Ocean & Coastal Management最新文献_第3页

Tracing offshore marine ecosystem asset changes based on physical accounting: A case of Xiamen Sea Area 基于物理核算的近海海洋生态系统资产变化追踪：厦门海域案例

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY

Ocean & Coastal Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107420

Assessing temporal and spatial changes in marine ecosystem assets is critical for the capitalized management of natural resources and their contribution to human well-being. However, quantifying these changes using different inclusion methods in the System National Account is a challenge. Ecosystem accounting has become a popular topic in recent years, particularly after the System of Environmental and Economic Accounting-Ecosystem Accounting was published in 2021. However, few practical studies have been conducted on offshore marine ecosystem accounting, including marine ecosystem assets and services. This study provides a systematic framework to prioritize the assessment of offshore marine ecosystem assets (extent and condition) in physical terms, including the determined indicators of physical accounts and the presentation of accounting results. We then used this framework to assess marine ecosystem assets in the Xiamen Sea Area selected from 2006 to 2020. The results show that: (a) The extent of the marine ecosystem in Xiamen decreased by 8.34% from 349.64 km² to 320.49 km², mainly caused by converting intertidal ecosystem into the land due to the demand for urban and industrial use sea. (b) The area of intertidal vegetation habitats (mangroves and salt marshes) increased from 23.22 hm² to 132.2 hm², with an increase of 4.7 times. The results also show that the restoration of the marine ecology in Xiamen has achieved remarkable results. (c) The marine ecosystem condition comprehensive index in Xiamen increased by 3.13% from 0.32 to 0.33. This shows that the marine ecosystem conditions in Xiamen remain well and have even slightly improved under the pressure of a rapidly developing economy and increasing population. This study provides practical technical methods for assessing offshore marine ecosystem in physical term to support integrated coastal management in coastal cities, and is important for assessing marine ecosystem services in the future.

评估海洋生态系统资产的时空变化对于自然资源的资本化管理及其对人类福祉的贡献至关重要。然而，在国民账户体系中使用不同的纳入方法量化这些变化是一项挑战。近年来，生态系统核算已成为一个热门话题，尤其是在 2021 年发布《环境和经济核算体系--生态系统核算》之后。然而，有关近海海洋生态系统核算（包括海洋生态系统资产和服务）的实际研究却很少。本研究提供了一个系统框架，从物理角度对近海海洋生态系统资产（范围和状况）进行优先评估，包括物理账户的确定指标和核算结果的呈现方式。然后，我们利用该框架评估了 2006 至 2020 年厦门海域的海洋生态系统资产。结果显示(a) 厦门海洋生态系统面积从 349.64 平方公里减少到 320.49 平方公里，减少了 8.34%，主要原因是城市和工业用海需求将潮间带生态系统转化为陆地。(b) 潮间带植被生境（红树林和盐沼）面积从 23.22 hm2 增加到 132.2 hm2，增加了 4.7 倍。结果也表明，厦门海洋生态修复取得了显著成效。(c) 厦门市海洋生态环境状况综合指数从 0.32 上升到 0.33，上升了 3.13%。这表明，在经济快速发展、人口不断增加的压力下，厦门海洋生态环境状况依然良好，甚至略有改善。该研究为近海海洋生态系统的物理评估提供了实用的技术方法，为沿海城市的海岸综合管理提供了支持，对未来海洋生态系统服务评估具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

A game-based decision-making method for multi-ship collaborative collision avoidance reflecting risk attitudes in open waters 基于游戏的多船协同避碰决策方法，反映开放水域的风险态度

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY

Ocean & Coastal Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107450

To accurately reflect risk attitudes towards ship intentions in multi-ship encounters, this paper develops a novel two-stage collaborative collision avoidance decision-making (CADM) model by incorporating intention prediction and real-time decision-making. We acquire prior knowledge of risk attitudes by analyzing Automatic Identification System (AIS) data and further estimate the probability distributions of encountering ship's risk attitude using Bayesian reasoning. By treating collision avoidance procedure as a static game with incomplete information, a predictive model for collision avoidance intentions is developed by taking account into risk attitude probabilities. Real-time decisions are then implemented according to different stages, and a collaborative CADM model is established by a game-decision cycle. Finally, a multi-ship encounter scenario is simulated under all combinations of risk attitudes, and the results are compared with those obtained under complete information. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can formulate avoidance actions that meet safety requirements under all combinations of risk attitudes. Further comparison with complete information proves the effectiveness of the risk attitude probability model, which is conducive to improving the decision-making flexibility and reducing complexity. The research findings enhance the collaborative decision-making, contributing to the development of autonomous navigation in open waters.

