Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100795
Huimin Wang
{"title":"Associations of individual beverage types and substitution with dementia risk","authors":"Huimin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100795","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100795"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100796
Jung-Hwan Kim , Seok-Jae Heo , Yu-Jin Kwon , Ji-Won Lee
{"title":"Response to the Letter to the Editor concerning “Associations of Individual Beverage Types and Substitution with Dementia Risk”","authors":"Jung-Hwan Kim , Seok-Jae Heo , Yu-Jin Kwon , Ji-Won Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100796","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100796"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100793
Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos , Cristina Andres-Lacueva , Ignacio Ara , María Angeles Arévalo , Juan P. Bolaños , Ana Coto-Montes , José Antonio Enriquez , Germaine Escames , Francisco José García-García , María Carmen Gómez-Cabrera , Oriol Grau-Rivera , Mikel Izquierdo , Nicolás Martínez Velilla , Ander Matheu , Rocío Menéndez Colino , Manuel Muñoz Torres , Xavier Nogués , Juan Oliva , María Isabel Orts-Cortés , Ignacio Párraga Martínez , Pedro Abizanda
Background
The lack of a universally accepted definition, a gold-standard assessment tool, and sufficient evidence-based interventions has hindered the integration of frailty into routine clinical practice, particularly outside geriatric medicine. For clinicians, health professionals, policymakers, and aging researchers, a unified framework based on robust evidence has become essential.
Objectives
To provide a consensus on relevant aspects of frailty, including definition, attributes, misunderstandings, pathophysiology, phenotypes, assessment, biomarkers, management, stigmas and future challenges, useful for epidemiological, clinical and research application across Europe.
Design
Consensus document.
Setting
25 research centers on frailty and healthy aging.
Measurements
Relevant aspects on frailty.
Results
In this document we present a consensus regarding what frailty is, what frailty is not, what is aging, which are the most common misunderstandings related to frailty, which is the pathophysiology and which are the biomarkers of frailty, how should frailty be assessed and who should assess frailty, how should frailty be managed, the presence or absence of frailty subphenotypes or subtypes, how is the stigma of been considered frail, which are the gender considerations, and which are the current challenges and future directions. We support that frailty is the expression of an age-associated clinical phenotypic syndrome driven by the biology of aging, life-course environmental exposures, and disease burden. Its physiological basis lies in a heterogeneous decline of functional reserve across organ systems, accompanied by impaired homeostasis and reduced capacity to respond to stressors, ultimately predisposing to adverse health outcomes, mainly disability.
Conclusions
We present a consensus document on frailty, useful for epidemiological, clinical and research application across Europe.
{"title":"Consensus document on frailty: conceptualization, detection, multidisciplinary management and future roadmap","authors":"Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos , Cristina Andres-Lacueva , Ignacio Ara , María Angeles Arévalo , Juan P. Bolaños , Ana Coto-Montes , José Antonio Enriquez , Germaine Escames , Francisco José García-García , María Carmen Gómez-Cabrera , Oriol Grau-Rivera , Mikel Izquierdo , Nicolás Martínez Velilla , Ander Matheu , Rocío Menéndez Colino , Manuel Muñoz Torres , Xavier Nogués , Juan Oliva , María Isabel Orts-Cortés , Ignacio Párraga Martínez , Pedro Abizanda","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The lack of a universally accepted definition, a gold-standard assessment tool, and sufficient evidence-based interventions has hindered the integration of frailty into routine clinical practice, particularly outside geriatric medicine. For clinicians, health professionals, policymakers, and aging researchers, a unified framework based on robust evidence has become essential.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To provide a consensus on relevant aspects of frailty, including definition, attributes, misunderstandings, pathophysiology, phenotypes, assessment, biomarkers, management, stigmas and future challenges, useful for epidemiological, clinical and research application across Europe.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Consensus document.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>25 research centers on frailty and healthy aging.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Relevant aspects on frailty.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this document we present a consensus regarding what frailty is, what frailty is not, what is aging, which are the most common misunderstandings related to frailty, which is the pathophysiology and which are the biomarkers of frailty, how should frailty be assessed and who should assess frailty, how should frailty be managed, the presence or absence of frailty subphenotypes or subtypes, how is the stigma of been considered frail, which are the gender considerations, and which are the current challenges and future directions. We support that frailty is the expression of an age-associated clinical phenotypic syndrome driven by the biology of aging, life-course environmental exposures, and disease burden. Its physiological basis lies in a heterogeneous decline of functional reserve across organ systems, accompanied by impaired homeostasis and reduced capacity to respond to stressors, ultimately predisposing to adverse health outcomes, mainly disability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We present a consensus document on frailty, useful for epidemiological, clinical and research application across Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100793"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reduced taste sensitivity may contribute to appetite loss and frailty in older adults, yet evidence based on objectively measured taste sensitivity is limited.
