Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging最新文献

{"title":"Sarcopenia and recurrence risk in high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a nonlinear modeling approach","authors":"Gerald Klinglmair ,&nbsp;Maximilian Lutz ,&nbsp;Tatia Telia ,&nbsp;Nils C.H. van Creij ,&nbsp;Hamed Wafa ,&nbsp;Piotr Tymoszuk ,&nbsp;Beatrice Heim ,&nbsp;Dora Niedersuess-Beke ,&nbsp;Angelika Terbuch ,&nbsp;José Daniel Subiela ,&nbsp;Francesco del Giudice ,&nbsp;Roman Mayr ,&nbsp;Anna Luger ,&nbsp;Renate Pichler","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sarcopenia and altered body composition are established prognostic markers in several malignancies, but their relevance in non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) remains unclear. This study evaluated associations between body composition indices—body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle index (SMI), and psoas muscle index (PMI)—and recurrence risk in high-risk NMIBC patients treated with intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Body composition was assessed on computed tomography at primary diagnosis. Sarcopenia was defined using published sex-specific cut-offs. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier estimates, Cox regression with linear and spline terms, and a gradient boosted machine (GBM) model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 118 patients (median age 71 years; 78% male) were included. Tumor stages were pTa (40%), pT1 (54%), and primary carcinoma in situ (CIS) in 6%. During a mean follow-up of 32 months, 30 patients (25.4%) developed recurrence. Median BMI was 26 kg/m². SMI and PMI were higher in men and declined with age, whereas BMI remained stable. Sarcopenia prevalence varied widely across definitions (6–66%) with low-to-moderate concordance (Cohen’s κ: 0–0.58). No sarcopenia definition independently predicted recurrence. In the GBM model, BCG maintenance, tumor stage, CIS, age, BMI, SMI, and PMI were important predictors. Spline Cox models demonstrated nonlinear U-shaped associations between BMI, SMI, PMI, and recurrence risk, with increased risk at both low and high values.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Body composition shows nonlinear associations with recurrence in high-risk NMIBC. Both low and excessive body and muscle mass may adversely affect disease control. The heterogeneity and limited prognostic value of current sarcopenia definitions highlight the need for standardized, multiparametric, and nonlinear risk modeling approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 4","pages":"Article 100805"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary patterns and decreased muscle strength incidence: findings from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study","authors":"Yuji Jeong,&nbsp;Seok-Won Son,&nbsp;Se-Hong Kim,&nbsp;Ha-Na Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Muscle strength is a fundamental determinant of functional capacity across adulthood. While dietary protein has been widely studied, prospective evidence considering overall dietary patterns remains inconsistent. We examined the association between macronutrient-based dietary patterns and incident decreased muscle strength among adults aged 40 years and older.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 31,968 adults aged ≥40 years without decreased muscle strength at baseline from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The participants were categorized into four groups according to macronutrient energy proportions: high-carbohydrate, high-fat, high-protein, and normal diets. The incidence of decreased muscle strength was defined as &lt;28 kg in men and &lt;18 kg in women at follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of decreased muscle strength between groups, and linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate longitudinal changes in handgrip strength, including time, group, and the group-by-time interaction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 2,194 participants developed incident decreased muscle strength (incidence rate 1.65 per 100 person-years). The high-protein dietary pattern was associated with a higher risk of incident decreased muscle strength compared with the normal diet (Adjusted HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.06−1.99), whereas no significant associations were observed for high-carbohydrate or high-fat dietary patterns. Changes in dietary patterns from baseline to follow-up were not significantly associated with the risk of decreased muscle strength, and the magnitude of change in handgrip strength over time did not differ across dietary pattern groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In middle-aged and older Korean adults, the high-protein dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of incident muscle strength decline compared to the normal dietary pattern, whereas high-carbohydrate and high-fat patterns were not. These findings suggest that a balanced macronutrient composition, rather than protein intake alone, may be relevant to muscle strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 4","pages":"Article 100802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of CT-derived body composition with coronary plaque components and vascular inflammation","authors":"Lu Gao ,&nbsp;Chenbo Xu ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Zhijie Jian ,&nbsp;Yue Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the relationship of body composition with coronary plaque components and vascular inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included 412 individuals who underwent computed tomography angiography scan between August 2024 and July 2025. Body composition including both muscle and adipose components was analyzed. Plaque characteristics and pericoronary fat attenuation index (FAI) were quantified. The associations between body composition, plaque burden, and FAI were examined using correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses. Furthermore, we explored the mediating roles of specific body composition metrics in the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and plaque burden, as well as the potential mediation by FAI in the association linking body composition to plaque burden.