Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging最新文献

英文中文

A vegan dietary pattern is associated with high prevalence of inadequate protein intake in older adults; a simulation study 素食模式与老年人蛋白质摄入不足的高发率有关；一项模拟研究

IF 4.3 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100361

Jos W. Borkent , Pol Grootswagers , Joost Linschooten , Annet J.C. Roodenburg , Marga Ocké , Marian A.E. de van der Schueren

Background

A more sustainable diet with fewer animal-based products has a lower ecological impact but might lead to a lower protein quantity and quality. The extent to which shifting to more plant-based diets impacts the adequacy of protein intake in older adults needs to be studied.

Objectives

We simulated how a transition towards a more plant-based diet (flexitarian, pescetarian, vegetarian, or vegan) affects protein availability in the diets of older adults.

Setting

Community.

Participants

Data from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2019–2021 of community-dwelling older adults (n = 607) was used

Measurements

Food consumption data was collected via two 24 -h dietary recalls per participant. Protein availability was expressed as total protein, digestible protein, and utilizable protein (based on digestibility corrected amino acid score) intake. The percentage below estimated average requirements (EAR) for utilizable protein was assessed using an adjusted EAR.

Results

Compared to the original diet (∼62% animal-based), utilizable protein intake decreased by about 5% in the flexitarian, pescetarian and vegetarian scenarios. In the vegan scenario, both total protein intake and utilizable protein were lower, leading to nearly 50% less utilizable protein compared to the original diet. In the original diet, the protein intake of 7.5% of men and 11.1% of women did not meet the EAR. This slightly increased in the flexitarian, pescetarian, and vegetarian scenarios. In the vegan scenario, 83.3% (both genders) had a protein intake below EAR.

Conclusions

Replacing animal-based protein sources with plant-based food products in older adults reduces both protein quantity and quality, albeit minimally in non-vegan plant-rich diets. In a vegan scenario, the risk of an inadequate protein intake is imminent.

背景减少动物性食品的可持续饮食对生态的影响较小，但可能导致蛋白质的数量和质量下降。我们模拟了向更多植物性膳食（柔性膳食、鱼类膳食、素食或纯素膳食）过渡如何影响老年人膳食中蛋白质的可用性。蛋白质可用性以总蛋白质、可消化蛋白质和可利用蛋白质（基于消化率校正氨基酸评分）摄入量表示。结果与最初的饮食（动物性食物占 62%）相比，灵活饮食、鱼类饮食和素食者的可利用蛋白质摄入量减少了约 5%。在素食方案中，总蛋白质摄入量和可利用蛋白质摄入量都较低，导致可利用蛋白质摄入量比原来的饮食减少近 50%。在原始饮食中，7.5%的男性和 11.1%的女性蛋白质摄入量不符合 EAR 标准。在灵活饮食、鱼类饮食和素食方案中，这一比例略有上升。结论老年人以植物性食品取代动物性蛋白质来源会降低蛋白质的数量和质量，尽管在非素食的富含植物性食品中降低幅度很小。在素食情况下，蛋白质摄入不足的风险迫在眉睫。

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引用次数: 0

IF 4.3 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100351

Midori Ishikawa , Tetsuji Yokoyama , Osamu Hemmi

Background

To provide seamless nutritional support from early adulthood to late adulthood in Japan, this study aimed to identify aging-related changes in protein and fat intake and meal types.

Methods

Birth cohort analysis was conducted in this study. The protein intake, protein-to-energy ratio, fat intake, and fat-to-energy ratio in men and women from their 20s to 60s in 2001 was calculated using the data of the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan between 2001 and 2019 (n = 139,876, 47.0% men, mean age: 54.9 and 55.4 years for men and women, respectively). The intakes were calculated for every subsequent year, the aging-related changes were identified by age group, and the 99 food groups were classified into staple-focused meal types through factor analysis. The weighted average component value per 1 g of each food group was calculated, multiplied by the food weight, and totaled to determine the mean intake by meal type and to confirm the aging-related changes. The year when the slope changed before and after was identified through Joinpoint regression analysis.

