S. Guevara, W. Agudelo, D. Rueda, N. García, C. Becerra, Yaqueline Figueredo, A. Plata
The seismic image of deep rock, interesting for the petroleum industry, can be distorted by the heterogeneous near-surface layers, characterized by low wave propagation velocity. The conventional methods used in counteracting this effect seem less effective in complex areas with rough topography such asthose commonly found in Colombia, which are also affected by stronger tropical weathering. Characterizationof the near-surface layer was conducted in this work with the purpose to investigate these relationships. Geological and geophysical methods were applied using data from a 2D seismic survey performed in the Catatumbo area of Colombia and seismic data and cutting samples analysis from a couple of 60 m depth wells (downhole surveys), drilled at rough surface locations. Wave propagation velocities were calculated by the application of tomography and refraction. Visual and laboratory assays such as granulometry and mineralogy were used in the analysis of the cutting samples. It was then possible to relate physical and lithological characteristics with properties of seismic response. Differences between the seismic response and the geological description were also observed and some uncertainties were identified.
{"title":"Seismic and lithological near surface characteristics of an area in north-east Colombia","authors":"S. Guevara, W. Agudelo, D. Rueda, N. García, C. Becerra, Yaqueline Figueredo, A. Plata","doi":"10.29047/01225383.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.433","url":null,"abstract":"The seismic image of deep rock, interesting for the petroleum industry, can be distorted by the heterogeneous near-surface layers, characterized by low wave propagation velocity. The conventional methods used in counteracting this effect seem less effective in complex areas with rough topography such asthose commonly found in Colombia, which are also affected by stronger tropical weathering. Characterizationof the near-surface layer was conducted in this work with the purpose to investigate these relationships. Geological and geophysical methods were applied using data from a 2D seismic survey performed in the Catatumbo area of Colombia and seismic data and cutting samples analysis from a couple of 60 m depth wells (downhole surveys), drilled at rough surface locations. Wave propagation velocities were calculated by the application of tomography and refraction. Visual and laboratory assays such as granulometry and mineralogy were used in the analysis of the cutting samples. It was then possible to relate physical and lithological characteristics with properties of seismic response. Differences between the seismic response and the geological description were also observed and some uncertainties were identified.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86592062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Se propone un modelo amatemático para la simulación de hornos de refinería. Consta de dos submodelos diferentes, uno para el lado del proceso y otro para el lado de los gases de combustión. El lado del proceso se modela adecuadamente como un flujo de tapón debido a la alta velocidad del fluido dentro de los tubos. El lado de los gases de combustión está compuesto por una cámara radiativa y una sección convectiva, ambas conectadas por una zona de tubo de escudo. Ambos modelos están conectados por la temperatura de la superficie del tubo. Como el modelo del lado de los gases de combustión utiliza esta temperatura como datos de entrada, el modelo del lado del proceso recalcula esta temperatura. El procedimiento se ejecuta hasta que se alcanza cierta tolerancia. Este modelo matemático ha demostrado ser una herramienta útil para el análisis y la simulación de hornos.