为了准确反映多船相遇时对船舶意图的风险态度，本文开发了一种新颖的两阶段协同避碰决策（CADM）模型，将意图预测和实时决策结合在一起。我们通过分析自动识别系统（AIS）数据获取风险态度的先验知识，并利用贝叶斯推理进一步估计相遇船舶风险态度的概率分布。通过将避碰程序视为具有不完全信息的静态博弈，并考虑到风险态度概率，建立了避碰意图预测模型。然后根据不同阶段实施实时决策，并通过博弈-决策循环建立协同 CADM 模型。最后，模拟了所有风险态度组合下的多船相遇情景，并将结果与完整信息下的结果进行了比较。结果表明，所提出的模型能够在所有风险态度组合下制定符合安全要求的避让行动。与完整信息的进一步比较证明了风险态度概率模型的有效性，有利于提高决策灵活性和降低复杂性。研究成果增强了协同决策能力，有助于开放水域自主导航的发展。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of failure on energy efficiency in maritime vessels autopilot systems 船舶自动驾驶系统故障对能源效率的影响

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY

Ocean & Coastal Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107451

The increasing demands for energy efficiency and environmental sustainability in the maritime industry have underscored the critical importance of optimizing autopilot systems, which, despite their significance, are often overlooked in ship energy efficiency management. The objective of this study is to enhance the energy efficiency of ships by focusing on the efficiency of autopilot systems, which play a significant role in the management of energy efficiency. The research emphasizes the need for effective decision support systems for ship operators, not only for optimizing ship speeds but also for making informed operational decisions. By utilizing Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis (FFTA), the study identifies and prioritizes the causes of efficiency losses in autopilot systems and examines their frequency. Based on expert opinions, the research delves into the complexity of autopilot systems and the interactions among various components. Notably, the study highlights the impact of multiple factors on the efficiency of complex autopilot systems, elucidating their relationships through Minimum Cut Sets (MCS) analysis. Furthermore, attention was drawn to the “Improper Alarm Input” event caused by insufficient knowledge and awareness among ship operators, which hinders the effective use of autopilot systems. The findings demonstrate that decision support systems can increase energy efficiency and contribute to the reduction of operational errors by reducing the human factor, which is 99% effective on the “Inefficient Heading Control System”. Additionally, proper utilization of autopilot systems can lead to a decrease in a ship's carbon footprint and operating costs. Overall, the results can affect strategic decisions in ship energy efficiency management and encourage significant steps toward achieving International Maritime Organization's (IMO) sustainability objectives.

海运业对能源效率和环境可持续性的要求日益提高，这凸显了优化自动驾驶系统的极端重要性，尽管自动驾驶系统非常重要，但在船舶能源效率管理中却经常被忽视。本研究的目的是通过关注在能效管理中发挥重要作用的自动驾驶系统的效率来提高船舶能效。研究强调，船舶运营商需要有效的决策支持系统，这不仅是为了优化船速，也是为了做出明智的运营决策。通过利用模糊故障树分析法（FFTA），该研究确定了自动驾驶系统效率损失的原因和优先顺序，并检查了其发生频率。根据专家意见，研究深入探讨了自动驾驶系统的复杂性和各组件之间的相互作用。值得注意的是，研究强调了多种因素对复杂自动驾驶系统效率的影响，并通过最小割集（MCS）分析阐明了这些因素之间的关系。此外，研究还关注了由于船舶操作员知识和意识不足而导致的 "不当警报输入 "事件，这阻碍了自动驾驶系统的有效使用。研究结果表明，决策支持系统可以提高能效，并通过减少人为因素来减少操作失误，对 "低效航向控制系统 "的有效率为 99%。此外，正确使用自动驾驶系统可以减少船舶的碳足迹和运营成本。总之，研究结果可以影响船舶能效管理的战略决策，并鼓励朝着实现国际海事组织（IMO）的可持续发展目标迈出重要一步。