Results

The protein intake, protein-to-energy ratio, fat intake, and fat-to-energy ratio initially declined or remained unchanged with aging in almost all generations (20s to 60s in 2001) but began to increase after 8–15 years. The food groups were classified into rice, noodle, and bread types. The protein and fat intake from the noodle type initially showed a decreasing trend but began to increase with aging after 8–15 years in almost all generations in both sexes (p < 0.05 for difference in slope).

Conclusions

The increase of protein intake and protein-to-energy ratio and fat intake and fat-to-energy ratio over time observed among Japanese adults may be related to the increased intake of food groups from noodle type meals. Thus, considering the type of staple food (i.e., rice, noodles, or bread) and its combination with other foods when adhering to a balanced diet is necessary.

背景为了在日本提供从成年早期到成年晚期的无缝营养支持，本研究旨在确定蛋白质和脂肪摄入量以及膳食类型与年龄增长有关的变化。利用 2001 年至 2019 年期间日本全国健康与营养调查的数据（n = 139,876 人，男性占 47.0%，男性和女性的平均年龄分别为 54.9 岁和 55.4 岁），计算了 2001 年 20 多岁至 60 多岁男性和女性的蛋白质摄入量、蛋白质与能量之比、脂肪摄入量和脂肪与能量之比。随后每年计算摄入量，按年龄组确定与老龄化相关的变化，并通过因子分析将 99 种食物分为以主食为主的膳食类型。计算每种食物组每 1 克食物的加权平均成分值，乘以食物重量，合计得出各膳食类型的平均摄入量，并确认与老龄化相关的变化。结果几乎所有世代（2001 年为 20 至 60 岁）的蛋白质摄入量、蛋白质与能量之比、脂肪摄入量和脂肪与能量之比最初都随着年龄的增长而下降或保持不变，但在 8 至 15 年后开始上升。食物种类分为米饭、面条和面包。结论在日本成年人中观察到的蛋白质摄入量和蛋白质能量比以及脂肪摄入量和脂肪能量比随着时间的推移而增加，可能与面条类膳食中食物组的摄入量增加有关。因此，在坚持均衡饮食时，有必要考虑主食的种类（即米饭、面条或面包）及其与其他食物的搭配。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of quality of life of older adults living in foster families versus nursing homes. Results from the KASA studies 寄养家庭与养老院老年人生活质量的比较。KASA 研究结果

IF 4.3 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100358

Denis Boucaud-Maitre , Nadine Simo , Roxane Villeneuve , Michel Bonnet , Moustapha Dramé , Maturin Tabué-Teguo

Objectives

Professional foster families for dependent older adults could be an alternative to nursing homes. Engagement in the family life and close contact with a single reference person could enhance their quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to compare the Health-Related Quality of Life (HrQOL) and subjective QOL among older adults living in foster families versus those in nursing homes.

Design

Cross-sectional analysis from twin studies conducted in foster families (the KASAF study) and nursing homes (the KASEHPAD study).

Setting and participants

Older adults (aged 60 years or older) in French Caribbean Islands living in foster families or nursing homes.

Measurements

HrQOL was measured using the EuroQol-five dimensions (EQ5D-3L) and QOL was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (QOL-VAS). For older adults unable to complete these scales, proxy EQ-5D-3L assessments were conducted by paramedical staff or foster caregivers.

