Nutrition Clinique et Metabolisme最新文献

Undernutrition is a major global health issue. In 2022, acute malnutrition affected 45 million children under the age of five, including at least 13.6 million in severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Acutely malnourished children have a high risk of mortality, of staturo-ponderal growth retardation and of co-morbidities such as diarrhea. They can also present cognitive and metabolic disorders in adulthood. SAM includes nutritional edema (kwashiorkor) and severe wasting. Management of SAM is based on the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO), updated in 2023. Diagnostic is performed through clinical exam and anthropometric criteria, as middle-upper arm circumference or weight-for-age z-score. Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) are used to treat children aged 6–59 months up to recovery. Nowadays, a particular focus on improving recovery and coverage is performed, notably through integrated/simplified protocols, formulation of alternative RUTFs or anticipation of risks of relapse for SAM children. Finally, the prevention of SAM, which is now included in WHO's guidelines, deserves greater attention by, for example, targeting nutrition of children of 6–59 months and/or nutritional quality of pregnant and lactating women.

Background

It has been proposed that zonulin, a tight junction protein regulator, is involved in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). In this regard, various studies compared the mean serum zonulin in patients with CD and healthy controls. However, this remains a subject of controversy due to contradictory results. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to summarize the findings of studies comparing CD patients’ serum zonulin levels to healthy controls.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases up to May 2022. All observational studies measured serum zonulin in adult patients with CD and healthy controls were included without language or date restrictions. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) and standard deviations were pooled using a random-effects model.

Results

Of 708 studies, six studies with 184 CD and 206 control participants were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. According to a pooled analysis, CD patients had significantly higher zonulin levels than healthy controls (SMD = 1.08 ng/mL; 95% CI = 0.64, 1.52; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses were performed according to adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD), zonulin assessment method, and CD diagnosis. The significant effect was maintained in all subgroups.

Conclusion

CD is significantly correlated with a higher level of serum zonulin. Thus, zonulin could be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of CD, which deserves further investigation.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) can affect the nutritional status of children. This study aimed to assess the daily dietary intakes (DDI) of micronutrients, as well as the frequency of consumption (FC) of different food groups, in children with ASD and compare them to those with typical development (TD). It will also determine to what extent these intakes comply with the Recommanded Dietary Allowances (RDA). The study included 52 children, 26 with ASD and 26 with TD. DDI and FC were gathered using a 7-day food diary. Among the DDI of micronutrient, only Vit B12 showed a significant difference between cases and controls, but the DDI was higher than the recommendations in both groups studied. All the children of our study sample had DDI lower than the RDA, in iron, calcium, vitamins E and K1. However, the most notable discrepancy with the recommendations was observed in iron intake (6.95 ± 2.87 mg/d vs 7.04 ± 2.98 mg/d, p > 0.05; RDA equal to 10 mg/d) primarily due to low consumption of meat products, and in calcium (406.96 mg/d vs 399.46 mg/d, p > 0.05; RDA of 1000 mg/d). Most of the children in this study had a FC of dairy products below the recommended consumption frequency. This study highlights the importance of improving dietary guidance for both groups studied, with particular attention to children with ASD to avoid any complications of ASD.

Background

The beneficial effect of coffee consumption on the progression of liver fibrosis in NASH is controversial.

Aims

To compare coffee consumption in NASH patients with and without advanced fibrosis.

Methods

Cross-sectional observational study on 97 patients with NASH diagnosed by histology or the association of steatosis, metabolic syndrome, elastometry > 6 kPa, and exclusion of other liver diseases. Usual coffee and caffeine intake were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Liver fibrosis was evaluated by elastometry (advanced fibrosis if ≥ 10 kPa).

Results

Among the 97 patients, 49 patients (51%) had non-advanced fibrosis (group 1) and 48 (49%) advanced fibrosis (group 2). The mean consumption of caffeine from coffee was 251 mg ± 293 per day in group 1 and 257 mg ± 286 per day in group 2 (P = 0.92). In multivariable analysis, the odds ratio for the mean consumption of caffeine from coffee (100 mg/d) between groups was 1.00 (1.00–1.00, P = 0.92). There was no correlation between elastometry and the consumption of caffeine from coffee.

Conclusion

We found no relationship between caffeine or coffee consumption and the degree of liver fibrosis in NASH. Our result does not support a beneficial effect of coffee consumption on the progression of fibrosis in NASH.

The microbial ecology of the human gut is made up of many different species of beneficial microorganisms, mostly bacteria. The integrity of the gut and general health are crucially dependent on these beneficial bacterial species. A variety of microbial communities reside in the human gut in symbiotic interactions, the majority of which are advantageous. According to reports, aberrant bacterial species colonization causes gut dysbiosis and serves as a catalyst for a number of human diseases. Understanding the diverse microbial species that live in the human gut and how they are related to human health and a number of disorders has been the subject of extensive research. Less research has been done on the postbiotics, such as chemistry and biochemistry, and their connections to human health. Postbiotics are defined as non-viable microbial cells, metabolic metabolites, and their microbial by-products released after lysis. Understanding the postbiotic landscape is essential to determining its source and method of synthesis, whether natural or artificial. Therefore, it is crucial to profile the ecology of the gut's microbes as well as the habitat since these factors have an impact on the postbiotic metabolites that are created. In order to relate human health and disease based on postbiotic rather than microbial species, it will be more important to address specific metabolites. The present study stresses the importance of gut microbial ecology in human physiology and health. Postbiotics profiles may be helpful in gaining access to gut ecology, and these molecular markers may act as early diagnostic tools for a variety of disorders. The most recent studies show that postbiotics increase immunological function, allergic reactions, neurological diseases, acute and chronic diarrhoea, and immune function. In the future, effort can be made to develop a quantitative-effect relationship evaluation method that is more rational, scientific, and better to give stronger support for the healthy and long-term development of postbiotic preparations.