Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100739
Won Man Lee , So Im Ryu , Myoung-Nam Lim , Ji Won Han , Jong Bin Bae , Tae Hui Kim , Kyung Phil Kwak , Bong Jo Kim , Shin Gyeom Kim , Jeong Lan Kim , Seok Woo Moon , Joon Hyuk Park , Seung-Ho Ryu , Dong Woo Lee , Seok Bum Lee , Jung Jae Lee , Dong Young Lee , Ki Woong Kim , Jin Hyeong Jhoo
Objectives
South Korea has a relatively high baseline omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) status due to dietary patterns. However, evidence on additional benefits of O3FA supplementation remains limited. This study examined the 8-year longitudinal effects of O3FA supplement use on cognitive performance among community-dwelling older adults in South Korea.
Design
Prospective longitudinal cohort study.
Setting and participants: Data were from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia (KLOSCAD). A total of 4,949 adults aged ≥60 years (mean age = 69.55 ± 6.56; 44.2% men) were included, and 2,053 completed the 8-year follow-up (2010–2012 to 2018–2020).
Measurements
O3FA supplement use was assessed through structured questionnaires on regular intake of omega-3 or fish oil supplements. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Korean version of Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Packet Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (CERAD-K[N]), and total and memory domain scores were analyzed. Longitudinal changes were examined using repeated measures analysis of covariance and linear mixed-effects models (LMMs; unweighted and weighted), adjusting for potential covariates.
Results
Over the 8 years, CERAD-K[N] (t = −2.686, p = .007) and memory domain (t = −4.026, p < .001) scores significantly improved among O3FA users. In the weighted LMM, significant time × supplement duration interactions were observed (CERAD-K[N]: β = 2.398, 95% CI 1.207–3.589, p < .001; memory: β = 1.050, 95% CI 0.643–1.456, p < .001), indicating greater improvement in long-term users.
Conclusion
O3FA supplement use was associated with better maintenance of cognitive function over eight years. These findings suggest a potential role of O3FA supplementation in supporting cognitive health during aging.
韩国由于饮食模式的原因，其omega-3脂肪酸（O3FA）的基线水平相对较高。然而，关于补充O3FA的额外益处的证据仍然有限。本研究考察了韩国社区老年人服用O3FA补充剂对认知表现的8年纵向影响。前瞻性纵向队列研究。环境和参与者：数据来自韩国认知衰老和痴呆纵向研究（KLOSCAD）。共纳入4949名年龄≥60岁的成年人（平均年龄69.55±6.56岁，男性44.2%），2053人完成了为期8年的随访（2010-2012至2018-2020）。通过定期摄入omega-3或鱼油补充剂的结构化问卷来评估so3fa补充剂的使用情况。认知表现采用韩国版《阿尔茨海默病评估包神经心理评估系统》（CERAD-K[N]）进行评估，并分析总得分和记忆域得分。纵向变化采用重复测量分析的协方差和线性混合效应模型（lmm；未加权和加权）进行检验，调整潜在协变量。结果8年间，O3FA患者的CERAD-K[N]评分（t = - 2.686, p = .007）和记忆域评分（t = - 4.026, p < .001）均有显著改善。在加权LMM中，观察到显著的时间与补充时间的相互作用（CERAD-K[N]: β = 2.398, 95% CI 1.107 - 3.589, p < .001；记忆：β = 1.050, 95% CI 0.643-1.456, p < .001），表明长期使用者有更大的改善。结论服用o3fa补充剂可更好地维持8年以上的认知功能。这些发现表明补充O3FA在支持衰老过程中的认知健康方面具有潜在作用。
{"title":"Association Between Omega-3 Supplement Use and Cognitive Function in Korean Older Adults: An 8-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study","authors":"Won Man Lee , So Im Ryu , Myoung-Nam Lim , Ji Won Han , Jong Bin Bae , Tae Hui Kim , Kyung Phil Kwak , Bong Jo Kim , Shin Gyeom Kim , Jeong Lan Kim , Seok Woo Moon , Joon Hyuk Park , Seung-Ho Ryu , Dong Woo Lee , Seok Bum Lee , Jung Jae Lee , Dong Young Lee , Ki Woong Kim , Jin Hyeong Jhoo","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>South Korea has a relatively high baseline omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) status due to dietary patterns. However, evidence on additional benefits of O3FA supplementation remains limited. This study examined the 8-year longitudinal effects of O3FA supplement use on cognitive performance among community-dwelling older adults in South Korea.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective longitudinal cohort study.</div><div>Setting and participants: Data were from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia (KLOSCAD). A total of 4,949 adults aged ≥60 years (mean age = 69.55 ± 6.56; 44.2% men) were included, and 2,053 completed the 8-year follow-up (2010–2012 to 2018–2020).</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>O3FA supplement use was assessed through structured questionnaires on regular intake of omega-3 or fish oil supplements. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Korean version of Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Packet Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (CERAD-K[N]), and total and memory domain scores were analyzed. Longitudinal changes were examined using repeated measures analysis of covariance and linear mixed-effects models (LMMs; unweighted and weighted), adjusting for potential covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over the 8 years, CERAD-K[N] (t = −2.686, p = .007) and memory domain (t = −4.026, p < .001) scores significantly improved among O3FA users. In the weighted LMM, significant time × supplement duration interactions were observed (CERAD-K[N]: β = 2.398, 95% CI 1.207–3.589, p < .001; memory: β = 1.050, 95% CI 0.643–1.456, p < .001), indicating greater improvement in long-term users.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>O3FA supplement use was associated with better maintenance of cognitive function over eight years. These findings suggest a potential role of O3FA supplementation in supporting cognitive health during aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100739"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100744
Qihang Yang , Yibo Qiao , Pengfei Shi , Zongqiang Huang
Background
Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO), the coexistence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity, has been linked to poor health outcomes, but its longitudinal impact on aging-related trajectories remains unclear.
Methods
We used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), including adults aged ≥50 years with up to 14 years of follow-up. Physical frailty, cognitive function, and mental health were assessed every 2 years. OSO components were defined at baseline, and participants were categorized by the number of conditions (OSO/0–3). Linear mixed-effects models estimated the associations of OSO and its components with outcome trajectories, adjusting for covariates. Sensitivity analyses were conducted.
Results
Participants with osteoporosis, sarcopenia, or obesity showed worse progression of frailty and cognition than those without. Mental health exhibited minimal and inconsistent change over time. Increasing OSO burden (from 0 to 3 conditions) was associated with progressively greater frailty and cognitive decline. Sarcopenia was consistently linked to all three outcomes, whereas osteoporosis was primarily associated with frailty progression and obesity with subtle changes in cognition. Sensitivity analyses were largely consistent with the primary analysis.
Conclusions
OSO and its components are important predictors of adverse aging-related trajectories.
{"title":"Osteosarcopenic obesity and the progression of physical frailty, cognition function, and mental health: First longitudinal evidence from ELSA","authors":"Qihang Yang , Yibo Qiao , Pengfei Shi , Zongqiang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO), the coexistence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity, has been linked to poor health outcomes, but its longitudinal impact on aging-related trajectories remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), including adults aged ≥50 years with up to 14 years of follow-up. Physical frailty, cognitive function, and mental health were assessed every 2 years. OSO components were defined at baseline, and participants were categorized by the number of conditions (OSO/0–3). Linear mixed-effects models estimated the associations of OSO and its components with outcome trajectories, adjusting for covariates. Sensitivity analyses were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants with osteoporosis, sarcopenia, or obesity showed worse progression of frailty and cognition than those without. Mental health exhibited minimal and inconsistent change over time. Increasing OSO burden (from 0 to 3 conditions) was associated with progressively greater frailty and cognitive decline. Sarcopenia was consistently linked to all three outcomes, whereas osteoporosis was primarily associated with frailty progression and obesity with subtle changes in cognition. Sensitivity analyses were largely consistent with the primary analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>OSO and its components are important predictors of adverse aging-related trajectories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100744"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100732
Qiao Liu , Miaomiao Wang , Qiaoling Yang , Hui Liu , Lu Han , Ni Sang , Li Cheng
Objectives
To compare the diagnostic accuracy of seven sarcopenia screening tools against four international guidelines.
Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited 330 Chinese older patients from a tertiary hospital. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on muscle mass, strength, and physical performance using four guidelines: the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus, The updated version of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project (FNIH), and the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS). Seven screening tools included: SARC-F, MSRA-7, MSRA-5, Calf Circumference (CC), Finger-ring Test, SARC-CalF, and Ishii Score. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, including area under the curve (AUC).
Results
This study enrolled 330 older adults with type 2 diabetes, including 172 women and 158 men, with a mean age of 68.35 ± 6.32 years. Sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 7.58% to 27.27%. The Ishii Score showed the highest accuracy for screening sarcopenia in older patients with T2DM. Under the 2019 consensus of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria, sensitivity ranged from 13.33% (SARC-F) to 80.00% (Ishii Score), and specificity ranged from 27.92% (MSRA-7) to 91.67% (SARC-F). AUCs ranged from 0.51 (MSRA-5) to 0.79 (Ishii Score). In subgroup analyses, the Ishii Score also demonstrated the highest AUC values in men (0.79) and in women (0.83). The performance of tools varied against other three golden standards, with sensitivity (8.00%–98.04%), specificity (27.21%–91.67%), and AUC (0.51–0.88).
Conclusions
The Ishii score demonstrated the highest overall diagnostic accuracy for sarcopenia screening. CC may be ideal for rapid screening, while SARC-F suits confirmatory testing. Further validation of these tools in diverse settings is needed.
{"title":"Comparison of Seven Sarcopenia Screening Tools in Older Type 2 Diabetes Patients Using Four Diagnostic Criteria","authors":"Qiao Liu , Miaomiao Wang , Qiaoling Yang , Hui Liu , Lu Han , Ni Sang , Li Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To compare the diagnostic accuracy of seven sarcopenia screening tools against four international guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study recruited 330 Chinese older patients from a tertiary hospital. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on muscle mass, strength, and physical performance using four guidelines: the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus, The updated version of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project (FNIH), and the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS). Seven screening tools included: SARC-F, MSRA-7, MSRA-5, Calf Circumference (CC), Finger-ring Test, SARC-CalF, and Ishii Score. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, including area under the curve (AUC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study enrolled 330 older adults with type 2 diabetes, including 172 women and 158 men, with a mean age of 68.35 ± 6.32 years. Sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 7.58% to 27.27%. The Ishii Score showed the highest accuracy for screening sarcopenia in older patients with T2DM. Under the 2019 consensus of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria, sensitivity ranged from 13.33% (SARC-F) to 80.00% (Ishii Score), and specificity ranged from 27.92% (MSRA-7) to 91.67% (SARC-F). AUCs ranged from 0.51 (MSRA-5) to 0.79 (Ishii Score). In subgroup analyses, the Ishii Score also demonstrated the highest AUC values in men (0.79) and in women (0.83). The performance of tools varied against other three golden standards, with sensitivity (8.00%–98.04%), specificity (27.21%–91.67%), and AUC (0.51–0.88).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Ishii score demonstrated the highest overall diagnostic accuracy for sarcopenia screening. CC may be ideal for rapid screening, while SARC-F suits confirmatory testing. Further validation of these tools in diverse settings is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100729
Ryo Sato , Yohei Sawaya , Tamaki Hirose , Takahiro Shiba , Lu Yin , Shuntaro Tsuji , Tomohiko Urano
{"title":"Anthropometrically estimated calf muscle circumference is a marker for early detection of muscle mass decline in older adults: Second report","authors":"Ryo Sato , Yohei Sawaya , Tamaki Hirose , Takahiro Shiba , Lu Yin , Shuntaro Tsuji , Tomohiko Urano","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100729","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100729"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100733
Bingxuan Weng , Jin Jin , Lixue Huang , Yu Wang , Wenshu Jiao , Jingnan Li , Meng Ma , Mengyuan Wang , Xunliang Tong , Yanming Li
Objective
Frailty is increasingly recognized in older adults with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), yet the optimal assessment tool and its prognostic value remain unclear. This study evaluates the prevalence, inter-tool agreement, and predictive performance of four frailty measures in this population.
