Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100755
Yonghao Li , Xinran Dou , Hui Li , Xuan Li , Luqin Yang , Jiawei Chen , Fengqin Zhang , Huihui Yue , Ruihan Dong , Jianhan He , Xuewen Wang , Wei Wei , Li Liu , Huilan Zhang
Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, age-related lung disease with few modifiable risk factors. While healthy dietary patterns have been associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases, their impact on IPF remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between adherence to healthy dietary patterns and incident IPF and explored whether phenotypic age acceleration mediates this association.
Methods
We analyzed 196,473 participants from the UK Biobank. Dietary intake was assessed via repeated 24 -h recall questionnaires, and adherence scores were calculated for the DASH, MEDAS, and MIND dietary patterns. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between dietary scores and incident IPF. Mediation analysis was conducted to examine the role of phenotypic age acceleration.
Results
During a median follow-up of 12.4 years, 516 IPF cases were identified. Higher adherence to all three dietary patterns was significantly associated with a reduced risk of IPF. In fully adjusted models, hazard ratios for the highest vs. lowest quartiles were 0.75 (95% CI: 0.59–0.95) for DASH, 0.53 (0.37–0.75) for MEDAS, and 0.66 (0.51–0.86) for MIND. Phenotypic age acceleration partially mediated these associations.
Conclusions
Higher dietary scores were associated with a lower risk of incident IPF, partially mediated by reduced phenotypic age acceleration. These findings suggest that promoting healthy eating habits may contribute to reducing age-related lung disease burden in older adults.
{"title":"Associations between dietary patterns and the incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A cohort study","authors":"Yonghao Li , Xinran Dou , Hui Li , Xuan Li , Luqin Yang , Jiawei Chen , Fengqin Zhang , Huihui Yue , Ruihan Dong , Jianhan He , Xuewen Wang , Wei Wei , Li Liu , Huilan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, age-related lung disease with few modifiable risk factors. While healthy dietary patterns have been associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases, their impact on IPF remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between adherence to healthy dietary patterns and incident IPF and explored whether phenotypic age acceleration mediates this association.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 196,473 participants from the UK Biobank. Dietary intake was assessed via repeated 24 -h recall questionnaires, and adherence scores were calculated for the DASH, MEDAS, and MIND dietary patterns. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between dietary scores and incident IPF. Mediation analysis was conducted to examine the role of phenotypic age acceleration.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a median follow-up of 12.4 years, 516 IPF cases were identified. Higher adherence to all three dietary patterns was significantly associated with a reduced risk of IPF. In fully adjusted models, hazard ratios for the highest vs. lowest quartiles were 0.75 (95% CI: 0.59–0.95) for DASH, 0.53 (0.37–0.75) for MEDAS, and 0.66 (0.51–0.86) for MIND. Phenotypic age acceleration partially mediated these associations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher dietary scores were associated with a lower risk of incident IPF, partially mediated by reduced phenotypic age acceleration. These findings suggest that promoting healthy eating habits may contribute to reducing age-related lung disease burden in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 2","pages":"Article 100755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100756
Tatsuya Koyama , Junko Nohara , Mieko Nakamura
Background
Frailty is a prevalent geriatric syndrome associated with risk of disability, hospitalization, and mortality. Despite nutrition and exercise playing central roles in maintaining muscle mass and function, the specific effects of nutritional guidance, distinct from supplementation, remain unclear.
Objective
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional guidance interventions on frailty in community-dwelling older adults.
Methods
A systematic search in MEDLINE (PubMed) identified relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to April 2025. Eligible studies included those with participants aged ≥65 years who received nutritional guidance, defined as dietary counseling or education without supplementation, with frailty status as the primary outcome measure. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2.0.
Results
From 211 initial records, 11 relevant RCTs were included in the analyses. The interventions varied in duration (12 weeks to 8 years), delivery (individual or group sessions), and implementers (dietitians, health professionals, or non-professionals). Short-term interventions produced mixed results, whereas long-term programs, particularly those combined with exercise, showed more consistent improvements in frailty measures. Individually tailored and professionally delivered interventions were generally more effective. However, substantial heterogeneity in intervention design, frailty definitions, and outcome measures limited comparability across studies. Few trials quantitatively assessed dietary intake, restricting mechanistic understanding.
