Pub Date : 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108062
Chunyan Zhu , Weiming Xie , Leicheng Guo , Dirk Sebastiaan van Maren , Wenting Wu , Fan Xu , Yuan Xu , Naiyu Zhang , Zheng Bing Wang , Qing He
Tidal flats provide essential ecosystem services but are increasingly threatened by reduced sediment supply and human activities, requiring close monitoring and understandings in estuaries. We focus on the four tidal flats with a total area of 1800 km2 in the Yangtze Estuary and systematically evaluate their morphodynamic evolution based on consistent bathymetry data over 60 years (1958–2022). While fluvial sediment supply has declined since the mid-1980s, all four tidal flats in the estuary sustained accretion until 2010, demonstrating a lag of 20–30 years in estuarine morphological response to sediment decline. However, note that accretion primarily occurs on higher parts of the shoals, whereas erosion dominates in the subtidal zones. This is mainly attributed to the combined impact of saltmarsh expansions, reclamation, and channel scour and dredging. It suggests that part of the eroded sediment from channels deposits on adjacent shoals, leading to a regional sediment budget balance, particularly in the central channel-shoal complex with the navigation channel. Moreover, the initiative of removing Spartina from the shoals, a fast-spreading invasive species that benefits shoal accretion but not native species, might disrupt the ongoing accretion of high shoals and induce overwhelming erosion and sediment loss. One management strategy to counteract these impacts and restore tidal flats is to make beneficial use of the dredged and trapped sediment from the North Passage, an annual amount of approximately 50 million m3, to the adjacent shoals, though how to sustainably manage the sediments remains another concern.
{"title":"The fate of tidal flats under reduced sediment supply and human activities in the bifurcated Yangtze Estuary","authors":"Chunyan Zhu , Weiming Xie , Leicheng Guo , Dirk Sebastiaan van Maren , Wenting Wu , Fan Xu , Yuan Xu , Naiyu Zhang , Zheng Bing Wang , Qing He","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tidal flats provide essential ecosystem services but are increasingly threatened by reduced sediment supply and human activities, requiring close monitoring and understandings in estuaries. We focus on the four tidal flats with a total area of 1800 km<sup>2</sup> in the Yangtze Estuary and systematically evaluate their morphodynamic evolution based on consistent bathymetry data over 60 years (1958–2022). While fluvial sediment supply has declined since the mid-1980s, all four tidal flats in the estuary sustained accretion until 2010, demonstrating a lag of 20–30 years in estuarine morphological response to sediment decline. However, note that accretion primarily occurs on higher parts of the shoals, whereas erosion dominates in the subtidal zones. This is mainly attributed to the combined impact of saltmarsh expansions, reclamation, and channel scour and dredging. It suggests that part of the eroded sediment from channels deposits on adjacent shoals, leading to a regional sediment budget balance, particularly in the central channel-shoal complex with the navigation channel. Moreover, the initiative of removing <em>Spartina</em> from the shoals, a fast-spreading invasive species that benefits shoal accretion but not native species, might disrupt the ongoing accretion of high shoals and induce overwhelming erosion and sediment loss. One management strategy to counteract these impacts and restore tidal flats is to make beneficial use of the dredged and trapped sediment from the North Passage, an annual amount of approximately 50 million m<sup>3</sup>, to the adjacent shoals, though how to sustainably manage the sediments remains another concern.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108062"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108051
Vitória Bonfim Iurk , Gabriel Fraga da Fonseca , Matt K. Broadhurst , Mauricio Cantor , Camila Domit
Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are an ecologically important marine species facing increasing anthropogenic pressures that threaten populations worldwide. In the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, particularly off southern Brazil, interactions with fisheries are thought to cause high mortalities, yet the spatio-temporal dynamics of these impacts remain poorly understood. We analysed eight years (2016–2023) of data from systematic beach monitoring across ∼1400 km of coastline (from Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina) to assess patterns of green turtle strandings in relation to intrinsic (sex and life stage) and extrinsic factors (fisheries and other human activities). A total of 42,333 green turtles were recorded; the majority being juvenile females (mean curved carapace length 39.3 ± 7.3 cm) and all with a mortality rate of 90 %. Stranding rates peaked in the state of Paraná, particularly between June and December, and most carcasses (70 %) were in advanced decomposition. Evidence of anthropogenic interactions was widespread, and included fishing (37 % of assessable cases), marine-debris ingestion (36 %) and entanglement (41 %), boat collisions (10 %), and dredging (<1 %). Patterns varied seasonally and regionally, with greater log odds of fishing interactions during summer–autumn and marine-debris ingestion and entanglement during winter. The data indicate that green turtle stranding dynamics possibly reflect both migratory behaviour and seasonal fishing effort, highlighting a potential ecological trap in productive coastal areas. High and unsustainable juvenile mortality across multiple stocks underscores the need to include this developmental stage in subpopulation conservation assessments. Our results suggest an urgent need for improved fisheries management, systematic monitoring, and integrated conservation strategies to secure the long-term persistence of green turtles in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.