Methods
Older adults hospitalized with LRTIs were prospectively enrolled. Frailty was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP), FRAIL Scale (FS), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The primary outcome was 1-year mortality; secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality and decline in activities of daily living (ADL) at discharge and 1 year. Inter-tool agreement was assessed using Cohen’s kappa, and predictive performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).
Results
Of 361 patients (median age 74 years; 61.5% male), frailty prevalence ranged from 18.0% (CFS) to 57.3% (SPPB), with fair to moderate inter-tool agreement. In-hospital and 1-year mortality were 1.4% and 11.5%, respectively. ADL decline occurred in 18.3% at discharge and 21.6% at 1 year. All tools were associated with 1-year mortality, but only the FFP and SPPB were associated with ADL decline.
The FFP demonstrated the the most consistent discriminative performance, with relatively high AUC and a good trade-off between sensitivity and specificity. The CFS exhibited high specificity (0.823–0.881), whereas the SPPB demonstrated high sensitivity (0.724–1.000) across different outcomes. None of the tools adequately predicted 1-year ADL decline (AUC < 0.600).
Conclusions
Frailty is prevalent and prognostic in older adults with LRTIs. The FFP provided consistent prediction of mortality and short-term ADL decline, the CFS was effective for confirming high-risk patients, and the SPPB was useful for early risk screening. The limited prediction of long-term functional decline highlights the need for LRTIs-specific frailty assessment instruments.
{"title":"Comparing various frailty instruments for predicting adverse outcomes in older patients hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections","authors":"Bingxuan Weng , Jin Jin , Lixue Huang , Yu Wang , Wenshu Jiao , Jingnan Li , Meng Ma , Mengyuan Wang , Xunliang Tong , Yanming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Frailty is increasingly recognized in older adults with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), yet the optimal assessment tool and its prognostic value remain unclear. This study evaluates the prevalence, inter-tool agreement, and predictive performance of four frailty measures in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Older adults hospitalized with LRTIs were prospectively enrolled. Frailty was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP), FRAIL Scale (FS), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The primary outcome was 1-year mortality; secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality and decline in activities of daily living (ADL) at discharge and 1 year. Inter-tool agreement was assessed using Cohen’s kappa, and predictive performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 361 patients (median age 74 years; 61.5% male), frailty prevalence ranged from 18.0% (CFS) to 57.3% (SPPB), with fair to moderate inter-tool agreement. In-hospital and 1-year mortality were 1.4% and 11.5%, respectively. ADL decline occurred in 18.3% at discharge and 21.6% at 1 year. All tools were associated with 1-year mortality, but only the FFP and SPPB were associated with ADL decline.</div><div>The FFP demonstrated the the most consistent discriminative performance, with relatively high AUC and a good trade-off between sensitivity and specificity. The CFS exhibited high specificity (0.823–0.881), whereas the SPPB demonstrated high sensitivity (0.724–1.000) across different outcomes. None of the tools adequately predicted 1-year ADL decline (AUC < 0.600).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Frailty is prevalent and prognostic in older adults with LRTIs. The FFP provided consistent prediction of mortality and short-term ADL decline, the CFS was effective for confirming high-risk patients, and the SPPB was useful for early risk screening. The limited prediction of long-term functional decline highlights the need for LRTIs-specific frailty assessment instruments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100733"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100731
Huilong Xie , Xuebing Sun , Liyu Huang , Tao Wang , Qi Yu , Min Hu , Jingwen Liao
Introduction
Moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is known to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but its role in mitigating or exacerbating this risk under exposure to air pollution remains unclear. This study investigates the associations between MVPA and CVD in the context of air pollution among both sexes.
