Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging最新文献_第6页

Associations of Individual Beverage Types and Substitution with Dementia Risk: A UK Biobank Cohort Study 个体饮料类型和替代与痴呆风险的关联：英国生物银行队列研究

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100740

Jung-Hwan Kim , Yu-Jin Kwon , Yaeji Lee , Taehwa Han , Mi Young Lim , Seok-Jae Heo , Ji-Won Lee

Objectives

The role of beverage consumption in dementia prevention, particularly regarding substitution effects and interactions with modifiable risk factors, remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of major beverage types and their substitution effects with the risk of all-cause dementia.

Design

A prospective cohort study.

Setting and participants

We included 118,963 dementia-free participants (2006–2010 baseline) with complete dietary questionnaires from the UK Biobank.

Measurements

Self-reported intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, natural juices, coffee, and tea was assessed through 24-h dietary recall. The primary outcome was incident all-cause dementia, ascertained through linked primary care, hospital admission, and mortality registration data. Associations between beverage intake and dementia risk were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models, yielding hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Substitution modeling assessed the effects of replacing one beverage with another. Interaction analyses explored variations by modifiable risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, depression, or dyslipidemia.

Results

Over 13.45 years, 992 all-cause dementia cases were recorded. Higher sugar-sweetened beverage intake (>1 glass/day) was associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.28–2.02; P < 0.001). Coffee and tea consumption were associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia. Substituting sugar-sweetened beverages or artificially sweetened beverages with coffee or tea significantly reduced the risk of all-cause dementia. These protective associations were strongest among individuals with obesity, hypertension, depression, or dyslipidemia.

Conclusion

Replacing sugar-sweetened beverages or artificially sweetened beverages with coffee or tea was associated with a reduced risk of dementia, particularly among individuals with modifiable risk factors. These findings support beverage substitution as a simple, targeted strategy for mitigating the risk of dementia.

饮料消费在痴呆症预防中的作用，特别是在替代效应和与可改变的风险因素的相互作用方面，仍不清楚。本研究旨在评估主要饮料类型及其替代效应与全因痴呆风险的关系。设计前瞻性队列研究。环境和参与者我们纳入了118,963名无痴呆的参与者（2006-2010年基线），并从英国生物库中收集了完整的饮食问卷。测量方法：通过24小时的饮食召回来评估含糖饮料、人工加糖饮料、天然果汁、咖啡和茶的自我报告摄入量。主要结局为偶发性全因痴呆，通过相关的初级保健、住院和死亡率登记数据确定。使用Cox比例风险模型评估饮料摄入量与痴呆风险之间的关系，得出风险比（hr）和95%置信区间（ci）。替代模型评估了用一种饮料代替另一种饮料的效果。相互作用分析探讨了可改变的危险因素的变化，包括肥胖、高血压、抑郁或血脂异常。结果在13.45岁期间，共记录992例全因痴呆病例。较高的含糖饮料摄入量（每天1杯）与全因痴呆风险增加相关（HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.28-2.02; P < 0.001）。喝咖啡和茶可以降低患全因痴呆的风险。用咖啡或茶代替含糖饮料或人工加糖饮料可以显著降低患全因痴呆的风险。这些保护性关联在肥胖、高血压、抑郁或血脂异常的个体中最强。结论：用咖啡或茶代替含糖饮料或人工加糖饮料与降低痴呆风险有关，特别是在具有可改变风险因素的个体中。这些发现支持饮料替代作为一种简单的、有针对性的策略来减轻痴呆症的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Potential causes of malnutrition in older adults in primary healthcare—A cross-sectional study 初级卫生保健中老年人营养不良的潜在原因——横断面研究

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100745

Stefan Pfannkuch , Rainer Wirth , Ulrike Trampisch , Dorothee Volkert , Maryam Pourhassan

Objectives

To evaluate the prevalence of the Determinants of Malnutrition in Aged Persons (DoMAP) and identify determinants of malnutrition among older adults attending primary healthcare.

Design and setting

Prospective, observational, monocentric study in primary healthcare.

Participants

500 older adults.

Measurements

Malnutrition was diagnosed using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Potential causes of malnutrition were assessed by the attending physician using the DoMAP model with a 1:1 recruitment of malnourished and non-malnourished older persons.