Conclusion
Nutritional guidance can help prevent or improve frailty in older adults, especially when implemented as a long-term, individualized, and professionally delivered program, ideally combined with physical activity. Future research should adopt standardized frailty criteria, reliable dietary assessment methods, and multidisciplinary approaches to strengthen the evidence and inform sustainable strategies for healthy aging.
背景：虚弱是一种普遍的老年综合征，与残疾、住院和死亡风险相关。尽管营养和运动在维持肌肉质量和功能方面发挥着核心作用，但与补充不同，营养指导的具体效果尚不清楚。目的本系统综述旨在评价营养指导干预对社区老年人虚弱的有效性。方法在MEDLINE （PubMed）系统检索截至2025年4月发表的相关随机对照试验（RCTs）。符合条件的研究包括受试者年龄≥65岁，接受营养指导，定义为饮食咨询或无补充教育，以虚弱状态为主要结局指标的研究。偏倚风险采用Cochrane RoB 2.0进行评估。结果从211份初始记录中纳入11项相关rct。干预措施在持续时间（12周至8年）、实施（个人或小组会议）和实施人员（营养师、卫生专业人员或非专业人员）方面各不相同。短期干预产生了好坏参半的结果，而长期计划，特别是那些与运动相结合的计划，在虚弱指标上显示出更持续的改善。个别定制和专业提供的干预措施通常更有效。然而，干预设计、脆弱定义和结果测量的实质性异质性限制了研究之间的可比性。很少有试验定量评估膳食摄入量，限制了对机理的理解。结论营养指导有助于预防或改善老年人的虚弱，特别是当作为一个长期的、个性化的、专业的项目实施时，最好与体育活动相结合。未来的研究应采用标准化的衰弱标准、可靠的饮食评估方法和多学科方法，以加强证据，并为健康老龄化的可持续战略提供信息。
{"title":"Effects of nutritional guidance on frailty in older adults: A systematic review","authors":"Tatsuya Koyama , Junko Nohara , Mieko Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Frailty is a prevalent geriatric syndrome associated with risk of disability, hospitalization, and mortality. Despite nutrition and exercise playing central roles in maintaining muscle mass and function, the specific effects of nutritional guidance, distinct from supplementation, remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional guidance interventions on frailty in community-dwelling older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search in MEDLINE (PubMed) identified relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to April 2025. Eligible studies included those with participants aged ≥65 years who received nutritional guidance, defined as dietary counseling or education without supplementation, with frailty status as the primary outcome measure. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2.0.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 211 initial records, 11 relevant RCTs were included in the analyses. The interventions varied in duration (12 weeks to 8 years), delivery (individual or group sessions), and implementers (dietitians, health professionals, or non-professionals). Short-term interventions produced mixed results, whereas long-term programs, particularly those combined with exercise, showed more consistent improvements in frailty measures. Individually tailored and professionally delivered interventions were generally more effective. However, substantial heterogeneity in intervention design, frailty definitions, and outcome measures limited comparability across studies. Few trials quantitatively assessed dietary intake, restricting mechanistic understanding.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Nutritional guidance can help prevent or improve frailty in older adults, especially when implemented as a long-term, individualized, and professionally delivered program, ideally combined with physical activity. Future research should adopt standardized frailty criteria, reliable dietary assessment methods, and multidisciplinary approaches to strengthen the evidence and inform sustainable strategies for healthy aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100756"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To evaluate whether dynapenia at hospital admission predicts adverse events in older adults hospitalized for medical conditions.
Design
Prospective observational cohort study. Setting: Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Participants: 120 patients aged ≥60 years admitted for medical reasons between July and December 2024. Measurements: Handgrip strength was assessed within 48 h of admission using a JAMAR® dynamometer. Dynapenia was defined as <12 kg in men and <8 kg in women (sex-specific 25th percentile). Participants were followed for 30 days to identify adverse events, including mortality, delirium, readmission, healthcare-associated infections, pressure ulcers, and falls. Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios (HR).
Results
Median age was 74 years; 49.2% were women. Dynapenia was present in 30% of participants. During follow-up, 45 adverse events were documented: mortality (12.5%), delirium (9.2%), readmission (5.8%), and others (7.4%). Patients with dynapenia had a higher incidence of adverse outcomes (41.7% vs. 16.7%, p < 0.05). Dynapenia was independently associated with adverse events (adjusted HR 2.32; 95% CI: 1.08–4.99). Sensitivity analyses using intrapopulation tertiles and EWGSOP2 thresholds yielded consistent associations.