Results

A total of 439 older adults, with 107 in foster families and 332 in nursing homes were included. Participants living in foster families were less often male, had less often hypertension, were more dependent or physical impaired and had lower score of cognition. In multivariate analyses, factors associated with low self-reported HRQoL (n = 240) were Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (β: −0.011; p = 0.003) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score (β: 0.014; p < 0.001). A lower QOL-VAS score (n = 150) was associated with living in a nursing home compared to living in a foster family (β: −19.48 points; p < 0.001) and with the ADL score (2.94 points; p = 0.019). In older adults with major cognitive disorders, the only factor associated with low proxy EQ-5D proxy index score (n = 136) was dependency (β: 0.167; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

HrQOL was similar between older adults living in nursing homes and foster families. Additionally, older adults reported a better subjective quality of life when residing in foster families. These findings suggest that the foster family model may meet the social and environmental needs of dependent older adults for whom nursing homes are not suitable.

目标为需要照顾的老年人提供专业寄养家庭，可以替代养老院。参与家庭生活和与单一参照人的密切接触可以提高他们的生活质量（QOL）。本研究旨在比较寄养家庭与养老院中老年人的健康相关生活质量（HrQOL）和主观生活质量。地点和参与者法属加勒比群岛上生活在寄养家庭或疗养院的老年人（60 岁或以上）.测量方法使用欧洲生活质量五维度（EQ5D-3L）测量老年人的生活质量，使用视觉模拟量表（QOL-VAS）评估老年人的生活质量。对于无法完成这些量表的老年人，由医务辅助人员或寄养护理人员进行代理 EQ-5D-3L 评估。结果共纳入 439 名老年人，其中 107 人生活在寄养家庭，332 人生活在养老院。寄养家庭中的参与者男性较少，高血压患者较少，依赖性较强或身体受损较多，认知能力得分较低。在多变量分析中，与自我报告的低 HRQoL（n = 240）相关的因素是迷你精神状态检查（MMSE）得分（β：-0.011；p = 0.003）和日常生活活动（ADL）得分（β：0.014；p < 0.001）。与居住在寄养家庭相比，居住在养老院的老年人 QOL-VAS 得分（n = 150）较低（β：-19.48 分；p <；0.001），而居住在寄养家庭的老年人 QOL-VAS 得分（n = 150）较高（2.94 分；p = 0.019），而居住在养老院的老年人 QOL-VAS 得分（n = 150）较低（β：-19.48 分；p <；0.001）。在患有严重认知障碍的老年人中，唯一与低 EQ-5D 代用指数（n = 136）相关的因素是依赖性（β：0.167；p < 0.001）。此外，老年人在寄养家庭中的主观生活质量更高。这些研究结果表明，寄养家庭模式可以满足那些不适合住养老院的依赖性老年人对社会和环境的需求。

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引用次数: 0

Letter to the editor on: “Joint effects of physical frailty and traditional cardiovascular risk factor control on cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes” 致编辑的信"身体虚弱和传统心血管风险因素控制对糖尿病患者心血管疾病的共同影响"

IF 4.3 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100360

Shucheng Chen , Jiafei Jin

引用次数: 0

Sarcopenic obesity is associated with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study 中国中老年人肌肉松弛性肥胖与心脏代谢多病相关：一项横断面和纵向研究

IF 4.3 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100353

Bingyan Yu , Shize Jia , Tiantian Sun , Jieliang Liu , Junguo Jin , Shanghong Zhang , Qiyao Xiao , Haojian Dong , Yanqiu Ou

Objectives

Sarcopenic obesity (SO) has been found to increase the risk of metabolic disorders, however, its relationship with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the potential association between SO and CMM in the middle-aged and older population.

Methods

Our study subjects were from CHARLS. SO was defined as the combination of impaired grip strength (grip strength <28 kg for men and <18 kg for women) and increased body mass index (BMI ≥25 kg/m²). CMM was defined as having two or more cardiometabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, stroke, and heart disease. The participants were divided into four groups according to their sarcopenia and obesity status, and logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between SO and CMM.