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引用次数: 0

Identifying community practices in marine benthic data usage in Florida 确定佛罗里达州使用海洋底栖生物数据的社区做法

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY

Ocean & Coastal Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107429

A significant proportion of Florida's population lives on the coast and is directly impacted by alterations to the coastal zone, weather disasters (e.g., hurricanes, erosion, flooding), or changes to ecosystem services. Data collected in Florida waters (including water quality, habitat health, bathymetry, and fisheries data) are important for the maintenance of coastal waters, communities, and ecosystems. Yet benthic data collected by a variety of stakeholders are often not shared or openly available, with little metadata to ease data reuse, and are often stored in incompatible formats. To assess the needs of government agencies, private companies, academic researchers, and data managers, we conducted a survey and organized an expert focus group to determine the current state of coastal and marine data usage and distribution in Florida. Through the survey, we asked participants to describe the types of data they use or collect, how they use that data, what limitations they encounter with data sharing, how and when they share their data, and what sorts of metadata standards they use in their work. We determined that many data producers and users are unaware of data standards and often do not follow best management practices for data collection and sharing. The sector of activity of the individual respondent (government, academic, non-profit) determined how data users were interacting with or collecting data and what standards they followed when sharing data. Our expert panel largely echoed our findings, with consistent, well-documented, and standardized datasets being the most important components for data integration in projects. To advance accessibility and reusability of benthic data, our project highlights the need for additional training of stakeholders on data standardization, collaboration and integration, which needs to be applied across institutions. A major need that was identified is tools that make data sharing and metadata creation easier and more efficient.

佛罗里达有相当一部分人口生活在沿海地区，他们直接受到沿海地区变化、气象灾害（如飓风、侵蚀、洪水）或生态系统服务变化的影响。在佛罗里达水域收集的数据（包括水质、生境健康、水深测量和渔业数据）对维护沿岸水域、社区和生态系统非常重要。然而，各种利益相关者收集的底栖生物数据往往不能共享或公开，几乎没有元数据来方便数据的再利用，而且通常以不兼容的格式存储。为了评估政府机构、私营公司、学术研究人员和数据管理人员的需求，我们开展了一项调查，并组织了一个专家小组，以确定佛罗里达州沿海和海洋数据的使用和分布现状。通过调查，我们要求参与者描述他们使用或收集的数据类型、他们如何使用这些数据、他们在数据共享方面遇到的限制、他们共享数据的方式和时间，以及他们在工作中使用的元数据标准类型。我们发现，许多数据生产者和使用者并不了解数据标准，而且往往不遵循数据收集和共享的最佳管理实践。受访者的活动部门（政府、学术界、非营利组织）决定了数据用户如何与数据互动或收集数据，以及他们在共享数据时遵循哪些标准。我们的专家小组在很大程度上赞同我们的结论，即一致、有据可查和标准化的数据集是项目数据整合的最重要组成部分。为了提高底栖生物数据的可访问性和可重用性，我们的项目强调需要对利益相关者进行更多有关数据标准化、协作和整合的培训，这些培训需要在各机构间进行。已确定的一个主要需求是使数据共享和元数据创建更容易、更高效的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Study of tropical cyclone wave characteristics based on a hybrid track clustering method 基于混合轨迹聚类法的热带气旋波浪特征研究

