Middle-East countries. We formulated a policy guidelines framework for the management and co-management of the green tiger shrimp fishery in Palk Bay based on a precautionary approach.
青虎虾(Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan,1844 年)在国际贸易中被称为曼达帕姆花虾(Mandapam flower shrimp),是一种大型虾类,在印度帕克湾海岸上岸。这项工作旨在描述其渔业状况,并确定更好地管理这些资源所面临的挑战。估计2022年P. semisulcatus的上岸量为7658吨,2020年至2022年的年均上岸量为6493吨,占巴尔干湾青花对虾上岸总量的57.6%。据估计,该渔业的经济价值约为每年 5300 万美元(1 美元 = 83.16 印度卢比)。2007年至2022年期间,在不同渔具和年份,巴尔克湾的青虎虾和总对虾上岸量之间存在显著差异。帕克湾的所有对虾都有出口市场,主要销往日本、美国、中国和欧洲国家。半滑对虾的年平均出口量(2015-16 年至 2022-23 年)为 3532 吨(3090 万美元)。2022-23 年,美国是最大的冷冻虾进口国,其次是中国、欧洲国家、东南亚、日本和中东国家。我们根据预防性方法制定了巴尔干湾青虎虾渔业管理和共同管理的政策指导框架。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the adaptive capacity of a fisheries social-ecological system to global change 探索渔业社会生态系统对全球变化的适应能力
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107391
Vanessa Stelzenmüller , Jonas Letschert , Benjamin Blanz , Alexandra M. Blöcker , Joachim Claudet , Roland Cormier , Kira Gee , Hermann Held , Andreas Kannen , Maren Kruse , Henrike Rambo , Jürgen Schaper , Camilla Sguotti , Nicole Stollberg , Emily Quiroga , Christian Möllmann
Global change challenges coupled natural-human systems such as fisheries social-ecological systems (SES) because they are confined by spatial and functional ecosystem boundaries. Understanding the capacity of an SES to adapt to changing environmental or socio-economic conditions is complex and entails an analysis of the system's properties such as resilience, resistance, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity. We used a modified Ostrom framework to structure our analyses and to define the SES components, attributes and indicators of the German mixed demersal fishery SES operating in the southern North Sea. Combining analyses of 20-year time series of environmental and socio-economic data with network analysis and semi-structured interviews allowed for a detailed description of past SES adaptations. Hence, our analysis revealed autonomous adaptations of the SES to environmental and socio-economic change, which entailed a shift in target species, fishing strategies as well as a distinct decrease in number of actors. We found that the adaptive capacity of the SES has declined over time, and that the SES is now on the brink of being unable to withstand future environmental and socio-economic change. It is therefore captured in an undesirable state, reflecting a social-ecological trap where social and environmental feedbacks negatively reinforce each other. The main barriers to the adaptive capacity of the SES are related to fishing cultures, economic structures, policy frameworks and increasing conflicts over the use of marine space. An in-depth understanding of the linkages between the identified key SES components and related indicators is a prerequisite for developing future management approaches to enhance the adaptive capacity of SES to global change. Our findings highlight the need for tailored and context-specific co-management approaches for all decision-making processes affecting SES.