Results

A total of 15,252 study subjects were included in the cross-sectional study, with an average age of 60.6 years and a male proportion of 47.4%. In the cross-sectional analysis conducted in 2015, the prevalence of CMM was highest in the SO group (9.1%), followed by the obesity (3.7%) and sarcopenia (3.5%) group. After adjustment for confounding factors, SO [OR (95%CI): 2.453 (1.742−3.455)], sarcopenia [OR (95% CI): 1.601 (1.157−2.217)], obesity [OR (95% CI): 1.446 (1.107−1.888)] were all observed to be associated with CMM, with the strongest association in the SO group. Furthermore, in the longitudinal analysis, only the SO group demonstrated a significant risk for developing CMM [OR (95% CI): 2.302 (1.239−4.228)].

Conclusions

SO was independently and positively associated with CMM in middle-aged and older population.

研究发现，肌肉松弛性肥胖（SO）会增加代谢紊乱的风险，但其与心脏代谢多病症（CMM）之间的关系仍未得到探讨。本研究旨在调查中老年人群中肥胖症与 CMM 之间的潜在关联。SO定义为握力受损（男性握力为28公斤，女性握力为18公斤）和体重指数增加（BMI≥25 kg/m2）。CMM的定义是患有两种或两种以上的心脏代谢疾病，包括糖尿病、中风和心脏病。根据参与者的肌少症和肥胖状况将其分为四组，并采用逻辑回归分析法研究肌少症与 CMM 之间的关系。结果共有 15 252 名研究对象参与了横断面研究，平均年龄为 60.6 岁，男性比例为 47.4%。在2015年进行的横断面分析中，SO组的CMM发病率最高（9.1%），其次是肥胖组（3.7%）和肌肉疏松组（3.5%）。在对混杂因素进行调整后，观察到SO组[OR（95%CI）：2.453（1.742-3.455）]、肌肉疏松组[OR（95%CI）：1.601（1.157-2.217）]、肥胖组[OR（95%CI）：1.446（1.107-1.888）]均与CMM相关，其中SO组的相关性最强。此外，在纵向分析中，只有SO组显示出罹患CMM的显著风险[OR（95% CI）：2.302（1.239-4.228）]。

{"title":"Sarcopenic obesity is associated with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study","authors":"Bingyan Yu , Shize Jia , Tiantian Sun , Jieliang Liu , Junguo Jin , Shanghong Zhang , Qiyao Xiao , Haojian Dong , Yanqiu Ou","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Sarcopenic obesity (SO) has been found to increase the risk of metabolic disorders, however, its relationship with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the potential association between SO and CMM in the middle-aged and older population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Our study subjects were from CHARLS. SO was defined as the combination of impaired grip strength (grip strength <28 kg for men and <18 kg for women) and increased body mass index (BMI ≥25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). CMM was defined as having two or more cardiometabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, stroke, and heart disease. The participants were divided into four groups according to their sarcopenia and obesity status, and logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between SO and CMM.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 15,252 study subjects were included in the cross-sectional study, with an average age of 60.6 years and a male proportion of 47.4%. In the cross-sectional analysis conducted in 2015, the prevalence of CMM was highest in the SO group (9.1%), followed by the obesity (3.7%) and sarcopenia (3.5%) group. After adjustment for confounding factors, SO [OR (95%CI): 2.453 (1.742−3.455)], sarcopenia [OR (95% CI): 1.601 (1.157−2.217)], obesity [OR (95% CI): 1.446 (1.107−1.888)] were all observed to be associated with CMM, with the strongest association in the SO group. Furthermore, in the longitudinal analysis, only the SO group demonstrated a significant risk for developing CMM [OR (95% CI): 2.302 (1.239−4.228)].</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>SO was independently and positively associated with CMM in middle-aged and older population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"28 10","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770724004408/pdfft?md5=4fe4b14d0059691cb74ae24f45723a9f&pid=1-s2.0-S1279770724004408-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of novel anthropometric indices with all-cause mortality in hypertensive patients: Evidence from NHANES 2007–2018 新型人体测量指数与高血压患者全因死亡率的关系：来自 2007-2018 年国家健康调查（NHANES）的证据

