Pub Date : 2020-06-19eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.6028/jres.125.018
David P Hoogerheide
{"title":"PPDiffuse: A Quantitative Prediction Tool for Diffusion of Charged Polymers in a Nanopore.","authors":"David P Hoogerheide","doi":"10.6028/jres.125.018","DOIUrl":"10.6028/jres.125.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"125018"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42320700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.6028/jres.125.016
Vincent D Lee, Daniel Sawyer, Bala Muralikrishnan
Performance verifications of laser tracker systems (LTSs) often rely on calibrated length artifacts that are 2.3 m in length or more, as specified in International Standards Organization (ISO) and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standards. The 2.3 m length is chosen as the minimum length that will sufficiently expose inaccuracy in LTSs. Embodiment of these artifacts often comes in the form of scale bars, fixed monuments, or a laser rail. In National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Internal Report (IR) 8016, which was published in 2014 and discusses interim testing of LTSs, it was shown that a scale bar with three nests spaced 1.15 m apart was sufficient for exposing errors in LTSs. In that case, the LTS was placed symmetrically with respect to the scale bar so that both a 2.3 m symmetrical length and a 1.15 m asymmetrical length were presented to the LTS. This paper will evaluate whether a scale bar that is only 1.15 m in length can sufficiently expose errors within the LTS when it is stitched together to create a 2.3 m long test length.
{"title":"Improvised Long Test Lengths via Stitching Scale Bar Method: Interim Testing of Laser Trackers.","authors":"Vincent D Lee, Daniel Sawyer, Bala Muralikrishnan","doi":"10.6028/jres.125.016","DOIUrl":"10.6028/jres.125.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Performance verifications of laser tracker systems (LTSs) often rely on calibrated length artifacts that are 2.3 m in length or more, as specified in International Standards Organization (ISO) and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standards. The 2.3 m length is chosen as the minimum length that will sufficiently expose inaccuracy in LTSs. Embodiment of these artifacts often comes in the form of scale bars, fixed monuments, or a laser rail. In National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Internal Report (IR) 8016, which was published in 2014 and discusses interim testing of LTSs, it was shown that a scale bar with three nests spaced 1.15 m apart was sufficient for exposing errors in LTSs. In that case, the LTS was placed symmetrically with respect to the scale bar so that both a 2.3 m symmetrical length and a 1.15 m asymmetrical length were presented to the LTS. This paper will evaluate whether a scale bar that is only 1.15 m in length can sufficiently expose errors within the LTS when it is stitched together to create a 2.3 m long test length.</p>","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":"125 ","pages":"125016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11374359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated the influence of the state of wear of Charpy machine anvils on test results byperforming impact tests on NIST specimens of three energy levels with a machine equipped with new anvils (compliant with both ASTM E23 [1] and ISO 148-2 [2]) and worn anvils (anvil corner radii and distance outside ASTM tolerances, but within ISO tolerances). The results obtained, statistically analyzed, unequivocally show that worn anvils tend to increase absorbed energy at all energy levels. On the other hand, data variability does not appear to be significantly affected by anvil wear. This study represents NIST contribution to an international effort spearheaded by the Japan Iron and Steel Federation Standardization Center (Tokyo, Japan).
{"title":"Influence of Machine Anvil Wear on Charpy Test Results","authors":"E. Lucon, R. Santoyo","doi":"10.6028/jres.125.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.125.015","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the influence of the state of wear of Charpy machine anvils on\u0000 test results byperforming impact tests on NIST specimens of three energy levels with a\u0000 machine equipped with new anvils (compliant with both ASTM E23 [1] and ISO 148-2 [2])\u0000 and worn anvils (anvil corner radii and distance outside ASTM tolerances, but within ISO\u0000 tolerances). The results obtained, statistically analyzed, unequivocally show that worn\u0000 anvils tend to increase absorbed energy at all energy levels. On the other hand, data\u0000 variability does not appear to be significantly affected by anvil wear. This study\u0000 represents NIST contribution to an international effort spearheaded by the Japan Iron\u0000 and Steel Federation Standardization Center (Tokyo, Japan).","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42024360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Calibration services for resistance metrology have continued to advance their capabilities and establish new and improved methods for maintaining standard resistors. Despite the high quality of these methods, there still exist inherent limitations to the number of simultaneous, measurable resistors and the temperature stability of their air environment. In that context, we report progress on the design, development, and initial testing of a precise temperature-control chamber for standard resistors that can provide a constant-temperature environment with a stability of ± 6 m°C. Achieving this stability involved customizing the chamber design based on air-flow simulations. Moreover, microprocessor programming allowed the air flow to be optimized within an unsealed chamber configuration to reduce chamber temperature recovery times. Further tests were conducted to improve the stability of the control system and the efficiency of the chamber.
