The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is widely regarded as a key generalizing indicator of shipping market conditions, supporting the analysis of historical market developments, the identification of current trends, and the forecasting of future market trajectories. Despite the index's widely acknowledged utility, it has historically paid limited attention to regional specificity. Consequently, the precise nature of its interconnections with fast-evolving regional freight markets remains insufficiently explained. Addressing this limitation, this study introduces a novel approach that integrates ensemble learning techniques with a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) to examine the complex relationships between regional and international freight rate indices, alongside macroeconomic and industry-specific variables. Using 14 variables from the Black Sea and Mediterranean regions over 413 weekly observations (2016–2024), the analysis identifies a triadic interaction pattern among freight indices that significantly shapes global shipping dynamics. Results indicate that regional indices not only respond to international market conditions but also exert measurable influence on global freight benchmarks, challenging the traditional assumption of unidirectional causality. The proposed triadic interaction framework sets a new perspective for shipping markets and enables more accurate regional forecasting. Specifically, the findings demonstrate how regional markets can influence global freight movements through interconnected spillover mechanisms. Shipowners and charterers should integrate region-specific indices into their risk assessment frameworks to better tailor hedging and operational strategies for target regions, moving beyond sole reliance on the generalized BDI.
{"title":"Interconnected freight markets: An ensemble learning and GAM approach to regional and international dry bulk shipping rates","authors":"Cemile Solak-Fiskin , Erkan Cakir , Remzi Fiskin , Ersin Firat Akgul , Efendi Nasibov , Tuba Akkaya","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is widely regarded as a key generalizing indicator of shipping market conditions, supporting the analysis of historical market developments, the identification of current trends, and the forecasting of future market trajectories. Despite the index's widely acknowledged utility, it has historically paid limited attention to regional specificity. Consequently, the precise nature of its interconnections with fast-evolving regional freight markets remains insufficiently explained. Addressing this limitation, this study introduces a novel approach that integrates ensemble learning techniques with a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) to examine the complex relationships between regional and international freight rate indices, alongside macroeconomic and industry-specific variables. Using 14 variables from the Black Sea and Mediterranean regions over 413 weekly observations (2016–2024), the analysis identifies a triadic interaction pattern among freight indices that significantly shapes global shipping dynamics. Results indicate that regional indices not only respond to international market conditions but also exert measurable influence on global freight benchmarks, challenging the traditional assumption of unidirectional causality. The proposed triadic interaction framework sets a new perspective for shipping markets and enables more accurate regional forecasting. Specifically, the findings demonstrate how regional markets can influence global freight movements through interconnected spillover mechanisms. Shipowners and charterers should integrate region-specific indices into their risk assessment frameworks to better tailor hedging and operational strategies for target regions, moving beyond sole reliance on the generalized BDI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108070"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108064
Nelson Rangel-Buitrago , Tommaso Giarrizzo , Lucio Brabo , Francisco Jailton Silva Filho , J.A.G. Cooper , William J. Neal
Beaches are multifunctional socio-ecological systems that sustain ecosystem services, cultural identity, and major economic activities. The classical Five-Fold beach typology (Remote, Rural, Village, Urban, Resort) remains widely used but insufficient for the complexity of contemporary coastal environments. This paper proposes a refined, cluster-based typology that integrates ecological, socio-cultural, functional, and governance dimensions alongside traditional settlement criteria. Four functional clusters are defined: Tourism-Oriented (Resort, Urban High/Medium/Low Density, Artificial); Settlement-Oriented (Village, Rural, Remote, Fishing/Community); Conservation-Oriented (Protected–Open, Protected–Restricted); and Special-Use/Restricted (Industrial, Restricted, Mixed/Transitional). Each category is described through measurable attributes including density, accessibility, governance regime, and dominant function. The framework corrects major limitations of the Five-Fold model by differentiating urban beaches, acknowledging artificial and industrial systems, incorporating conservation governance, and recognizing hybrid and restricted-use contexts. Comparative analysis demonstrates its applicability across diverse cultural and environmental settings, from megacity coasts to remote community beaches. Beyond conceptual innovation, typology provides an operational tool for Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Marine Spatial Planning, tourism regulation, and biodiversity conservation. It supports evidence-based monitoring and the development of policy indicators aligned with Sustainable Development Goals 11–15. The cluster-based typology advances coastal geography by translating multidisciplinary knowledge into a flexible, globally adaptable framework for contemporary beach management.
