Geomorphology最新文献_第8页

Hazard, and risk modelling of glacial lakes in the Sikkim Himalaya: Integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches for hazard assessment

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109577

Deepali Gaikwad , Reet Kamal Tiwari , Mahesh Kumar , Supratim Guha

Glacial lakes are prone to outburst due to breaching or overtopping of natural dams, leading to Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs). These floods represent a substantial danger to communities downstream and essential infrastructure. To address this issue, it is crucial to investigate certain key factors, including gaining insight into the dynamics of glacial lakes, identifying dangerous ones, and assessing the associated level of risk. In this study, we scrutinized the temporal changes of glacial lakes in the Sikkim Himalaya for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 using Landsat satellite imageries. Furthermore, we performed a hazard assessment of GLOFs in terms of both qualitatively, and quantitatively assessment. Moreover, qualitative evaluation involves seven external triggers and quantitative assessment employed by utilizing the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method, considering six causative factors. Finally, we modelled the degree of risk associated with glacial lakes by quantifying downstream impacts with the help of GIS-based Stochastic Inundation Monte-Carlo Least Cost Path model (MC-LCP). The findings revealed that the number of glacial lakes increased from 309 to 440, with a total area expansion from 22.83 km² to 30.71 km² over the 30-year period. Also, among the 51 glacial lakes susceptible to GLOFs, seven lakes were classified as highly hazardous and another six were deemed to pose high risk. Overall this study contributes to planning field investigations and developing effective mitigation strategies to minimize the significant socio-economic losses caused by GLOFs in the Sikkim Himalaya.

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引用次数: 0

Retrogressive thaw slumps recognition and occurrence analysis using deep learning with satellite remote sensing in the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109581

Fan Wu , Chaowei Jiang , Chao Wang , Lichuan Zou , Tianyang Li , Shaoyang Guan , Yixian Tang

Due to permafrost degradation, retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs) have increasingly occurred in the past decade, altering landscape patterns and ecological environments in permafrost regions while accelerating soil carbon emissions. This study introduces a framework for RTS recognition and occurrence analysis based on deep learning and change analysis techniques. We propose a hybrid convolution and transformer neural network (HCT-Net) to recognize RTSs automatically. The network employs Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical imagery for RTS detection. To effectively integrate the feature extraction capabilities of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Vision Transformer (ViT), a Cross Feature Fusion Module (CFFM) has been developed. With the generated RTS map, Landsat series satellite images spanning from 2001 to 2023 were acquired for long-term observation and analysis of RTSs evolution. The occurrence years of detected RTSs were estimated employing the LandTrendr model, enabling a year-to-year dynamics analysis of RTS development. Focusing on the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), including the Beiluhe basin, Hoh Xil Hill, and Mt. Fenghuo area, covering approximately 49,000 km², experiments have been conducted for RTS recognition and multi-temporal analysis. Results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an Intersection over Union (IOU) and F1 score of 72.95 % and 88.30 % for RTS recognition, outperforming other semantic segmentation methods such as Deeplabv3+, Segformer, UNet, and Swin-UNet. Based on the RTSs detected within the study area during 2001–2023, the occurrence year of the RTSs was estimated. The findings reveal a continuous expansion of RTSs since 2001 and confirm concentrated outbreaks in the years 2010 and 2016. The proposed framework offers a good approach for RTSs recognition and analysis, which can support further research into permafrost degradation.

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引用次数: 0

Unravelling litho-structural and tectonic influences on geomorphic and river longitudinal profile character in the Brahmani River Basin of eastern India