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY

Ocean & Coastal Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107448

Understanding the activity and wave characteristics of different TC track types with different formation mechanisms is crucial for coastal and ocean engineering. In this study, a hybrid clustering method based on track indicators representing track shape and influence region is proposed to classify 721 TC tracks along the coast of China into three track types. Due to the intrinsic similarity of track indicators diagnosed by the self-organizing map method, the initial clustering centroid selection of K-means method is reasonable. 5000 clustering trials show that the clustering results are more robust than those of the traditional K-means method, and the average difference percentage decreases from 11.3% to 5.5%. By analyzing the robust clustering results, the activity characteristics of three TC types under the background of atmospheric circulation patterns and the characteristics of the waves generated by the three TC types are studied, especially the characteristics of extreme waves. The joint distribution pattern of extreme wave height and wave direction indicates the direction sector shift and frequency change caused by different TC types. These results provide important insights for risk analysis and resilience construction of coastal and ocean engineering structures.

了解具有不同形成机制的不同 TC 轨道类型的活动和波浪特征对海岸和海洋工程至关重要。本研究提出了一种基于代表轨迹形状和影响区域的轨迹指标的混合聚类方法，将中国沿海的 721 条热带气旋轨迹划分为三种轨迹类型。由于自组织图法诊断出的航迹指标具有内在相似性，因此 K-means 法的初始聚类中心点选择是合理的。5000 次聚类试验表明，聚类结果比传统的 K-means 方法更稳健，平均差异百分比从 11.3%下降到 5.5%。通过分析鲁棒聚类结果，研究了大气环流模式背景下三种热带气旋的活动特征以及三种热带气旋产生的波浪特征，尤其是极端波浪的特征。极端波高和波向的联合分布模式表明了不同 TC 类型引起的方向扇形移动和频率变化。这些结果为海岸和海洋工程结构的风险分析和抗灾建设提供了重要启示。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the water metabolism of coastal urban areas based on the water mass balance framework across time periods: A case study of Cape Town, South Africa 根据水量平衡框架评估沿海城市地区不同时期的水新陈代谢：南非开普敦案例研究

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY

Ocean & Coastal Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107434

The status of water resources in many coastal cities has become increasingly fragile. In a changing climate, the amount and intensity of rainfall have continued to decline, causing some coastal regions to experience severe drought and deteriorated water supply situation. This article presents a comprehensive study of the urban water metabolism of Cape Town, South Africa. A water mass balance framework was utilized to examine the city's water system across four distinct periods. In addition, the water-energy nexus before and after the drought crisis was evaluated. The key findings include a large amount of surface runoff in the Cape Town area that was not utilized before the drought crisis, resulting in a natural loss potential of water supply that is 2.54 times greater than water used for supply systems. During the drought, per capita water consumption dropped by a substantial 25%; at the same time, the total rate of water loss experienced a substantial decrease of approximately 21%. Since the pandemic, Cape Town's water resources policy has shifted to diversifying water sources, and the use of wastewater and natural water losses will be optimized by more than 32% in 2040 to achieve a water-sensitive city. Future research should explore the temporal and spatial dynamics of urban water flows, the impact of socioeconomic factors, and the integration of water system optimization models for enhanced urban water management.

许多沿海城市的水资源状况日益脆弱。在气候不断变化的情况下，降雨量和降雨强度持续下降，导致一些沿海地区遭遇严重干旱，供水状况恶化。本文对南非开普敦的城市水新陈代谢进行了全面研究。文章利用水质量平衡框架对该市四个不同时期的水系统进行了研究。此外，还对干旱危机前后的水能关系进行了评估。主要研究结果包括：干旱危机前，开普敦地区有大量地表径流未被利用，导致供水的自然损失潜力是供水系统用水量的 2.54 倍。干旱期间，人均用水量大幅下降了 25%；与此同时，水的总损失率也大幅下降了约 21%。自旱灾以来，开普敦的水资源政策已转向水源多样化，到 2040 年，废水和自然水损失的利用率将优化 32% 以上，以实现一个对水敏感的城市。未来的研究应探索城市水流的时空动态、社会经济因素的影响以及水系统优化模型的整合，以加强城市水资源管理。

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引用次数: 0

Estimating the economic vulnerability of 2020–2099 storm flooding with sea level rise on Coastal Virginia 估算弗吉尼亚州沿海地区 2020-2099 年风暴洪水与海平面上升的经济脆弱性