{"title":"Updating coastal beach classification: A cluster-based typology for contemporary human use and management","authors":"Nelson Rangel-Buitrago , Tommaso Giarrizzo , Lucio Brabo , Francisco Jailton Silva Filho , J.A.G. Cooper , William J. Neal","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beaches are multifunctional socio-ecological systems that sustain ecosystem services, cultural identity, and major economic activities. The classical Five-Fold beach typology (Remote, Rural, Village, Urban, Resort) remains widely used but insufficient for the complexity of contemporary coastal environments. This paper proposes a refined, cluster-based typology that integrates ecological, socio-cultural, functional, and governance dimensions alongside traditional settlement criteria. Four functional clusters are defined: Tourism-Oriented (Resort, Urban High/Medium/Low Density, Artificial); Settlement-Oriented (Village, Rural, Remote, Fishing/Community); Conservation-Oriented (Protected–Open, Protected–Restricted); and Special-Use/Restricted (Industrial, Restricted, Mixed/Transitional). Each category is described through measurable attributes including density, accessibility, governance regime, and dominant function. The framework corrects major limitations of the Five-Fold model by differentiating urban beaches, acknowledging artificial and industrial systems, incorporating conservation governance, and recognizing hybrid and restricted-use contexts. Comparative analysis demonstrates its applicability across diverse cultural and environmental settings, from megacity coasts to remote community beaches. Beyond conceptual innovation, typology provides an operational tool for Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Marine Spatial Planning, tourism regulation, and biodiversity conservation. It supports evidence-based monitoring and the development of policy indicators aligned with Sustainable Development Goals 11–15. The cluster-based typology advances coastal geography by translating multidisciplinary knowledge into a flexible, globally adaptable framework for contemporary beach management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108064"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108066
Olga Paraskevopoulou , Orfeas Karountzos , Christina Iliopoulou
The resilience of passenger ferry networks is crucial for maintaining reliable transportation in regions with dispersed islands and highly variable demand, such as the Aegean Sea. The Greek Coastal Shipping Network (GCSN) transports goods, supports tourism, and connects isolated islands to the mainland. Extreme weather events and climate change pose significant threats to the network's stability, potentially disrupting connectivity and affecting thousands of passengers. While existing research has primarily focused on port infrastructure or localized disruptions, this study introduces a passenger-oriented network resilience framework that integrates real-world passenger flows, historical meteorological data, and complex network metrics. Using centrality measures (degree and closeness), and the Largest Connected Component (LCC), the approach quantifies both the structural robustness of the network and the direct impact on passengers under extreme weather-induced disruptions. Density-based clustering is employed to identify groups of ports likely to be affected simultaneously, enabling realistic simulation of multi-node disruptions. The findings highlight the most vulnerable ports and routes, offering actionable insights for optimizing ferry schedules, and improving network redundancy. This study demonstrates a practical methodology for assessing and enhancing the resilience of island ferry networks with implications for both operational planning and long-term policy development.
{"title":"Passenger-centric resilience assessment of the Aegean ferry network under extreme weather events","authors":"Olga Paraskevopoulou , Orfeas Karountzos , Christina Iliopoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The resilience of passenger ferry networks is crucial for maintaining reliable transportation in regions with dispersed islands and highly variable demand, such as the Aegean Sea. The Greek Coastal Shipping Network (GCSN) transports goods, supports tourism, and connects isolated islands to the mainland. <em>Extreme weather</em> events and climate change pose significant threats to the network's stability, potentially disrupting connectivity and affecting thousands of passengers. While existing research has primarily focused on port infrastructure or localized disruptions, this study introduces a passenger-oriented network resilience framework that integrates real-world passenger flows, historical meteorological data, and complex network metrics. Using centrality measures (degree and closeness), and the Largest Connected Component (LCC), the approach quantifies both the structural robustness of the network and the direct impact on passengers under extreme weather-induced disruptions. Density-based clustering is employed to identify groups of ports likely to be affected simultaneously, enabling realistic simulation of multi-node disruptions. The findings highlight the most vulnerable ports and routes, offering actionable insights for optimizing ferry schedules, and improving network redundancy. This study demonstrates a practical methodology for assessing and enhancing the resilience of island ferry networks with implications for both operational planning and long-term policy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108066"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108061
Ibrahim Boubekri , Johanna Schumacher , Miriam von Thenen , Astrid Sánchez-Jiménez , Anna A. Lloveras , Rafael Sardá , Rachid Amara , Gerald Schernewski