Results

Malnourished individuals (mean age 81.7 ± 5.0 years; 59% women) exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of almost all DoMAP determinants compared to non-malnourished persons, particularly low intake (88 vs. 11%), high requirements (83 vs. 49%), poor appetite (73 vs. 9%), shopping difficulties (59 vs. 26%), inflammation (81 vs. 49%), gastrointestinal disease (17 vs. 2%), cancer (11 vs. 1%), depression (35 vs. 19%), dementia (21 vs. 6%), polypharmacy (60 vs. 38%), and hospitalization (27 vs. 4%). The mean total determinants count was significantly higher in malnourished participants (14.9 ± 5.0) than in non-malnourished ones (6.8 ± 4.4; p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed low intake as the strongest determinant at Level1; poor appetite, forgetting to eat, shopping difficulties and inflammation at Level2; gastrointestinal disease, cancer and depression at Level3, and frailty and hospitalization at Level4.

Conclusion

This study highlights the complex multifactorial nature of malnutrition in older adults attending primary healthcare, confirming the superior role of low intake and poor appetite among other determinants. The DoMAP model offers a structured framework for potential causative factors of malnutrition in older subjects.

目的评估老年人营养不良决定因素（DoMAP）的患病率，并确定参加初级保健的老年人营养不良决定因素。设计和背景：初级卫生保健前瞻性、观察性、单中心研究。参与者为500名老年人。测量方法：根据全球营养不良领导倡议（GLIM）标准诊断营养不良。营养不良的潜在原因由主治医生使用DoMAP模型进行评估，营养不良和非营养不良老年人的比例为1:1。结果营养不良者平均年龄81.7±5.0岁；与非营养不良的人相比，59%的女性表现出几乎所有DoMAP决定因素的患病率明显更高，特别是低摄入量（88比11%）、高需要量（83比49%）、食欲不振（73比9%）、购物困难（59比26%）、炎症（81比49%）、胃肠道疾病（17比2%）、癌症（11比1%）、抑郁症（35比19%）、痴呆（21比6%）、多种药物（60比38%）和住院（27比4%）。营养不良参与者的平均总决定因子计数（14.9±5.0）显著高于非营养不良参与者（6.8±4.4;p < 0.001）。回归分析显示低摄入量在Level1水平上是最强的决定因素；食欲不振、忘食、购物困难、2级炎症；胃肠疾病、癌症和抑郁为3级，虚弱和住院为4级。结论：本研究强调了接受初级保健的老年人营养不良的复杂多因素性质，证实了低摄入量和食欲不良在其他决定因素中的优越作用。DoMAP模型为老年人营养不良的潜在致病因素提供了一个结构化的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Association Between Omega-3 Supplement Use and Cognitive Function in Korean Older Adults: An 8-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study 韩国老年人服用Omega-3补充剂与认知功能之间的关系：一项8年的纵向队列研究

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100739

Won Man Lee , So Im Ryu , Myoung-Nam Lim , Ji Won Han , Jong Bin Bae , Tae Hui Kim , Kyung Phil Kwak , Bong Jo Kim , Shin Gyeom Kim , Jeong Lan Kim , Seok Woo Moon , Joon Hyuk Park , Seung-Ho Ryu , Dong Woo Lee , Seok Bum Lee , Jung Jae Lee , Dong Young Lee , Ki Woong Kim , Jin Hyeong Jhoo

Objectives

South Korea has a relatively high baseline omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) status due to dietary patterns. However, evidence on additional benefits of O3FA supplementation remains limited. This study examined the 8-year longitudinal effects of O3FA supplement use on cognitive performance among community-dwelling older adults in South Korea.

Design

Prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Setting and participants: Data were from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia (KLOSCAD). A total of 4,949 adults aged ≥60 years (mean age = 69.55 ± 6.56; 44.2% men) were included, and 2,053 completed the 8-year follow-up (2010–2012 to 2018–2020).

Measurements

O3FA supplement use was assessed through structured questionnaires on regular intake of omega-3 or fish oil supplements. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Korean version of Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Packet Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (CERAD-K[N]), and total and memory domain scores were analyzed. Longitudinal changes were examined using repeated measures analysis of covariance and linear mixed-effects models (LMMs; unweighted and weighted), adjusting for potential covariates.

