Eduardo López- Ramos, Felipe Gonzalez-Penagos, Cesar A. Patiño, A. López
The exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins such as the Llanos Basin of Colombia, have enabled the acquisition of large volumes of surface and subsurface data, for assessing the geothermal potential of deep aquifers. The integrated analysis of geothermal play elements such as temperature, reservoir - fluid properties, and their depth in the basin, with the available hydrogeological-chemical data, allow us to define three regional plays as follows: Play A, characterized by naturally fractured reservoirs, in crystalline basement rocks - Paleozoic, with temperatures above 150 ºC, semi-confined aquifers; b) Play B, composed by Mesozoic quartz sandstone reservoirs, with primary porosity greater than 10%, temperatures between 75 ºC to 150 ºC, semi-confined aquifers, near to high hydraulic head zones with 500 m difference ranges in the regional piezometric surface; c) Play C, composed by Mesozoic quartz sandstones, high primary porosity, temperatures below 100 ºC, confined aquifers. Available well and Oil and Gas production data suggests that Play A is speculative, Play B is hypothetical, and Play C is known.
{"title":"Low - medium enthalpy geothermal resource assessment in deep reservoirs of the Llanos Basin - Colombia","authors":"Eduardo López- Ramos, Felipe Gonzalez-Penagos, Cesar A. Patiño, A. López","doi":"10.29047/01225383.380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.380","url":null,"abstract":"The exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins such as the Llanos Basin of Colombia, have enabled the acquisition of large volumes of surface and subsurface data, for assessing the geothermal potential of deep aquifers. The integrated analysis of geothermal play elements such as temperature, reservoir - fluid properties, and their depth in the basin, with the available hydrogeological-chemical data, allow us to define three regional plays as follows: Play A, characterized by naturally fractured reservoirs, in crystalline basement rocks - Paleozoic, with temperatures above 150 ºC, semi-confined aquifers; b) Play B, composed by Mesozoic quartz sandstone reservoirs, with primary porosity greater than 10%, temperatures between 75 ºC to 150 ºC, semi-confined aquifers, near to high hydraulic head zones with 500 m difference ranges in the regional piezometric surface; c) Play C, composed by Mesozoic quartz sandstones, high primary porosity, temperatures below 100 ºC, confined aquifers. Available well and Oil and Gas production data suggests that Play A is speculative, Play B is hypothetical, and Play C is known.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80617726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Pablo Jaramillo-Cardona, Juan Carlos Perafan-Lopez, José Luis Torres-Madroñero, C. Nieto-Londoño, J. Sierra-Pérez
Hydroelectric plants broadly sustain Colombian electricity demand. However, wind power emerges to improve the Colombian energy matrix and capacity, satisfying the energy demand. Thus, this study evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of projects based on Small Wind Turbines (SWTs), based on the Colombian wind resource availability. Furthermore, due to the Colombian diversity of energy sources, sensitivity to climate changes and a high percentage of non-interconnected territory, the SWTs excels as an off-grid energy system alternative. For this purpose, the annual energy production and the capacity factor of 24 SWT and the wind resource in Puerto Bolívar, La Guajira, are considered. A techno-economic study that includes cash flow analysis and net present value is used to determine economic viability, considering a financing percentage sensitivity analysis. From the results, it can be concluded that an SWT based project increases its profitability by increasing the IRR value and lowering the financing percentage. Further, the best SWT models can be related to a higher capacity factor value based on the economic phase.