The Ecosystem Service framework is essential for understanding the role of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in delivering conservation benefits and societal goods such as fisheries. A perception analysis was conducted to capture the views of 33 experts on MPA-associated ecosystem services. Moreover, using The MPA Guide, we applied a scenario-based approach to assess the potential impact of different degrees of protection (i.e., fully, highly, lightly, and minimally protected levels) on fisheries-related ecosystem services. An expert-based evaluation explored the influence of these protection levels on fisheries-related ecosystem services across two prospective timeframes, set at 3- and 7-years post-implementation. Findings indicate a broad consensus on the perceived importance of cultural services attributed to MPAs. Provisioning MPA-associated ecosystem services are moderate, and their relevance varies by experiential and disciplinary backgrounds of experts. Fully and highly protected levels were perceived as the most effective in enhancing fisheries-related ecosystem services, particularly through increased fish abundance, individual size, and biomass. While provisioning fisheries-related ecosystem services were clearly perceived as increasing over time, especially under higher protection levels, the trends for regulation/maintenance and cultural fisheries-related ecosystem services were more subtle. This study highlights the need for adaptive protection strategies that account for temporal scales, reinforcing the role of long-term monitoring frameworks that capture both socioeconomic and social-ecological outcomes. Moreover, by introducing a qualitative cost-effective expert judgment, this methodology can be implemented in data-poor contexts such as the Mediterranean region. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and MPA planners striving to implement the EU 2030 Biodiversity Strategy in the Mediterranean Sea in terms of design, zoning, and governance of strictly protected MPAs that are both ecologically effective and socially acceptable.
{"title":"Contribution of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) towards ecosystem services and fisheries: An experts’ perspective from Mediterranean MPAs","authors":"Ibrahim Boubekri , Johanna Schumacher , Miriam von Thenen , Astrid Sánchez-Jiménez , Anna A. Lloveras , Rafael Sardá , Rachid Amara , Gerald Schernewski","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ecosystem Service framework is essential for understanding the role of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in delivering conservation benefits and societal goods such as fisheries. A perception analysis was conducted to capture the views of 33 experts on MPA-associated ecosystem services. Moreover, using <em>The MPA Guide</em>, we applied a scenario-based approach to assess the potential impact of different degrees of protection (i.e., fully, highly, lightly, and minimally protected levels) on fisheries-related ecosystem services. An expert-based evaluation explored the influence of these protection levels on fisheries-related ecosystem services across two prospective timeframes, set at 3- and 7-years post-implementation. Findings indicate a broad consensus on the perceived importance of cultural services attributed to MPAs. Provisioning MPA-associated ecosystem services are moderate, and their relevance varies by experiential and disciplinary backgrounds of experts. Fully and highly protected levels were perceived as the most effective in enhancing fisheries-related ecosystem services, particularly through increased fish abundance, individual size, and biomass. While provisioning fisheries-related ecosystem services were clearly perceived as increasing over time, especially under higher protection levels, the trends for regulation/maintenance and cultural fisheries-related ecosystem services were more subtle. This study highlights the need for adaptive protection strategies that account for temporal scales, reinforcing the role of long-term monitoring frameworks that capture both socioeconomic and social-ecological outcomes. Moreover, by introducing a qualitative cost-effective expert judgment, this methodology can be implemented in data-poor contexts such as the Mediterranean region. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and MPA planners striving to implement the EU 2030 Biodiversity Strategy in the Mediterranean Sea in terms of design, zoning, and governance of strictly protected MPAs that are both ecologically effective and socially acceptable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108061"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108058
Eugenio Fossi , Federica Costantini , Marina Antonia Colangelo , Lucia Palazzi Rossi , Giuseppe Prioli , Barbara Mikac
Aquaculture is a major vector for the introduction and spread of Non-Native Species (NNS), with negative ecological and economic implications. Costs generated by biofouling, including that of NNS, in bivalve aquaculture, can represent even 20–30 % of production costs. We used Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) to assess farmers' awareness of NNS and pest species, as well as their observations of changes in fauna associated with cultivated Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas) in the Adriatic Sea, through questionaries. While most farmers claimed to understand the concept of NNS and reported their presence in farms, only a few could accurately identify a limited number of these species. Farmers observed increases in flatworms, ascidians, barnacles, hydrozoans and spionid polychaete Polydora, which they believe negatively affect mollusks and reduce their marketability. They also reported translocation practices involving seed and adult mollusks between Italy, Greece, France, and Spain, both within and beyond the Mediterranean basin. By combining farmer observations on the abundance of NNS and pests, with their reports of translocation practices, our results suggest that these activities facilitate the introduction and spread of NNS and pests. This highlights that LEK is a valuable tool for identifying challenges related to NNS management in aquaculture. We recommend implementing training programs to improve farmers’ capacity to recognize NNS and contribute to their early detection. Furthermore, cross-border collaboration and partnerships among scientists, policymakers, and farmers are crucial for managing the spread of NNS through aquaculture in the Mediterranean.