Objective
To examine the associations of objectively measured taste sensitivity with frailty, health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), diet quality, and oral function.
Methods
We assessed sweet, salt, and umami taste sensitivities in 70 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 82 years) using the whole-mouth method. Frailty was evaluated using the Basic Checklist, HR-QoL was assessed using the SF-36, diet quality was assessed using the Modified Japanese Diet Score (MJDS), and oral function was assessed by dentists using established criteria. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the associations of taste sensitivity with frailty, HR-QoL, diet quality, and oral function.
Results
Lower sweet taste sensitivity was associated with greater frailty (coefficient [95% CI], 0.28 [0.10, 0.46], p = 0.004). Lower sweet and umami taste sensitivities were significantly associated with lower mental HR-QoL (−6.47 [−11.44, −1.50], p = 0.01 and −5.89 [−11.40, −0.38], p = 0.04, respectively). Higher diet quality and better oral function tended to be associated with better sweet taste sensitivity.
Conclusions
Sweet taste sensitivity is inversely associated with frailty and mental HR-QoL. Improving diet quality and oral function may contribute to improved taste sensitivity.
{"title":"Associations of taste sensitivity with frailty and health-related quality of life in older adults","authors":"Sarasa Kato , Megu Y. Baden , Eri Yamabayashi , Saki Kawamoto , Takuya Kagisaki , Kento Mitsushio , Akiko N. Beppu , Naoko Nagai , Tomomi Horii , Chisaki Ishibashi , Yoshiya Hosokawa , Mitsuyoshi Takahara , Junji Kozawa , Hitoshi Nishizawa , Toshihiro Takeda , Shunsuke Yamaga , Mashu Kudoh , Daiki Kurita , Masae Kuboniwa , Iichiro Shimomura","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Reduced taste sensitivity may contribute to appetite loss and frailty in older adults, yet evidence based on objectively measured taste sensitivity is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the associations of objectively measured taste sensitivity with frailty, health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), diet quality, and oral function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We assessed sweet, salt, and umami taste sensitivities in 70 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 82 years) using the whole-mouth method. Frailty was evaluated using the Basic Checklist, HR-QoL was assessed using the SF-36, diet quality was assessed using the Modified Japanese Diet Score (MJDS), and oral function was assessed by dentists using established criteria. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the associations of taste sensitivity with frailty, HR-QoL, diet quality, and oral function.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Lower sweet taste sensitivity was associated with greater frailty (coefficient [95% CI], 0.28 [0.10, 0.46], p = 0.004). Lower sweet and umami taste sensitivities were significantly associated with lower mental HR-QoL (−6.47 [−11.44, −1.50], p = 0.01 and −5.89 [−11.40, −0.38], p = 0.04, respectively). Higher diet quality and better oral function tended to be associated with better sweet taste sensitivity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Sweet taste sensitivity is inversely associated with frailty and mental HR-QoL. Improving diet quality and oral function may contribute to improved taste sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100794"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allostatic load (AL)—the cumulative biological cost of lifelong stress—can disrupt immune homeostasis via hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal-axis dysregulation and persistent sympathetic activation. Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are organ-specific chronic inflammatory disorders imposing a major public-health burden, yet their causal link with AL remains unclear.