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109574

Aditi Roy , Priyank Pravin Patel , Anjan Sen

The Brahmani River basin in eastern India exhibits marked influence of tectonic and litho-structural control in its incised stream reaches, sharp changes in channel direction and the presence of numerous structural discontinuities. The combined effect of these attributes in shaping the basin geomorphology and landscape character are analysed through detailed morphometric evaluation at the sub-watershed level, overlaying lithological and geomorphic units on relevant terrain parameters extracted from Copernicus-DEM tiles and ancillary map information. Alongside this, we also analyse the longitudinal profile character of the principal stream and its main tributaries to discern knickpoints and their locations in terms of rock types and their possible origins, discerning that these are mostly situated in granitic and quartzite terrain and at elevations above 300 m. Higher values of stream gradient (SL) index indicate regional uplift, and possibly tectonically affected areas, often near vertical knickpoints along fault zones in varying litho-structural units. Computed Chi (χ) plots suggest zones of river capture and drainage divide migration, with χ values decreasing from north to south across the basin and sub-watershed divides shifting towards northwest for the Lawa river, north-eastwards for the Sankh, South Koel and North Karo rivers, and towards southeast for the South Karo river. The probable paleo-surfaces and paleo-profiles of these streams is also reconstructed, based on their present longitudinal elevation and overall uplift extents from m.s.l. are estimated (~540 m uplift and ~45 m uplift in the upper and lower basin zones, respectively). Our analysis makes it evident that most channel segments are not in an equilibrium phase, thus denoting the continued influence of structural and possible latter-day tectonic movements (as evidenced by recent local seismic activity), through reactivation of the crustal-scale basement faults, shear zones and mobile belts that lie astride and across the Brahmani Basin in the Eastern Ghats hills.

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引用次数: 0

New insights into the timing of the Yellow River flowing into the North China Plain: Evidence from detrital zircon UPb geochronology and heavy mineral assemblages of sediments

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109570

Jilong Yang , Chaoyu Zhang , JingYou Wang , Guoqiao Xiao , Qinmian Xu , Ruisheng Chen , Haifan Yuan

Identifying the timing of the Yellow River flowing into the North China Plain (also referred to as the integration of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River or the integration of the Yellow River) is essential for understanding the evolutionary processes of the Yellow River and the North China Plain, as well as the interplay between tectonic deformations and climatic change in this region. This study investigated sediments from borehole S005, drilled in the Yellow River alluvial fan within the Kaifeng sag, Henan Province, using detailed magnetostratigraphic analysis, detrital zircon UPb geochronology, and heavy mineral assemblage analysis. The magnetostratigraphic and optically stimulated luminescence results reveal that sediments in borehole S005 span about 3.33 Ma. Of these sediments, those deposited after about 1.32 Ma exhibit similar detrital zircon UPb age spectra and heavy mineral assemblages to the sediments in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, suggesting that the Yellow River has cut through the Sanmen Gorge and supplied sediments to the North China Plain since about 1.32 Ma. This study excludes the far-field effect of the Late Pliocene uplift of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on the integration of the Yellow River. Additionally, this study proposes that the integration of the Yellow River was triggered by the fluvial incision and headwater erosion associated with the drastic climatic change during the Pleistocene.

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of wave-cut notch formation using digital photogrammetry

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109580

John Barlow

Sea cliffs form more than half of the world's coasts. In wave-dominated environments, recession is driven by abrasion and quarrying at the base of coastal slopes and the formation of a wave-cut notch. Although widely acknowledged, this process has rarely been quantified in the field and relationships with marine boundary conditions have not been established. This study demonstrates the use of digital photogrammetry to monitor the development of a wave-cut notch in Newhaven Chalk, located on the Sussex coast of England, over four years. Results indicate that the base of the notch is aligned to the elevation of peak wave energy. Analysis of the cumulative rate of notch erosion indicates an almost perfect positive correlation (r² = 0.976) with accumulated excess wave energy at the site. Efforts to remove the influence of mass wasting and burial improves this relationship (r² = 0.998). Although this study is site specific, these results offer the potential to improve our understanding of the process response of coastal cliff systems to changes in sea level and wave climate.