{"title":"Advanced Temperature-Control Chamber for Resistance Standards","authors":"S. Payagala, A. Panna, A. Rigosi, D. Jarrett","doi":"10.6028/jres.125.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.125.012","url":null,"abstract":"Calibration services for resistance metrology have continued to advance their capabilities and establish new and improved methods for maintaining standard resistors. Despite the high quality of these methods, there still exist inherent limitations to the number of simultaneous, measurable resistors and the temperature stability of their air environment. In that context, we report progress on the design, development, and initial testing of a precise temperature-control chamber for standard resistors that can provide a constant-temperature environment with a stability of ± 6 m°C. Achieving this stability involved customizing the chamber design based on air-flow simulations. Moreover, microprocessor programming allowed the air flow to be optimized within an unsealed chamber configuration to reduce chamber temperature recovery times. Further tests were conducted to improve the stability of the control system and the efficiency of the chamber.","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46845262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cross-correlation of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns was used to generate rotation, strain, and stress maps of single-crystal tetragonal barium titanate (BaTiO3) containing isolated, small, sub-micrometer a domains separated from a c-domain matrix by 90° domain boundaries. Spatial resolution of about 30 nm was demonstrated over 5 μm maps, with rotation and strain resolutions of approximately 10−4. The magnitudes of surface strains and, especially, rotations peaked within and adjacent to isolated domains at values of approximately 10−2, i.e., the tetragonal distortion of BaTiO3. The conjugate stresses between a domains peaked at about 1 GPa, and principal stress analysis suggested that stable microcrack formation in the c domain was possible. The results clearly demonstrate the applicability of EBSD to advanced multilayer ceramic capacitor reliability and strongly support the coupling between the electrical performance and underlying mechanical state of BaTiO3-containing devices.
{"title":"Microscale Mapping of Structure and Stress in Barium Titanate","authors":"J. A. Howell, M. Vaudin, L. Friedman, R. Cook","doi":"10.6028/jres.125.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.125.013","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-correlation of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns was used to generate rotation, strain, and stress maps of single-crystal tetragonal barium titanate (BaTiO3) containing isolated, small, sub-micrometer a domains separated from a c-domain matrix by 90° domain boundaries. Spatial resolution of about 30 nm was demonstrated over 5 μm maps, with rotation and strain resolutions of approximately 10−4. The magnitudes of surface strains and, especially, rotations peaked within and adjacent to isolated domains at values of approximately 10−2, i.e., the tetragonal distortion of BaTiO3. The conjugate stresses between a domains peaked at about 1 GPa, and principal stress analysis suggested that stable microcrack formation in the c domain was possible. The results clearly demonstrate the applicability of EBSD to advanced multilayer ceramic capacitor reliability and strongly support the coupling between the electrical performance and underlying mechanical state of BaTiO3-containing devices.","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.6028/jres.125.013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43919509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, I used standard statistical tools (such as the various forms of the two-sample Allan variance) to characterize the clocks in computers, and I show how the results of this study are used to design algorithms to synchronize the computer clocks. These synchronization algorithms can be used to synchronize the time of a computer to a local reference clock or to a remote server. The algorithms by themselves are not intended to be a simple replacement for software that implements the Network Time Protocol (NTP) or any other similar application. Instead, they describe the statistical principles that should be used to design an algorithm to synchronize any computer clock by using data from any external reference received in any format. These algorithms have been used to synchronize the clocks of the computers that support the Internet Time Service operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and I illustrate the performance of the algorithm with real-time data from these servers. In addition to presenting the design principles of the algorithm, I illustrate the principles with two specific examples: synchronizing a computer clock to a local reference signal, and the design of a synchronization process that is based on time-difference data received from a remote server over the public Internet. The message exchange between the local system and the remote server in this configuration is realized in NTP format, but that is not a fundamental requirement.