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY

Ocean & Coastal Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107438

Estimating the economic impact of flooding is an essential element of flood risk management. Policy interventions to mitigate the impact of flooding must be balanced against the financial and economic costs of flooding. Using projections of sea level rise for 2040, 2060, and 2080 and estimates of flooding damage that are equaled or exceeded 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year period, we investigate the financial costs of flooding across eight planning districts in Coastal Virginia. We briefly discuss the methodology to estimate the average annualized loss (AAL) given discrete events and likelihoods and how these AALs flow into the estimation of the net present value of flooding in Coastal Virginia. The Hampton Roads metropolitan area accounts for approximately 80.7% of estimated nominal losses currently, rising to 88.1% by 2080 due to sea level rise. This vulnerability is linked to poorly planned development, population growth, ground subsidence, and economic inequities. The present value of unmitigated flooding ranges from $20.0 billion to $58.7 billion in 2021 dollars, depending on the discount rate. Discounted economic impacts for unmitigated sea level rise could reach $82.9 billion for Coastal Virginia this century. The concentration of costs in Hampton Roads, which produces 20% of Virginia's GDP, underscores the need for targeted economic and security policies.

估算洪水的经济影响是洪水风险管理的一个基本要素。减轻洪水影响的政策干预措施必须与洪水的财政和经济成本相平衡。利用对 2040 年、2060 年和 2080 年海平面上升的预测，以及等于或超过 10 年、50 年、100 年和 500 年的洪水损失估计，我们调查了弗吉尼亚州沿海八个规划区的洪水经济成本。我们简要讨论了根据离散事件和可能性估算平均年化损失（AAL）的方法，以及这些平均年化损失如何用于估算弗吉尼亚州沿海地区洪水的净现值。汉普顿路大都市区目前约占估计名义损失的 80.7%，到 2080 年，由于海平面上升，这一比例将上升到 88.1%。这种脆弱性与规划不当的发展、人口增长、地面沉降和经济不平等有关。以 2021 年的美元计算，未缓解洪灾的现值从 200 亿美元到 587 亿美元不等，具体取决于贴现率。本世纪弗吉尼亚州沿海地区因海平面上升而造成的经济影响折现可达 829 亿美元。弗吉尼亚州 20% 的 GDP 来自汉普顿路，其成本集中在此，这凸显了制定有针对性的经济和安全政策的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Rethinking user rights of profitable marine invasions: Lessons from the Norwegian Barents Snow Crab fishery 重新思考有利可图的海洋入侵的使用者权利：挪威巴伦支海雪蟹渔业的经验教训

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY

Ocean & Coastal Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107430

Profitable marine invasions can occur when a newly arrived invasive species not only negatively changes ecosystem characteristics but is also exploited as a valuable market commodity. Such species pit existing ecosystem production values against potential value paths as their presence instigates management decisions that may vary from favoring a conservative, status quo approach on one end to a more risk-loving, adaptive approach on the other. Despite commitments to environmental treaties for limiting spread, local interests may purposefully support growth of invasions for their benefit. Potential value paths will depend not only on the ecological changes in the natural capital supporting the profitable resource extraction but also the user rights developed to address the changing asset structure and productivity. Current economic thinking suggests that the stronger the user rights in addressing questions of exclusivity, security and duration, the higher the gains to the present value of expected benefits from the rights. We discuss how both scale and uncertainties regarding irreversible ecological value and productivity shifts may require refinement of this theory. We explore the Barents Sea Snow Crab (Chionoecetes opilio) fishery, with particular attention to the Norwegian approach to its management. The uncertain ecological impacts of this invasive species have led to international disputes and significant management challenges. Norway has implemented exclusionary policies by designating the crab as sedentary to limit foreign access, sparking conflicts over the Svalbard Treaty. These unilateral actions have led to fines, court cases, and diplomatic tensions. As the Snow Crab expands toward sensitive Arctic habitats, a broader governance approach is needed. We take a critical look at the exclusivity, security, and durability of property rights associated with the Norwegian Snow Crab fishery, assessing their inherent weaknesses and implications since the onset of the fishery in 2012. As there is a growing interest in developing profitable resource exploitation and fisheries for new, often invading species, the Norwegian Snow Crab fishery provides valuable lessons and guidance for governance and management of such resources, aiming to mitigate risks and foster economically viable and environmentally responsible practices.