引用次数: 0

Discrepancies in dating the expansion of European glaciers during the Last Glacial Cycle

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109566

Juan Ignacio López-Moreno, José M. García-Ruiz

One of the most important problems in glacial geomorphology is the disagreement regarding the dates of glacial advances. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~29 to 19 ka), the generalised advance of mountain glaciers coincided with the greatest extent of ice in the large ice sheets of northern Europe and North America and with the lowest sea level during the Last Glacial Cycle (∼110 to 11.7 ka). The significant number of studies dealing with glacial chronologies during recent decades and improvements in dating techniques have provided a wide range of information about the evolution of European glaciers and the timing of major glacial advances that deposited different types of moraines, proglacial sediment (especially fluvioglacial and kame terraces, and sandar), and glaciolacustrine sediment. Several publications have synthesized data on the evolution of European glaciers as a starting point for analysis of synchronous or asynchronous patterns regarding the dates of glacial advances in European ice sheets and mountain glaciers. Thus, studies of the significant glacial advances during MIS 5, MIS 4, and MIS 3 have reported disparate dates, so available information only provides an incomplete understanding of the expansion of European glaciers. Some of these discrepancies were significant, such as the occurrence of advances at the end of MIS 3 in some mountains of southern Europe while the ice sheet occupied a very small area in the Scandinavian Peninsula. Other dating discrepancies, such as events during the LGM and the Oldest Dryas (Heinrich Stadial 1), are smaller but still relevant. The possible causes of these discrepancies include climatic differences between northern and southern Europe, the importance of local topographic factors, and the variety of dating techniques. This review does not include the Younger Dryas Stadial, because the short duration of this cold period does not reflect the occurrence of large disparities in the timing of glacier advances, and also because of the uncertainty ranges of the datings overlap with the onset of the Holocene and the end of the Bølling-Allerød.

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引用次数: 0

Geomorphosites and geomorphological maps applied to public use, tourism and natural heritage management in the Rio Lobos Natural Park (Spain)

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109573

Enrique Serrano , María José González-Amuchastegui , Rosa María Ruiz-Pedrosa

Managing geotourism in natural protected areas is challenging, especially in rural areas facing depopulation and economic decline, as well as overcrowding in specific locations. Geotourism assessments of geomorphosites, previously inventoried and evaluated, is crucial for understanding potential public use and has been implemented worldwide. In this work conducted in Río Lobos Natural Park in Castilla y León, Spain, a geotourism assessment of geomorphosites was applied, and a geomorphological map was created to identify areas with geomorphological and landscape values while addressing overcrowding. The objective was to identify and evaluate geomorphosites using the geomorphological map as a tool for spatial management of Natural Protected Areas (NPAs) in crowded areas, integrating geomorphosites with tourism potential into the park's attractions. The geomorphological map facilitated the analysis of the territory, selection of key geomorphosites and areas of interest, and assessment of their tourism potential. Information from geomorphology and geomorphosites was used to develop a map highlighting areas with significant geomorphological and landscape values, useful for park managers and visitors.

{"title":"Geomorphosites and geomorphological maps applied to public use, tourism and natural heritage management in the Rio Lobos Natural Park (Spain)","authors":"Enrique Serrano , María José González-Amuchastegui , Rosa María Ruiz-Pedrosa","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Managing geotourism in natural protected areas is challenging, especially in rural areas facing depopulation and economic decline, as well as overcrowding in specific locations. Geotourism assessments of geomorphosites, previously inventoried and evaluated, is crucial for understanding potential public use and has been implemented worldwide. In this work conducted in Río Lobos Natural Park in Castilla y León, Spain, a geotourism assessment of geomorphosites was applied, and a geomorphological map was created to identify areas with geomorphological and landscape values while addressing overcrowding. The objective was to identify and evaluate geomorphosites using the geomorphological map as a tool for spatial management of Natural Protected Areas (NPAs) in crowded areas, integrating geomorphosites with tourism potential into the park's attractions. The geomorphological map facilitated the analysis of the territory, selection of key geomorphosites and areas of interest, and assessment of their tourism potential. Information from geomorphology and geomorphosites was used to develop a map highlighting areas with significant geomorphological and landscape values, useful for park managers and visitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"471 ","pages":"Article 109573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphologic and sedimentological signatures resulting from Hurricane Ian, southwest Florida, USA: Insight into intra-storm bidirectional sediment transport processes