全球变化对渔业社会生态系统(SES)等自然-人类耦合系统提出了挑战,因为它们受到空间和功能生态系统边界的限制。要了解一个社会生态系统适应环境或社会经济条件变化的能力非常复杂,需要分析该系统的特性,如恢复力、抵抗力、脆弱性和适应能力。我们使用修改后的奥斯特罗姆框架来构建我们的分析,并定义在北海南部作业的德国底层混合渔业 SES 的 SES 组成部分、属性和指标。通过对 20 年时间序列的环境和社会经济数据进行分析,并结合网络分析和半结构式访谈,可以详细描述过去的 SES 适应情况。因此,我们的分析揭示了 SES 对环境和社会经济变化的自主适应,其中包括目标物种、捕捞策略的转变以及参与者数量的明显减少。我们发现,随着时间的推移,生态系统服务补偿的适应能力有所下降,目前已濒临无法承受未来环境和社会经济变化的边缘。因此,它处于一种不理想的状态,反映了社会和环境反馈相互负强化的社会生态陷阱。影响生态系统服务补偿适应能力的主要障碍与渔业文化、经济结构、政策框架和日益加剧的海洋空间利用冲突有关。深入了解已确定的可持续海洋环境的关键组成部分和相关指标之间的联系,是制定未来管理方法以提高可持续海洋环境对全球变化的适应能力的先决条件。我们的研究结果突出表明,在影响生态系统服务补偿的所有决策过程中,都需要采取量身定制、因地制宜的共同管理方法。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-tier captive relations in the global value chain of tuna: The case of Fair Trade certification of small-scale tuna fishery in Indonesia 全球金枪鱼价值链中的多层圈养关系:印度尼西亚小型金枪鱼渔业的公平贸易认证案例
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107398
Puspi Eko Wiranthi, Hilde M. Toonen, Peter Oosterveer
Voluntary sustainability standards have been used as a governance mechanism to ensure the sustainability of fisheries products traded from developing countries. Different standards have become market forces that actors along the value chain are expected to follow to access markets and remain competitive. Recent attention is also being paid to small-scale fisheries, but there is relatively little information about the efficacy of the translation of standards by all actors in the value chain. This study examines how a voluntary sustainability standard is translated from an international buyer down to the producer and the effectiveness of this on social and environmental sustainability. The global value chain (GVC) modular framework is applied to assess the implementation of and compliance with the standard. The analysis is done at the micro, meso, and macro levels. We use the first-ever Fair Trade USA certification for handline small-scale tuna fishery in Maluku, Indonesia, as our case study. The findings indicate that the captive forms of governance prevailing at the micro and meso levels of the value chain vary considerably. This adds a layer of complexity to the extent to which a sustainability standard changes the structure and governance of the value chain. The efficacy of such changes in promoting social and environmental sustainability is constrained by the unequal power dynamics among the various actors operating at the different levels. The findings from this study may contribute to optimizing the value chain for greater sustainability outcomes by involving local actors and accommodating various governance mechanisms to organize the value chain.
自愿可持续性标准被用作确保发展中国家渔业产品贸易可持续性的治理机制。不同的标准已成为市场力量,价值链上的参与者都应遵守,以进入市场并保持竞争力。最近,小型渔业也受到关注,但关于价值链中所有参与者对标准进行转化的效果的信息相对较少。本研究探讨了自愿性可持续发展标准如何从国际买家向生产者转化,以及这种转化对社会和环境可持续发展的效果。全球价值链(GVC)模块框架被用来评估标准的实施和遵守情况。分析从微观、中观和宏观三个层面进行。我们以印尼马鲁古省手持式小型金枪鱼渔业首次获得的美国公平贸易认证为案例进行研究。研究结果表明,在价值链的微观和中观层面上普遍存在的管理形式差别很大。这为可持续性标准在多大程度上改变价值链的结构和管理增加了一层复杂性。这种改变在促进社会和环境可持续性方面的效力受到在不同层面上运作的各种参与者之间不平等的权力动态的制约。这项研究的结果可能有助于优化价值链,通过让当地行动者参与进来,并采用各种治理机制来组织价值链,从而取得更大的可持续性成果。
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引用次数: 0
Sedimentation analysis of the maritime stretch after dredging activities for widening and deepening Santos’ Port Channel 桑托斯港航道拓宽和加深疏浚活动后的海域沉积分析
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107383
Patrícia Dalsoglio Garcia, Daniel Muraro Matheus, Tiago Zenker Gireli
Occupying a prominent position in the world ranking for container handling, the Port of Santos stands out as one of the largest and busiest port complexes globally. It holds the title of the largest port in the Southern Hemisphere and ranks second in Latin America, second only to the Port of Colón in Panama. In 2010, the port started an expansion process in its navigation channel, reaching a minimum width of 220 m and an average design depth of 15 m, allowing safe passage of ships with drafts up to 13.50 m with an additional increase in this measure up to 1 m at high tide. The adjustments made to the sedimentary dynamics of the estuarine channel had a twofold impact: an increase in the amount of maintenance dredging required to keep the channel navigable, and morphological changes in the Ponta da Praia region. Thus, this study seeks to evaluate the management of maintenance dredging in Santos’ Porto by examining the alterations in sediment dynamics in a section on the Porto Channel. For that, we calculated the rate of sedimentation in the channel after its expansion to a depth of −15.0 m, considering the space and temporal variability of these rates. To determine the sediment contribution, we compared of seabed elevation data from consecutive campaigns performed between 2014 and 2019 in the maritime area of the Porto Channel, considering dredged volumes in the sedimentary balance analysis. In addition, we divided the Channel access into 11 control areas to assess sedimentation rates during non-dredging periods. Therefore, over long periods and considering the entire area, the average sedimentation rate was 4.2 × 106 m3/year, with a standard deviation of 1.7 × 106 m3/year. We noted in short periods between surveys with higher rates, up to 1.57 × 106 m3/month, with no correlation to extreme storm events. In addition, we observed a greater sedimentation rate in the curve stretch (areas 5 to 9) than in other control areas. Here, SPA-hired dredges cannot maintain the required depth with this sedimentation rate. The port authority must provide alternative solutions as the access channel deepens. It must intensify the frequency of dredging in the critical sedimentation areas (to the curved stretch of the channel and the entrance to the estuary) to maintain the target depth. When sedimentation rates are high, the efficiency of dredging operations decreases, rendering navigation with loaded vessels unfeasible.