{"title":"Spatio-temporal distributions of stranded green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and interactions with fisheries in southern Brazil","authors":"Vitória Bonfim Iurk , Gabriel Fraga da Fonseca , Matt K. Broadhurst , Mauricio Cantor , Camila Domit","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green turtles (<em>Chelonia mydas</em>) are an ecologically important marine species facing increasing anthropogenic pressures that threaten populations worldwide. In the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, particularly off southern Brazil, interactions with fisheries are thought to cause high mortalities, yet the spatio-temporal dynamics of these impacts remain poorly understood. We analysed eight years (2016–2023) of data from systematic beach monitoring across ∼1400 km of coastline (from Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina) to assess patterns of green turtle strandings in relation to intrinsic (sex and life stage) and extrinsic factors (fisheries and other human activities). A total of 42,333 green turtles were recorded; the majority being juvenile females (mean curved carapace length 39.3 ± 7.3 cm) and all with a mortality rate of 90 %. Stranding rates peaked in the state of Paraná, particularly between June and December, and most carcasses (70 %) were in advanced decomposition. Evidence of anthropogenic interactions was widespread, and included fishing (37 % of assessable cases), marine-debris ingestion (36 %) and entanglement (41 %), boat collisions (10 %), and dredging (<1 %). Patterns varied seasonally and regionally, with greater log odds of fishing interactions during summer–autumn and marine-debris ingestion and entanglement during winter. The data indicate that green turtle stranding dynamics possibly reflect both migratory behaviour and seasonal fishing effort, highlighting a potential ecological trap in productive coastal areas. High and unsustainable juvenile mortality across multiple stocks underscores the need to include this developmental stage in subpopulation conservation assessments. Our results suggest an urgent need for improved fisheries management, systematic monitoring, and integrated conservation strategies to secure the long-term persistence of green turtles in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108051"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is widely regarded as a key generalizing indicator of shipping market conditions, supporting the analysis of historical market developments, the identification of current trends, and the forecasting of future market trajectories. Despite the index's widely acknowledged utility, it has historically paid limited attention to regional specificity. Consequently, the precise nature of its interconnections with fast-evolving regional freight markets remains insufficiently explained. Addressing this limitation, this study introduces a novel approach that integrates ensemble learning techniques with a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) to examine the complex relationships between regional and international freight rate indices, alongside macroeconomic and industry-specific variables. Using 14 variables from the Black Sea and Mediterranean regions over 413 weekly observations (2016–2024), the analysis identifies a triadic interaction pattern among freight indices that significantly shapes global shipping dynamics. Results indicate that regional indices not only respond to international market conditions but also exert measurable influence on global freight benchmarks, challenging the traditional assumption of unidirectional causality. The proposed triadic interaction framework sets a new perspective for shipping markets and enables more accurate regional forecasting. Specifically, the findings demonstrate how regional markets can influence global freight movements through interconnected spillover mechanisms. Shipowners and charterers should integrate region-specific indices into their risk assessment frameworks to better tailor hedging and operational strategies for target regions, moving beyond sole reliance on the generalized BDI.