Methods
This nationwide, cross-sectional study included 17,138 middle-aged and elderly people from the 2018 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data on air pollutants, including particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and air quality index, were obtained from the China High Air Pollutants dataset and the Science Data Bank. CVD was identified based on self-reported physician diagnoses of heart disease or stroke.
Results
More physically active participants were associated with lower CVD prevalence, while all air pollutants were linked to higher prevalence in the top exposure quartile. Physically inactive individuals exhibited the highest CVD prevalence across different levels of air pollution. Under high levels of air pollution, MVPA generally exhibited an inverse association with CVD prevalence in males (P for overall < 0.05), but not in females (P for overall > 0.05). In addition, MVPA duration positively mediated the associations between air pollutant exposure and CVD prevalence, with mediation proportions ranging from 10.10 to 33.30% in females and 5.14 to 7.53% in males.
Conclusions
This study highlights that, under high levels of air pollution, the inverse association between MVPA and CVD prevalence was generally observed among males. Moreover, MVPA mediates the relationships between all air pollutants and CVD prevalence.
{"title":"Sex-specific associations between physical activity and cardiovascular disease under air pollution among the middle-aged and elderly population: A nationwide cross-sectional study in China","authors":"Huilong Xie , Xuebing Sun , Liyu Huang , Tao Wang , Qi Yu , Min Hu , Jingwen Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is known to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but its role in mitigating or exacerbating this risk under exposure to air pollution remains unclear. This study investigates the associations between MVPA and CVD in the context of air pollution among both sexes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This nationwide, cross-sectional study included 17,138 middle-aged and elderly people from the 2018 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data on air pollutants, including particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and air quality index, were obtained from the China High Air Pollutants dataset and the Science Data Bank. CVD was identified based on self-reported physician diagnoses of heart disease or stroke.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>More physically active participants were associated with lower CVD prevalence, while all air pollutants were linked to higher prevalence in the top exposure quartile. Physically inactive individuals exhibited the highest CVD prevalence across different levels of air pollution. Under high levels of air pollution, MVPA generally exhibited an inverse association with CVD prevalence in males (P for overall < 0.05), but not in females (P for overall > 0.05). In addition, MVPA duration positively mediated the associations between air pollutant exposure and CVD prevalence, with mediation proportions ranging from 10.10 to 33.30% in females and 5.14 to 7.53% in males.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights that, under high levels of air pollution, the inverse association between MVPA and CVD prevalence was generally observed among males. Moreover, MVPA mediates the relationships between all air pollutants and CVD prevalence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100730
Jaya Singh Kshatri , Kavitha AK , Haimanti Bhattacharya , Sanghamitra Pati
{"title":"Anaemia, Iron Deficiency, and Functional Outcomes in Rural Older Indians: Insights from the Odisha Tribal Family Health Survey","authors":"Jaya Singh Kshatri , Kavitha AK , Haimanti Bhattacharya , Sanghamitra Pati","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100730","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100730"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100727
Cheng Huang , Yuan Yu , Weihao Liang , Jiayong Li , Yilong Wang , Fangfei Wei , Tianyu Xu , Yu Ning , Zhe Zhen , Jia Liu , Wengen Zhu , Yugang Dong , Chen Liu , Peisen Huang
Background
The association between high protein intake and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was conflicting and the role of age in this relationship was rarely studied. This study aimed to examine the association of high protein diet with the risk of CVD and the interaction of age in this association.
Methods
Participants from UK biobank (2007–2023) with at least 1 dietary questionnaire and without history of chronic diseases at baseline were included. High-protein diet was defined as protein intake ≥1.8 g·kg−1·day−1. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Cox regression analyses and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analyses were performed.