Results

Over the 8 years, CERAD-K[N] (t = −2.686, p = .007) and memory domain (t = −4.026, p < .001) scores significantly improved among O3FA users. In the weighted LMM, significant time × supplement duration interactions were observed (CERAD-K[N]: β = 2.398, 95% CI 1.207–3.589, p < .001; memory: β = 1.050, 95% CI 0.643–1.456, p < .001), indicating greater improvement in long-term users.

Conclusion

O3FA supplement use was associated with better maintenance of cognitive function over eight years. These findings suggest a potential role of O3FA supplementation in supporting cognitive health during aging.

韩国由于饮食模式的原因，其omega-3脂肪酸（O3FA）的基线水平相对较高。然而，关于补充O3FA的额外益处的证据仍然有限。本研究考察了韩国社区老年人服用O3FA补充剂对认知表现的8年纵向影响。前瞻性纵向队列研究。环境和参与者：数据来自韩国认知衰老和痴呆纵向研究（KLOSCAD）。共纳入4949名年龄≥60岁的成年人（平均年龄69.55±6.56岁，男性44.2%），2053人完成了为期8年的随访（2010-2012至2018-2020）。通过定期摄入omega-3或鱼油补充剂的结构化问卷来评估so3fa补充剂的使用情况。认知表现采用韩国版《阿尔茨海默病评估包神经心理评估系统》（CERAD-K[N]）进行评估，并分析总得分和记忆域得分。纵向变化采用重复测量分析的协方差和线性混合效应模型（lmm；未加权和加权）进行检验，调整潜在协变量。结果8年间，O3FA患者的CERAD-K[N]评分（t = - 2.686, p = .007）和记忆域评分（t = - 4.026, p < .001）均有显著改善。在加权LMM中，观察到显著的时间与补充时间的相互作用（CERAD-K[N]: β = 2.398, 95% CI 1.107 - 3.589, p < .001；记忆：β = 1.050, 95% CI 0.643-1.456, p < .001），表明长期使用者有更大的改善。结论服用o3fa补充剂可更好地维持8年以上的认知功能。这些发现表明补充O3FA在支持衰老过程中的认知健康方面具有潜在作用。

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引用次数: 0

Osteosarcopenic obesity and the progression of physical frailty, cognition function, and mental health: First longitudinal evidence from ELSA 骨骼肌减少性肥胖与身体虚弱、认知功能和心理健康的进展：ELSA的第一个纵向证据

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100744

Qihang Yang , Yibo Qiao , Pengfei Shi , Zongqiang Huang

Background

Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO), the coexistence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity, has been linked to poor health outcomes, but its longitudinal impact on aging-related trajectories remains unclear.

Methods

We used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), including adults aged ≥50 years with up to 14 years of follow-up. Physical frailty, cognitive function, and mental health were assessed every 2 years. OSO components were defined at baseline, and participants were categorized by the number of conditions (OSO/0–3). Linear mixed-effects models estimated the associations of OSO and its components with outcome trajectories, adjusting for covariates. Sensitivity analyses were conducted.

Results

Participants with osteoporosis, sarcopenia, or obesity showed worse progression of frailty and cognition than those without. Mental health exhibited minimal and inconsistent change over time. Increasing OSO burden (from 0 to 3 conditions) was associated with progressively greater frailty and cognitive decline. Sarcopenia was consistently linked to all three outcomes, whereas osteoporosis was primarily associated with frailty progression and obesity with subtle changes in cognition. Sensitivity analyses were largely consistent with the primary analysis.

Conclusions

OSO and its components are important predictors of adverse aging-related trajectories.

骨骼肌减少性肥胖（OSO），即骨质疏松症、骨骼肌减少症和肥胖的共存，与健康状况不佳有关，但其对衰老相关轨迹的纵向影响尚不清楚。方法我们使用来自英国老龄化纵向研究（ELSA）的数据，包括年龄≥50岁的成年人，随访时间长达14年。身体虚弱、认知功能和心理健康每2年进行一次评估。在基线上定义OSO成分，并根据条件数量（OSO/ 0-3）对参与者进行分类。线性混合效应模型估计了OSO及其组成部分与结果轨迹的关联，并对协变量进行了调整。进行敏感性分析。结果患有骨质疏松症、肌肉减少症或肥胖的参与者在虚弱和认知方面的进展比没有骨质疏松症、肌肉减少症或肥胖的参与者更糟。随着时间的推移，心理健康表现出最小且不一致的变化。OSO负担的增加（从0到3）与逐渐加重的虚弱和认知能力下降有关。骨骼肌减少症一直与这三种结果有关，而骨质疏松症主要与虚弱的进展和认知的微妙变化有关。敏感性分析与初步分析基本一致。结论soso及其组分是不良衰老相关轨迹的重要预测因子。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of Seven Sarcopenia Screening Tools in Older Type 2 Diabetes Patients Using Four Diagnostic Criteria 老年2型糖尿病7种骨骼肌减少症筛查工具4种诊断标准的比较