Conclusion
Dynapenia at admission is an independent predictor of adverse events in hospitalized older adults. Handgrip strength is a simple bedside tool that may improve early risk stratification and support targeted preventive interventions.
目的评价住院时的运动障碍是否能预测因医疗条件住院的老年人的不良事件。前瞻性观察队列研究。地点：秘鲁利马卡耶塔诺埃雷迪亚医院。参与者：2024年7月至12月因医疗原因入院的120例年龄≥60岁的患者。测量方法：入院后48小时内使用JAMAR®测力仪评估握力。动力不足的定义为男性12公斤，女性8公斤（按性别区分的第25百分位数）。参与者被随访30天，以确定不良事件，包括死亡率、谵妄、再入院、医疗保健相关感染、压疮和跌倒。Cox回归模型估计了风险比（HR）。结果中位年龄为74岁；49.2%为女性。30%的参与者存在动力缺失。在随访期间，记录了45例不良事件：死亡（12.5%）、谵妄（9.2%）、再入院（5.8%）和其他（7.4%）。运动障碍患者不良结局发生率较高（41.7% vs. 16.7%, p < 0.05）。动力不足与不良事件独立相关（调整后危险度2.32;95% CI: 1.08-4.99）。使用种群内分值和EWGSOP2阈值的敏感性分析得出了一致的关联。结论入院时动力不足是住院老年人不良事件的独立预测因素。握力是一个简单的床边工具，可以改善早期风险分层和支持有针对性的预防干预。
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Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100754
Gebretsadkan Gebremedhin Gebretsadik , Bo Yang , Andrea J. Glenn , Ai-Min Yang , Jie Li , Vicky Wai-Ki Chan , Man-Sau Wong , Simin Liu , Ka-Hei Kenneth Lo
Objectives
To examine the association of dietary Manganese (Mn) intake with type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence, total cardiovascular disease (CVD), and CVD mortality by analyzing data from the UK Biobank and conducting a meta-analysis of available prospective cohorts.
Design
Prospective analysis of a primary cohort with a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohorts.
Setting
The UK Biobank cohort and the meta-analysis of prospective cohorts.
Participants
UK Biobank participants aged 40–69 years at baseline were enrolled between 2006 and 2010 and followed until December 2022. We included 165,194 participants in T2D analytic cohort and 164,111 individuals in CVD analytic cohort. Our systematic review and meta-analysis of six studies comprised over 270,000 participants.
Exposure
Dietary manganese (Mn) intake.
Measurements
The outcome measurements were T2D incidence, total CVD, and CVD mortality. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h dietary instrument. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess associations of Mn intake with T2D and CVD risk. Effect estimates were presented in hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In meta-analysis, a pooled risk for a 1 mg/day increase in Mn intake was estimated using restricted maximum likelihood (REML).
Results
High Mn intake (Q5) was not significantly associated with lower risk of T2D as compared to Q1 (adjusted HR 0·91; 95% CI 0·82, 1.01, Ptrend = 0·07). The dose-response meta-analysis revealed a 4% reduction in T2D risk with each mg/day increase in Mn intake (pooled RR 0·96; 95% CI 0·94, 0·99), with potential non-linearity (Pnonlinear< 0.01). Q5 Mn intake was not significantly associated with reduced risk of CVD (adjusted HR 0·99; 95% CI 0·92, 1.05; Ptrend = 0·61) or CVD mortality (adjusted HR 0·85; 95% CI 0·64, 1.13; Ptrend = 0·66).
Conclusions
Our meta-analysis suggested that increasing Mn intake may lower T2D risk, potentially exhibiting a dose-response non-linear pattern, although not corroborated by UK Biobank analysis.