{"title":"MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR REFINERY FURNACES SIMULATION","authors":"Fabian A. Díaz Mateus, Jesús A. Castro Gualdrón","doi":"10.29047/01225383.442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.442","url":null,"abstract":"Se propone un modelo amatemático para la simulación de hornos de refinería. Consta de dos submodelos diferentes, uno para el lado del proceso y otro para el lado de los gases de combustión. El lado del proceso se modela adecuadamente como un flujo de tapón debido a la alta velocidad del fluido dentro de los tubos. El lado de los gases de combustión está compuesto por una cámara radiativa y una sección convectiva, ambas conectadas por una zona de tubo de escudo. Ambos modelos están conectados por la temperatura de la superficie del tubo. Como el modelo del lado de los gases de combustión utiliza esta temperatura como datos de entrada, el modelo del lado del proceso recalcula esta temperatura. El procedimiento se ejecuta hasta que se alcanza cierta tolerancia. Este modelo matemático ha demostrado ser una herramienta útil para el análisis y la simulación de hornos.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74208864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Andres Diaz Prada, Flaminio Guarin Arenas, Javier Enrique González Barbosa, César Augusto García Chinchilla, Esperanza De Jesus Cotes Leon, Carolina Rodríguez Walteros
This study presents the analysis of the variables that have the greatest impact on energy requirements for an artificial lift system applied to extra heavy crude oils, considering an uncertainty behavior analysis through their sensitivity in the vertical flow modeling implemented for a Chichimene Field well. The selected variables are the viscosity and fluid density, the required artificial lift system pressure differential, well depth, the flow rate of produced fluids and the dilution percentage. The oil produced in this field has a density of 7,8 API, and the well studied features a water cut of about 10% and produces a total of 2400 BOD. For this flow naphtha dilution rates were defined using up to 20% by volume. The ranges of energy required for the lifting system for different scenarios raised by the analysis variables were also determined. For these conditions a variation of the energy required 20% for a fluid flow incremental of 50 BFOD was obtained, as established from the flow capacity of the well and the pressure required for sustaining a pressure head of 100 psi and 400 psi. Bottom dilution scheme establishes a change in artificial lift system energy requirement, of up to 25% for a 15% of diluter, whereas the relationship between the volumes produced and the system arrays gives an energy efficiency of 40%.
{"title":"Optimization of electrical submersible pump artificial lift system for extraheavy oils through an analysis of bottom dilution scheme","authors":"Carlos Andres Diaz Prada, Flaminio Guarin Arenas, Javier Enrique González Barbosa, César Augusto García Chinchilla, Esperanza De Jesus Cotes Leon, Carolina Rodríguez Walteros","doi":"10.29047/01225383.439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.439","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the analysis of the variables that have the greatest impact on energy requirements for an artificial lift system applied to extra heavy crude oils, considering an uncertainty behavior analysis through their sensitivity in the vertical flow modeling implemented for a Chichimene Field well. The selected variables are the viscosity and fluid density, the required artificial lift system pressure differential, well depth, the flow rate of produced fluids and the dilution percentage. The oil produced in this field has a density of 7,8 API, and the well studied features a water cut of about 10% and produces a total of 2400 BOD. For this flow naphtha dilution rates were defined using up to 20% by volume. The ranges of energy required for the lifting system for different scenarios raised by the analysis variables were also determined. For these conditions a variation of the energy required 20% for a fluid flow incremental of 50 BFOD was obtained, as established from the flow capacity of the well and the pressure required for sustaining a pressure head of 100 psi and 400 psi. Bottom dilution scheme establishes a change in artificial lift system energy requirement, of up to 25% for a 15% of diluter, whereas the relationship between the volumes produced and the system arrays gives an energy efficiency of 40%.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"314 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87539984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Mendoza, Jael Andrea Bueno, D. Mateus, L. Moreno
The main objective of this article is to raise a hypothesis to explain the main causes of overpressure in the formations of the Tertiary sequence for the stratigraphic column of the Colombian Foothill. For this purpose it was conducted an analysis of compaction trends from the Guayabo Formation until the unit C8 of the Carbonera Formation; in the area of foreland, where the tectonic affectation has been minimal. This analysis integrates the most representative basins modeling and tectono-stratigraphic events for such sedimentary sequence. It mapped overpressure areas, comparing them with geological parameters such as the subsidence, uplift, heat flow and speeds of sedimentation, to identify relations of these parameters with the overpressure of the area. As the main result, it stresses the identification of different sedimentation and compacting rates for each tectono-stratigraphic sequence and its relationship with the overpressure of the formations. These differences are represented in specific equations presented in this work. One of the main conclusions relates the rapid uplift of the basin, occurred in mid Miocene and the lack of liberation of stresses; as one of the causes of the pressures that are currently observed.