{"title":"Exploring farmers' knowledge to trace Non-Native Species in aquaculture","authors":"Eugenio Fossi , Federica Costantini , Marina Antonia Colangelo , Lucia Palazzi Rossi , Giuseppe Prioli , Barbara Mikac","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquaculture is a major vector for the introduction and spread of Non-Native Species (NNS), with negative ecological and economic implications. Costs generated by biofouling, including that of NNS, in bivalve aquaculture, can represent even 20–30 % of production costs. We used Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) to assess farmers' awareness of NNS and pest species, as well as their observations of changes in fauna associated with cultivated Mediterranean mussels (<em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em>) and Pacific oysters (<em>Magallana gigas</em>) in the Adriatic Sea, through questionaries. While most farmers claimed to understand the concept of NNS and reported their presence in farms, only a few could accurately identify a limited number of these species. Farmers observed increases in flatworms, ascidians, barnacles, hydrozoans and spionid polychaete <em>Polydora</em>, which they believe negatively affect mollusks and reduce their marketability. They also reported translocation practices involving seed and adult mollusks between Italy, Greece, France, and Spain, both within and beyond the Mediterranean basin. By combining farmer observations on the abundance of NNS and pests, with their reports of translocation practices, our results suggest that these activities facilitate the introduction and spread of NNS and pests. This highlights that LEK is a valuable tool for identifying challenges related to NNS management in aquaculture. We recommend implementing training programs to improve farmers’ capacity to recognize NNS and contribute to their early detection. Furthermore, cross-border collaboration and partnerships among scientists, policymakers, and farmers are crucial for managing the spread of NNS through aquaculture in the Mediterranean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108058"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108053
Yu Peng , Lianqiang Shi , Junli Guo , Mingli Zhao , Juan Liang , Qinghua Ye , Huangzhe Qi , Tianshui Cao
<div><div>Under the continuous disturbance of human activities, coastal ecosystems, especially biological coastal ecosystems, have been severely damaged. In response to this trend, many countries have implemented ecological restoration projects to restore ecological functions. However, scientific evaluation of restoration effectivReferenceeness still lags behind, and there is a lack of standardization in indicator selection and methodology, making it difficult to accurately assess restoration effectiveness and hindering the optimization of restoration strategies. To address this, the present study systematically reviews existing evaluation methods, analyzing their strengths and limitations to ensure that the proposed indicator system is representative, comprehensive, and can integrate multiple perspectives. Methodologically, the framework is developed based on the “Restoration Wheel” theory, encompassing six dimensions: physical conditions, species composition, structural diversity, ecosystem functions, threat factors, and external connectivity. The “Restoration Wheel” theory, guided by the “International Standards for Ecological Restoration” established by the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER), provides a scientific framework for the evaluation of ecological restoration, integrating the characteristics of coastal ecosystem environments. Subjective weights derived from the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) are combined with objective weights calculated through an improved CRITIC method, and integrated using game theory to obtain composite weights. Restoration effectiveness is then quantitatively assessed through a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation approach. The traditional CRITIC method is prone to bias in weight calculation when dealing with data of different dimensions and magnitudes, as the standard deviation is easily influenced by the raw data. To address this issue, this study introduces the coefficient of variation as a replacement for the standard deviation, eliminating the differences in dimension and magnitude, and ensuring fairness and stability in the weight calculation. Taking the biogenic coastal restoration project in Xiaohai, Wanning, Hainan Province, China, as a case study, the applicability of the indicator system is tested. Results show that: (1) physical conditions, species composition, and structural diversity carry decisive weightings of 0.2622, 0.3066, and 0.2793, respectively, in the evaluation process; (2) from winter 2022 to winter 2024, overall restoration effectiveness substantially improved, with best performance from profiles H2 and H5, while H1 showed a slight decline but remained at a “moderate” or higher level; and (3) significant differences in restoration effectiveness were observed among profiles, likely linked to variability in seawater salinity and benthic biomass. This study provides technical support for the scientific evaluation of biogenic coastal restoration and offers a reference paradigm for selecti