目的通过分析英国生物银行（UK Biobank）的数据并对现有前瞻性队列进行荟萃分析，研究膳食锰（Mn）摄入量与2型糖尿病（T2D）发病率、总心血管疾病（CVD）和CVD死亡率之间的关系。设计对主要队列进行前瞻性分析，并对前瞻性队列进行剂量-反应荟萃分析。英国生物银行队列和前瞻性队列的荟萃分析。2006年至2010年期间，基线年龄为40-69岁的suk生物银行参与者入组，随访至2022年12月。我们纳入了165,194名T2D分析队列参与者和164,111名CVD分析队列参与者。我们对六项研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析，其中包括27万多名参与者。暴露膳食中锰（Mn）的摄入量。结果测量为T2D发生率、CVD总发生率和CVD死亡率。采用24 h膳食仪评估日粮摄入量。Cox比例风险模型用于评估锰摄入量与T2D和CVD风险的关系。效果估计以95%可信区间（CI）的风险比（HR）表示。在荟萃分析中，使用限制最大似然（REML）估计了锰摄入量增加1 mg/天的综合风险。结果高锰摄入量（Q5）与T2D风险较Q1降低无显著相关性（调整后危险度0.91;95% CI 0.82, 1.01， p趋势= 0.07）。剂量-反应荟萃分析显示，锰摄入量每增加mg/天，T2D风险降低4%（合并RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94, 0.99），存在潜在的非线性（pnonlinearity < 0.01）。Q5 Mn摄入量与降低CVD风险（调整后危险度0.99;95% CI 0.92, 1.05; Ptrend = 0.61）或CVD死亡率（调整后危险度0.85;95% CI 0.64, 1.13; Ptrend = 0.66）无显著相关性。我们的荟萃分析表明，增加锰摄入量可能会降低T2D风险，可能表现出剂量-反应非线性模式，尽管没有得到UK Biobank分析的证实。
{"title":"Dietary manganese, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease: A UK Biobank cohort study and meta-analysis of over 270,000 individuals","authors":"Gebretsadkan Gebremedhin Gebretsadik , Bo Yang , Andrea J. Glenn , Ai-Min Yang , Jie Li , Vicky Wai-Ki Chan , Man-Sau Wong , Simin Liu , Ka-Hei Kenneth Lo","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine the association of dietary Manganese (Mn) intake with type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence, total cardiovascular disease (CVD), and CVD mortality by analyzing data from the UK Biobank and conducting a meta-analysis of available prospective cohorts.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective analysis of a primary cohort with a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohorts.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>The UK Biobank cohort and the meta-analysis of prospective cohorts.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>UK Biobank participants aged 40–69 years at baseline were enrolled between 2006 and 2010 and followed until December 2022. We included 165,194 participants in T2D analytic cohort and 164,111 individuals in CVD analytic cohort. Our systematic review and meta-analysis of six studies comprised over 270,000 participants.</div></div><div><h3>Exposure</h3><div>Dietary manganese (Mn) intake.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>The outcome measurements were T2D incidence, total CVD, and CVD mortality. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h dietary instrument. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess associations of Mn intake with T2D and CVD risk. Effect estimates were presented in hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In meta-analysis, a pooled risk for a 1 mg/day increase in Mn intake was estimated using restricted maximum likelihood (REML).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>High Mn intake (Q5) was not significantly associated with lower risk of T2D as compared to Q1 (adjusted HR 0·91; 95% CI 0·82, 1.01, P<sub>trend</sub> = 0·07). The dose-response meta-analysis revealed a 4% reduction in T2D risk with each mg/day increase in Mn intake (pooled RR 0·96; 95% CI 0·94, 0·99), with potential non-linearity (P<sub>nonlinear</sub>< 0.01). Q5 Mn intake was not significantly associated with reduced risk of CVD (adjusted HR 0·99; 95% CI 0·92, 1.05; <em>P<sub>trend</sub></em> = 0·61) or CVD mortality (adjusted HR 0·85; 95% CI 0·64, 1.13; <em>P<sub>trend</sub></em> = 0·66).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our meta-analysis suggested that increasing Mn intake may lower T2D risk, potentially exhibiting a dose-response non-linear pattern, although not corroborated by UK Biobank analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 2","pages":"Article 100754"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100747
Oliver Hayman , Saleh AA Alkhedhairi , Emile Combet , Terry J Quinn , Angus M Hunter , Stuart Goodall , Stuart R. Gray
This study examined whether the effects of krill oil supplementation on muscle function and size differ by sex, age or BMI in healthy older adults. This was a secondary exploratory analysis of a previous randomised controlled trial. Men and women aged ≥65 years, with BMI < 35 kg/m² and engaging in <1 h per week of structured exercise, were enrolled in a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial (NCT04048096) between March 2018 and March 2020. Participants received either 4 g/day krill oil or a control oil for 6 months. Ninety-four participants were included (Control n = 45; 27 women, 18 men; Krill n = 49; 26 women, 23 men) with muscle size, strength and neuromuscular function measured before and after the intervention period. Responses to intervention were compared between subgroups by sex (male/female), age (≤70 years/>70 years) and BMI (≤24.9 kg/m2/>25 kg/m2). Increases in muscle strength, size, and physical function in response to krill oil supplementation were comparable across age, sex and BMI subgroups (all P > 0.05). This was similar for neuromuscular measures although increases in the Mwave the response to krill oil supplementation differed by sex, with no change over time in females in either krill or control groups, but an increase in Mwave in males in the krill group (+3.80 [1.72–5.88] mV, p = 0.016) with a tendency for a decrease in the control group (−3.71 [1.58–6.05] mV, p = 0.059). In conclusion, krill oil supplementation improved muscle strength and size in older adults regardless of age, sex and BMI status, although neuromuscular effects of krill oil on membrane excitability, via the Mwave, may be more pronounced in men.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04048096