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109563

W. Mathew McCormick , Tiffany Roberts Briggs , Leanne Hauptman , Ping Wang

The extreme conditions associated with Hurricane Ian, a large Category 4 hurricane, led to unprecedented damage to the barrier islands of southwest Florida. This study investigates the morphologic changes and sedimentological signatures of deposits resulting from Hurricane Ian along both developed and undeveloped barrier islands through a combination of sediment cores and pre- and post-storm digital elevation models. Laterally extensive washover deposits, measured up to 74 cm thick, were formed during the intensification phase of the storm surge and were primarily controlled by the degree of development and vegetation density along barrier-island interiors. Storm deposit sedimentology was influenced by the degree of development and position relative to the dune crest, with a large inclusion of anthropogenic debris along developed barrier-island interiors. During the subsiding phase of the storm surge, short, straight channels and longer, dendritic ebb-scour channels, measuring up to 2.4 m in depth, were cut into newly formed storm deposits and antecedent washover deposits from previous storms, reflecting time-dependent bidirectional sediment transport processes during Hurricane Ian. The results of this study demonstrate how bidirectional processes throughout a single large storm event have significant implications for the preservation potential of new and existing washover deposits, presenting a potential setback for long-term barrier-island migration.

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引用次数: 0

Assessing environmental effects on yardang development in the Qaidam Basin: Findings based on large-scale mapping of yardangs

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109575

Bowen Gao , Ninghua Chen , Deguo Zhang , Yaochen Xu , Xuhua Weng , Wenqi Gao , Xinhao Jiang

Yardangs are streamlined ridges that form in arid environments mainly driven by the aeolian process. However, the development and evolution of yardangs could also involve feedback among other factors like the substrate, underlying topography, and rainfall. Currently, there is limited consensus on how these factors affect yardang development at the landscape scale. In this work, based on very high spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery and deep learning techniques, we conducted a comprehensive mapping of yardangs across the immense yardang fields in the Qaidam Basin, NW China. Then we used the yardang coverage that is the percentage of yardang areas per gridded zone, to estimate the yardang abundance and its spatial distribution across the study site. Then the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to quantitatively analyze the relationships among yardang coverage and wind force (Wind), substrate weakness (Substrate), underlying topography complexity (Topography), and rainfall force (Rainfall). The results indicated that Rainfall had a significant constraining effect on yardang development, accounting for 34 % of the total effect in the model. In contrast, Substrate, Wind, and Topography exhibited positive effects on yardang development, contributing 31 %, 20 %, and 15 % of the total effect, respectively. A spatial clustering of yardang fields was then carried out using the response-based unit segmentation (REBUS) algorithm, demonstrating the spatial heterogeneity of how these factors contribute to yardang development in different regions. This study improved our understanding of the mechanisms of yardang formation and evolution under the control of multiple factors.

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引用次数: 0

Gypsum cave notches and their palaeoenvironmental significance: A combined morphometric study using terrestrial laser scanning, traditional cave mapping, and geomorphological observations

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109576

Jorge Sevil-Aguareles , Luca Pisani , Veronica Chiarini , Tommaso Santagata , Jo De Waele

Terrestrial laser scanning has shown to be a very powerful method for the study and monitoring of caves. The high density of acquired points allows geostatistical methods to be used in the elaboration of large datasets on different depositional and erosional morphologies on cave walls, roof and floor. Here we describe a multidisciplinary morphometric study on cave wall morphologies and sediments in a multi-level gypsum cave system in the northern Apennines (Italy) with the objective of finding the direction of water flow that created these passages over hundred thousand years ago. The analysis of the traditional cave map (in long profile) suggests an overall, albeit very low, north-west inclination of the cave passages. However, other definitive indicators of flow direction, such as scallops, are absent which restricts the verification of this interpretation. The laser scanner-derived 3D point clouds of the cave wall notches of the main level have been analysed using different methods to verify the paleocurrent direction. However, statistical analyses of the point cloud data have yielded inconclusive results, even if most flow-related morphologies appear to be gently sloping towards north-west, where the present main cave entrance is found. Imbrication of fluvial sediments prevalently indicates the same direction. While no single method provided conclusive results on its own, the collective evidence strongly suggests an ESE to WNW paleocurrent flow, confirming the ancient resurgence nature of the cave gallery.

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引用次数: 0