{"title":"Construction and application of an evaluation indicator system for biological coastal ecological restoration","authors":"Yu Peng , Lianqiang Shi , Junli Guo , Mingli Zhao , Juan Liang , Qinghua Ye , Huangzhe Qi , Tianshui Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the continuous disturbance of human activities, coastal ecosystems, especially biological coastal ecosystems, have been severely damaged. In response to this trend, many countries have implemented ecological restoration projects to restore ecological functions. However, scientific evaluation of restoration effectivReferenceeness still lags behind, and there is a lack of standardization in indicator selection and methodology, making it difficult to accurately assess restoration effectiveness and hindering the optimization of restoration strategies. To address this, the present study systematically reviews existing evaluation methods, analyzing their strengths and limitations to ensure that the proposed indicator system is representative, comprehensive, and can integrate multiple perspectives. Methodologically, the framework is developed based on the “Restoration Wheel” theory, encompassing six dimensions: physical conditions, species composition, structural diversity, ecosystem functions, threat factors, and external connectivity. The “Restoration Wheel” theory, guided by the “International Standards for Ecological Restoration” established by the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER), provides a scientific framework for the evaluation of ecological restoration, integrating the characteristics of coastal ecosystem environments. Subjective weights derived from the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) are combined with objective weights calculated through an improved CRITIC method, and integrated using game theory to obtain composite weights. Restoration effectiveness is then quantitatively assessed through a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation approach. The traditional CRITIC method is prone to bias in weight calculation when dealing with data of different dimensions and magnitudes, as the standard deviation is easily influenced by the raw data. To address this issue, this study introduces the coefficient of variation as a replacement for the standard deviation, eliminating the differences in dimension and magnitude, and ensuring fairness and stability in the weight calculation. Taking the biogenic coastal restoration project in Xiaohai, Wanning, Hainan Province, China, as a case study, the applicability of the indicator system is tested. Results show that: (1) physical conditions, species composition, and structural diversity carry decisive weightings of 0.2622, 0.3066, and 0.2793, respectively, in the evaluation process; (2) from winter 2022 to winter 2024, overall restoration effectiveness substantially improved, with best performance from profiles H2 and H5, while H1 showed a slight decline but remained at a “moderate” or higher level; and (3) significant differences in restoration effectiveness were observed among profiles, likely linked to variability in seawater salinity and benthic biomass. This study provides technical support for the scientific evaluation of biogenic coastal restoration and offers a reference paradigm for selecti","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108053"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108045
Sarah Borsetti , Daphne M. Munroe , John M. Klinck , Andrew M. Scheld , Eileen E. Hofmann , Eric N. Powell , David B. Rudders
The Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery on the Northeast U.S. continental shelf generates approximately USD 500 million ex-vessel revenues annually, making it one of the most valuable single species fisheries in the United States. Wind energy development is planned for key areas on the U.S. Mid-Atlantic shelf where the Atlantic sea scallop fishery operates, creating novel challenges in managing trade-offs between traditional users like fisheries and new users like offshore wind energy. An agent-based modeling framework that integrates spatial dynamics in Atlantic sea scallop stock biology, fishing fleet behavior, and federal management decisions, was implemented to investigate how offshore wind energy infrastructure may directly affect the Atlantic sea scallop fishery. The effect of current and planned wind energy lease areas on Atlantic sea scallop was evaluated with simulations that restricted Atlantic sea scallop fishing in lease areas, transiting lease areas by the fishing fleet, or both. The relative effects of these restrictions were measured against a simulation without any restrictions.