{"title":"The Statistics of Computer Clocks and the Design of Synchronization Algorithms","authors":"J. Levine","doi":"10.6028/jres.125.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.125.008","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, I used standard statistical tools (such as the various forms of the two-sample Allan variance) to characterize the clocks in computers, and I show how the results of this study are used to design algorithms to synchronize the computer clocks. These synchronization algorithms can be used to synchronize the time of a computer to a local reference clock or to a remote server. The algorithms by themselves are not intended to be a simple replacement for software that implements the Network Time Protocol (NTP) or any other similar application. Instead, they describe the statistical principles that should be used to design an algorithm to synchronize any computer clock by using data from any external reference received in any format. These algorithms have been used to synchronize the clocks of the computers that support the Internet Time Service operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and I illustrate the performance of the algorithm with real-time data from these servers. In addition to presenting the design principles of the algorithm, I illustrate the principles with two specific examples: synchronizing a computer clock to a local reference signal, and the design of a synchronization process that is based on time-difference data received from a remote server over the public Internet. The message exchange between the local system and the remote server in this configuration is realized in NTP format, but that is not a fundamental requirement.","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46191885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanofabrication/characterization facilities enable research and development activities across a host of science and engineering disciplines. The collection of tools and supporting infrastructure necessary to construct, image, and measure micro- and nanoscale materials, devices, and systems is complex and expensive to establish, and it is costly to maintain and optimize. As a result, these facilities are typically operated in a shared-use mode. We discuss the key factors that must be considered to successfully create and sustain such facilities. These include the need for long-term vision and institutional commitment, and the hands-on involvement of managers in facility operations. We consider startup, operating, and recapitalization costs, together with algorithms for cost recovery and tool-time allocation. The acquisition of detailed and comprehensive project and tool-utilization data is essential for understanding and optimizing facility operations. Only such a data-driven decision-making approach can maximize facility impact on institutional goals. We illustrate these concepts using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) NanoFab as our test case, but the methodologies and resources presented here should be useful to all those faced with this challenging task.
{"title":"So, You Want to Have a Nanofab? Shared-Use Nanofabrication and Characterization Facilities: Cost-of-Ownership, Toolset, Utilization, and Lessons Learned","authors":"J. Liddle, Jerry Bowser, B. Ilic, V. Luciani","doi":"10.6028/jres.125.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.125.009","url":null,"abstract":"Nanofabrication/characterization facilities enable research and development activities across a host of science and engineering disciplines. The collection of tools and supporting infrastructure necessary to construct, image, and measure micro- and nanoscale materials, devices, and systems is complex and expensive to establish, and it is costly to maintain and optimize. As a result, these facilities are typically operated in a shared-use mode. We discuss the key factors that must be considered to successfully create and sustain such facilities. These include the need for long-term vision and institutional commitment, and the hands-on involvement of managers in facility operations. We consider startup, operating, and recapitalization costs, together with algorithms for cost recovery and tool-time allocation. The acquisition of detailed and comprehensive project and tool-utilization data is essential for understanding and optimizing facility operations. Only such a data-driven decision-making approach can maximize facility impact on institutional goals. We illustrate these concepts using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) NanoFab as our test case, but the methodologies and resources presented here should be useful to all those faced with this challenging task.","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46569098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-05eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.6028/jres.125.003
Peter Wills, Emanuel Knill, Kevin Coakley, Yanbao Zhang
Given a composite null hypothesis , test supermartingales are non-negative supermartingales with respect to with an initial value of . Large values of test supermartingales provide evidence against . As a result, test supermartingales are an effective tool for rejecting , particularly when the -values obtained are very small and serve as certificates against the null hypothesis. Examples include the rejection of local realism as an explanation of Bell test experiments in the foundations of physics and the certification of entanglement in quantum information science. Test supermartingales have the advantage of being adaptable during an experiment and allowing for arbitrary stopping rules. By inversion of acceptance regions, they can also be used to determine confidence sets. We used an example to compare the performance of test supermartingales for computing -values and confidence intervals to Chernoff-Hoeffding bounds and the "exact" -value. The example is the problem of inferring the probability of success in a sequence of Bernoulli trials. There is a cost in using a technique that has no restriction on stopping rules, and, for a particular test supermartingale, our study quantifies this cost.