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100732

Qiao Liu , Miaomiao Wang , Qiaoling Yang , Hui Liu , Lu Han , Ni Sang , Li Cheng

Objectives

To compare the diagnostic accuracy of seven sarcopenia screening tools against four international guidelines.

Methods

This cross-sectional study recruited 330 Chinese older patients from a tertiary hospital. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on muscle mass, strength, and physical performance using four guidelines: the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus, The updated version of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project (FNIH), and the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS). Seven screening tools included: SARC-F, MSRA-7, MSRA-5, Calf Circumference (CC), Finger-ring Test, SARC-CalF, and Ishii Score. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, including area under the curve (AUC).

Results

This study enrolled 330 older adults with type 2 diabetes, including 172 women and 158 men, with a mean age of 68.35 ± 6.32 years. Sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 7.58% to 27.27%. The Ishii Score showed the highest accuracy for screening sarcopenia in older patients with T2DM. Under the 2019 consensus of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria, sensitivity ranged from 13.33% (SARC-F) to 80.00% (Ishii Score), and specificity ranged from 27.92% (MSRA-7) to 91.67% (SARC-F). AUCs ranged from 0.51 (MSRA-5) to 0.79 (Ishii Score). In subgroup analyses, the Ishii Score also demonstrated the highest AUC values in men (0.79) and in women (0.83). The performance of tools varied against other three golden standards, with sensitivity (8.00%–98.04%), specificity (27.21%–91.67%), and AUC (0.51–0.88).

Conclusions

The Ishii score demonstrated the highest overall diagnostic accuracy for sarcopenia screening. CC may be ideal for rapid screening, while SARC-F suits confirmatory testing. Further validation of these tools in diverse settings is needed.

目的比较7种肌少症筛查工具与4种国际指南的诊断准确性。方法采用横断面研究方法，从某三级医院招募330例老年患者。肌少症的诊断基于肌肉质量、力量和身体表现，采用四项指南：亚洲肌少症工作组（AWGS） 2019共识、欧洲老年人肌少症工作组（EWGSOP2）更新版本、美国国立卫生研究院肌少症项目基金会（FNIH）和国际肌少症工作组（IWGS）。7种筛查工具包括：SARC-F、MSRA-7、MSRA-5、小腿围度（CC）、指环试验、SARC-CalF和Ishii评分。采用敏感性、特异性和受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析（包括曲线下面积（AUC））评估诊断准确性。结果本研究纳入330例老年2型糖尿病患者，其中女性172例，男性158例，平均年龄68.35±6.32岁。骨骼肌减少症患病率为7.58% ~ 27.27%。Ishii评分在老年T2DM患者中筛查肌肉减少症的准确性最高。根据2019年亚洲肌少症标准工作组的共识，敏感性从13.33% （SARC-F）到80.00% （Ishii评分），特异性从27.92% （MSRA-7）到91.67% （SARC-F）。auc范围从0.51 （MSRA-5）到0.79 （Ishii Score）。在亚组分析中，Ishii评分也显示男性（0.79）和女性（0.83）的AUC值最高。该工具的灵敏度（8.00% ~ 98.04%）、特异性（27.21% ~ 91.67%）和AUC（0.51 ~ 0.88）与其他三个金标准不同。结论Ishii评分在肌少症筛查中具有最高的总体诊断准确性。CC可能是理想的快速筛选，而SARC-F适合确认测试。需要在不同环境下对这些工具进行进一步验证。