水力发电厂基本上满足了哥伦比亚的电力需求。然而，风力发电的出现改善了哥伦比亚的能源矩阵和容量，满足了能源需求。因此，本研究基于哥伦比亚风能资源的可用性，评估了基于小型风力涡轮机(SWTs)的项目的技术和经济可行性。此外，由于哥伦比亚能源的多样性、对气候变化的敏感性以及非互联领土的高比例，SWTs作为离网能源系统的替代方案非常出色。为此，考虑了La Guajira Puerto Bolívar的年发电量和24 SWT的容量因子以及风力资源。考虑到融资百分比敏感性分析，采用包括现金流量分析和净现值在内的技术经济研究来确定经济可行性。从结果可以看出，基于SWT的项目通过提高IRR值和降低融资比例来提高其盈利能力。此外，最好的SWT模型可能与基于经济阶段的较高容量因子值相关。
{"title":"Techno-economic assessment of small wind turbines under la Guajira-Colombia resource conditions","authors":"Juan Pablo Jaramillo-Cardona, Juan Carlos Perafan-Lopez, José Luis Torres-Madroñero, C. Nieto-Londoño, J. Sierra-Pérez","doi":"10.29047/01225383.400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.400","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroelectric plants broadly sustain Colombian electricity demand. However, wind power emerges to improve the Colombian energy matrix and capacity, satisfying the energy demand. Thus, this study evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of projects based on Small Wind Turbines (SWTs), based on the Colombian wind resource availability. Furthermore, due to the Colombian diversity of energy sources, sensitivity to climate changes and a high percentage of non-interconnected territory, the SWTs excels as an off-grid energy system alternative. For this purpose, the annual energy production and the capacity factor of 24 SWT and the wind resource in Puerto Bolívar, La Guajira, are considered. A techno-economic study that includes cash flow analysis and net present value is used to determine economic viability, considering a financing percentage sensitivity analysis. From the results, it can be concluded that an SWT based project increases its profitability by increasing the IRR value and lowering the financing percentage. Further, the best SWT models can be related to a higher capacity factor value based on the economic phase.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87973562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valentina Sierra Jimenez, Carlos M. Ceballos Marín, Farid Chejne Janna
The development of tools for the synthesis, design, and optimization of biorefineries requires deep knowledge of the thermochemical processes involved in these schemes. For this project, three models from scientific literature were implemented to simulate the processes: fast pyrolysis in a fluidized bed, fixed-bed, and fluidized-bed gasification using the Aspen PlusTM software. These models allow the user to obtain performance, consumption, and cost parameters necessary for the design and optimization of biorefineries schemes. The fast pyrolysis model encompasses a detailed description of biomass decomposition and kinetics of the process (149 reactions). In the fixed-bed gasification process, seven reactions that model the process have been integrated into two equilibrium reactors that minimize the Gibbs free energy. The model used for fluidized bed gasification considers both hydrodynamic and kinetic parameters, as well as a kinetic model that considers the change in the combustion reaction rate of biomass with oxygen leading to a change in temperature. Due to the complexity and detail of all these models, it was necessary to use FORTRAN subroutines and iterative Excel macros linked to Aspen PlusTM. Finally, the results of each simulation were validated with data from the model sources, as well as experimental results from the literature.
{"title":"Simulation of thermochemical processes in Aspen Plus as a tool for biorefinery analysis","authors":"Valentina Sierra Jimenez, Carlos M. Ceballos Marín, Farid Chejne Janna","doi":"10.29047/01225383.372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.372","url":null,"abstract":"The development of tools for the synthesis, design, and optimization of biorefineries requires deep knowledge of the thermochemical processes involved in these schemes. For this project, three models from scientific literature were implemented to simulate the processes: fast pyrolysis in a fluidized bed, fixed-bed, and fluidized-bed gasification using the Aspen PlusTM software. These models allow the user to obtain performance, consumption, and cost parameters necessary for the design and optimization of biorefineries schemes. The fast pyrolysis model encompasses a detailed description of biomass decomposition and kinetics of the process (149 reactions). In the fixed-bed gasification process, seven reactions that model the process have been integrated into two equilibrium reactors that minimize the Gibbs free energy. The model used for fluidized bed gasification considers both hydrodynamic and kinetic parameters, as well as a kinetic model that considers the change in the combustion reaction rate of biomass with oxygen leading to a change in temperature. Due to the complexity and detail of all these models, it was necessary to use FORTRAN subroutines and iterative Excel macros linked to Aspen PlusTM. Finally, the results of each simulation were validated with data from the model sources, as well as experimental results from the literature.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80477389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Sandoval, Herin Valderrama P, Miranda Sánchez M, Daniel R. Molina Velasco, S. Muñoz N
The success of low field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR) to estimate heavy oil properties depends on a good selection of mathematical models and fitting parameters. Since the correlations proposed are not universally applicable, in this study, a NMR published model was chosen and tuned to determine the density and viscosity of several mixtures of a Colombian heavy oil with toluene. The process began by mixing toluene with heavy oil to obtain several measuring points with properties similar to those of heavy oils. Each mixture was taken to a 7.5 MHz spectrometer at 40°C, where NMR parameters were acquired and used in the five pre-selected mathematical models. The reliability of viscosity measurements was analysed with the root mean square error (RMSE) and maximum absolute error (MAE). After the NLS regression process, the most accurate prediction was reached through the Burcaw model, with RMSE values of 40.55 cP. On the other hand, the density was estimated with the Wen correlation with results showing a relative error percentage of less than 1%. According to such error values, the tuned models are considered a starting point to extend the NRM technique use to other Colombian heavy oils with low uncertainty levels.