当新来的入侵物种不仅对生态系统特征造成负面影响，而且还被当作有价值的市场商品加以利用时，就会出现有利可图的海洋入侵。这些物种将现有的生态系统生产价值与潜在的价值路径对立起来，因为它们的存在会促使管理决策从倾向于保守的、维持现状的方法到更喜欢风险的、适应性更强的方法不等。尽管环境条约承诺限制入侵的扩散，但当地利益集团可能为了自身利益而故意支持入侵的增长。潜在的价值路径不仅取决于支持资源开采盈利的自然资本的生态变化，还取决于为应对不断变化的资产结构和生产力而开发的用户权利。当前的经济思想表明，在解决排他性、安全性和持续时间等问题时，使用者权利越强，权利预期收益的现值收益就越高。我们讨论了生态价值和生产力不可逆转转变的规模和不确定性如何要求完善这一理论。我们探讨了巴伦支海雪蟹（Chionoecetes opilio）渔业，特别关注挪威的管理方法。这种入侵物种不确定的生态影响导致了国际争端和重大的管理挑战。挪威实施排他性政策，将这种蟹定为定居型，以限制外国渔民进入，从而引发了与《斯瓦尔巴条约》的冲突。这些单边行动导致了罚款、法庭诉讼和外交紧张局势。随着雪蟹向敏感的北极栖息地扩展，需要一种更广泛的治理方法。我们对挪威雪蟹渔业相关产权的排他性、安全性和持久性进行了批判性审视，评估了自2012年开始捕捞以来其固有的弱点和影响。随着人们对开发有利可图的资源和捕捞新物种（通常是入侵物种）的兴趣与日俱增，挪威雪蟹渔业为此类资源的治理和管理提供了宝贵的经验和指导，旨在降低风险，促进经济上可行、环境上负责任的做法。

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引用次数: 0

Valuation of landscape intangibles: Influence on the marina management 景观无形资产估值：对码头管理的影响

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY

Ocean & Coastal Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107416

The landscape values reflect the user’s preferences related to the landscape. It represents a genuine key in marina managing processes. However, there is no economic value of how much these intangibles represent within the marina management. This study estimated the monetary value associated with landscape intangibles in marinas by combining the hedonic pricing method (HPM) and the valuation of Marina del Este in the coastal locality of La Herradura in Almuñécar, Granada, Spain. The real estate data price of houses sold during 2023, from real estate data, was used as the dependent variable, and house structural, location, and neighborhood served as independent variables. Results showed that coastal residents considered proximity to the beach and expanded sea views two of the most important factors when buying a house. Other amenities related to landscape intangibles were quietness and exclusivity. Comparing the market with intrinsic value at nearby properties, the marina value can be estimated through a direct comparison approach and, hence, obtaining an estimation of the landscape intangibles' contribution to the marina’s valuation. They can represent a value of €2,386,736.87, representing 7.91% of the marina’s value. Findings can help marina management quantify the value loss of the marina if they are not considered. They also allow landscape policymakers to determine the economic impact of landscape policies. Maintaining the landscape and its values in the marina is an effective way to preserve an attractive environment for users and visitors, and it can be an effective way to make the marina a lively destination that not only offers environmental benefits but also creates economic opportunities.