{"title":"Interconnected freight markets: An ensemble learning and GAM approach to regional and international dry bulk shipping rates","authors":"Cemile Solak-Fiskin , Erkan Cakir , Remzi Fiskin , Ersin Firat Akgul , Efendi Nasibov , Tuba Akkaya","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is widely regarded as a key generalizing indicator of shipping market conditions, supporting the analysis of historical market developments, the identification of current trends, and the forecasting of future market trajectories. Despite the index's widely acknowledged utility, it has historically paid limited attention to regional specificity. Consequently, the precise nature of its interconnections with fast-evolving regional freight markets remains insufficiently explained. Addressing this limitation, this study introduces a novel approach that integrates ensemble learning techniques with a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) to examine the complex relationships between regional and international freight rate indices, alongside macroeconomic and industry-specific variables. Using 14 variables from the Black Sea and Mediterranean regions over 413 weekly observations (2016–2024), the analysis identifies a triadic interaction pattern among freight indices that significantly shapes global shipping dynamics. Results indicate that regional indices not only respond to international market conditions but also exert measurable influence on global freight benchmarks, challenging the traditional assumption of unidirectional causality. The proposed triadic interaction framework sets a new perspective for shipping markets and enables more accurate regional forecasting. Specifically, the findings demonstrate how regional markets can influence global freight movements through interconnected spillover mechanisms. Shipowners and charterers should integrate region-specific indices into their risk assessment frameworks to better tailor hedging and operational strategies for target regions, moving beyond sole reliance on the generalized BDI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108070"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108064
Nelson Rangel-Buitrago , Tommaso Giarrizzo , Lucio Brabo , Francisco Jailton Silva Filho , J.A.G. Cooper , William J. Neal
Beaches are multifunctional socio-ecological systems that sustain ecosystem services, cultural identity, and major economic activities. The classical Five-Fold beach typology (Remote, Rural, Village, Urban, Resort) remains widely used but insufficient for the complexity of contemporary coastal environments. This paper proposes a refined, cluster-based typology that integrates ecological, socio-cultural, functional, and governance dimensions alongside traditional settlement criteria. Four functional clusters are defined: Tourism-Oriented (Resort, Urban High/Medium/Low Density, Artificial); Settlement-Oriented (Village, Rural, Remote, Fishing/Community); Conservation-Oriented (Protected–Open, Protected–Restricted); and Special-Use/Restricted (Industrial, Restricted, Mixed/Transitional). Each category is described through measurable attributes including density, accessibility, governance regime, and dominant function. The framework corrects major limitations of the Five-Fold model by differentiating urban beaches, acknowledging artificial and industrial systems, incorporating conservation governance, and recognizing hybrid and restricted-use contexts. Comparative analysis demonstrates its applicability across diverse cultural and environmental settings, from megacity coasts to remote community beaches. Beyond conceptual innovation, typology provides an operational tool for Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Marine Spatial Planning, tourism regulation, and biodiversity conservation. It supports evidence-based monitoring and the development of policy indicators aligned with Sustainable Development Goals 11–15. The cluster-based typology advances coastal geography by translating multidisciplinary knowledge into a flexible, globally adaptable framework for contemporary beach management.
{"title":"Updating coastal beach classification: A cluster-based typology for contemporary human use and management","authors":"Nelson Rangel-Buitrago , Tommaso Giarrizzo , Lucio Brabo , Francisco Jailton Silva Filho , J.A.G. Cooper , William J. Neal","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beaches are multifunctional socio-ecological systems that sustain ecosystem services, cultural identity, and major economic activities. The classical Five-Fold beach typology (Remote, Rural, Village, Urban, Resort) remains widely used but insufficient for the complexity of contemporary coastal environments. This paper proposes a refined, cluster-based typology that integrates ecological, socio-cultural, functional, and governance dimensions alongside traditional settlement criteria. Four functional clusters are defined: Tourism-Oriented (Resort, Urban High/Medium/Low Density, Artificial); Settlement-Oriented (Village, Rural, Remote, Fishing/Community); Conservation-Oriented (Protected–Open, Protected–Restricted); and Special-Use/Restricted (Industrial, Restricted, Mixed/Transitional). Each category is described through measurable attributes including density, accessibility, governance regime, and dominant function. The framework corrects major limitations of the Five-Fold model by differentiating urban beaches, acknowledging artificial and industrial systems, incorporating conservation governance, and recognizing hybrid and restricted-use contexts. Comparative analysis demonstrates its applicability across diverse cultural and environmental settings, from megacity coasts to remote community beaches. Beyond conceptual innovation, typology provides an operational tool for Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Marine Spatial Planning, tourism regulation, and biodiversity conservation. It supports evidence-based monitoring and the development of policy indicators aligned with Sustainable Development Goals 11–15. The cluster-based typology advances coastal geography by translating multidisciplinary knowledge into a flexible, globally adaptable framework for contemporary beach management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108064"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108066
Olga Paraskevopoulou , Orfeas Karountzos , Christina Iliopoulou
The resilience of passenger ferry networks is crucial for maintaining reliable transportation in regions with dispersed islands and highly variable demand, such as the Aegean Sea. The Greek Coastal Shipping Network (GCSN) transports goods, supports tourism, and connects isolated islands to the mainland. Extreme weather events and climate change pose significant threats to the network's stability, potentially disrupting connectivity and affecting thousands of passengers. While existing research has primarily focused on port infrastructure or localized disruptions, this study introduces a passenger-oriented network resilience framework that integrates real-world passenger flows, historical meteorological data, and complex network metrics. Using centrality measures (degree and closeness), and the Largest Connected Component (LCC), the approach quantifies both the structural robustness of the network and the direct impact on passengers under extreme weather-induced disruptions. Density-based clustering is employed to identify groups of ports likely to be affected simultaneously, enabling realistic simulation of multi-node disruptions. The findings highlight the most vulnerable ports and routes, offering actionable insights for optimizing ferry schedules, and improving network redundancy. This study demonstrates a practical methodology for assessing and enhancing the resilience of island ferry networks with implications for both operational planning and long-term policy development.