{"title":"Low field NMR as an alternative technique to estimate of density and viscosity in toluene-heavy oil mixtures","authors":"Maria Sandoval, Herin Valderrama P, Miranda Sánchez M, Daniel R. Molina Velasco, S. Muñoz N","doi":"10.29047/01225383.366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.366","url":null,"abstract":" The success of low field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR) to estimate heavy oil properties depends on a good selection of mathematical models and fitting parameters. Since the correlations proposed are not universally applicable, in this study, a NMR published model was chosen and tuned to determine the density and viscosity of several mixtures of a Colombian heavy oil with toluene. The process began by mixing toluene with heavy oil to obtain several measuring points with properties similar to those of heavy oils. Each mixture was taken to a 7.5 MHz spectrometer at 40°C, where NMR parameters were acquired and used in the five pre-selected mathematical models. The reliability of viscosity measurements was analysed with the root mean square error (RMSE) and maximum absolute error (MAE). After the NLS regression process, the most accurate prediction was reached through the Burcaw model, with RMSE values of 40.55 cP. On the other hand, the density was estimated with the Wen correlation with results showing a relative error percentage of less than 1%. According to such error values, the tuned models are considered a starting point to extend the NRM technique use to other Colombian heavy oils with low uncertainty levels.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89534372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yashar Aryanfar, Arash Akhsheej, Kasra Ataei Sheykh, Shaban Mousavi Ghasemlou, J. L. García Alcaraz
Reusing heat dissipation in thermodynamic cycles is an exciting proposal to increase efficiency. In this paper, a two-stage ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) is proposed to recover and reuse wasted energy from an SFGC (Single Flash Geothermal Cycle). The working fluids studied for the recovery system include R227ea and R116 and R124 and R125. The effect of the main elements of system performance is investigated using sensitivity analyses. Exergy degradation of various components is also calculated. For working fluids R227ea and R116, the thermal efficiency improved by 7.66%, from 0.2023 to 0.2178. The system's thermal efficiency is improved from 0.2023 to 0.2177 by 7.61% using R124 and R125. The exergy efficiency of the initial working fluid improves by 15.04%, from 0.5044 to 0.5803. Further, the second pair of working fluids from 0.5044 to 0.5852, which indicates a 16.01% system efficiency improvement. 85% of the system exergy is eliminated through the expansion valve, turbine 3, heat exchanger 2, and mixer. Including the recovery phase in the base, SFGC will positively affect the power plant's performance.
{"title":"Modeling and analysis of a two-stage ORC for recovering waste heat of single flash geothermal cycle","authors":"Yashar Aryanfar, Arash Akhsheej, Kasra Ataei Sheykh, Shaban Mousavi Ghasemlou, J. L. García Alcaraz","doi":"10.29047/01225383.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.383","url":null,"abstract":"Reusing heat dissipation in thermodynamic cycles is an exciting proposal to increase efficiency. In this paper, a two-stage ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) is proposed to recover and reuse wasted energy from an SFGC (Single Flash Geothermal Cycle). The working fluids studied for the recovery system include R227ea and R116 and R124 and R125. The effect of the main elements of system performance is investigated using sensitivity analyses. Exergy degradation of various components is also calculated. For working fluids R227ea and R116, the thermal efficiency improved by 7.66%, from 0.2023 to 0.2178. The system's thermal efficiency is improved from 0.2023 to 0.2177 by 7.61% using R124 and R125. The exergy efficiency of the initial working fluid improves by 15.04%, from 0.5044 to 0.5803. Further, the second pair of working fluids from 0.5044 to 0.5852, which indicates a 16.01% system efficiency improvement. 85% of the system exergy is eliminated through the expansion valve, turbine 3, heat exchanger 2, and mixer. Including the recovery phase in the base, SFGC will positively affect the power plant's performance.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83205198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura-Lucía Estévez-Landazábal, A. Barajas-Solano, C. Barajas-Ferreira, V. Kafarov
Although microalgae have great potential as a raw material for biodiesel production it is necessary to increase both biomass and lipids productivity. One way to achieve this goal is the implementation of mixotrophic cultures and the regulation of carbon/nitrogen ratio. The present work aims to improve the productivity of biomass and lipids in Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803 using waste glycerol from biodiesel production (1, 5 and 10% v/v) and sodium acetate (5, 10 and 20 mM) as carbon sources together with modification of the initial concentration of nitrogen (1.02; 1.47 and 2.94mM de NaNO3). All experiments were performed at 23±1ºC, with light: dark cycles of 12:12 h during 5 days. In biomass production was achieved a significant increase (80% higher that autothrophic cultures without modification). The best percentages of lipids exceeded control culture up to 2.18. Lipid productivities were also found 2.83 and 3.5 times greater than control. Results show the possibility of increasing the production of biomass and lipids by applying the carbon/nitrogen ratio using as a carbon source waste glycerol of the biodiesel industry that opens up great possibilities for the re-use of this residue thus increasing the sustainability of the process in general, Also has been proved that carbon/nitrogen ratio using sodium acetate is an interesting alternative due to his low cost carbon/nitrogen ratio using sodium acetate is an interesting alternative.