IF 4.3 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100356

Shanshan Jia , Lu Liu , Xingwei Huo, Lirong Sun, Xiaoping Chen

引用次数: 0

The association between weight-adjusted waist index and frailty defined by Fried's Frailty Phenotype among Chinese people 中国人体重调整后腰围指数与弗里德虚弱表型所定义的虚弱之间的关系。

IF 4.3 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100350

Xiao-Ming Zhang , Lihuan Chen , Xin You , Aizhang Zhu , Jiang Wang , Rui Zeng , Fayi Xie , Dongmei Ye , Wan Zhu , Ke Zhu , Tenghui Fan , Yunzhi Yang , Wen-wu Zhang , Conghua Wang

引用次数: 0

The relationship between mineral mixture intake and cognitive function in older US adults: a cross-sectional NHANES study 美国老年人矿物质混合物摄入量与认知功能之间的关系：一项横断面 NHANES 研究。

IF 4.3 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100355

Yan Zhuang , Laifu Li , Yanqi Zhang , Fei Dai , Jingyan Sun

引用次数: 0

Integrating precision health with multidomain interventions to advance strategies for healthy aging 将精准健康与多领域干预相结合，推进健康老龄化战略。

IF 4.3 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100354

Liang-Kung Chen

引用次数: 0

Analysis of combinatory effects of free weight resistance training and a high-protein diet on body composition and strength capacity in postmenopausal women - A 12-week randomized controlled trial 分析自由重量阻力训练和高蛋白饮食对绝经后妇女身体成分和力量能力的综合影响 - 一项为期 12 周的随机对照试验

IF 4.3 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100349

Paulina Ioannidou , Zsuzsanna Dóró , Jan Schalla , Wim Wätjen , Patrick Diel , Eduard Isenmann

Background

Menopause has a significant impact on the endocrine system of middle-aged women, resulting in a loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM), changes in fat mass (FM) and a reduction in strength capacity. Resistance training (RT) and a high-protein diet (HPD) are effective methods for maintaining or increasing SMM. This study aims to determine the effects of HPD and RT on body composition, muscle thickness and strength capacity in postmenopausal women.

Methods

In total 55 healthy postmenopausal women (age: 58.2 ± 5.6 years, weight 69.1 ± 9.6 kg, height 166.5 ± 6.5 cm) successfully participated in the study. The women were randomly assigned to either group: training + protein (2.5 g/kg fat-free mass (FFM)) (n = 15; TP); only training (n = 12; T); only protein (2.5 g/kg FFM) (n = 14; CP) or control (n = 14; C). TP and T performed RT for 12 weeks with three training sessions and five exercises each. CP and C were prohibited from training during the period. The main parameters analysed for body composition were FFM, SMM, FM, muscle thickness of the M. rectus femoris, M. biceps femoris, M. triceps brachii and M. biceps brachii muscles. Strength was tested using a dynamometer for grip strength and 1-RM in the squat (BBS) and deadlift (DL).

Results

The SMM significantly increased by RT (TP: (Δ+1.4 ± 0.9 kg; p < 0.05; d = 0.4; T: Δ+1.2 ± 1.3kg; p < 0.05; d = 0.3) and FM could be reduced only in T: (Δ−2.4 ± 2.9 kg; p < 0.05; d = 0.3). In muscle thickness a significant increase in the M. biceps brachii in both training groups (TP: (Δ+0.4 ± 0.3 cm; p < 0.05; d = 1.6; T: (Δ+0.3 ± 0.3 cm; p < 0.05; d = 0.9) and in M. biceps femoris only in TP (Δ+0.3 ± 0.4 cm; p < 0.05; d = 0.9) were observed. HPD without training does not affect body composition, A significant increase in grip strength (TP: Δ+4.7 ± 2.4 kg; (p < 0.05; d = 1.5; T: (Δ+3.6 ± 3.0 kg; p < 0.05; d = 0.8), in BBS (TP: (Δ+30.0 ± 14.2 kg; p < 0.05; d = 1.5; T: (Δ+34.0 ± 12.0 kg; p < 0.05; d = 2.4) and in DL (TP: (Δ+20.8 ± 10.3 kg; p < 0.05; d = 1.6; T: (Δ+22.1 ± 7.6 kg; p < 0.05; d = 2.0) was observed in both training groups. The CP also recorded a significant increase in the BBS (Δ+7.5 ± 5.4 kg; p < 0.05; d = 0.4) and in DL (Δ+5.5 ± 7.7 kg; p < 0.05; d = 0.5). No significant differences were detected for TP and T for any of the parameters.