Simulations indicated that wind energy lease areas have minor impacts on the present-day fishery, with changes in days fished, landings per unit effort, and total fishing trips under 5% with impacts varying across development scenarios and fishing ports. These results suggest offshore wind development may have limited impacts on fishing. However, these changes can be magnified by the value of the Atlantic sea scallop fishery, resulting in substantial economic impacts. Imposed restrictions on fishing location and transiting lease areas resulted in spatial shifts in fishing trips, with larger changes associated with the larger proposed wind lease area footprints, particularly in the southern part of the Atlantic sea scallop range. The largest negative effect of wind restrictions was the reduction in Atlantic sea scallop biomass outside of the lease areas (∼4–9%), likely due to effort displacement, even though the total stock biomass remained relatively unchanged. The simulation results highlight the need for a holistic approach to assessing the complex interactions between offshore wind energy lease areas, Atlantic sea scallop stock dynamics, and fishing vessel transit routes to accurately identify and address potential impacts. This information is critical for fishers and managers to assess mitigation approaches and serves as a valuable tool for future planning amid interactions between commercial fisheries, the offshore wind energy industry, and changing environmental conditions.
{"title":"Impacts of offshore wind energy development on the commercial sea scallop fishery","authors":"Sarah Borsetti , Daphne M. Munroe , John M. Klinck , Andrew M. Scheld , Eileen E. Hofmann , Eric N. Powell , David B. Rudders","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Atlantic sea scallop (<em>Placopecten magellanicus</em>) fishery on the Northeast U.S. continental shelf generates approximately USD 500 million ex-vessel revenues annually, making it one of the most valuable single species fisheries in the United States. Wind energy development is planned for key areas on the U.S. Mid-Atlantic shelf where the Atlantic sea scallop fishery operates, creating novel challenges in managing trade-offs between traditional users like fisheries and new users like offshore wind energy. An agent-based modeling framework that integrates spatial dynamics in Atlantic sea scallop stock biology, fishing fleet behavior, and federal management decisions, was implemented to investigate how offshore wind energy infrastructure may directly affect the Atlantic sea scallop fishery. The effect of current and planned wind energy lease areas on Atlantic sea scallop was evaluated with simulations that restricted Atlantic sea scallop fishing in lease areas, transiting lease areas by the fishing fleet, or both. The relative effects of these restrictions were measured against a simulation without any restrictions.</div><div>Simulations indicated that wind energy lease areas have minor impacts on the present-day fishery, with changes in days fished, landings per unit effort, and total fishing trips under 5% with impacts varying across development scenarios and fishing ports. These results suggest offshore wind development may have limited impacts on fishing. However, these changes can be magnified by the value of the Atlantic sea scallop fishery, resulting in substantial economic impacts. Imposed restrictions on fishing location and transiting lease areas resulted in spatial shifts in fishing trips, with larger changes associated with the larger proposed wind lease area footprints, particularly in the southern part of the Atlantic sea scallop range. The largest negative effect of wind restrictions was the reduction in Atlantic sea scallop biomass outside of the lease areas (∼4–9%), likely due to effort displacement, even though the total stock biomass remained relatively unchanged. The simulation results highlight the need for a holistic approach to assessing the complex interactions between offshore wind energy lease areas, Atlantic sea scallop stock dynamics, and fishing vessel transit routes to accurately identify and address potential impacts. This information is critical for fishers and managers to assess mitigation approaches and serves as a valuable tool for future planning amid interactions between commercial fisheries, the offshore wind energy industry, and changing environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108045"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108059
Yanjun Liu , Kai Liu , Jingjing Cao , Xin Wen , Yuanhui Zhu , Xina Wang
Mangrove forests thrive in harsh coastal intertidal zones, supporting diverse species that coexist within complex habitats. Accurately capturing mangrove phenology is beneficial for improving our understanding of their growth patterns and adaptability, supporting informed strategies for mangrove conservation, restoration and management. However, challenges remain regarding quantifying fine-scale mangrove phenology and identifying its drivers due to the resolution limitations of available datasets. This study proposed a novel radiometric consistency calibration method for Planet Lab satellite imagery (SuperDove) utilizing MODIS and Harmonized Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 (HLS) data to detect mangrove phenology at the species scale. The calibrated SuperDove time series was then used to extract key phenological parameters in five typical mangrove forests along the coast of China. Results revealed that HLS data, particularly its red-edge bands, effectively complemented MODIS by providing additional spectral information for cross-calibration SuperDove imagery. Most spectral bands in the calibrated SuperDove imagery demonstrated strong agreement with the reference Sentinel-2 imagery, with the coefficient of determination (R2) values exceeding 0.85. Spatial distributions of species-scale mangrove phenology in five study sites across different latitudes revealed regional differences, likely influenced by temperature and seawater pressure. As the latitude of the study site increased, the start of growing season (SOS) and the peak of growing season (MaxGreen) of mangroves were delayed, while the length of growing season (LOS) decreased. This study provides high-quality time-series imagery for species-scale mangrove phenology monitoring, and offers insights into mangrove phenological characteristics and environmental drivers across different latitudes along China's coast. These findings can serve for selecting suitable mangrove species, planting areas and times in the ecological restoration and management of coastal mangroves.