{"title":"Passenger-centric resilience assessment of the Aegean ferry network under extreme weather events","authors":"Olga Paraskevopoulou , Orfeas Karountzos , Christina Iliopoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The resilience of passenger ferry networks is crucial for maintaining reliable transportation in regions with dispersed islands and highly variable demand, such as the Aegean Sea. The Greek Coastal Shipping Network (GCSN) transports goods, supports tourism, and connects isolated islands to the mainland. <em>Extreme weather</em> events and climate change pose significant threats to the network's stability, potentially disrupting connectivity and affecting thousands of passengers. While existing research has primarily focused on port infrastructure or localized disruptions, this study introduces a passenger-oriented network resilience framework that integrates real-world passenger flows, historical meteorological data, and complex network metrics. Using centrality measures (degree and closeness), and the Largest Connected Component (LCC), the approach quantifies both the structural robustness of the network and the direct impact on passengers under extreme weather-induced disruptions. Density-based clustering is employed to identify groups of ports likely to be affected simultaneously, enabling realistic simulation of multi-node disruptions. The findings highlight the most vulnerable ports and routes, offering actionable insights for optimizing ferry schedules, and improving network redundancy. This study demonstrates a practical methodology for assessing and enhancing the resilience of island ferry networks with implications for both operational planning and long-term policy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108066"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108061
Ibrahim Boubekri , Johanna Schumacher , Miriam von Thenen , Astrid Sánchez-Jiménez , Anna A. Lloveras , Rafael Sardá , Rachid Amara , Gerald Schernewski
The Ecosystem Service framework is essential for understanding the role of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in delivering conservation benefits and societal goods such as fisheries. A perception analysis was conducted to capture the views of 33 experts on MPA-associated ecosystem services. Moreover, using The MPA Guide, we applied a scenario-based approach to assess the potential impact of different degrees of protection (i.e., fully, highly, lightly, and minimally protected levels) on fisheries-related ecosystem services. An expert-based evaluation explored the influence of these protection levels on fisheries-related ecosystem services across two prospective timeframes, set at 3- and 7-years post-implementation. Findings indicate a broad consensus on the perceived importance of cultural services attributed to MPAs. Provisioning MPA-associated ecosystem services are moderate, and their relevance varies by experiential and disciplinary backgrounds of experts. Fully and highly protected levels were perceived as the most effective in enhancing fisheries-related ecosystem services, particularly through increased fish abundance, individual size, and biomass. While provisioning fisheries-related ecosystem services were clearly perceived as increasing over time, especially under higher protection levels, the trends for regulation/maintenance and cultural fisheries-related ecosystem services were more subtle. This study highlights the need for adaptive protection strategies that account for temporal scales, reinforcing the role of long-term monitoring frameworks that capture both socioeconomic and social-ecological outcomes. Moreover, by introducing a qualitative cost-effective expert judgment, this methodology can be implemented in data-poor contexts such as the Mediterranean region. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and MPA planners striving to implement the EU 2030 Biodiversity Strategy in the Mediterranean Sea in terms of design, zoning, and governance of strictly protected MPAs that are both ecologically effective and socially acceptable.