{"title":"Comparison of Seven Sarcopenia Screening Tools in Older Type 2 Diabetes Patients Using Four Diagnostic Criteria","authors":"Qiao Liu , Miaomiao Wang , Qiaoling Yang , Hui Liu , Lu Han , Ni Sang , Li Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To compare the diagnostic accuracy of seven sarcopenia screening tools against four international guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study recruited 330 Chinese older patients from a tertiary hospital. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on muscle mass, strength, and physical performance using four guidelines: the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus, The updated version of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project (FNIH), and the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS). Seven screening tools included: SARC-F, MSRA-7, MSRA-5, Calf Circumference (CC), Finger-ring Test, SARC-CalF, and Ishii Score. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, including area under the curve (AUC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study enrolled 330 older adults with type 2 diabetes, including 172 women and 158 men, with a mean age of 68.35 ± 6.32 years. Sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 7.58% to 27.27%. The Ishii Score showed the highest accuracy for screening sarcopenia in older patients with T2DM. Under the 2019 consensus of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria, sensitivity ranged from 13.33% (SARC-F) to 80.00% (Ishii Score), and specificity ranged from 27.92% (MSRA-7) to 91.67% (SARC-F). AUCs ranged from 0.51 (MSRA-5) to 0.79 (Ishii Score). In subgroup analyses, the Ishii Score also demonstrated the highest AUC values in men (0.79) and in women (0.83). The performance of tools varied against other three golden standards, with sensitivity (8.00%–98.04%), specificity (27.21%–91.67%), and AUC (0.51–0.88).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Ishii score demonstrated the highest overall diagnostic accuracy for sarcopenia screening. CC may be ideal for rapid screening, while SARC-F suits confirmatory testing. Further validation of these tools in diverse settings is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anthropometrically estimated calf muscle circumference is a marker for early detection of muscle mass decline in older adults: Second report 人体测量法估计小腿肌肉周长是早期检测老年人肌肉质量下降的标志：第二份报告

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100729

Ryo Sato , Yohei Sawaya , Tamaki Hirose , Takahiro Shiba , Lu Yin , Shuntaro Tsuji , Tomohiko Urano

引用次数: 0

Comparing various frailty instruments for predicting adverse outcomes in older patients hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections 比较各种虚弱仪器预测老年下呼吸道感染住院患者不良结局的效果

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100733

Bingxuan Weng , Jin Jin , Lixue Huang , Yu Wang , Wenshu Jiao , Jingnan Li , Meng Ma , Mengyuan Wang , Xunliang Tong , Yanming Li

Objective

Frailty is increasingly recognized in older adults with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), yet the optimal assessment tool and its prognostic value remain unclear. This study evaluates the prevalence, inter-tool agreement, and predictive performance of four frailty measures in this population.

Methods

Older adults hospitalized with LRTIs were prospectively enrolled. Frailty was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP), FRAIL Scale (FS), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The primary outcome was 1-year mortality; secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality and decline in activities of daily living (ADL) at discharge and 1 year. Inter-tool agreement was assessed using Cohen’s kappa, and predictive performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

Results

Of 361 patients (median age 74 years; 61.5% male), frailty prevalence ranged from 18.0% (CFS) to 57.3% (SPPB), with fair to moderate inter-tool agreement. In-hospital and 1-year mortality were 1.4% and 11.5%, respectively. ADL decline occurred in 18.3% at discharge and 21.6% at 1 year. All tools were associated with 1-year mortality, but only the FFP and SPPB were associated with ADL decline.

The FFP demonstrated the the most consistent discriminative performance, with relatively high AUC and a good trade-off between sensitivity and specificity. The CFS exhibited high specificity (0.823–0.881), whereas the SPPB demonstrated high sensitivity (0.724–1.000) across different outcomes. None of the tools adequately predicted 1-year ADL decline (AUC < 0.600).

Conclusions

Frailty is prevalent and prognostic in older adults with LRTIs. The FFP provided consistent prediction of mortality and short-term ADL decline, the CFS was effective for confirming high-risk patients, and the SPPB was useful for early risk screening. The limited prediction of long-term functional decline highlights the need for LRTIs-specific frailty assessment instruments.

