Nutrition Clinique et Metabolisme最新文献

At the Asl Napoli 3 SUD a local, regional and national level analysis of prescription and spending related to the prescription and dispensing of drugs intended to increase vitamin D levels in the human body was carried out. The Italian Pharmacy Regulatory Agency (AIFA) in late 2019 introduced a prescriptive note of appropriateness (note 96) to regulate the prescribing activity of a drug that is widely used on the Italian national population, significantly affecting spending by the National Health System (NHS). Despite this action there has been an increase in prescription and expenditure of calcifediol at all levels of analysis (national, regional and local) while regarding the remaining Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) referring to drugs used as vitamin D supplement in the Campania Region and at the Asl Napoli 3 SUD there is a slower decrease in expenditure and prescription, sometimes even increasing and in countertendency to the Italian national average. For these reasons, the Campania Region instituted two executive decrees (DD 405/2021 and 91/2022) that led to a marked reduction in spending and prescription in 2022 even higher than in other Italian regional realities. This analysis aims to show how vitamin D prescription is widespread and often inappropriate, attested by wide regional variability. In addition, the main recommendations for the use of these drugs are highlighted in order to raise awareness among all healthcare professionals of the informed use of these molecules ensuring sustainability and governance.

Heavy metals are contaminants hazardously affecting the animals’ and humans’ health since they are extensively utilized in the industry where proper physical activity and consuming antioxidant ingredients can be an appropriate solution for decreasing the resultant damages. This work deals with assessing the effects of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) petal extract (SPE) along with eight weeks of interval training on the cytotoxicity of lead (Pb) investigated in exposed adult male mice. SPE reduced the toxic effects of Pb that were indicated by the MTT assay. The morphological alterations of Pb-treated cells were found by fluorescent and normal microscopes when it was co-incubated with SPE. Accordingly, the 50% inhibitory concentration and the 50% lethal dose were calculated. The adult male mice were randomly placed into seven groups (six mice/group) of positive and negative controls, interval training group (Exr), Exr & Pb, SPE, SPE & Pb, and Exr & SPE & Pb treated groups. From the results, SPE did not affect catalase (CAT) activity, but it induced a significant increment of antioxidant enzyme SOD and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) is reduced remarkably in the brain. In the last part of the research, mice were exposed to the behavioral tasks examined by step-through ORT, MWM, and YM tests. Having interval training and SPE consumption could reverse the most defective behavioral indicators that may be protecting potential agents inspiringly to the Pb toxicity in the areas with higher heavy metals pollution.

Objective

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common inherited metabolic disorder with an elevated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The effects of coffee on FH individuals remain unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the association between coffee consumption and ASCVD and mortality in adults with clinical diagnosed FH.

Material and methods

Cross-sectional and prospective (up to December 31st, 2019) analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018. Coffee consumption was calculated by 24-hour dietary recalls. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and Cox analysis were performed to evaluated the relationship between coffee consumption and ASCVD and all-cause mortality.

Results

A total of 1008 FH individuals with coffee information were included and were categorized into four groups: 357 (35.42%) did not consume coffee on a regular basis, 390 (38.69%) consumed 0.5–3 cups per day, 141 (13.99%) consumed 3–5 cups per day and 120 (11.90%) ≥5 cups per day. Higher coffee or caffeine consumption was associated with elevated risk of ASCVD and heart attack. Compared to non-coffee drinkers, ≥5 cups coffee drinking was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (multivariate HR: 1.67, 95%CI: 1.02–2.73, P = 0.04). The risk of all-cause death increased dose-dependently along with the higher coffee or caffeine intake (P < 0.05). The results remained similar among those who excluded non-coffee drinkers.

Conclusion

Coffee consumption of up to five cups per day was associated with unfavorable ASCVD and all-cause mortality, suggesting that high coffee consumption should be avoided among patients with FH.

Non-professional caregivers provide assistance to patients losing their autonomy for some or all of the actions of daily life on a regular and frequent basis. Home artificial nutrition is a healthcare situation where the role of non-professional caregivers can be crucial. Non-professional caregiver burden, a concept initially developed for geriatrics, has been described and analyzed both among non-professional caregivers of enteral nutrition patients and, more recently, among those who support parenteral nutrition patients. In this article, we offer a literature review and an ethical perspective on this difficult social subject.