{"title":"Contribution of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) towards ecosystem services and fisheries: An experts’ perspective from Mediterranean MPAs","authors":"Ibrahim Boubekri , Johanna Schumacher , Miriam von Thenen , Astrid Sánchez-Jiménez , Anna A. Lloveras , Rafael Sardá , Rachid Amara , Gerald Schernewski","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ecosystem Service framework is essential for understanding the role of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in delivering conservation benefits and societal goods such as fisheries. A perception analysis was conducted to capture the views of 33 experts on MPA-associated ecosystem services. Moreover, using <em>The MPA Guide</em>, we applied a scenario-based approach to assess the potential impact of different degrees of protection (i.e., fully, highly, lightly, and minimally protected levels) on fisheries-related ecosystem services. An expert-based evaluation explored the influence of these protection levels on fisheries-related ecosystem services across two prospective timeframes, set at 3- and 7-years post-implementation. Findings indicate a broad consensus on the perceived importance of cultural services attributed to MPAs. Provisioning MPA-associated ecosystem services are moderate, and their relevance varies by experiential and disciplinary backgrounds of experts. Fully and highly protected levels were perceived as the most effective in enhancing fisheries-related ecosystem services, particularly through increased fish abundance, individual size, and biomass. While provisioning fisheries-related ecosystem services were clearly perceived as increasing over time, especially under higher protection levels, the trends for regulation/maintenance and cultural fisheries-related ecosystem services were more subtle. This study highlights the need for adaptive protection strategies that account for temporal scales, reinforcing the role of long-term monitoring frameworks that capture both socioeconomic and social-ecological outcomes. Moreover, by introducing a qualitative cost-effective expert judgment, this methodology can be implemented in data-poor contexts such as the Mediterranean region. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and MPA planners striving to implement the EU 2030 Biodiversity Strategy in the Mediterranean Sea in terms of design, zoning, and governance of strictly protected MPAs that are both ecologically effective and socially acceptable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108061"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108058
Eugenio Fossi , Federica Costantini , Marina Antonia Colangelo , Lucia Palazzi Rossi , Giuseppe Prioli , Barbara Mikac
Aquaculture is a major vector for the introduction and spread of Non-Native Species (NNS), with negative ecological and economic implications. Costs generated by biofouling, including that of NNS, in bivalve aquaculture, can represent even 20–30 % of production costs. We used Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) to assess farmers' awareness of NNS and pest species, as well as their observations of changes in fauna associated with cultivated Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas) in the Adriatic Sea, through questionaries. While most farmers claimed to understand the concept of NNS and reported their presence in farms, only a few could accurately identify a limited number of these species. Farmers observed increases in flatworms, ascidians, barnacles, hydrozoans and spionid polychaete Polydora, which they believe negatively affect mollusks and reduce their marketability. They also reported translocation practices involving seed and adult mollusks between Italy, Greece, France, and Spain, both within and beyond the Mediterranean basin. By combining farmer observations on the abundance of NNS and pests, with their reports of translocation practices, our results suggest that these activities facilitate the introduction and spread of NNS and pests. This highlights that LEK is a valuable tool for identifying challenges related to NNS management in aquaculture. We recommend implementing training programs to improve farmers’ capacity to recognize NNS and contribute to their early detection. Furthermore, cross-border collaboration and partnerships among scientists, policymakers, and farmers are crucial for managing the spread of NNS through aquaculture in the Mediterranean.
{"title":"Exploring farmers' knowledge to trace Non-Native Species in aquaculture","authors":"Eugenio Fossi , Federica Costantini , Marina Antonia Colangelo , Lucia Palazzi Rossi , Giuseppe Prioli , Barbara Mikac","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquaculture is a major vector for the introduction and spread of Non-Native Species (NNS), with negative ecological and economic implications. Costs generated by biofouling, including that of NNS, in bivalve aquaculture, can represent even 20–30 % of production costs. We used Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) to assess farmers' awareness of NNS and pest species, as well as their observations of changes in fauna associated with cultivated Mediterranean mussels (<em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em>) and Pacific oysters (<em>Magallana gigas</em>) in the Adriatic Sea, through questionaries. While most farmers claimed to understand the concept of NNS and reported their presence in farms, only a few could accurately identify a limited number of these species. Farmers observed increases in flatworms, ascidians, barnacles, hydrozoans and spionid polychaete <em>Polydora</em>, which they believe negatively affect mollusks and reduce their marketability. They also reported translocation practices involving seed and adult mollusks between Italy, Greece, France, and Spain, both within and beyond the Mediterranean basin. By combining farmer observations on the abundance of NNS and pests, with their reports of translocation practices, our results suggest that these activities facilitate the introduction and spread of NNS and pests. This highlights that LEK is a valuable tool for identifying challenges related to NNS management in aquaculture. We recommend implementing training programs to improve farmers’ capacity to recognize NNS and contribute to their early detection. Furthermore, cross-border collaboration and partnerships among scientists, policymakers, and farmers are crucial for managing the spread of NNS through aquaculture in the Mediterranean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108058"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108053