本研究考察了在健康老年人中，磷虾油补充对肌肉功能和大小的影响是否因性别、年龄或体重指数而异。这是对先前随机对照试验的二次探索性分析。男女年龄≥65岁，BMI < 35 kg/m2，从事70岁)，BMI（≤24.9 kg/m2/ bb0 ~ 25 kg/m2）。添加磷虾油后肌肉力量、大小和身体功能的增加在不同年龄、性别和BMI亚组之间具有可比性（均P < 0.05）。虽然对磷虾油补充的Mwave的增加因性别而异，但在磷虾组和对照组中，雌性的Mwave没有随时间变化，但磷虾组雄性的Mwave增加了（+3.80 [1.72-5.88]mV, p = 0.016），而对照组的Mwave有下降的趋势（-3.71 [1.58-6.05]mV, p = 0.059）。综上所述，尽管磷虾油通过Mwave对神经肌肉膜兴奋性的影响在男性中更为明显，但无论年龄、性别和体重指数如何，补充磷虾油都能改善老年人的肌肉力量和大小。ClinicalTrials.gov标识符：NCT04048096。
{"title":"Do the effects of krill oil supplementation on skeletal muscle function and size in older adults differ by sex, age or BMI: A secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial","authors":"Oliver Hayman , Saleh AA Alkhedhairi , Emile Combet , Terry J Quinn , Angus M Hunter , Stuart Goodall , Stuart R. Gray","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined whether the effects of krill oil supplementation on muscle function and size differ by sex, age or BMI in healthy older adults. This was a secondary exploratory analysis of a previous randomised controlled trial. Men and women aged ≥65 years, with BMI < 35 kg/m² and engaging in <1 h per week of structured exercise, were enrolled in a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial (NCT04048096) between March 2018 and March 2020. Participants received either 4 g/day krill oil or a control oil for 6 months. Ninety-four participants were included (Control n = 45; 27 women, 18 men; Krill n = 49; 26 women, 23 men) with muscle size, strength and neuromuscular function measured before and after the intervention period. Responses to intervention were compared between subgroups by sex (male/female), age (≤70 years/>70 years) and BMI (≤24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>/>25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Increases in muscle strength, size, and physical function in response to krill oil supplementation were comparable across age, sex and BMI subgroups (all P > 0.05). This was similar for neuromuscular measures although increases in the Mwave the response to krill oil supplementation differed by sex, with no change over time in females in either krill or control groups, but an increase in Mwave in males in the krill group (+3.80 [1.72–5.88] mV, p = 0.016) with a tendency for a decrease in the control group (−3.71 [1.58–6.05] mV, p = 0.059). In conclusion, krill oil supplementation improved muscle strength and size in older adults regardless of age, sex and BMI status, although neuromuscular effects of krill oil on membrane excitability, via the Mwave, may be more pronounced in men.</div><div>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04048096</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100741
Yi Zou, Qi Yang, Xiping Wang, Xiaokun Tang, Mei Yang
{"title":"Generalizability concerns in the vitamin D and sarcopenia link","authors":"Yi Zou, Qi Yang, Xiping Wang, Xiaokun Tang, Mei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100741","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100742
Lin Yang, Jing Shu
{"title":"Response to the Letter to the Editor concerning “Association between cMIND diet adherence and frailty among Chinese older adults: A 10-year longitudinal study”","authors":"Lin Yang, Jing Shu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100742","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100742"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100743
Yu Qiu , Longqing Yu
{"title":"Letter to the editor concerning ‘Association between cMIND diet adherence and frailty among Chinese older adults: A 10-year longitudinal study’","authors":"Yu Qiu , Longqing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100743","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100743"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100740
Jung-Hwan Kim , Yu-Jin Kwon , Yaeji Lee , Taehwa Han , Mi Young Lim , Seok-Jae Heo , Ji-Won Lee
Objectives
The role of beverage consumption in dementia prevention, particularly regarding substitution effects and interactions with modifiable risk factors, remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of major beverage types and their substitution effects with the risk of all-cause dementia.