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of all-subjects, 269 (65.29%) were male. The average age was 62.85 ± 13.81 years old. Correlation analyses revealed significant moderate to strong positive associations of BMI, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), and fatty muscle fraction (FMF) with lipid plaque burden. Additionally, BMI was moderately positively correlated with calcified plaque burden, while skeletal muscle (SM) was weakly negatively correlated with it. Specifically, in a multivariable-adjusted model, higher BMI (β= 0.053) were independently associated with greater lipid plaque burden. Higher BMI (β = 0.909) and lower SM (β = −0.004) were associated with an increased calcified plaque burden. Moreover, higher BMI (β = −0.547), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (β = −0.004), and SM (β = −0.001), as well as lower VAT (β = 0.005), epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) (β = 0.041), IMAT (β = 0.061), and FMF (β = 0.075) remained independently associated with decreased FAI. Mediation analysis revealed that SM and VAT mediated −29.555% and 56.489% of the association between BMI and calcified plaque burden and lipid plaque burden, respectively. Furthermore, FAI mediated 40.426% of the effect of VAT and 30.909% of the effect of IMAT on lipid plaque burden.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Different body composition metrics exert divergent effects on various components of coronary plaque. Our study suggests that VAT and IMAT may contribute to lipid plaque formation, potentially mediated by a state of increased vascular inflammation as captured by FAI, while a higher muscle mass may protect against the progression of calcified plaque. These findings highlights the necessity of precise body composition analysis in cardiovascular risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 4","pages":"Article 100804"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity strengthens the associations between sarcopenia and both frailty and hospitalization, whereas reduces the risk of mortality","authors":"Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos ,&nbsp;Helio José Coelho-Junior ,&nbsp;Jose Antonio Carnicero ,&nbsp;Walter Sepúlveda-Loyola ,&nbsp;Francisco José García-García ,&nbsp;Leocadio Rodriguez-Mañas","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess the impact of different definitions of obesity on the association between sarcopenia and negative health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A longitudinal analysis using data from the Toledo Study of Healthy Ageing</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Community-dwelling older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>1546 older adults (mean age 74.76 ± 5.75 years; 45.54% men).</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Sarcopenia was defined using population-standardized Foundation for the National Institutes of Health criteria. Obesity was assessed using several criteria previously prosed in the literature: Body Mass Index (BMI: &gt;28, &gt;30, &gt;33 kg/m²), waist circumference (WC: 88♀; &gt;102♂; and 98♀; &gt;109♂), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR: &gt;0.85♀; &gt;0.90♂), fat mass percentage (%FM: &gt;38%♀, &gt;27%♂; and &gt;40%♀, &gt;30%♂; and &gt;43%♀, &gt;31%♂), and population-based quartiles for trunk and appendicular fat mass. Frailty and disability were evaluated at baseline and 2.99 years later; hospitalization and mortality were tracked at 3.63 and 6.28 years, respectively. Regression models (logistic and Cox) and ROC analyses were conducted, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and malnutrition.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>350 (22.63%) met sarcopenia criteria. Obesity prevalence varied from 18.63% to 76.13%, depending on the definition. Obesity, regardless of the criterion, strengthened the associations between sarcopenia and frailty while only some of them did for hospitalization (BMI and WC), but not impacted disability. Sarcopenia was not significantly associated with death in the adjusted model, but the association became significant after adjustment for some obesity markers (WHR, truncal fat mass, and %FM. ROC curves results suggested that the capacity of sarcopenia to predict worsening frailty increased 2%, when the obesity markers were included.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Obesity—particularly defined by BMI and WC—strengthened the association between sarcopenia and adverse outcomes such as frailty and hospitalization. In contrast, higher fat mass was associated with lower mortality, suggesting a potential obesity paradox that warrants further research. These findings highlight the importance of assessing multiple obesity criteria alongside sarcopenia, while the potential protective role of obesity against mortality requires confirmation in further studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 4","pages":"Article 100803"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the relative contributions of body size across life course to midlife and late-life cognitive function: a Bayesian analysis from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study","authors":"Sihan Hou ,&nbsp;Jiao Wang ,&nbsp;Tai Hing Lam ,&nbsp;Kar Keung Cheng ,&nbsp;Wei Sen Zhang ,&nbsp;Lin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The relative contributions of life-course obesity to midlife and late-life cognitive function have not been reported. We examined the association of life-course body size with cognitive function and identified the relative contribution of body size at each life stage.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This was a study based on data from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>A community-based population in China.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>9,303 participants without a history of dementia or other serious mental disorders were included, with a mean age of 59.9 years (standard deviation = 6.0 years).</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Perceived childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, midlife, and current body size were assessed by Stunkard’s Figure Rating Scale (labelled 1–9, from very thin to very fat), and analysed as categorical or continuous variables. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and analysed as a continuous score. A Bayesian relevant life course exposure model was used to quantify the relative contributions of body size to cognitive function.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After adjustment for confounders, each one-figure increase in body size was associated with lower MMSE scores. The βs (95% confidence intervals) were −1.121 (−1.200, −1.043), −1.077 (−1.161, −0.993), −0.795 (−0.871, −0.719), −0.450 (−0.520, −0.380), −0.253 (−0.318, −0.188) for childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, midlife and current status, respectively. The contributions of larger body size to poorer cognitive function varied across life stages, with childhood and adolescence accounting for 58.96% (95% credible interval (CrI) = 49.81%–68.07%) and 38.52% (95% CrI = 29.11%–47.82%) of the association, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Body size in childhood and adolescence mainly explained the negative association between life-course body size and cognitive function in midlife and late-life. This finding highlights the importance of early-life obesity prevention for maintaining cognitive function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 4","pages":"Article 100799"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between frailty recovery and dietary variety among community-dwelling older Japanese adults: a longitudinal study from 2023 to 2024","authors":"Tamaki Hirose ,&nbsp;Yohei Sawaya ,&nbsp;Masahiro Ishizaka ,&nbsp;Naori Hashimoto ,&nbsp;Akira Kubo ,&nbsp;Tomohiko Urano","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><div>Although the associations between frailty and nutrition have been reported, no studies have focused on frailty recovery in relation to dietary diversity. This study aimed to clarify the association between frailty recovery and dietary variety, assessed using the Dietary Variety Score (DVS), over a 1-year period.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective cohort study conducted in City A, Tochigi prefecture, Japan, included 353 individuals aged 73 and 78 years in 2023 who responded to surveys in both 2023 and 2024. The Kihon Checklist (KCL) and DVS were used for assessments. According to the KCL results, participants who were robust in both years or who improved from frailty or pre-frailty in 2023 to robust in 2024 were classified as the “robust-maintained/-recovered group,” and all other participants were classified as “others.” Statistical analyses included group comparisons and binomial logistic regression analysis to examine factors associated with the robust-maintained/-recovered group using DVS categories (high/low) or ten individual food groups as independent variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The robust-maintained/-recovered group had a higher frequency of egg, soybean, soybean product, seaweed, potato, and fruit consumption. Furthermore, High DVS at baseline was significantly associated with the robust-maintained/-recovered group (odds ratio = 2.32, p &lt; 0.001). A similar association was observed for soybean products (odds ratio = 1.83, p = 0.008).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that sustained dietary diversity may be an effective strategy for recovery from frailty in older adults. Specifically, intake of traditional Japanese foods such as soybean products and “small food add-ons” such as seaweeds and fruits may offer a valuable approach to its management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100783"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of nutritional risk indexes in predicting physical frailty and its progression in community-dwelling older adults","authors":"Yen Hsu ,&nbsp;Yung-Shuo Kao ,&nbsp;I-Chien Wu ,&nbsp;Wan-Ting Tasi ,&nbsp;Hui-Ling Chen ,&nbsp;Marion M. Lee ,&nbsp;Chao Agnes Hsiung ,&nbsp;Chih-Cheng Hsu ,&nbsp;Shu-Chun Chuang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Malnutrition and frailty are common and closely related in older adults. The aim of this study is to investigate the longitudinal associations on the nutritional risk indexes and frailty onset in Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>This study analyzed 5,348 community-dwelling adults aged ≥55 years old who were recruited from 2009 to 2013 and followed up from 2013 to 2020. Nutritional risk was assessed using Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI) and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) at baseline. Poor nutrition was defined as GNRI ≤ 98 or PNI &lt; 50. Frailty was assessed with Fried’s criteria. Mortality was confirmed via data linkage with the Death Certificate database. Estimates of associations were by odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and adjusted for major confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of low GNRI and low PNI were 3.9% and 22.2%, respectively, in this community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. Both low GNRI and low PNI were associated with frailty status (OR = 10.3, 95% CI = 3.59–29.4, <em>p</em>_trend &lt; 0.01 for the GNRI and OR = 5.57, 95% CI = 2.79–11.1, <em>p</em>_trend &lt; 0.01 for the PNI) and frailty onset at follow-up among baseline physically robust participants (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 0.82–4.75, <em>p</em>_trend &lt; 0.01 for the GNRI and OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.13–2.46, <em>p</em>_trend &lt; 0.01 for the PNI).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>As malnutrition is a significant risk factor for frailty, both the PNI and GNRI are valuable tools in assessing the nutritional risk and had shown strong association in detecting frailty status and in predicting frailty risk, their further integration into clinical use is promising.