虽然微藻作为生物柴油的原料具有很大的潜力，但必须提高生物质的生产效率和脂质生产效率。实现这一目标的一种方法是实施混合营养培养和调节碳/氮比。本研究旨在提高小球藻UTEX 1803中生物质和脂质的生产效率，以生物柴油生产的废甘油(1、5和10% v/v)和乙酸钠(5、10和20 mM)为碳源，并改变初始氮浓度(1.02;1.47和2.94mM de NaNO3)。所有实验均在23±1℃下进行，5 d内明暗周期为12:12 h。生物量产量显著增加(比未经改造的自养培养高80%)。脂质比对照最高可达2.18%。脂质产量分别是对照组的2.83倍和3.5倍。结果表明，利用生物柴油工业的废甘油作为碳源，应用碳/氮比可以增加生物质和脂类的产量，这为这种残留物的再利用开辟了巨大的可能性，从而提高了整个过程的可持续性。也证明了使用乙酸钠的碳氮比是一个有趣的替代方案，因为使用乙酸钠的低成本碳氮比是一个有趣的替代方案。
{"title":"Improvement of lipid productivity on chlorella vulgaris using waste glycerol and sodium acetate","authors":"Laura-Lucía Estévez-Landazábal, A. Barajas-Solano, C. Barajas-Ferreira, V. Kafarov","doi":"10.29047/01225383.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.203","url":null,"abstract":"Although microalgae have great potential as a raw material for biodiesel production it is necessary to increase both biomass and lipids productivity. One way to achieve this goal is the implementation of mixotrophic cultures and the regulation of carbon/nitrogen ratio. The present work aims to improve the productivity of biomass and lipids in Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803 using waste glycerol from biodiesel production (1, 5 and 10% v/v) and sodium acetate (5, 10 and 20 mM) as carbon sources together with modification of the initial concentration of nitrogen (1.02; 1.47 and 2.94mM de NaNO3). All experiments were performed at 23±1ºC, with light: dark cycles of 12:12 h during 5 days. \u0000In biomass production was achieved a significant increase (80% higher that autothrophic cultures without modification). The best percentages of lipids exceeded control culture up to 2.18. Lipid productivities were also found 2.83 and 3.5 times greater than control. \u0000Results show the possibility of increasing the production of biomass and lipids by applying the carbon/nitrogen ratio using as a carbon source waste glycerol of the biodiesel industry that opens up great possibilities for the re-use of this residue thus increasing the sustainability of the process in general, Also has been proved that carbon/nitrogen ratio using sodium acetate is an interesting alternative due to his low cost carbon/nitrogen ratio using sodium acetate is an interesting alternative.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76757727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The molecular weight of a number of vacuum residue and their SARA fractions (Saturated, Aromatics, Resins, and Asphaltenes) typical of the Barrancabermeja refinery in Colombia were determined using the following methods: Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Vapor Pressure Osmometry, (VPO), and Simulated Distillation at High Temperature adjusted to the Gamma distribution function. Molecular weight results in vacuum residue and saturated and aromatics fraction obtained from the three techniques used show consistency within an acceptable range. However, the molecular weight results in resins and asphaltenes fraction obtained by the VPO technique significant differences compared with the results found using the techniques of GPC and DS-Gamma.
{"title":"Determination of molecular weight of vacuum residue and their SARA fractions","authors":"A. León, M. Parra","doi":"10.29047/01225383.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.291","url":null,"abstract":"The molecular weight of a number of vacuum residue and their SARA fractions (Saturated, Aromatics, Resins, and Asphaltenes) typical of the Barrancabermeja refinery in Colombia were determined using the following methods: Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Vapor Pressure Osmometry, (VPO), and Simulated Distillation at High Temperature adjusted to the Gamma distribution function. Molecular weight results in vacuum residue and saturated and aromatics fraction obtained from the three techniques used show consistency within an acceptable range. However, the molecular weight results in resins and asphaltenes fraction obtained by the VPO technique significant differences compared with the results found using the techniques of GPC and DS-Gamma.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84379189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Martínez, A. Jaimes, A. Serna, Iván Uribe
Fatigue cracking in metallic materials occurs mainly due to the effect of cyclic stresses and their variation of magnitude over time. To evaluate the fatigue strength based on S-N curves, many tests are needed, which require a lot of time and incur high costs. For this research, several tests were conducted on examples of high-strength steel to determine their mechanical properties, chemical composition and fatigue. It was found that (Charpy V Notch) CVN impact toughness, the percentage of alloying elements and the mechanical properties of the tension test show a positive lineal effect in relation to the fatigue strength of the materials evaluated. Finally, a correlation was found that showed a very good fit between the experimental fatigue data and the predicted values. The correlation, based on Charpy impact energy tests, the relation to the yield stress, the ultimate stress, and the hardness of the material, allows one to predict resistance to fatigue at a low cost.