Design
A prospective cohort study.
Setting and participants
We included 118,963 dementia-free participants (2006–2010 baseline) with complete dietary questionnaires from the UK Biobank.
Measurements
Self-reported intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, natural juices, coffee, and tea was assessed through 24-h dietary recall. The primary outcome was incident all-cause dementia, ascertained through linked primary care, hospital admission, and mortality registration data. Associations between beverage intake and dementia risk were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models, yielding hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Substitution modeling assessed the effects of replacing one beverage with another. Interaction analyses explored variations by modifiable risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, depression, or dyslipidemia.
Results
Over 13.45 years, 992 all-cause dementia cases were recorded. Higher sugar-sweetened beverage intake (>1 glass/day) was associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.28–2.02; P < 0.001). Coffee and tea consumption were associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia. Substituting sugar-sweetened beverages or artificially sweetened beverages with coffee or tea significantly reduced the risk of all-cause dementia. These protective associations were strongest among individuals with obesity, hypertension, depression, or dyslipidemia.
Conclusion
Replacing sugar-sweetened beverages or artificially sweetened beverages with coffee or tea was associated with a reduced risk of dementia, particularly among individuals with modifiable risk factors. These findings support beverage substitution as a simple, targeted strategy for mitigating the risk of dementia.
饮料消费在痴呆症预防中的作用，特别是在替代效应和与可改变的风险因素的相互作用方面，仍不清楚。本研究旨在评估主要饮料类型及其替代效应与全因痴呆风险的关系。设计前瞻性队列研究。环境和参与者我们纳入了118,963名无痴呆的参与者（2006-2010年基线），并从英国生物库中收集了完整的饮食问卷。测量方法：通过24小时的饮食召回来评估含糖饮料、人工加糖饮料、天然果汁、咖啡和茶的自我报告摄入量。主要结局为偶发性全因痴呆，通过相关的初级保健、住院和死亡率登记数据确定。使用Cox比例风险模型评估饮料摄入量与痴呆风险之间的关系，得出风险比（hr）和95%置信区间（ci）。替代模型评估了用一种饮料代替另一种饮料的效果。相互作用分析探讨了可改变的危险因素的变化，包括肥胖、高血压、抑郁或血脂异常。结果在13.45岁期间，共记录992例全因痴呆病例。较高的含糖饮料摄入量（每天1杯）与全因痴呆风险增加相关（HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.28-2.02; P < 0.001）。喝咖啡和茶可以降低患全因痴呆的风险。用咖啡或茶代替含糖饮料或人工加糖饮料可以显著降低患全因痴呆的风险。这些保护性关联在肥胖、高血压、抑郁或血脂异常的个体中最强。结论：用咖啡或茶代替含糖饮料或人工加糖饮料与降低痴呆风险有关，特别是在具有可改变风险因素的个体中。这些发现支持饮料替代作为一种简单的、有针对性的策略来减轻痴呆症的风险。
{"title":"Associations of Individual Beverage Types and Substitution with Dementia Risk: A UK Biobank Cohort Study","authors":"Jung-Hwan Kim , Yu-Jin Kwon , Yaeji Lee , Taehwa Han , Mi Young Lim , Seok-Jae Heo , Ji-Won Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The role of beverage consumption in dementia prevention, particularly regarding substitution effects and interactions with modifiable risk factors, remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of major beverage types and their substitution effects with the risk of all-cause dementia.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting and participants</h3><div>We included 118,963 dementia-free participants (2006–2010 baseline) with complete dietary questionnaires from the UK Biobank.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Self-reported intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, natural juices, coffee, and tea was assessed through 24-h dietary recall. The primary outcome was incident all-cause dementia, ascertained through linked primary care, hospital admission, and mortality registration data. Associations between beverage intake and dementia risk were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models, yielding hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Substitution modeling assessed the effects of replacing one beverage with another. Interaction analyses explored variations by modifiable risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, depression, or dyslipidemia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over 13.45 years, 992 all-cause dementia cases were recorded. Higher sugar-sweetened beverage intake (>1 glass/day) was associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.28–2.02; <em>P</em> < 0.001). Coffee and tea consumption were associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia. Substituting sugar-sweetened beverages or artificially sweetened beverages with coffee or tea significantly reduced the risk of all-cause dementia. These protective associations were strongest among individuals with obesity, hypertension, depression, or dyslipidemia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Replacing sugar-sweetened beverages or artificially sweetened beverages with coffee or tea was associated with a reduced risk of dementia, particularly among individuals with modifiable risk factors. These findings support beverage substitution as a simple, targeted strategy for mitigating the risk of dementia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To evaluate the prevalence of the Determinants of Malnutrition in Aged Persons (DoMAP) and identify determinants of malnutrition among older adults attending primary healthcare.