Results
Among 19420 participants, the median (IQR) age was 54 (14) years and 14137 (72.8%) were women. With a follow-up of 256258.9 person-years, 967 MACEs occurred. After adjusting for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors, participants with high-protein intake had higher risk of MACE compared with participants with low-protein intake (HR = 1.21, 95% CI, 1.02–1.44, P = 0.027). High-protein diet was also associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality, heart failure, myocardial infarction and CVD death (HR = 1.39, 95% CI, 1.17–1.65, P < 0.001; HR = 1.43, 95% CI, 1.07–1.92, P = 0.015; HR = 1.50, 95% CI, 1.07–2.10, P = 0.019; HR = 1.73, 95% CI, 1.12–2.65, P = 0.013, respectively). Among participants aged over 55 years, high protein intake was associated with higher risk of MACE (HR = 1.36, 95% CI, 1.13-1.63, P = 0.001). Whereas, among participants younger than 55 years, the association was not significant (HR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.51–1.11, P = 0.099, Pinteraction = 0.003). Similar interaction between age and high protein diet was witnessed in the association of high protein intake and stroke (Pinteraction = 0.019).
Conclusions
Higher protein intake was related to higher incidence of MACE in participants over 55 years old, but the association was not evident in their counterparts younger than 55 years old.
背景：高蛋白摄入与心血管疾病（CVD）之间的关系是相互矛盾的，年龄在这种关系中的作用很少被研究。本研究旨在探讨高蛋白饮食与心血管疾病风险的关系以及年龄在这种关系中的相互作用。方法：受试者来自英国生物银行（2007-2023），至少有1份饮食问卷，基线时无慢性疾病史。高蛋白饮食定义为蛋白质摄入量≥1.8 g·kg-1·day-1。主要终点为主要不良心血管事件（MACE）。采用Cox回归分析和限制性三次样条（RCS）回归分析。结果：在19420名参与者中，中位（IQR）年龄为54（14）岁，14137（72.8%）为女性。随访256258.9人年，发生967例mace。在调整了社会人口统计学和心血管危险因素后，高蛋白摄入的参与者与低蛋白摄入的参与者相比，MACE的风险更高（HR = 1.21, 95% CI, 1.02-1.44, P = 0.027）。高蛋白饮食还与全因死亡率、心力衰竭、心肌梗死和心血管疾病死亡的高风险相关（HR = 1.39, 95% CI, 1.17-1.65, P < 0.001; HR = 1.43, 95% CI, 1.07-1.92, P = 0.015; HR = 1.50, 95% CI, 1.07-2.10, P = 0.019; HR = 1.73, 95% CI, 1.12-2.65, P = 0.013）。在55岁以上的参与者中，高蛋白摄入与MACE的高风险相关（HR = 1.36, 95% CI, 1.13-1.63, P = 0.001）。然而，在年龄小于55岁的参与者中，相关性不显著（HR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.51-1.11, P = 0.099, P - interaction = 0.003）。高蛋白饮食与脑卒中的关系中，年龄与高蛋白饮食之间也存在类似的相互作用（p - interaction = 0.019）。结论：在55岁以上的参与者中，较高的蛋白质摄入量与较高的MACE发生率相关，但在55岁以下的参与者中，这种关联并不明显。
{"title":"Associations between High Protein Intake and Cardiovascular Diseases by Age Groups: A Cohort Study","authors":"Cheng Huang , Yuan Yu , Weihao Liang , Jiayong Li , Yilong Wang , Fangfei Wei , Tianyu Xu , Yu Ning , Zhe Zhen , Jia Liu , Wengen Zhu , Yugang Dong , Chen Liu , Peisen Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The association between high protein intake and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was conflicting and the role of age in this relationship was rarely studied. This study aimed to examine the association of high protein diet with the risk of CVD and the interaction of age in this association.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants from UK biobank (2007–2023) with at least 1 dietary questionnaire and without history of chronic diseases at baseline were included. High-protein diet was defined as protein intake ≥1.8 g·kg<sup>−1</sup>·day<sup>−1</sup>. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Cox regression analyses and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analyses were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 19420 participants, the median (IQR) age was 54 (14) years and 14137 (72.8%) were women. With a follow-up of 256258.9 person-years, 967 MACEs occurred. After adjusting for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors, participants with high-protein intake had higher risk of MACE compared with participants with low-protein intake (HR = 1.21, 95% CI, 1.02–1.44, <em>P</em> = 0.027). High-protein diet was also associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality, heart failure, myocardial infarction and CVD death (HR = 1.39, 95% CI, 1.17–1.65, <em>P</em> < 0.001; HR = 1.43, 95% CI, 1.07–1.92, <em>P</em> = 0.015; HR = 1.50, 95% CI, 1.07–2.10, <em>P</em> = 0.019; HR = 1.73, 95% CI, 1.12–2.65, <em>P</em> = 0.013, respectively). Among participants aged over 55 years, high protein intake was associated with higher risk of MACE (HR = 1.36, 95% CI, 1.13-1.63, <em>P</em> = 0.001). Whereas, among participants younger than 55 years, the association was not significant (HR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.51–1.11, <em>P</em> = 0.099, <em>P<sub>interaction</sub></em> = 0.003). Similar interaction between age and high protein diet was witnessed in the association of high protein intake and stroke (<em>P<sub>interaction</sub></em> = 0.019).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher protein intake was related to higher incidence of MACE in participants over 55 years old, but the association was not evident in their counterparts younger than 55 years old.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100727"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145558459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100725
Xuan Li , Zhi-cheng Yang , Hao Li , Jie Zhang , Ping Zhu , Ming Song , Zhi-hao Wang , Lu Han , Ming Zhong , Bo-ang Hu
Background
Sarcopenia and frailty are interrelated complex geriatric syndromes that are associated with an increased risk of negative health outcomes. The construction of an age-friendly environment (AFE) is a key strategy for promoting health aging, but its associations with sarcopenia and frailty remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between AFE and the incidence of sarcopenia and frailty in older adults.
Methods
A total of 3,261 participants aged ≥60 years were included from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Using a World Health Organization (WHO) AFE framework modified for Chinese context, we constructed an 8-domain, 35-component community environment score. Sarcopenia was defined according to the 2019 consensus guidelines by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, while frailty status was assessed using the frailty index (FI). The longitudinal association between AFE score and the risk of developing incident sarcopenia and frailty was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.
Results
Over a 4-year follow-up, 297 (9.10%) participants developed sarcopenia; and participants with sarcopenia had a higher FI. Compared to the lowest quartile of AFE scores, participants in the highest AFE quartile had a 46% lower risk of incident sarcopenia (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.38−0.77) and a 27% lower risk of incident frailty (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60−0.90), even after comprehensive confounding adjustment. Subgroup analyses showed a significant interaction between independent ADL and AFE was observed for sarcopenia, while significant interactions by residence and health status were observed for frailty.
Conclusions
Our findings underscore that constructing an age-friendly environment is of great significance for the prevention of incident sarcopenia and frailty among older adults in China.