{"title":"Development of a correlation to estimate the fatigue strength for steels based on low-cost tests","authors":"Alexander Martínez, A. Jaimes, A. Serna, Iván Uribe","doi":"10.29047/01225383.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.246","url":null,"abstract":"Fatigue cracking in metallic materials occurs mainly due to the effect of cyclic stresses and their variation of magnitude over time. To evaluate the fatigue strength based on S-N curves, many tests are needed, which require a lot of time and incur high costs. For this research, several tests were conducted on examples of high-strength steel to determine their mechanical properties, chemical composition and fatigue. It was found that (Charpy V Notch) CVN impact toughness, the percentage of alloying elements and the mechanical properties of the tension test show a positive lineal effect in relation to the fatigue strength of the materials evaluated. Finally, a correlation was found that showed a very good fit between the experimental fatigue data and the predicted values. The correlation, based on Charpy impact energy tests, the relation to the yield stress, the ultimate stress, and the hardness of the material, allows one to predict resistance to fatigue at a low cost.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84286483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The naturally fractured reservoirs are attractive potential zones for a successful hydrocarbon prospecting, and the variable density logs (VDL) with Chevron patterns generated by Stoneley waves is a suited tool to characterize fractures. In this project, a simplified algorithm to evaluate fracture location using reflection coefficients and analysis of attenuation was implemented. It also uses a permeability indicator (Stoneley Slowness added by Permeability) to discriminate permeability in fractures.The algorithm was tested in a foot hill well of the Colombian west range, detecting a previously known fractured sandstone zone and indicating its permeability. Besides, the algorithm detected other existent fractures zones with low permeability for production. Previous well flow evaluation of the localized fractures characterized them as low or no permeability fractures.
{"title":"Detecting and characterizing fractures in sedimentary deposits with stoneley waves","authors":"C. Escandon, Luis Montes","doi":"10.29047/01225383.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.241","url":null,"abstract":"The naturally fractured reservoirs are attractive potential zones for a successful hydrocarbon prospecting, and the variable density logs (VDL) with Chevron patterns generated by Stoneley waves is a suited tool to characterize fractures. In this project, a simplified algorithm to evaluate fracture location using reflection coefficients and analysis of attenuation was implemented. It also uses a permeability indicator (Stoneley Slowness added by Permeability) to discriminate permeability in fractures.The algorithm was tested in a foot hill well of the Colombian west range, detecting a previously known fractured sandstone zone and indicating its permeability. Besides, the algorithm detected other existent fractures zones with low permeability for production. Previous well flow evaluation of the localized fractures characterized them as low or no permeability fractures.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"5 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78484469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo (ICP), has implemented a methodology for separating vacuum residue fractions using the technique of supercritical fluid extraction at the pilot scale. The present study evaluates the efficiency of extraction of fractions of a typical vacuum residue in the Barrancabermeja refinery. The extraction test was carried out with n-hexane under supercritical conditions of temperature and pressure of the 265ºC in the range from 450 to 1250 psi, respectively. Finally, each of the fractions were analyzed for their density, viscosity, sulfur content, Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR) content, SARA com-positional analysis, and metals.
{"title":"Separation of fractions from vacuum residue by supercritical extraction","authors":"M. Parra, A. León, L. Hoyos","doi":"10.29047/01225383.286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.286","url":null,"abstract":"The Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo (ICP), has implemented a methodology for separating vacuum residue fractions using the technique of supercritical fluid extraction at the pilot scale. The present study evaluates the efficiency of extraction of fractions of a typical vacuum residue in the Barrancabermeja refinery. The extraction test was carried out with n-hexane under supercritical conditions of temperature and pressure of the 265ºC in the range from 450 to 1250 psi, respectively. Finally, each of the fractions were analyzed for their density, viscosity, sulfur content, Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR) content, SARA com-positional analysis, and metals.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73639087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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