Nutrition Clinique et Metabolisme最新文献

Background

Inflammation plays a great role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 as a life-threatening epidemic. This study was conducted to investigate relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and severity and symptoms of COVID-19.

Methods

In total, 683 patients recovered from COVID-19 were included. Dietary intakes of participants were assessed using a validated 168-item FFQ. Outcomes of interest were including severity of disease, symptoms, hospitalization, hypoxia, need to respiratory support, severe lung infection, disease duration, hospitalization, recovery after hospitalization and respiratory support as well as serum level of CRP and ESR.

Results

Participants at the highest quartile of DII score had higher risk of COVID-19 severity (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.20), duration of recovery (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.02), hypoxia (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.08–3.83), needs to respiratory support (OR: 3.82; 95% CI: 2.08, 7.03), and long disease duration (OR: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.41, 4.89), and higher levels of CRP and ESR (P-value < 0.001). Moreover, risk of COVID-19 symptoms including dyspnea, cough, fever, chills, weakness, myalgia, chest pain, headache, vertigo, sore throat, nausea and vomiting and anorexia was higher among those patients; but no such an association was found for the risk of hospitalization, severe lung infection, hospital duration, duration of respiratory support, blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate.

Conclusion

We found that high DII was associated with greater risk of severe disease, higher levels of serum inflammatory markers and lower life satisfaction in patients with COVID-19. Further, prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.

Objectives

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease that affects many aspects of patients including their quality of life (QoL). The aim of this meta-analysis was to highlight the impact of gluten-free diet (GFD) adherence on QoL using specific instruments.

Materials and methods

The included studies should meet to PRISMA guidelines. Thirty-nine studies using developed or adapted specific instruments were included in review, and 25 of them were included in meta-analysis.

Results

In overall, the results showed a neutral QoL both in children and adolescents (47.81, 95% CI [40.50; 55.12]), and in adults (45.12, 95% CI [38.24; 52.00]). The QoL was low in subscales related to GFD such as “Diet” in CD-Dux, “Inadequate treatment” in CD-QoL and in “Dietary burden” in CD-AQ instruments. In children, the QoL was higher in patients adhering to GFD, with mean difference (MD) estimated at 8.24 (95% CI [5.11; 11.37]; P < 0.00001). All studies used CD-Dux as specific instrument and the results showed that the QoL was significantly lower in proxies than their children and adolescents (MD −5.60, 95% CI [−8.06; −3.15]; P < 0.00001). In adults, no significant difference was observed regarding the impact of GFD adherence on QoL (MD 3.68, 95% CI [−0.53; 7.88]; P = 0.09).

Conclusion

Using specific instruments, this meta-analysis highlighted a reduced QoL in subscales related to GFD, and has been improved after GFD adherence.

Introduction and objective

The functioning of establishments for elderly or disabled people regarding food and nutrition is poorly understood. In the French Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, there is a Nutrition Resource Center (Cerenut) responsible for helping establishments on these issues. The study aimed to find out the main food and nutrition actions practiced in medico-social and health establishments in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, their perception of the interest of the various services offered by Cerenut and the levels of use of these services.

Method

A secure questionnaire was sent electronically to 2625 establishments. Declarative data was collected automatically over a period of one month.

Results

The number of responding establishments was 172 (6.6% of establishments contacted). The use of oral nutritional supplements, weighing at least once a month and the presence of a menu committee were the most frequent actions. Nutritional issues were an important concern for establishment budgets. The nutritional assessment of residents upon entry and the use of dietary time remained infrequent, as did the practice of enteral nutrition. Establishments for people with disabilities were the worst off. Cerenut's services relating to team training were considered the most interesting and the most used.

Conclusion

Several fundamental food and nutrition actions were not carried out in the establishments surveyed, likely to hamper the nutritional assessment of residents, their care and the enhancement of their stays. Cerenut offers training and can provide structures with appropriate assistance in many cases.

Objective

Malnourished patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) have lower plasma citrulline level compared to healthy controls. Citrulline is a non-essential amino-acid synthetized by the enterocyte and has functions affecting cardiovascular status. The aim of the study is to describe citrulline plasma level and to assess its relationship with hemodynamic status in a cohort of malnourished adult patients with AN.

Methods

A retrospective observational study including malnourished patients with AN hospitalized between January 2018 and January 2019 for the treatment of severe malnutrition was carried out. Anthropometric measures, biochemical tests, and cardiac function indicators including doppler echocardiographic parameters were evaluated.

Results

Forty-eight patients with a median age of 29 [21–35.5] years old and body mass index (BMI) of 12 [10.5–-13.4] kg/m² were included. Median systolic blood pressure (SBP) and median diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were respectively 99 [90–110] mmHg and 68 [59–73] mmHg. Median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was at 65 [58–69] %. Plasma citrulline level was under the normal range in 58% of patients and was positively correlated with fat mass, stroke volume, and left ventricular end diastolic volume, but not BMI.

Conclusion

Citrulline level may be an innovative associated marker of hemodynamic status in malnourished patients with AN. Further research and prospective studies are needed to elucidate the specific pathways involved.

Objective

Fasting Ramadan can affect the normal circadian pattern, especially in terms of sleep times and patterns. The objective was to analyze sleep quality and habits in diseased and healthy population using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) both during and outside of Ramadan.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 240 subjects (cardiovascular diseases [CVD], diabetes [DM]) and 120 healthy subjects. Data entry and processing were performed with R. 3.2.4 software. The significance level was 0.05.

Results

Regarding fasting, 88.33% of subjects with CVD fasted during Ramadan against 55.83% of subjects with DM (P > 0.05). PSQI results showed that subjects with CVD and DM were poor sleepers (PSQI > 5), regardless of the period during or outside Ramadan, unlike healthy subjects who had a good quality of sleep during Ramadan (PSQI ≤ 5). Sleep latency did not change for all subjects regardless of the period (P > 0.05). While the duration of sleep was always higher during Ramadan despite the population (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The observance of Ramadan influenced the potential duration of sleep, which was found to be longer during the holy month. However, no significant impact was observed on the quality of sleep of diseased subjects, nor on sleep latency for all subjects.

This study aims to assess links among chronic stress, food addiction, eating behavior and body weight in adult Algerian population. A total of 210 adult participants were included in the study. Perceived Stress Scale PSS-10 was used to assess chronic stress. Subjects were divided into groups with low, moderate and high levels of stress. The Yale Food Addiction Scale YAFS was used to assess food addiction. To evaluate daily food intake and eating behavior, repeated 24-hour recall and liking questionnaires were employed. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured. In total, 33.8%, 40.7% and 25.2% of subjects were in low, moderate and high-stress groups, respectively. Prevalence of food addiction within high, moderate and low stress groups were respectively 100%, 18.6% and 0%. Intake of energy and score preferences for sweet-fat or salty-fat foods were higher in the high-stress group. Addictive-like foods contributed 10% of total energy and 22% of simple sugars to daily dietary intake. Positive association between stress score and BMI was observed. These findings contribute to our understanding of the factors influencing caloric density food choice, weight gain and the risk of obesity among people in Algeria.