Yu Peng , Lianqiang Shi , Junli Guo , Mingli Zhao , Juan Liang , Qinghua Ye , Huangzhe Qi , Tianshui Cao
<div><div>Under the continuous disturbance of human activities, coastal ecosystems, especially biological coastal ecosystems, have been severely damaged. In response to this trend, many countries have implemented ecological restoration projects to restore ecological functions. However, scientific evaluation of restoration effectivReferenceeness still lags behind, and there is a lack of standardization in indicator selection and methodology, making it difficult to accurately assess restoration effectiveness and hindering the optimization of restoration strategies. To address this, the present study systematically reviews existing evaluation methods, analyzing their strengths and limitations to ensure that the proposed indicator system is representative, comprehensive, and can integrate multiple perspectives. Methodologically, the framework is developed based on the “Restoration Wheel” theory, encompassing six dimensions: physical conditions, species composition, structural diversity, ecosystem functions, threat factors, and external connectivity. The “Restoration Wheel” theory, guided by the “International Standards for Ecological Restoration” established by the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER), provides a scientific framework for the evaluation of ecological restoration, integrating the characteristics of coastal ecosystem environments. Subjective weights derived from the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) are combined with objective weights calculated through an improved CRITIC method, and integrated using game theory to obtain composite weights. Restoration effectiveness is then quantitatively assessed through a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation approach. The traditional CRITIC method is prone to bias in weight calculation when dealing with data of different dimensions and magnitudes, as the standard deviation is easily influenced by the raw data. To address this issue, this study introduces the coefficient of variation as a replacement for the standard deviation, eliminating the differences in dimension and magnitude, and ensuring fairness and stability in the weight calculation. Taking the biogenic coastal restoration project in Xiaohai, Wanning, Hainan Province, China, as a case study, the applicability of the indicator system is tested. Results show that: (1) physical conditions, species composition, and structural diversity carry decisive weightings of 0.2622, 0.3066, and 0.2793, respectively, in the evaluation process; (2) from winter 2022 to winter 2024, overall restoration effectiveness substantially improved, with best performance from profiles H2 and H5, while H1 showed a slight decline but remained at a “moderate” or higher level; and (3) significant differences in restoration effectiveness were observed among profiles, likely linked to variability in seawater salinity and benthic biomass. This study provides technical support for the scientific evaluation of biogenic coastal restoration and offers a reference paradigm for selecti
{"title":"Construction and application of an evaluation indicator system for biological coastal ecological restoration","authors":"Yu Peng , Lianqiang Shi , Junli Guo , Mingli Zhao , Juan Liang , Qinghua Ye , Huangzhe Qi , Tianshui Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the continuous disturbance of human activities, coastal ecosystems, especially biological coastal ecosystems, have been severely damaged. In response to this trend, many countries have implemented ecological restoration projects to restore ecological functions. However, scientific evaluation of restoration effectivReferenceeness still lags behind, and there is a lack of standardization in indicator selection and methodology, making it difficult to accurately assess restoration effectiveness and hindering the optimization of restoration strategies. To address this, the present study systematically reviews existing evaluation methods, analyzing their strengths and limitations to ensure that the proposed indicator system is representative, comprehensive, and can integrate multiple perspectives. Methodologically, the framework is developed based on the “Restoration Wheel” theory, encompassing six dimensions: physical conditions, species composition, structural diversity, ecosystem functions, threat factors, and external connectivity. The “Restoration Wheel” theory, guided by the “International Standards for Ecological Restoration” established by the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER), provides a scientific framework for the evaluation of ecological restoration, integrating the characteristics of coastal ecosystem environments. Subjective weights derived from the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) are combined with objective weights calculated through an improved CRITIC method, and integrated using game theory to obtain composite weights. Restoration effectiveness is then quantitatively assessed through a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation approach. The traditional