Design and setting
Prospective, observational, monocentric study in primary healthcare.
Participants
500 older adults.
Measurements
Malnutrition was diagnosed using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Potential causes of malnutrition were assessed by the attending physician using the DoMAP model with a 1:1 recruitment of malnourished and non-malnourished older persons.
Results
Malnourished individuals (mean age 81.7 ± 5.0 years; 59% women) exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of almost all DoMAP determinants compared to non-malnourished persons, particularly low intake (88 vs. 11%), high requirements (83 vs. 49%), poor appetite (73 vs. 9%), shopping difficulties (59 vs. 26%), inflammation (81 vs. 49%), gastrointestinal disease (17 vs. 2%), cancer (11 vs. 1%), depression (35 vs. 19%), dementia (21 vs. 6%), polypharmacy (60 vs. 38%), and hospitalization (27 vs. 4%). The mean total determinants count was significantly higher in malnourished participants (14.9 ± 5.0) than in non-malnourished ones (6.8 ± 4.4; p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed low intake as the strongest determinant at Level1; poor appetite, forgetting to eat, shopping difficulties and inflammation at Level2; gastrointestinal disease, cancer and depression at Level3, and frailty and hospitalization at Level4.
Conclusion
This study highlights the complex multifactorial nature of malnutrition in older adults attending primary healthcare, confirming the superior role of low intake and poor appetite among other determinants. The DoMAP model offers a structured framework for potential causative factors of malnutrition in older subjects.
{"title":"Potential causes of malnutrition in older adults in primary healthcare—A cross-sectional study","authors":"Stefan Pfannkuch , Rainer Wirth , Ulrike Trampisch , Dorothee Volkert , Maryam Pourhassan","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the prevalence of the Determinants of Malnutrition in Aged Persons (DoMAP) and identify determinants of malnutrition among older adults attending primary healthcare.</div></div><div><h3>Design and setting</h3><div>Prospective, observational, monocentric study in primary healthcare.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>500 older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Malnutrition was diagnosed using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Potential causes of malnutrition were assessed by the attending physician using the DoMAP model with a 1:1 recruitment of malnourished and non-malnourished older persons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Malnourished individuals (mean age 81.7 ± 5.0 years; 59% women) exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of almost all DoMAP determinants compared to non-malnourished persons, particularly low intake (88 vs. 11%), high requirements (83 vs. 49%), poor appetite (73 vs. 9%), shopping difficulties (59 vs. 26%), inflammation (81 vs. 49%), gastrointestinal disease (17 vs. 2%), cancer (11 vs. 1%), depression (35 vs. 19%), dementia (21 vs. 6%), polypharmacy (60 vs. 38%), and hospitalization (27 vs. 4%). The mean total determinants count was significantly higher in malnourished participants (14.9 ± 5.0) than in non-malnourished ones (6.8 ± 4.4; <em>p</em> < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed low intake as the strongest determinant at Level1; poor appetite, forgetting to eat, shopping difficulties and inflammation at Level2; gastrointestinal disease, cancer and depression at Level3, and frailty and hospitalization at Level4.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights the complex multifactorial nature of malnutrition in older adults attending primary healthcare, confirming the superior role of low intake and poor appetite among other determinants. The DoMAP model offers a structured framework for potential causative factors of malnutrition in older subjects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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