Methods
In this prospective study of 186 310 UK Biobank participants, Cox proportional-hazards models quantified dose-response associations between AL and the incidence of ten IMIDs plus all-cause mortality. Interaction models evaluated the modifying effects of physical activity, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and other lifestyle variables, and assessed gene–environment interplay using polygenic risk scores (PRS).
Results
Compared with the lowest AL quartile, the highest quartile showed significantly greater incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (hazard ratios (HR) = 1.52), spondyloarthritis (HR = 2.50), asthma (HR = 1.38), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (HR = 1.19), type 1 diabetes (T1DM) (HR = 5.16), psoriasis (HR = 1.87), autoimmune retinopathy (HR = 1.77) and composite IMIDs (HR = 1.55) (all p < 0.05). Elevated AL also predicted dose-dependent increases in all-cause mortality among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (HR = 6.59), asthma (HR = 1.87), IBD (HR = 2.00), T1DM (HR = 2.72) and composite IMIDs (HR = 2.01). Sufficient physical activity and higher ω-3 PUFA intake partially attenuated AL-related risks, whereas high PRS synergistically amplified AL effects for spondyloarthritis (attributable proportion (AP) = 7.6%), T1DM (AP = 4.7%) and psoriasis (AP = 4.9%).
Conclusions
AL is causally linked to both the development and prognosis of IMIDs, with its impact jointly modifiable by lifestyle factors and genetic susceptibility. Building AL-centred psychoneuroimmunological biomarker networks may enable refined risk stratification and precision interventions for IMIDs.
{"title":"Allostatic load elevates the risk and adverse prognosis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: modulatory effects of lifestyle interventions and genetic susceptibility","authors":"Ziling Yang , Jinming Zhang , Zhong Qu , Zhuo Zhao , Yajuan Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Allostatic load (AL)—the cumulative biological cost of lifelong stress—can disrupt immune homeostasis via hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal-axis dysregulation and persistent sympathetic activation. Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are organ-specific chronic inflammatory disorders imposing a major public-health burden, yet their causal link with AL remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this prospective study of 186 310 UK Biobank participants, Cox proportional-hazards models quantified dose-response associations between AL and the incidence of ten IMIDs plus all-cause mortality. Interaction models evaluated the modifying effects of physical activity, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and other lifestyle variables, and assessed gene–environment interplay using polygenic risk scores (PRS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the lowest AL quartile, the highest quartile showed significantly greater incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (hazard ratios (HR) = 1.52), spondyloarthritis (HR = 2.50), asthma (HR = 1.38), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (HR = 1.19), type 1 diabetes (T1DM) (HR = 5.16), psoriasis (HR = 1.87), autoimmune retinopathy (HR = 1.77) and composite IMIDs (HR = 1.55) (all p < 0.05). Elevated AL also predicted dose-dependent increases in all-cause mortality among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (HR = 6.59), asthma (HR = 1.87), IBD (HR = 2.00), T1DM (HR = 2.72) and composite IMIDs (HR = 2.01). Sufficient physical activity and higher ω-3 PUFA intake partially attenuated AL-related risks, whereas high PRS synergistically amplified AL effects for spondyloarthritis (attributable proportion (AP) = 7.6%), T1DM (AP = 4.7%) and psoriasis (AP = 4.9%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>AL is causally linked to both the development and prognosis of IMIDs, with its impact jointly modifiable by lifestyle factors and genetic susceptibility. Building AL-centred psychoneuroimmunological biomarker networks may enable refined risk stratification and precision interventions for IMIDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100792"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100784
Ting Liao , Ting-Ying Wang , Meng-Chun Lu , Huey-Liang Kuo , Yu-Lung Chen , Kuo-Cheng Lin , Yi-Ling Chen , Ying Hsiao , Yi-Chen Huang
Objectives
This study assessed musculoskeletal outcomes of a combined intervention comprising food-based protein supplementation, nutrition education (NE), and resistance exercise in older adults; comparing milk and soy milk as protein sources.