{"title":"Exploring fine-scale mangrove phenology along the coast of China using time series SuperDove images","authors":"Yanjun Liu , Kai Liu , Jingjing Cao , Xin Wen , Yuanhui Zhu , Xina Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangrove forests thrive in harsh coastal intertidal zones, supporting diverse species that coexist within complex habitats. Accurately capturing mangrove phenology is beneficial for improving our understanding of their growth patterns and adaptability, supporting informed strategies for mangrove conservation, restoration and management. However, challenges remain regarding quantifying fine-scale mangrove phenology and identifying its drivers due to the resolution limitations of available datasets. This study proposed a novel radiometric consistency calibration method for Planet Lab satellite imagery (SuperDove) utilizing MODIS and Harmonized Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 (HLS) data to detect mangrove phenology at the species scale. The calibrated SuperDove time series was then used to extract key phenological parameters in five typical mangrove forests along the coast of China. Results revealed that HLS data, particularly its red-edge bands, effectively complemented MODIS by providing additional spectral information for cross-calibration SuperDove imagery. Most spectral bands in the calibrated SuperDove imagery demonstrated strong agreement with the reference Sentinel-2 imagery, with the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) values exceeding 0.85. Spatial distributions of species-scale mangrove phenology in five study sites across different latitudes revealed regional differences, likely influenced by temperature and seawater pressure. As the latitude of the study site increased, the start of growing season (SOS) and the peak of growing season (MaxGreen) of mangroves were delayed, while the length of growing season (LOS) decreased. This study provides high-quality time-series imagery for species-scale mangrove phenology monitoring, and offers insights into mangrove phenological characteristics and environmental drivers across different latitudes along China's coast. These findings can serve for selecting suitable mangrove species, planting areas and times in the ecological restoration and management of coastal mangroves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108059"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108050
Yiqiu Fu , Zengkai Zhang , Chao Liu , Zheng Li , Yixuan Chen , Xiaoxiang Liu , Jiaju Lin , Caiyun Zhang , Tao Lin , Jinliang Huang , Xiongzhi Xue
Coastal regions are crucial for the economic growth and social stability of developing countries, yet they face increasing sustainability challenges arising from urbanization, resource overuse, and environmental degradation. Despite growing recognition of these challenges, existing research has not clearly identified the key sustainability dimensions that require attention in these regions. To address this gap, this study evaluates the sustainable development capacity of coastal zones in 41 developing countries, using an integrated indicator system that encompasses environmental, social, and economic spheres across seven themes. This analysis also explores the synergies and trade-offs among these themes to identify management priorities. Furthermore, future trends in sustainable development capacity are projected under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The results indicate that these countries have an average coastal sustainable development capacity score of 52.18 out of 95, with relatively high scores in social development (mean score: 63.40) and ocean (61.31) themes, while biodiversity (40.96) and freshwater (43.62) themes score relatively low. The highest synergy is observed in the atmosphere (hub score = 1.00) theme, while the highest trade-offs are found in the ocean (1.00) and land (0.78) themes. Trade-offs are particularly prominent in low-income countries' land (1.00) theme, in middle-income countries' ocean (1.00) and social development (0.75) themes, and in high-income countries’ ocean (0.85) and land (1.00) themes, as categorized by coastal GDP per capita. Under the SSP1-1.9 scenario, sustainable development capacity is projected to increase relatively rapidly. This study provides valuable guidance and theoretical foundations for formulating coastal sustainable development strategies in developing countries.