景观价值反映了用户对景观的偏好。它是码头管理过程中的真正关键。然而，这些无形资产在游艇码头管理中所占的比例并没有经济价值。本研究结合享乐主义定价法（HPM）和西班牙格拉纳达 Almuñécar La Herradura 沿海地区 Marina del Este 的估值，估算了与游艇码头景观无形资产相关的货币价值。以 2023 年期间售出房屋的房地产数据价格为因变量，房屋结构、位置和邻里关系为自变量。结果显示，沿海居民认为，靠近海滩和扩大海景视野是购买房屋时最重要的两个因素。其他与景观无形资产相关的设施包括安静和独特性。通过直接比较附近房产的市场价值和内在价值，可以估算出码头的价值，从而估算出景观无形资产对码头估值的贡献。这些无形资产的价值为 2,386,736.87 欧元，占码头价值的 7.91%。如果不考虑这些无形资产，研究结果可以帮助码头管理部门量化码头的价值损失。这些结果还能让景观政策制定者确定景观政策的经济影响。保持码头的景观及其价值是为用户和游客保留一个有吸引力的环境的有效方法，也是使码头成为一个生机勃勃的目的地的有效方法，不仅能提供环境效益，还能创造经济机会。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of touristic whale-watching on Delphinus Delphis and Tursiops truncatus in the Algarve Coast: Combining acoustic analysis and land observations 旅游观光对阿尔加维海岸德尔菲努斯-德尔菲斯（Delphinus Delphis）和Tursiops truncatus的影响：声学分析与陆地观测相结合

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY

Ocean & Coastal Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107431

Touristic whale watching (WW) is an important socioeconomic activity worldwide. Recently, short and long-term impacts caused by WW have been reported for several cetacean species, including Delphinus delphis and Tursiops truncatus, the two most observed species in Portugal. Most of the operations in mainland Portugal are concentrated on the South Coast (Algarve). However, despite their importance for the region, studies focused on the impact of this activity on the animals are still scarce. We used acoustic behaviour analysis and land-based observations to determine the alterations in the vocalization patterns of these animals caused by WW vessels and the length of exposure to this stressor. We found WW presence significantly altered five out of six acoustic parameters of whistles, whistle rate, and whistle type distribution for D. delphis, whereas T. truncatus exhibited significant changes in three acoustic parameters. Conversely, T. truncatus significantly reduced echolocation click rates, while D. delphis did not show significant changes. We also found that the Central region of this coast is the most affected, with animals exposed to WW vessels for up to 38.9% of daylight hours. Furthermore, 66.7% of the observation time in this area had several vessels that exceeded the limit established by law. These results suggest that our study species are impacted by WW, while D. delphis is more affected during social behaviours, and T. truncatus is more affected during foraging activities. Both behaviours are biologically significant, and their disturbance might, in the long term, lead to adverse effects at the population level by decreasing reproductive success and fitness. A gap in knowledge, inadequate legislation and compliance issues threaten the development of a sustainable WW industry in the Algarve and might endanger local populations, therefore immediate attention is needed.

旅游观鲸（WW）是全球一项重要的社会经济活动。最近有报告称，WW 对几种鲸目动物造成了短期和长期影响，包括在葡萄牙观察到最多的两种鲸目动物 Delphinus delphis 和 Tursiops truncatus。葡萄牙大陆的大部分作业集中在南海岸（阿尔加维）。然而，尽管这些活动对该地区非常重要，但有关其对动物影响的研究仍然很少。我们利用声学行为分析和陆地观察来确定 WW 船对这些动物的发声模式造成的改变以及暴露在这种压力下的时间长短。我们发现，WW的存在明显改变了D. delphis的哨音、哨音频率和哨音类型分布等六项声学参数中的五项，而T. truncatus的三项声学参数发生了明显变化。相反，T. truncatus明显降低了回声定位点击率，而D. delphis则没有明显变化。我们还发现，该海岸的中部地区受到的影响最大，在38.9%的白天时间里，动物暴露在WW船只的影响下。此外，在这一地区，66.7%的观察时间内有多艘船只超过了法律规定的限制。这些结果表明，我们研究的物种都受到了 WW 的影响，其中三角鲂在社交行为中受到的影响更大，而T. truncatus在觅食活动中受到的影响更大。这两种行为都具有重要的生物学意义，从长远来看，它们受到的干扰可能会降低繁殖成功率和健康水平，从而对种群产生不利影响。知识空白、立法不足和合规问题威胁着阿尔加维可持续 WW 产业的发展，并可能危及当地种群，因此需要立即予以关注。

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