Design
Quasi-experimental study.
Setting and participants
Eighty-two community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 years completed the intervention.
Intervention
This 8-week cluster-based intervention assigned participants to 1 of 4 groups: exercise alone (Group 1), exercise plus NE (Group 2), exercise plus NE with milk supplementation (Group 3), and exercise plus NE with soy milk supplementation (Group 4). All groups engaged in resistance training 3 times per week, and all groups received weekly NE, except for Group 1.
Measurements
Body composition, and physical performance were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and standardized tests at baseline and after the intervention.
Results
Within-group analyses showed that all groups experienced significant improvements in walking speed. Additionally, Group 3 exhibited improvements in handgrip strength (mean change: +4.41 kg), 5-time sit-to-stand performance (−1.94 s). Compared with other groups, Group 3 achieved greater gains in handgrip strength than Group 2 (−0.84 kg) and Group 4 (+0.52 kg), and showed a borderline significant improvement in total bone mineral density (BMD; +0.01 vs. −0.06 g/cm2) compared with Group 1. Furthermore, Groups 2 − 4 exhibited greater increases in upper-limb BMD (+0.04, +0.02, +0.01 g/cm2, respectively) compared with Group 1 (−0.02 g/cm2).
Conclusions
Exercise combined with NE and protein supplementation, particularly milk, may be associated with favorable bone health in older adults.
{"title":"Muscle performance and bone density following a multi-intervention program with milk or soy milk supplementation in older adults: quasi-experimental study","authors":"Ting Liao , Ting-Ying Wang , Meng-Chun Lu , Huey-Liang Kuo , Yu-Lung Chen , Kuo-Cheng Lin , Yi-Ling Chen , Ying Hsiao , Yi-Chen Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study assessed musculoskeletal outcomes of a combined intervention comprising food-based protein supplementation, nutrition education (NE), and resistance exercise in older adults; comparing milk and soy milk as protein sources.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Quasi-experimental study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting and participants</h3><div>Eighty-two community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 years completed the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><div>This 8-week cluster-based intervention assigned participants to 1 of 4 groups: exercise alone (Group 1), exercise plus NE (Group 2), exercise plus NE with milk supplementation (Group 3), and exercise plus NE with soy milk supplementation (Group 4). All groups engaged in resistance training 3 times per week, and all groups received weekly NE, except for Group 1.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Body composition, and physical performance were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and standardized tests at baseline and after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Within-group analyses showed that all groups experienced significant improvements in walking speed. Additionally, Group 3 exhibited improvements in handgrip strength (mean change: +4.41 kg), 5-time sit-to-stand performance (−1.94 s). Compared with other groups, Group 3 achieved greater gains in handgrip strength than Group 2 (−0.84 kg) and Group 4 (+0.52 kg), and showed a borderline significant improvement in total bone mineral density (BMD; +0.01 vs. −0.06 g/cm<sup>2</sup>) compared with Group 1. Furthermore, Groups 2 − 4 exhibited greater increases in upper-limb BMD (+0.04, +0.02, +0.01 g/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively) compared with Group 1 (−0.02 g/cm<sup>2</sup>).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Exercise combined with NE and protein supplementation, particularly milk, may be associated with favorable bone health in older adults.</div><div>(Clincaltrials.gov as NCT06173271)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100784"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100785
Zongjie Luo , Hangyu Chen , Shuqian Huang , Qihua Lai , Xiaoying Hu , Yuan Wang , Yuanqin Wang , Jing Wang , Yanni Li , Fengqiong Liu
Background
Diet and nutrition affect chronic diseases, but large-scale evidence on nutrient patterns and disease risk is limited. This study aims to explore nutrient-based dietary patterns and their links to major chronic diseases and multimorbidity risk.