{"title":"Integrated indicator assessment of coastal sustainable development capacity: Informing policy and prioritizing management actions in developing countries","authors":"Yiqiu Fu , Zengkai Zhang , Chao Liu , Zheng Li , Yixuan Chen , Xiaoxiang Liu , Jiaju Lin , Caiyun Zhang , Tao Lin , Jinliang Huang , Xiongzhi Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal regions are crucial for the economic growth and social stability of developing countries, yet they face increasing sustainability challenges arising from urbanization, resource overuse, and environmental degradation. Despite growing recognition of these challenges, existing research has not clearly identified the key sustainability dimensions that require attention in these regions. To address this gap, this study evaluates the sustainable development capacity of coastal zones in 41 developing countries, using an integrated indicator system that encompasses environmental, social, and economic spheres across seven themes. This analysis also explores the synergies and trade-offs among these themes to identify management priorities. Furthermore, future trends in sustainable development capacity are projected under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The results indicate that these countries have an average coastal sustainable development capacity score of 52.18 out of 95, with relatively high scores in social development (mean score: 63.40) and ocean (61.31) themes, while biodiversity (40.96) and freshwater (43.62) themes score relatively low. The highest synergy is observed in the atmosphere (hub score = 1.00) theme, while the highest trade-offs are found in the ocean (1.00) and land (0.78) themes. Trade-offs are particularly prominent in low-income countries' land (1.00) theme, in middle-income countries' ocean (1.00) and social development (0.75) themes, and in high-income countries’ ocean (0.85) and land (1.00) themes, as categorized by coastal GDP per capita. Under the SSP1-1.9 scenario, sustainable development capacity is projected to increase relatively rapidly. This study provides valuable guidance and theoretical foundations for formulating coastal sustainable development strategies in developing countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108050"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108060
Riza Jane S. Banicod , Do-Hoon Kim , Gezelle C. Tadifa , Ulysses M. Montojo
Climate change presents substantial threats to Philippine fisheries and related industries, primarily due to a pronounced increase in sea surface temperatures (SST) over recent decades. These ecosystem changes have greatly impacted fish distribution, abundance, and overall production. To ensure effective and sustainable management of fishery resources amid a changing climate, vulnerability assessments have become increasingly important. This study undertook a comprehensive vulnerability assessment by evaluating the cascading effects of rising SST under the RCP 8.5 scenario on 51 commercially important marine species, processing operations, and dependent communities. Results showed that species highly exposed and sensitive to climate change, mainly Scomber australasicus, Gazza minuta, and Secutor insidiator, exhibit heightened vulnerability. Consequently, processing sectors largely reliant on these species, specifically drying and smoking, along with areas characterized by diversified processing activities, are at greater risk. Such vulnerabilities generally translate into shortages of raw materials, disruptions in supply chains, and reduced production efficiency, all of which can negatively affect food security, economic stability, and community livelihoods. The identification of the most vulnerable species, sectors, and areas in this study offers a strategic framework for guiding adaptation measures, prioritizing resource allocation, and informing policy interventions. Mitigating these interconnected vulnerabilities demands a proactive, science-based approach to resource management that underline sustainability, adaptive capacity-building, and the development of resilient supply chains to safeguard the long-term viability of Philippine fisheries and their associated industries.
{"title":"Cascading vulnerability of fish stocks, processing operations, and dependent communities to climate change in the Philippines","authors":"Riza Jane S. Banicod , Do-Hoon Kim , Gezelle C. Tadifa , Ulysses M. Montojo","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change presents substantial threats to Philippine fisheries and related industries, primarily due to a pronounced increase in sea surface temperatures (SST) over recent decades. These ecosystem changes have greatly impacted fish distribution, abundance, and overall production. To ensure effective and sustainable management of fishery resources amid a changing climate, vulnerability assessments have become increasingly important. This study undertook a comprehensive vulnerability assessment by evaluating the cascading effects of rising SST under the RCP 8.5 scenario on 51 commercially important marine species, processing operations, and dependent communities. Results showed that species highly exposed and sensitive to climate change, mainly <em>Scomber australasicus</em>, <em>Gazza minuta</em>, and <em>Secutor insidiator</em>, exhibit heightened vulnerability. Consequently, processing sectors largely reliant on these species, specifically drying and smoking, along with areas characterized by diversified processing activities, are at greater risk. Such vulnerabilities generally translate into shortages of raw materials, disruptions in supply chains, and reduced production efficiency, all of which can negatively affect food security, economic stability, and community livelihoods. The identification of the most vulnerable species, sectors, and areas in this study offers a strategic framework for guiding adaptation measures, prioritizing resource allocation, and informing policy interventions. Mitigating these interconnected vulnerabilities demands a proactive, science-based approach to resource management that underline sustainability, adaptive capacity-building, and the development of resilient supply chains to safeguard the long-term viability of Philippine fisheries and their associated industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54698,"journal":{"name":"Ocean & Coastal Management","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108060"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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