桑托斯港在世界集装箱吞吐量排名中占据重要位置,是全球最大、最繁忙的港口群之一。它是南半球最大的港口,在拉丁美洲排名第二,仅次于巴拿马的科隆港。2010 年,该港口开始扩建航道,航道最小宽度达到 220 米,平均设计水深 15 米,允许吃水达 13.50 米的船只安全通过,涨潮时吃水还可增加 1 米。对河口航道沉积动力学的调整产生了两方面的影响:为保持航道通航所需的维护性疏浚量增加,以及普拉亚角地区的形态变化。因此,本研究试图通过考察波尔图海峡一段沉积物动力学的变化,对桑托斯波尔图的维护性疏浚管理进行评估。为此,我们计算了波尔图海峡扩挖至-15.0 米深后的沉积速率,并考虑了这些速率的空间和时间变化。为了确定沉积物的贡献,我们比较了 2014 年至 2019 年期间在波尔图海峡海域连续进行的海床高程数据,并在沉积平衡分析中考虑了疏浚量。此外,我们还将海峡通道划分为 11 个控制区,以评估非疏浚期间的沉积速率。因此,从长期和整个区域来看,平均沉积速率为 4.2 × 106 立方米/年,标准偏差为 1.7 × 106 立方米/年。我们注意到,在两次调查之间的短时间内,沉积速率较高,最高可达 1.57 × 106 立方米/月,但与极端风暴事件无关。此外,我们还观察到曲线段(5 至 9 号区域)的沉积率高于其他对照区。在这种情况下,港务局租用的挖泥船无法保持所需的深度。随着通道的加深,港务局必须提供其他解决方案。港务局必须加强关键沉积区(航道弯曲段和河口入口处)的疏浚频率,以保持目标深度。当沉积率较高时,疏浚作业的效率就会降低,导致满载船只无法航行。
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引用次数: 0
Evolution and recent trends of Indian oil sardine research: A review 印度油沙丁鱼研究的演变和最新趋势:综述
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107396
Bhagyashree Dash, Sanjiba Kumar Baliarsingh, Alakes Samanta, Sidhartha Sahoo, Sudheer Joseph, T.M. Balakrishnan Nair
The Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps, hereafter IOS) has a unique position in terms of its economic value. In the last decade, IOS has contributed about 15–20% to India's total marine fish landings. However, recently, a sharp decline has been observed in the annual landing of the resource, and it is on the verge of collapsing due to climatic and anthropogenic perturbations. Various researchers have observed a cyclic pattern of wide annual fluctuation for IOS. This review revealed a long history of IOS research dating back to 1924. To mine the information regarding past research on IOS, bibliometric analysis has been carried out to understand the growth of literature, research area focuses, and research requirements. This study highlights a noticeable shift in research focus regarding IOS. While earlier investigations centered primarily on the physiology and biochemical properties of sardine and sardine oil, contemporary research emphasizes oceanographic parameters in relation to the IOS life cycle. The evolution of research efforts now extends beyond taxonomic classification, encompassing ecological, fisheries, and environmental aspects. The study underscores an increasing awareness of the multifaceted challenges posed by climate change and anthropogenic activities, which have prompted a transition toward interdisciplinary research approaches aimed at IOS conservation. A notable gap identified in this study is the lack of comprehensive analyses on IOS habitat suitability, particularly under dynamic oceanographic conditions and environmental indicators critical for predicting IOS availability. Additionally, the study points to the potential application of advanced predictive modeling techniques, including regression-based models such as Generalized Linear Models (GLM) and Generalized Additive Models (GAM), as well as machine learning approaches like Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) and Random Forest (RF), to predict IOS abundance and distribution effectively.