{"title":"Association between Age-Friendly Environment, Sarcopenia and Frailty among Older Adults in China: A Longitudinal Study","authors":"Xuan Li , Zhi-cheng Yang , Hao Li , Jie Zhang , Ping Zhu , Ming Song , Zhi-hao Wang , Lu Han , Ming Zhong , Bo-ang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sarcopenia and frailty are interrelated complex geriatric syndromes that are associated with an increased risk of negative health outcomes. The construction of an age-friendly environment (AFE) is a key strategy for promoting health aging, but its associations with sarcopenia and frailty remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between AFE and the incidence of sarcopenia and frailty in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 3,261 participants aged ≥60 years were included from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Using a World Health Organization (WHO) AFE framework modified for Chinese context, we constructed an 8-domain, 35-component community environment score. Sarcopenia was defined according to the 2019 consensus guidelines by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, while frailty status was assessed using the frailty index (FI). The longitudinal association between AFE score and the risk of developing incident sarcopenia and frailty was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a 4-year follow-up, 297 (9.10%) participants developed sarcopenia; and participants with sarcopenia had a higher FI. Compared to the lowest quartile of AFE scores, participants in the highest AFE quartile had a 46% lower risk of incident sarcopenia (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.38−0.77) and a 27% lower risk of incident frailty (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60−0.90), even after comprehensive confounding adjustment. Subgroup analyses showed a significant interaction between independent ADL and AFE was observed for sarcopenia, while significant interactions by residence and health status were observed for frailty.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings underscore that constructing an age-friendly environment is of great significance for the prevention of incident sarcopenia and frailty among older adults in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"Article 100725"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145558395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100719
Guilan Xie , Chiara Natalie Focacci , Jiajia Li , Ruiqi Wang , Gong Chen
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the link of social participation with progression and reversion of intrinsic capacity (IC).
Design
A prospective cohort study.
Setting and participants
2955 adults aged 60 years and older in China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included in this study.
Measurements
IC was measured by locomotion, vitality, cognition, psychological capacity, and sensory (vision and hearing), and was further divided into intact IC and impaired IC. Social participation was measured by the frequencies of six types of social activities and classified as low, moderate, and high levels by tertiles. Multistate Markov model was employed to investigate the associations of social participation with transitions of intact IC, impaired IC, and death.
Results
Those with moderate or high social participation had higher likelihoods of residing in intact IC and reversion from impaired IC to intact IC, while had lower probabilities of progression from intact IC to impaired IC and from impaired IC to death than those with low social participation over three-year period. Moderate social participation (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.98) and high social participation (HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.96) were related to reduced probabilities for progression from impaired IC to death. High social participation was also related to a 22% reduction of probability for progression from intact IC to impaired IC (HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.98). Those with moderate or high social participation had longer total life expectancy and life expectancy of intact IC than those with low social participation.
Conclusion
Social participation could slow down the IC declines, mitigate mortality, and prolong life expectancy. The findings provide evidence to call for all sectors to embed social participation into healthcare and pension systems to promote healthy, active, and successful ageing, and ultimately support the achievement of universal health coverage.
{"title":"Association of social participation with progression and reversion of intrinsic capacity in older adults: based on multistate model","authors":"Guilan Xie , Chiara Natalie Focacci , Jiajia Li , Ruiqi Wang , Gong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the link of social participation with progression and reversion of intrinsic capacity (IC).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting and participants</h3><div>2955 adults aged 60 years and older in China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>IC was measured by locomotion, vitality, cognition, psychological capacity, and sensory (vision and hearing), and was further divided into intact IC and impaired IC. Social participation was measured by the frequencies of six types of social activities and classified as low, moderate, and high levels by tertiles. Multistate Markov model was employed to investigate the associations of social participation with transitions of intact IC, impaired IC, and death.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Those with moderate or high social participation had higher likelihoods of residing in intact IC and reversion from impaired IC to intact IC, while had lower probabilities of progression from intact IC to impaired IC and from impaired IC to death than those with low social participation over three-year period. Moderate social participation (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.98) and high social participation (HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.96) were related to reduced probabilities for progression from impaired IC to death. High social participation was also related to a 22% reduction of probability for progression from intact IC to impaired IC (HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.98). Those with moderate or high social participation had longer total life expectancy and life expectancy of intact IC than those with low social participation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Social participation could slow down the IC declines, mitigate mortality, and prolong life expectancy. The findings provide evidence to call for all sectors to embed social participation into healthcare and pension systems to promote healthy, active, and successful ageing, and ultimately support the achievement of universal health coverage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100719"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145477215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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