{"title":"Performance of Test Supermartingale Confidence Intervals for the Success Probability of Bernoulli Trials.","authors":"Peter Wills, Emanuel Knill, Kevin Coakley, Yanbao Zhang","doi":"10.6028/jres.125.003","DOIUrl":"10.6028/jres.125.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given a composite null hypothesis <math><msub><mi>ℋ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math>, test supermartingales are non-negative supermartingales with respect to <math><msub><mi>ℋ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math> with an initial value of <math><mn>1</mn></math>. Large values of test supermartingales provide evidence against <math><msub><mi>ℋ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math>. As a result, test supermartingales are an effective tool for rejecting <math><msub><mi>ℋ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math>, particularly when the <math><mi>p</mi></math>-values obtained are very small and serve as certificates against the null hypothesis. Examples include the rejection of local realism as an explanation of Bell test experiments in the foundations of physics and the certification of entanglement in quantum information science. Test supermartingales have the advantage of being adaptable during an experiment and allowing for arbitrary stopping rules. By inversion of acceptance regions, they can also be used to determine confidence sets. We used an example to compare the performance of test supermartingales for computing <math><mi>p</mi></math>-values and confidence intervals to Chernoff-Hoeffding bounds and the \"exact\" <math><mi>p</mi></math>-value. The example is the problem of inferring the probability of success in a sequence of Bernoulli trials. There is a cost in using a technique that has no restriction on stopping rules, and, for a particular test supermartingale, our study quantifies this cost.</p>","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"125003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10857825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48652909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties is a collection of thermodynamic properties, published in book form, consisting of 103 tables with 14 330 critically evaluated species. The tables were originally published as a series of NBS Technical Notes As a result of this work, the data is now available in a more accessible spreadsheet format. Enthalpy of formation, ΔfH°, Gibbs energy of formation, ΔfG°, entropy, S°, heat capacity at constant pressure, Cp°, all at 298.15 K, and the enthalpy difference, [H°(298) – H°(0)] are provided where known. Within this collection of data, there are no values given for transuranic elements, Np to Lr (Tables 77–87).
{"title":"Digitizing \"The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units\"","authors":"J. J. Reed","doi":"10.6028/jres.125.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.125.007","url":null,"abstract":"The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties is a collection of\u0000 thermodynamic properties, published in book form, consisting of 103 tables with 14 330\u0000 critically evaluated species. The tables were originally published as a series of NBS\u0000 Technical Notes As a result of this work, the data is now available in a more accessible\u0000 spreadsheet format. Enthalpy of formation, ΔfH°, Gibbs energy of formation, ΔfG°,\u0000 entropy, S°, heat capacity at constant pressure, Cp°, all at 298.15 K, and the enthalpy\u0000 difference, [H°(298) – H°(0)] are provided where known. Within this collection of data,\u0000 there are no values given for transuranic elements, Np to Lr (Tables 77–87).","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.6028/jres.125.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43801883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Heigel, B. Lane, L. Levine, T. Phan, J. Whiting
This document provides details on the files available for download in the data set “In situ thermography of the metal bridge structures fabricated for the 2018 Additive Manufacturing Benchmark Test Series (AM-Bench 2018).” The experiments were performed to support the 2018 AM-Bench1 Class 01 experiments consisting of metal three-dimensional (3D) builds. The modeling community was invited to predict the following: (1) part deflection, (2) residual elastic strains, (3) microstructure, (4) phase fractions, and (5) phase evolution. Details for these proposed challenges and the postprocess measurement results can be found at their respective links on the AM-Bench website.
{"title":"In Situ Thermography of the Metal Bridge Structures Fabricated for the 2018 Additive Manufacturing Benchmark Test Series (AM-Bench 2018)","authors":"J. Heigel, B. Lane, L. Levine, T. Phan, J. Whiting","doi":"10.6028/jres.125.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.125.005","url":null,"abstract":"This document provides details on the files available for download in the data set “In situ thermography of the metal bridge structures fabricated for the 2018 Additive Manufacturing Benchmark Test Series (AM-Bench 2018).” The experiments were performed to support the 2018 AM-Bench1 Class 01 experiments consisting of metal three-dimensional (3D) builds. The modeling community was invited to predict the following: (1) part deflection, (2) residual elastic strains, (3) microstructure, (4) phase fractions, and (5) phase evolution. Details for these proposed challenges and the postprocess measurement results can be found at their respective links on the AM-Bench website.","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.6028/jres.125.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45478316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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