印度油沙丁鱼(Sardinella longiceps,以下简称 IOS)在经济价值方面具有独特的地位。在过去十年中,印度油沙丁鱼约占印度海洋鱼类上岸总量的 15-20%。但最近,由于气候和人为因素的干扰,该资源的年上岸量急剧下降,濒临崩溃。不同的研究人员都观察到了国际海洋观测系统每年波动幅度较大的周期性模式。这项研究显示,国际海洋观测系统的研究历史悠久,可追溯到 1924 年。为了挖掘过去有关内部监督办公室研究的信息,我们进行了文献计量分析,以了解文献的增长、研究领域的重点和研究要求。这项研究强调了有关内部监督办公室研究重点的明显转变。早期的研究主要集中于沙丁鱼和沙丁鱼油的生理和生化特性,而当代的研究则强调与 IOS 生命周期相关的海洋学参数。研究工作的演变现已超出了分类学的范畴,涵盖了生态、渔业和环境方面。这项研究强调,人们日益认识到气候变化和人为活动带来的多方面挑战,这促使人们转向以保护海洋观测系统为目标的跨学科研究方法。本研究发现的一个显著差距是缺乏对海洋观测系统栖息地适宜性的全面分析,特别是在动态海洋条件下,以及对预测海洋观测系统可用性至关重要的环境指标。此外,该研究还指出了先进预测建模技术的潜在应用,包括基于回归的模型,如广义线性模型(GLM)和广义相加模型(GAM),以及机器学习方法,如提升回归树(BRT)和随机森林(RF),以有效预测 IOS 的丰度和分布。
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引用次数: 0
Rising waters, divergent perspectives: Understanding sea level rise concerns and gender differences 海平面上升,观点各异:了解海平面上升问题和性别差异
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107393
Sisi Meng , Chang Liu , Pallab Mozumder

The impacts of sea level rise (SLR) are already being felt in many populous and low-lying coastal areas worldwide, making it one of the most pressing threats posed by climate change. While public concerns and perceptions regarding SLR have been widely studied, limited research has investigated divergent views on its specific impacts on local communities. This study aims to fill this gap by examining concerns over the economic, physical, and ecological impacts of SLR through a household survey conducted in Florida in 2014. Our findings indicate that residents express the greatest concern about higher insurance premiums, followed by increased contaminants in water supply and destructive storms. Moreover, this study places special focus on gender differences along with other factors contributing to heterogeneous concern levels. Our results demonstrate that women exhibit significantly higher levels of concern than men for all potential impacts associated with sea level rise, with the most pronounced differences observed in physical impacts and less pronounced differences in economic impacts. Furthermore, the gender gap is greater in low-resilience communities and smaller in high-resilience communities across all impacts. These insights provide valuable guidance for the development of adaptation strategies for sea level rise in coastal areas.

全球许多人口众多的低洼沿海地区已经感受到了海平面上升(SLR)的影响,使其成为气候变化带来的最紧迫威胁之一。虽然公众对海平面上升的关注和看法已被广泛研究,但对其对当地社区的具体影响的不同看法的研究却很有限。本研究旨在填补这一空白,通过 2014 年在佛罗里达州进行的一项家庭调查,研究人们对可持续土地退化对经济、物理和生态影响的担忧。我们的研究结果表明,居民最担心的是保险费上涨,其次是供水中污染物的增加和破坏性风暴。此外,本研究还特别关注性别差异以及导致不同关注水平的其他因素。我们的研究结果表明,在与海平面上升相关的所有潜在影响方面,女性的担忧程度都明显高于男性,其中物理影响方面的差异最为明显,而经济影响方面的差异则不太明显。此外,在所有影响中,低抗灾能力社区的性别差距更大,而高抗灾能力社区的性别差距较小。这些见解为沿海地区制定适应海平面上升的战略提供了宝贵的指导。
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引用次数: 0
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Ocean & Coastal Management
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