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100798"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of taste sensitivity with frailty and health-related quality of life in older adults","authors":"Sarasa Kato ,&nbsp;Megu Y. Baden ,&nbsp;Eri Yamabayashi ,&nbsp;Saki Kawamoto ,&nbsp;Takuya Kagisaki ,&nbsp;Kento Mitsushio ,&nbsp;Akiko N. Beppu ,&nbsp;Naoko Nagai ,&nbsp;Tomomi Horii ,&nbsp;Chisaki Ishibashi ,&nbsp;Yoshiya Hosokawa ,&nbsp;Mitsuyoshi Takahara ,&nbsp;Junji Kozawa ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Nishizawa ,&nbsp;Toshihiro Takeda ,&nbsp;Shunsuke Yamaga ,&nbsp;Mashu Kudoh ,&nbsp;Daiki Kurita ,&nbsp;Masae Kuboniwa ,&nbsp;Iichiro Shimomura","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Reduced taste sensitivity may contribute to appetite loss and frailty in older adults, yet evidence based on objectively measured taste sensitivity is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the associations of objectively measured taste sensitivity with frailty, health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), diet quality, and oral function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We assessed sweet, salt, and umami taste sensitivities in 70 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 82 years) using the whole-mouth method. Frailty was evaluated using the Basic Checklist, HR-QoL was assessed using the SF-36, diet quality was assessed using the Modified Japanese Diet Score (MJDS), and oral function was assessed by dentists using established criteria. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the associations of taste sensitivity with frailty, HR-QoL, diet quality, and oral function.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Lower sweet taste sensitivity was associated with greater frailty (coefficient [95% CI], 0.28 [0.10, 0.46], p = 0.004). Lower sweet and umami taste sensitivities were significantly associated with lower mental HR-QoL (−6.47 [−11.44, −1.50], p = 0.01 and −5.89 [−11.40, −0.38], p = 0.04, respectively). Higher diet quality and better oral function tended to be associated with better sweet taste sensitivity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Sweet taste sensitivity is inversely associated with frailty and mental HR-QoL. Improving diet quality and oral function may contribute to improved taste sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100794"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual impairment takes on a setback to successful aging: evidence from six international longitudinal studies","authors":"Mengjun Tu ,&nbsp;Lingling Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The global population is undergoing rapid aging, making the promotion of successful aging a pressing public health priority. However, large-scale, longitudinal evidence examining the strength and consistency of the association between visual impairment and successful aging across diverse populations remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study displays and analyses the data extracted from six longitudinal cohorts, namely the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLOSA), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Vision impairment was assessed via self-report, and successful aging was operationalized as a composite score, both using harmonized measures across cohorts. The following are the analyses sections: generalized estimating equations (GEE), random-effects meta-analysis, and Cox regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The primary analysis included 121,282 participants contributing 277,129 observations across 25 countries/regions. A significant link was identified between vision impairment and a lower likelihood of successful aging. Additionally, the pooled odds ratio was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.49–0.63) after GEE and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings highlight the negative impact of vision impairment on successful aging and suggest that sustaining vision fitness benefits aging promotion for middle-aged individuals and seniors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100800"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal associations of chronic pain severity trajectories and number of pain site trajectories with risk of limitations in ability in daily activities: Evidence from two 10-year prospective cohort studies","authors":"Fangyu Cheng ,&nbsp;Zongshuai Wang ,&nbsp;Yueyuan Li ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Chunping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Chronic pain is a significant risk factor for limitations in activities of daily living (ADL). However, previous studies have mostly assessed pain severity at a single time point, overlooking its temporal variability. This study aims to explore the longitudinal associations between trajectories of chronic generalized pain severity, the number of pain sites, and trajectories of chronic site-specific pain severity with the risk of developing ADL limitations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized longitudinal data from individuals aged 50 and above in two cohorts: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). By analyzing dynamic changes in pain severity states, trajectories of chronic generalized pain severity, the number of pain sites, and chronic site-specific pain severity were identified. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to assess the associations between various pain severity trajectories and the incidence of ADL limitations. Mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the mediating effect of depression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Cox proportional hazards models showed that, among trajectories of chronic generalized pain severity and pain severity at the back, feet, and knees, the persistent high-level pain and worsening pain trajectory groups exhibited the highest increased risk of ADL limitations. Additionally, all trajectories of the number of pain sites were positively associated with ADL limitation risk, with the increasing number of pain sites trajectory showing the strongest association (HR = 2.738, 95% CI: 2.147–3.492). Depression mediated the associations between various pain severity trajectories and ADL limitations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The research findings underscore the significant role of long-term, persistently high levels and progressively worsening severity of chronic systemic and localized pain in the limitations of ADL functions in older adults. Incorporating longitudinal monitoring of chronic pain severity trajectories into ADL function limitation management programs is crucial for enhancing preventive and therapeutic interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100781"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}