{"title":"Compaction trend and its implication in the overpressures estimate for the formations of the Colombian Foothills of the Eastern Plains","authors":"J. Mendoza, Jael Andrea Bueno, D. Mateus, L. Moreno","doi":"10.29047/01225383.437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.437","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this article is to raise a hypothesis to explain the main causes of overpressure in the formations of the Tertiary sequence for the stratigraphic column of the Colombian Foothill. For this purpose it was conducted an analysis of compaction trends from the Guayabo Formation until the unit C8 of the Carbonera Formation; in the area of foreland, where the tectonic affectation has been minimal. This analysis integrates the most representative basins modeling and tectono-stratigraphic events for such sedimentary sequence. It mapped overpressure areas, comparing them with geological parameters such as the subsidence, uplift, heat flow and speeds of sedimentation, to identify relations of these parameters with the overpressure of the area. As the main result, it stresses the identification of different sedimentation and compacting rates for each tectono-stratigraphic sequence and its relationship with the overpressure of the formations. These differences are represented in specific equations presented in this work. One of the main conclusions relates the rapid uplift of the basin, occurred in mid Miocene and the lack of liberation of stresses; as one of the causes of the pressures that are currently observed.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"49 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72368013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diana Patricia Mercado Sierra, Samuel Fernando Muñoz Navarro, Aníbal Ordóñez Rodríguez
The use of analytical models to predict reservoir behavior depends on the similarity between the mathematically modeled system and the reservoir. Currently, there are not any models available for the prediction of steamflood behavior in stratified reservoirs based on the characteristics of reservoirs found in the Colombian Middle Magdalena valley, because the existing analytical models describe homogenous or idealized reservoirs. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new model that includes the presence of clay intercalation in zones submitted to steamflood. The new analytical model is founded on the principles describing heat flow in porous media presented in the models proposed by Marx and Langenheim (1959); Mandl and Volek (1967), and Closmann (1967). Then, a series of assumptions related to the producing and non-producing zones and steamflood were determined, thus defining the system to be modeled. Once the system is defined, the initial and boundary conditions were established to contribute to find specific solutions for the case described. A set of heat balancing procedures were proposed from which a series of integro-differential equations were found. These equations were solved by using the Laplace transform method. The mathematical expressions were defined for the calculation of parameters such as volume of the heated zone, the rate of instantaneous and cumulative heat losses, and the oil rate and recovery factor. We can find differences when comparing the model response with the simulation, because in the mathematical model, we cannot include phenomena such as drop pressure, relative permeability and the change of oil viscosity with temperature. However, the new analytical model describes approximately the steam zone behavior, when the heat flow in the clay intercalations is not in stationary state.