Methods
Dietary intake was assessed via dietary questionnaires in 208,312 UK Biobank participants. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to derive principal components (PCs) of 63 nutrients. Cox regression was used to analyze hazard ratios (HRs) for 36 chronic conditions, and negative binomial regression was applied to examine associations of multimorbidity with nutrients.
Results
A total of 15 distinct nutrient patterns were identified, covering a broad range of nutritional characteristics, including macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and pure energy food items. A total of 540 associations (15 PCs × 36 disease outcomes) were tested, with 66 associations met the FDR-adjusted (false discovery rate) significance threshold (P < 0.01). Nutrient patterns, especially those characterized by macronutrients, are closely associated with the risk of chronic conditions, including cardiometabolic disorders, neurodegenerative and mental health disorders, chronic liver diseases, as well as respiratory, genitourinary and musculoskeletal system diseases. The conditions most closely associated with dietary nutrients include cardiometabolic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), mental/behavioural disorders, hepatitis/cirrhosis, prostate problems, osteoporosis, and anemia. No nutrient patterns showed significant effects on cancer, autoimmune diseases, or nervous system disorders. Additionally, specific and distinct roles of proteins, fats, free sugars, alcohol, and salt in multimorbidity were identified in the population.
Conclusion
Diverse patterns of nutrient intake have been observed in the population. Nutrient patterns are closely linked to chronic diseases, with distinct disease spectra corresponding to different nutrient patterns. Some patterns correlate significantly with the number of multimorbidities. Our findings highlight balanced nutrient intake’s role in managing chronic disease risk and inform evidence-based dietary interventions.
{"title":"An atlas of associations between dietary nutrients and the risk of 36 major chronic diseases","authors":"Zongjie Luo , Hangyu Chen , Shuqian Huang , Qihua Lai , Xiaoying Hu , Yuan Wang , Yuanqin Wang , Jing Wang , Yanni Li , Fengqiong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diet and nutrition affect chronic diseases, but large-scale evidence on nutrient patterns and disease risk is limited. This study aims to explore nutrient-based dietary patterns and their links to major chronic diseases and multimorbidity risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dietary intake was assessed via dietary questionnaires in 208,312 UK Biobank participants. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to derive principal components (PCs) of 63 nutrients. Cox regression was used to analyze hazard ratios (HRs) for 36 chronic conditions, and negative binomial regression was applied to examine associations of multimorbidity with nutrients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 15 distinct nutrient patterns were identified, covering a broad range of nutritional characteristics, including macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and pure energy food items. A total of 540 associations (15 PCs × 36 disease outcomes) were tested, with 66 associations met the FDR-adjusted (false discovery rate) significance threshold (<em>P</em> < 0.01). Nutrient patterns, especially those characterized by macronutrients, are closely associated with the risk of chronic conditions, including cardiometabolic disorders, neurodegenerative and mental health disorders, chronic liver diseases, as well as respiratory, genitourinary and musculoskeletal system diseases. The conditions most closely associated with dietary nutrients include cardiometabolic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), mental/behavioural disorders, hepatitis/cirrhosis, prostate problems, osteoporosis, and anemia. No nutrient patterns showed significant effects on cancer, autoimmune diseases, or nervous system disorders. Additionally, specific and distinct roles of proteins, fats, free sugars, alcohol, and salt in multimorbidity were identified in the population.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Diverse patterns of nutrient intake have been observed in the population. Nutrient patterns are closely linked to chronic diseases, with distinct disease spectra corresponding to different nutrient patterns. Some patterns correlate significantly with the number of multimorbidities. Our findings highlight balanced nutrient intake’s role in managing chronic disease risk and inform evidence-based dietary interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100785"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although the associations between frailty and nutrition have been reported, no studies have focused on frailty recovery in relation to dietary diversity. This study aimed to clarify the association between frailty recovery and dietary variety, assessed using the Dietary Variety Score (DVS), over a 1-year period.