CRITIC method is prone to bias in weight calculation when dealing with data of different dimensions and magnitudes, as the standard deviation is easily influenced by the raw data. To address this issue, this study introduces the coefficient of variation as a replacement for the standard deviation, eliminating the differences in dimension and magnitude, and ensuring fairness and stability in the weight calculation. Taking the biogenic coastal restoration project in Xiaohai, Wanning, Hainan Province, China, as a case study, the applicability of the indicator system is tested. Results show that: (1) physical conditions, species composition, and structural diversity carry decisive weightings of 0.2622, 0.3066, and 0.2793, respectively, in the evaluation process; (2) from winter 2022 to winter 2024, overall restoration effectiveness substantially improved, with best performance from profiles H2 and H5, while H1 showed a slight decline but remained at a “moderate” or higher level; and (3) significant differences in restoration effectiveness were observed among profiles, likely linked to variability in seawater salinity and benthic biomass. This study provides technical support for the scientific evaluation of biogenic coastal restoration and offers a reference paradigm for selecti","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108053"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108045
Sarah Borsetti , Daphne M. Munroe , John M. Klinck , Andrew M. Scheld , Eileen E. Hofmann , Eric N. Powell , David B. Rudders
The Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery on the Northeast U.S. continental shelf generates approximately USD 500 million ex-vessel revenues annually, making it one of the most valuable single species fisheries in the United States. Wind energy development is planned for key areas on the U.S. Mid-Atlantic shelf where the Atlantic sea scallop fishery operates, creating novel challenges in managing trade-offs between traditional users like fisheries and new users like offshore wind energy. An agent-based modeling framework that integrates spatial dynamics in Atlantic sea scallop stock biology, fishing fleet behavior, and federal management decisions, was implemented to investigate how offshore wind energy infrastructure may directly affect the Atlantic sea scallop fishery. The effect of current and planned wind energy lease areas on Atlantic sea scallop was evaluated with simulations that restricted Atlantic sea scallop fishing in lease areas, transiting lease areas by the fishing fleet, or both. The relative effects of these restrictions were measured against a simulation without any restrictions.
Simulations indicated that wind energy lease areas have minor impacts on the present-day fishery, with changes in days fished, landings per unit effort, and total fishing trips under 5% with impacts varying across development scenarios and fishing ports. These results suggest offshore wind development may have limited impacts on fishing. However, these changes can be magnified by the value of the Atlantic sea scallop fishery, resulting in substantial economic impacts. Imposed restrictions on fishing location and transiting lease areas resulted in spatial shifts in fishing trips, with larger changes associated with the larger proposed wind lease area footprints, particularly in the southern part of the Atlantic sea scallop range. The largest negative effect of wind restrictions was the reduction in Atlantic sea scallop biomass outside of the lease areas (∼4–9%), likely due to effort displacement, even though the total stock biomass remained relatively unchanged. The simulation results highlight the need for a holistic approach to assessing the complex interactions between offshore wind energy lease areas, Atlantic sea scallop stock dynamics, and fishing vessel transit routes to accurately identify and address potential impacts. This information is critical for fishers and managers to assess mitigation approaches and serves as a valuable tool for future planning amid interactions between commercial fisheries, the offshore wind energy industry, and changing environmental conditions.
{"title":"Impacts of offshore wind energy development on the commercial sea scallop fishery","authors":"Sarah Borsetti , Daphne M. Munroe , John M. Klinck , Andrew M. Scheld , Eileen E. Hofmann , Eric N. Powell , David B. Rudders","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Atlantic sea scallop (<em>Placopecten magellanicus</em>) fishery on the Northeast U.S. continental shelf generates approximately USD 500 million ex-vessel revenues annually, making it one of the most valuable single species fisheries in the United States. Wind energy development is planned for key areas on the U.S. Mid-Atlantic shelf where the Atlantic sea scallop fishery operates, creating novel challenges in managing trade-offs between traditional users like fisheries and new users like offshore wind energy. An agent-based modeling framework that integrates spatial dynamics in Atlantic sea scallop stock biology, fishing fleet behavior, and federal management decisions, was implemented to investigate how offshore wind energy infrastructure may directly affect the Atlantic sea scallop fishery. The effect of current and planned wind energy lease areas on Atlantic sea scallop was evaluated with simulations that restricted Atlantic sea scallop fishing in lease areas, transiting lease areas by the fishing fleet, or both. The relative effects of these restrictions were measured against a simulation without any restrictions.