利用分析模型来预测储层动态取决于数学模型系统与储层之间的相似性。目前，由于现有的分析模型描述的是均质或理想化的储层，因此尚无基于哥伦比亚中部Magdalena山谷储层特征的分层储层蒸汽驱行为预测模型。因此，有必要提出一种考虑蒸汽驱层中粘土夹层存在的新模型。新的分析模型是建立在马克思和兰根海姆(1959)提出的模型中描述多孔介质热流的原理基础上的;Mandl and Volek (1967)， Closmann(1967)。然后，确定了与产、非产层和蒸汽驱有关的一系列假设，从而确定了要建模的系统。一旦系统被定义，初始条件和边界条件被建立，以帮助找到所描述的情况的具体解决方案。提出了一套热平衡程序，并由此导出了一系列的积分-微分方程。用拉普拉斯变换方法求解了这些方程。定义了计算受热区体积、瞬时热损失率、累积热损失率、采油速率和采收率等参数的数学表达式。将模型响应与模拟结果进行比较可以发现差异，因为在数学模型中，我们不能考虑降压、相对渗透率和油粘度随温度的变化等现象。然而，新的解析模型近似地描述了粘土夹层中热流非稳态时的蒸汽区行为。
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR STEAMFLOOD IN STRATIFIED RESERVOIRS OF HEAVY OIL","authors":"Diana Patricia Mercado Sierra, Samuel Fernando Muñoz Navarro, Aníbal Ordóñez Rodríguez","doi":"10.29047/01225383.447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.447","url":null,"abstract":"The use of analytical models to predict reservoir behavior depends on the similarity between the mathematically modeled system and the reservoir. Currently, there are not any models available for the prediction of steamflood behavior in stratified reservoirs based on the characteristics of reservoirs found in the Colombian Middle Magdalena valley, because the existing analytical models describe homogenous or idealized reservoirs. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new model that includes the presence of clay intercalation in zones submitted to steamflood. The new analytical model is founded on the principles describing heat flow in porous media presented in the models proposed by Marx and Langenheim (1959); Mandl and Volek (1967), and Closmann (1967). Then, a series of assumptions related to the producing and non-producing zones and steamflood were determined, thus defining the system to be modeled. Once the system is defined, the initial and boundary conditions were established to contribute to find specific solutions for the case described. A set of heat balancing procedures were proposed from which a series of integro-differential equations were found. These equations were solved by using the Laplace transform method. The mathematical expressions were defined for the calculation of parameters such as volume of the heated zone, the rate of instantaneous and cumulative heat losses, and the oil rate and recovery factor. We can find differences when comparing the model response with the simulation, because in the mathematical model, we cannot include phenomena such as drop pressure, relative permeability and the change of oil viscosity with temperature. However, the new analytical model describes approximately the steam zone behavior, when the heat flow in the clay intercalations is not in stationary state.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72846743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luz Edelmira Afanador Rey, Jorge Luis Grosso Vargas, Laura Smith Moreno Arciniegas, Fabio Ernesto Rodríguez Corredor
In this work, we developed the first study in Colombia to obtain and evaluate syngas compositions derived from asphaltenes gasification. These asphaltenes came from the implementation of a Deasphalting process to San Fernando crude oil, with the purpose of looking for technological options for their utilization. We performed the design, installation and commissioning of facilities for the gasification of asphaltenes at laboratory scale, it following an experimental methodology, performing nine tests and considering temperature and agent gasification quantity (oxygen) as independent variables. The syngas derived from gasification was analyzed by two chromato graphic techniques, which reported the presence of refinery gases and sulfur. We evidenced a growth tendency of CO, H2 and sulfur composition and a decrease in CH4 and CO2 composition with temperature. The composition of the syngas was evaluated with different quantities of gasification agent (33%, 40% and 47% the amount of oxygen theoretically required for complete combustion) at each temperature levels operated. It was established that when using a 40% of gasification agent, you get greater average content of CO and H2, which are the interest gases in the gasification process.