目的：老年人下呼吸道感染（LRTIs）越来越多地认识到虚弱，但最佳评估工具及其预后价值尚不清楚。本研究评估了该人群中四种脆弱性测量的患病率、工具间一致性和预测性能。方法前瞻性纳入6例成人下呼吸道感染住院患者。使用临床虚弱量表（CFS）、油炸虚弱表型（FFP）、虚弱量表（FS）和短物理性能电池（SPPB）评估虚弱程度。主要结局为1年死亡率；次要结局包括住院死亡率和出院时和1年的日常生活活动（ADL）下降。使用Cohen 's kappa评估工具间的一致性，并通过受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUROC）评估预测性能。结果361例患者（中位年龄74岁，男性61.5%），虚弱患病率从18.0% （CFS）到57.3% （SPPB）不等，工具间一致。住院和1年死亡率分别为1.4%和11.5%。出院时ADL下降18.3%，1年后下降21.6%。所有工具均与1年死亡率相关，但只有FFP和SPPB与ADL下降相关。FFP表现出最一致的鉴别性能，具有相对较高的AUC和良好的敏感性和特异性之间的权衡。CFS表现出高特异性（0.823-0.881），而SPPB在不同结果中表现出高敏感性（0.724-1.000）。没有一种工具能充分预测1年ADL下降（AUC < 0.600）。结论老年下呼吸道感染患者普遍存在虚弱，影响预后。FFP对死亡率和短期ADL下降提供了一致的预测，CFS对确认高危患者有效，SPPB可用于早期风险筛查。对长期功能衰退的有限预测突出了对lrtis特异性脆弱性评估工具的需求。

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引用次数: 0

Sex-specific associations between physical activity and cardiovascular disease under air pollution among the middle-aged and elderly population: A nationwide cross-sectional study in China 空气污染下中老年人群体力活动与心血管疾病之间的性别特异性关联：中国一项全国性横断面研究

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100731

Huilong Xie , Xuebing Sun , Liyu Huang , Tao Wang , Qi Yu , Min Hu , Jingwen Liao

Introduction

Moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is known to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but its role in mitigating or exacerbating this risk under exposure to air pollution remains unclear. This study investigates the associations between MVPA and CVD in the context of air pollution among both sexes.

Methods

This nationwide, cross-sectional study included 17,138 middle-aged and elderly people from the 2018 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data on air pollutants, including particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and air quality index, were obtained from the China High Air Pollutants dataset and the Science Data Bank. CVD was identified based on self-reported physician diagnoses of heart disease or stroke.

Results

More physically active participants were associated with lower CVD prevalence, while all air pollutants were linked to higher prevalence in the top exposure quartile. Physically inactive individuals exhibited the highest CVD prevalence across different levels of air pollution. Under high levels of air pollution, MVPA generally exhibited an inverse association with CVD prevalence in males (P for overall < 0.05), but not in females (P for overall > 0.05). In addition, MVPA duration positively mediated the associations between air pollutant exposure and CVD prevalence, with mediation proportions ranging from 10.10 to 33.30% in females and 5.14 to 7.53% in males.

Conclusions

This study highlights that, under high levels of air pollution, the inverse association between MVPA and CVD prevalence was generally observed among males. Moreover, MVPA mediates the relationships between all air pollutants and CVD prevalence.

中等强度的身体活动（MVPA）已知可以降低心血管疾病（CVD）的风险，但在暴露于空气污染的情况下，其在减轻或加剧这种风险方面的作用尚不清楚。本研究调查了在空气污染的背景下MVPA和心血管疾病在两性之间的关系。方法：这项全国性的横断面研究纳入了2018年中国健康与退休纵向研究浪潮中的17138名中老年人。使用国际身体活动问卷对身体活动进行评估。空气污染物数据包括颗粒物、二氧化硫、臭氧、二氧化氮、一氧化碳和空气质量指数，数据来自中国高空气污染物数据集和科学数据库。心血管疾病是根据医生自我报告的心脏病或中风诊断来确定的。结果更多的体力活动参与者与较低的心血管疾病患病率有关，而所有空气污染物与最高暴露四分之一的较高患病率有关。在不同的空气污染水平中，缺乏运动的个体心血管疾病患病率最高。在高水平空气污染下，MVPA与男性心血管疾病患病率呈负相关（P < 0.05），而与女性无相关（P < 0.05）。此外，MVPA持续时间正介导了空气污染物暴露与心血管疾病患病率之间的关系，其中女性的中介比例为10.10 ~ 33.30%，男性为5.14 ~ 7.53%。结论在高水平空气污染条件下，MVPA与心血管疾病患病率呈负相关。此外，MVPA介导了所有空气污染物与心血管疾病患病率之间的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Anaemia, Iron Deficiency, and Functional Outcomes in Rural Older Indians: Insights from the Odisha Tribal Family Health Survey 贫血、缺铁和印度农村老年人的功能结局：来自奥里萨邦部落家庭健康调查的见解