Conclusion

The results indicate that RT enhances body composition and strength capacity in postmenopausal women and is a preventive strategy against muscle atrophy. Besides HPD without training has a trivial significant effect on BBS and DL. HPD with RT has no clear additive effect on body composition and strength capacity. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations.

背景绝经对中年女性的内分泌系统有重大影响，导致骨骼肌质量（SMM）减少、脂肪量（FM）变化和力量能力下降。阻力训练（RT）和高蛋白饮食（HPD）是维持或增加骨骼肌质量的有效方法。本研究旨在确定 HPD 和 RT 对绝经后妇女的身体成分、肌肉厚度和力量能力的影响。方法共有 55 名健康的绝经后妇女（年龄：58.2 ± 5.6 岁，体重 69.1 ± 9.6 公斤，身高 166.5 ± 6.5 厘米）成功参与了本研究。这些妇女被随机分配到以下任一组：训练+蛋白质（2.5 克/千克无脂质量（FFM））（n = 15；TP）；仅训练（n = 12；T）；仅蛋白质（2.5 克/千克无脂质量（FFM））（n = 14；CP）或对照组（n = 14；C）。TP和T进行了为期12周的RT训练，各进行了三次训练和五次练习。CP 和 C 在此期间禁止训练。身体成分分析的主要参数包括 FFM、SMM、FM，以及股直肌、股二头肌、肱三头肌和肱二头肌的肌肉厚度。使用测力计测试握力以及深蹲（BBS）和负重举（DL）的 1-RM 力量。4 ± 0.9 kg; p < 0.05; d = 0.4; T: Δ+1.2 ± 1.3 kg; p < 0.05; d = 0.3），而 FM 仅在 T: (Δ-2.4 ± 2.9 kg; p < 0.05; d = 0.3) 时才会减少。在肌肉厚度方面，两个训练组的肱二头肌（TP：(Δ+0.4 ± 0.3 cm; p < 0.05; d = 1.6；T：(Δ+0.3 ± 0.3 cm; p < 0.05; d = 0.9)和股二头肌（TP：(Δ+0.3 ± 0.4 cm; p < 0.05; d = 0.9）都有明显增加。不进行训练的 HPD 不会影响身体成分，但握力（TP：Δ+4.7 ± 2.4 kg；p <；0.05；d = 1.5；T：Δ+3.6 ± 3.0 kg；p <；0.05；d = 0.8）、BBS（TP：Δ+30.0 ± 14.2 kg; p < 0.05; d = 1.5; T: (Δ+34.0 ± 12.0 kg; p < 0.05; d = 2.4)和 DL (TP: (Δ+20.8 ± 10.3 kg; p < 0.05; d = 1.6; T: (Δ+22.1 ± 7.6 kg; p < 0.05; d = 2.0)中都观察到。CP组的BBS（Δ+7.5 ± 5.4 kg；p <；0.05；d = 0.4）和DL（Δ+5.5 ± 7.7 kg；p <；0.05；d = 0.5）也有明显增加。结果表明，RT 可增强绝经后妇女的身体成分和力量能力，是预防肌肉萎缩的一种策略。此外，不进行训练的 HPD 对 BBS 和 DL 的影响微不足道。HPD 和 RT 对身体成分和力量能力没有明显的叠加效应。要证实这些观察结果，还需要进一步的研究。

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