Methods
A prospective cohort study conducted in City A, Tochigi prefecture, Japan, included 353 individuals aged 73 and 78 years in 2023 who responded to surveys in both 2023 and 2024. The Kihon Checklist (KCL) and DVS were used for assessments. According to the KCL results, participants who were robust in both years or who improved from frailty or pre-frailty in 2023 to robust in 2024 were classified as the “robust-maintained/-recovered group,” and all other participants were classified as “others.” Statistical analyses included group comparisons and binomial logistic regression analysis to examine factors associated with the robust-maintained/-recovered group using DVS categories (high/low) or ten individual food groups as independent variables.
Results
The robust-maintained/-recovered group had a higher frequency of egg, soybean, soybean product, seaweed, potato, and fruit consumption. Furthermore, High DVS at baseline was significantly associated with the robust-maintained/-recovered group (odds ratio = 2.32, p < 0.001). A similar association was observed for soybean products (odds ratio = 1.83, p = 0.008).
Conclusions
These findings suggest that sustained dietary diversity may be an effective strategy for recovery from frailty in older adults. Specifically, intake of traditional Japanese foods such as soybean products and “small food add-ons” such as seaweeds and fruits may offer a valuable approach to its management.
{"title":"Association between frailty recovery and dietary variety among community-dwelling older Japanese adults: a longitudinal study from 2023 to 2024","authors":"Tamaki Hirose , Yohei Sawaya , Masahiro Ishizaka , Naori Hashimoto , Akira Kubo , Tomohiko Urano","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><div>Although the associations between frailty and nutrition have been reported, no studies have focused on frailty recovery in relation to dietary diversity. This study aimed to clarify the association between frailty recovery and dietary variety, assessed using the Dietary Variety Score (DVS), over a 1-year period.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective cohort study conducted in City A, Tochigi prefecture, Japan, included 353 individuals aged 73 and 78 years in 2023 who responded to surveys in both 2023 and 2024. The Kihon Checklist (KCL) and DVS were used for assessments. According to the KCL results, participants who were robust in both years or who improved from frailty or pre-frailty in 2023 to robust in 2024 were classified as the “robust-maintained/-recovered group,” and all other participants were classified as “others.” Statistical analyses included group comparisons and binomial logistic regression analysis to examine factors associated with the robust-maintained/-recovered group using DVS categories (high/low) or ten individual food groups as independent variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The robust-maintained/-recovered group had a higher frequency of egg, soybean, soybean product, seaweed, potato, and fruit consumption. Furthermore, High DVS at baseline was significantly associated with the robust-maintained/-recovered group (odds ratio = 2.32, p < 0.001). A similar association was observed for soybean products (odds ratio = 1.83, p = 0.008).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that sustained dietary diversity may be an effective strategy for recovery from frailty in older adults. Specifically, intake of traditional Japanese foods such as soybean products and “small food add-ons” such as seaweeds and fruits may offer a valuable approach to its management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100783"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To assess dementia risk after incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) by age at diagnosis and evaluate modification by treatment, genetic susceptibility, and mitochondrial function.
Design
Prospective 1:1 age- and sex-matched cohort study using inverse-probability-weighted Cox models.
Setting
Kunshan Aging Research with E-health (KARE) cohort in China (2018–2024).
Participants
42,514 adults without diabetes or dementia at baseline, including 21,257 incident T2D cases and 21,257 non-diabetic controls.
Measurements
Outcomes were all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) from linked medical records and annual examinations. T2D onset age was grouped as 45–54 years, 55–64 years, and persons 65 years and older. In genotyped participants (n = 14,455), a T2D polygenic risk score (PRS) and blood mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) were examined.