Background

Immuno-nutrition administers specific nutrients to improve host defences, in particular supporting the immune system. Given the high invasiveness of some spine operations, strengthening the immune response could effectively balance the surgical stress and boost resilience. However, it is not clear what are the early molecular signatures after the consumption of immuno-modulatory nutrients.

Materials and methods

In the context of nutritional prehabilitation, we present the case of a lady with scoliosis scheduled for surgery who was administered immuno-nutrition preoperatively and tested for acute changes in 200 biomolecules after two and four hours.

Results

After four hours, we mainly observed 30-fold increase in IL-10, 10-fold increase in IL-18 inhibitory protein, 6-fold increase in IL-1 inhibitory receptor, 12-fold decrease in IL-2 receptor, and 51-fold decrease in IL-23. Gene ontology annotations showed the involvement of genes regulating cytokine activity, response to external organisms, humoral and adaptive response, and lymphocyte immunity.

Conclusion

Overall, the trends over the first four hours showed a positive shift of the cytokine balance in favour of anti-inflammatory mediators while keeping active the cell-mediated immunity. The use of immuno-nutrition for prehabilitation patients could prove useful to patients but benefits from chronic consumption and surgical outcomes remain to be determined.

Undernutrition is a major global health issue. In 2022, acute malnutrition affected 45 million children under the age of five, including at least 13.6 million in severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Acutely malnourished children have a high risk of mortality, of staturo-ponderal growth retardation and of co-morbidities such as diarrhea. They can also present cognitive and metabolic disorders in adulthood. SAM includes nutritional edema (kwashiorkor) and severe wasting. Management of SAM is based on the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO), updated in 2023. Diagnostic is performed through clinical exam and anthropometric criteria, as middle-upper arm circumference or weight-for-age z-score. Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) are used to treat children aged 6–59 months up to recovery. Nowadays, a particular focus on improving recovery and coverage is performed, notably through integrated/simplified protocols, formulation of alternative RUTFs or anticipation of risks of relapse for SAM children. Finally, the prevention of SAM, which is now included in WHO's guidelines, deserves greater attention by, for example, targeting nutrition of children of 6–59 months and/or nutritional quality of pregnant and lactating women.

Background

It has been proposed that zonulin, a tight junction protein regulator, is involved in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). In this regard, various studies compared the mean serum zonulin in patients with CD and healthy controls. However, this remains a subject of controversy due to contradictory results. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to summarize the findings of studies comparing CD patients’ serum zonulin levels to healthy controls.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases up to May 2022. All observational studies measured serum zonulin in adult patients with CD and healthy controls were included without language or date restrictions. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) and standard deviations were pooled using a random-effects model.

Results

Of 708 studies, six studies with 184 CD and 206 control participants were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. According to a pooled analysis, CD patients had significantly higher zonulin levels than healthy controls (SMD = 1.08 ng/mL; 95% CI = 0.64, 1.52; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses were performed according to adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD), zonulin assessment method, and CD diagnosis. The significant effect was maintained in all subgroups.

Conclusion

CD is significantly correlated with a higher level of serum zonulin. Thus, zonulin could be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of CD, which deserves further investigation.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) can affect the nutritional status of children. This study aimed to assess the daily dietary intakes (DDI) of micronutrients, as well as the frequency of consumption (FC) of different food groups, in children with ASD and compare them to those with typical development (TD). It will also determine to what extent these intakes comply with the Recommanded Dietary Allowances (RDA). The study included 52 children, 26 with ASD and 26 with TD. DDI and FC were gathered using a 7-day food diary. Among the DDI of micronutrient, only Vit B12 showed a significant difference between cases and controls, but the DDI was higher than the recommendations in both groups studied. All the children of our study sample had DDI lower than the RDA, in iron, calcium, vitamins E and K1. However, the most notable discrepancy with the recommendations was observed in iron intake (6.95 ± 2.87 mg/d vs 7.04 ± 2.98 mg/d, p > 0.05; RDA equal to 10 mg/d) primarily due to low consumption of meat products, and in calcium (406.96 mg/d vs 399.46 mg/d, p > 0.05; RDA of 1000 mg/d). Most of the children in this study had a FC of dairy products below the recommended consumption frequency. This study highlights the importance of improving dietary guidance for both groups studied, with particular attention to children with ASD to avoid any complications of ASD.