</div><div>Simulations indicated that wind energy lease areas have minor impacts on the present-day fishery, with changes in days fished, landings per unit effort, and total fishing trips under 5% with impacts varying across development scenarios and fishing ports. These results suggest offshore wind development may have limited impacts on fishing. However, these changes can be magnified by the value of the Atlantic sea scallop fishery, resulting in substantial economic impacts. Imposed restrictions on fishing location and transiting lease areas resulted in spatial shifts in fishing trips, with larger changes associated with the larger proposed wind lease area footprints, particularly in the southern part of the Atlantic sea scallop range. The largest negative effect of wind restrictions was the reduction in Atlantic sea scallop biomass outside of the lease areas (∼4–9%), likely due to effort displacement, even though the total stock biomass remained relatively unchanged. The simulation results highlight the need for a holistic approach to assessing the complex interactions between offshore wind energy lease areas, Atlantic sea scallop stock dynamics, and fishing vessel transit routes to accurately identify and address potential impacts. This information is critical for fishers and managers to assess mitigation approaches and serves as a valuable tool for future planning amid interactions between commercial fisheries, the offshore wind energy industry, and changing environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108045"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108059
Yanjun Liu , Kai Liu , Jingjing Cao , Xin Wen , Yuanhui Zhu , Xina Wang
Mangrove forests thrive in harsh coastal intertidal zones, supporting diverse species that coexist within complex habitats. Accurately capturing mangrove phenology is beneficial for improving our understanding of their growth patterns and adaptability, supporting informed strategies for mangrove conservation, restoration and management. However, challenges remain regarding quantifying fine-scale mangrove phenology and identifying its drivers due to the resolution limitations of available datasets. This study proposed a novel radiometric consistency calibration method for Planet Lab satellite imagery (SuperDove) utilizing MODIS and Harmonized Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 (HLS) data to detect mangrove phenology at the species scale. The calibrated SuperDove time series was then used to extract key phenological parameters in five typical mangrove forests along the coast of China. Results revealed that HLS data, particularly its red-edge bands, effectively complemented MODIS by providing additional spectral information for cross-calibration SuperDove imagery. Most spectral bands in the calibrated SuperDove imagery demonstrated strong agreement with the reference Sentinel-2 imagery, with the coefficient of determination (R2) values exceeding 0.85. Spatial distributions of species-scale mangrove phenology in five study sites across different latitudes revealed regional differences, likely influenced by temperature and seawater pressure. As the latitude of the study site increased, the start of growing season (SOS) and the peak of growing season (MaxGreen) of mangroves were delayed, while the length of growing season (LOS) decreased. This study provides high-quality time-series imagery for species-scale mangrove phenology monitoring, and offers insights into mangrove phenological characteristics and environmental drivers across different latitudes along China's coast. These findings can serve for selecting suitable mangrove species, planting areas and times in the ecological restoration and management of coastal mangroves.
{"title":"Exploring fine-scale mangrove phenology along the coast of China using time series SuperDove images","authors":"Yanjun Liu , Kai Liu , Jingjing Cao , Xin Wen , Yuanhui Zhu , Xina Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangrove forests thrive in harsh coastal intertidal zones, supporting diverse species that coexist within complex habitats. Accurately capturing mangrove phenology is beneficial for improving our understanding of their growth patterns and adaptability, supporting informed strategies for mangrove conservation, restoration and management. However, challenges remain regarding quantifying fine-scale mangrove phenology and identifying its drivers due to the resolution limitations of available datasets. This study proposed a novel radiometric consistency calibration method for Planet Lab satellite imagery (SuperDove) utilizing MODIS and Harmonized Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 (HLS) data to detect mangrove phenology at the species scale. The calibrated SuperDove time series was then used to extract key phenological parameters in five typical mangrove forests along the coast of China. Results revealed that HLS data, particularly its red-edge bands, effectively complemented MODIS by providing additional spectral information for cross-calibration SuperDove imagery. Most spectral bands in the calibrated SuperDove imagery demonstrated strong agreement with the reference Sentinel-2 imagery, with the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) values exceeding 0.85. Spatial distributions of species-scale mangrove phenology in five study sites across different latitudes revealed regional differences, likely influenced by temperature and seawater pressure. As the latitude of the study site increased, the start of growing season (SOS) and the peak of growing season (MaxGreen) of mangroves were delayed, while the length of growing season (LOS) decreased. This study provides high-quality time-series imagery for species-scale mangrove phenology monitoring, and offers insights into mangrove phenological characteristics and environmental drivers across different latitudes along China's coast. These findings can serve for selecting suitable mangrove species, planting areas and times in the ecological restoration and management of coastal mangroves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108059"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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