Results
Over a median 3.67 years, incident T2D was associated with higher risks of all-cause dementia (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.95, 95% CI 1.71–2.21), AD (2.21, 1.88–2.59), and VaD (1.57, 1.20–2.07). Glucose-lowering treatment was associated with lower dementia risk versus no treatment. Among patients aged 55–64 years, the low-PRS/low-mtDNA-CN subgroup had the highest AD risk (AHR 2.41, 95% CI 1.12–5.19).
Conclusion
Age at T2D onset was associated with variation in dementia risk. Earlier diagnosis and treatment were associated with lower observed cognitive risk, while genetic susceptibility and mitochondrial function may inform individualised risk stratification.
目的通过诊断年龄评估2型糖尿病(T2D)发生后痴呆的风险,并评估治疗、遗传易感性和线粒体功能的改变。设计前瞻性1:1年龄和性别匹配队列研究,采用反概率加权Cox模型。基于电子健康(KARE)队列的中国昆山老龄化研究(2018-2024)参与者:42,514名基线时无糖尿病或痴呆的成年人,包括21,257例T2D病例和21,257例非糖尿病对照。测量结果为全因痴呆、阿尔茨海默病(AD)和血管性痴呆(VaD),来自相关医疗记录和年度检查。T2D发病年龄分为45-54岁、55-64岁和65岁及以上。在基因型参与者(n = 14,455)中,检测了T2D多基因风险评分(PRS)和血线粒体DNA拷贝数(mtDNA-CN)。结果在平均3.67年的时间里,T2D的发生与全因痴呆(校正风险比[AHR] 1.95, 95% CI 1.71-2.21)、AD(2.21, 1.88-2.59)和VaD(1.57, 1.20-2.07)的高风险相关。降糖治疗与不治疗相比,痴呆风险更低。在55-64岁的患者中,低prs /低mtdna - cn亚组的AD风险最高(AHR 2.41, 95% CI 1.12-5.19)。结论T2D发病年龄与痴呆风险变化相关。早期诊断和治疗与观察到的较低认知风险相关,而遗传易感性和线粒体功能可能为个体化风险分层提供信息。
{"title":"Age at type 2 diabetes onset and risk of dementia: The modifying role of genetic susceptibility and mitochondrial function","authors":"Wanqing Dong , Qibin Yuan , Benrui Wu , Shiteng Gao , Yingyu Zhang , Ying Pan , Kaixin Zhou , Hongwei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess dementia risk after incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) by age at diagnosis and evaluate modification by treatment, genetic susceptibility, and mitochondrial function.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective 1:1 age- and sex-matched cohort study using inverse-probability-weighted Cox models.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Kunshan Aging Research with E-health (KARE) cohort in China (2018–2024).</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>42,514 adults without diabetes or dementia at baseline, including 21,257 incident T2D cases and 21,257 non-diabetic controls.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Outcomes were all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) from linked medical records and annual examinations. T2D onset age was grouped as 45–54 years, 55–64 years, and persons 65 years and older. In genotyped participants (<em>n</em> = 14,455), a T2D polygenic risk score (PRS) and blood mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a median 3.67 years, incident T2D was associated with higher risks of all-cause dementia (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.95, 95% CI 1.71–2.21), AD (2.21, 1.88–2.59), and VaD (1.57, 1.20–2.07). Glucose-lowering treatment was associated with lower dementia risk versus no treatment. Among patients aged 55–64 years, the low-PRS/low-mtDNA-CN subgroup had the highest AD risk (AHR 2.41, 95% CI 1.12–5.19).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Age at T2D onset was associated with variation in dementia risk. Earlier diagnosis and treatment were associated with lower observed cognitive risk, while genetic susceptibility and mitochondrial function may inform individualised risk stratification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 3","pages":"Article 100780"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100782
Ruiyang Wang , Jiamin Wang
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