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100730

Jaya Singh Kshatri , Kavitha AK , Haimanti Bhattacharya , Sanghamitra Pati

引用次数: 0

Associations between High Protein Intake and Cardiovascular Diseases by Age Groups: A Cohort Study 高蛋白摄入与心血管疾病年龄组之间的关系：一项队列研究

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging

Pub Date : 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100727

Cheng Huang , Yuan Yu , Weihao Liang , Jiayong Li , Yilong Wang , Fangfei Wei , Tianyu Xu , Yu Ning , Zhe Zhen , Jia Liu , Wengen Zhu , Yugang Dong , Chen Liu , Peisen Huang

Background

The association between high protein intake and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was conflicting and the role of age in this relationship was rarely studied. This study aimed to examine the association of high protein diet with the risk of CVD and the interaction of age in this association.

Methods

Participants from UK biobank (2007–2023) with at least 1 dietary questionnaire and without history of chronic diseases at baseline were included. High-protein diet was defined as protein intake ≥1.8 g·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Cox regression analyses and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analyses were performed.

Results

Among 19420 participants, the median (IQR) age was 54 (14) years and 14137 (72.8%) were women. With a follow-up of 256258.9 person-years, 967 MACEs occurred. After adjusting for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors, participants with high-protein intake had higher risk of MACE compared with participants with low-protein intake (HR = 1.21, 95% CI, 1.02–1.44, P = 0.027). High-protein diet was also associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality, heart failure, myocardial infarction and CVD death (HR = 1.39, 95% CI, 1.17–1.65, P < 0.001; HR = 1.43, 95% CI, 1.07–1.92, P = 0.015; HR = 1.50, 95% CI, 1.07–2.10, P = 0.019; HR = 1.73, 95% CI, 1.12–2.65, P = 0.013, respectively). Among participants aged over 55 years, high protein intake was associated with higher risk of MACE (HR = 1.36, 95% CI, 1.13-1.63, P = 0.001). Whereas, among participants younger than 55 years, the association was not significant (HR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.51–1.11, P = 0.099, P_interaction = 0.003). Similar interaction between age and high protein diet was witnessed in the association of high protein intake and stroke (P_interaction = 0.019).

Conclusions

Higher protein intake was related to higher incidence of MACE in participants over 55 years old, but the association was not evident in their counterparts younger than 55 years old.

背景：高蛋白摄入与心血管疾病（CVD）之间的关系是相互矛盾的，年龄在这种关系中的作用很少被研究。本研究旨在探讨高蛋白饮食与心血管疾病风险的关系以及年龄在这种关系中的相互作用。方法：受试者来自英国生物银行（2007-2023），至少有1份饮食问卷，基线时无慢性疾病史。高蛋白饮食定义为蛋白质摄入量≥1.8 g·kg-1·day-1。主要终点为主要不良心血管事件（MACE）。采用Cox回归分析和限制性三次样条（RCS）回归分析。结果：在19420名参与者中，中位（IQR）年龄为54（14）岁，14137（72.8%）为女性。随访256258.9人年，发生967例mace。在调整了社会人口统计学和心血管危险因素后，高蛋白摄入的参与者与低蛋白摄入的参与者相比，MACE的风险更高（HR = 1.21, 95% CI, 1.02-1.44, P = 0.027）。高蛋白饮食还与全因死亡率、心力衰竭、心肌梗死和心血管疾病死亡的高风险相关（HR = 1.39, 95% CI, 1.17-1.65, P < 0.001; HR = 1.43, 95% CI, 1.07-1.92, P = 0.015; HR = 1.50, 95% CI, 1.07-2.10, P = 0.019; HR = 1.73, 95% CI, 1.12-2.65, P = 0.013）。在55岁以上的参与者中，高蛋白摄入与MACE的高风险相关（HR = 1.36, 95% CI, 1.13-1.63, P = 0.001）。然而，在年龄小于55岁的参与者中，相关性不显著（HR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.51-1.11, P = 0.099, P - interaction = 0.003）。高蛋白饮食与脑卒中的关系中，年龄与高蛋白饮食之间也存在类似的相互作用（p - interaction = 0.019）。结论：在55岁以上的参与者中，较高的蛋白质摄入量与较高的MACE发生率相关，但在55岁以下的参与者中，这种关联并不明显。

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