{"title":"SYNGAS OBTAINMENT FROM THE GASIFICATION OF ASPHALTENES OF THE SAN FERNANDO CRUDE OIL","authors":"Luz Edelmira Afanador Rey, Jorge Luis Grosso Vargas, Laura Smith Moreno Arciniegas, Fabio Ernesto Rodríguez Corredor","doi":"10.29047/01225383.457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.457","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we developed the first study in Colombia to obtain and evaluate syngas compositions derived from asphaltenes gasification. These asphaltenes came from the implementation of a Deasphalting process to San Fernando crude oil, with the purpose of looking for technological options for their utilization. We performed the design, installation and commissioning of facilities for the gasification of asphaltenes at laboratory scale, it following an experimental methodology, performing nine tests and considering temperature and agent gasification quantity (oxygen) as independent variables. The syngas derived from gasification was analyzed by two chromato graphic techniques, which reported the presence of refinery gases and sulfur. We evidenced a growth tendency of CO, H2 and sulfur composition and a decrease in CH4 and CO2 composition with temperature. The composition of the syngas was evaluated with different quantities of gasification agent (33%, 40% and 47% the amount of oxygen theoretically required for complete combustion) at each temperature levels operated. It was established that when using a 40% of gasification agent, you get greater average content of CO and H2, which are the interest gases in the gasification process.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91224402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gustavo Navas Guzmán, Francy L. Martínez Cruz, Juan Pablo Osorio Suárez
This paper presents a statistical model for prediction of feedstock’s crackability (potential to generate valuable products on catalytic cracking process), based on experimental reactivity data by microactivity test (MAT - Microscale Fixed Bed Reactor) and detailed physicochemical characterization. A minimum amount of experimental tests corresponding to feed properties (typically available at refinery) is used to build a more complete description of feedstocks including chemical composition and hydrocarbon distribution. Both measured and calculated physicochemical properties are used to predict the yields of main products at several MAT reaction severities. Different well known functions correlating yields and conversion (previously tested with experimental data MAT) allows the evaluation of maximum point of gasoline yield. This point is used like a crackability index and qualitative point comparison of feedstock’s potential. Extensive feedstocks data base from Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo (ICP) with a wide range of composition were used to build the model, including the following feeds: 1. Light feedstocks - Gasoils of refinery and laboratory cuts from different types of Colombian crude oils and 2. Heavy feedstoks - Residues or feedstocks combined (blending of gasoil [GO], atmospheric tower bottom [ATB], demetallized oil [DMO] and demetallized oil hydrotreated [DMOH] in several proportions) from the four fluid catalytic cracking units (FCCU) at Ecopetrol S.A. refinery in Barrancabermeja - Colombia. The results of model show the prediction of valuable products such as gasoline for different refinery feedstocks within acceptable accuracy, thus obtaining a reliable ranking of crackability.
本文基于微活性测试(MAT - Microscale Fixed Bed Reactor)的实验反应性数据和详细的物理化学表征，提出了一个预测原料裂解性(催化裂化过程中产生有价值产品的潜力)的统计模型。与原料性质相对应的最少数量的实验测试(通常在炼油厂提供)用于建立更完整的原料描述，包括化学成分和碳氢化合物分布。利用实测和计算的物理化学性质预测了不同MAT反应强度下主要产物的产率。不同的众所周知的函数相关的产量和转换(以前测试的实验数据MAT)允许汽油产量的最大值的评估。这个点被用作可裂性指数和原料潜力的定性点比较。来自哥伦比亚研究所Petróleo (ICP)的广泛原料数据库用于构建模型，其中包括以下原料:轻质原料-炼油厂和实验室从不同类型的哥伦比亚原油和2中切割的汽油。重质原料-哥伦比亚Barrancabermeja Ecopetrol S.A.炼油厂四个催化裂化装置(FCCU)的残留物或组合原料(汽油[GO]、常压塔底[ATB]、脱金属油[DMO]和按不同比例加氢处理的脱金属油[DMOH]的混合)。模型结果表明，对不同炼油厂原料的汽油等有价产品的预测精度在可接受的范围内，从而获得了可靠的可裂性等级。
{"title":"PREDICTION OF THE FCC FEEDSTOCKS CRACKABILITY","authors":"Gustavo Navas Guzmán, Francy L. Martínez Cruz, Juan Pablo Osorio Suárez","doi":"10.29047/01225383.453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.453","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a statistical model for prediction of feedstock’s crackability (potential to generate valuable products on catalytic cracking process), based on experimental reactivity data by microactivity test (MAT - Microscale Fixed Bed Reactor) and detailed physicochemical characterization. A minimum amount of experimental tests corresponding to feed properties (typically available at refinery) is used to build a more complete description of feedstocks including chemical composition and hydrocarbon distribution. Both measured and calculated physicochemical properties are used to predict the yields of main products at several MAT reaction severities. Different well known functions correlating yields and conversion (previously tested with experimental data MAT) allows the evaluation of maximum point of gasoline yield. This point is used like a crackability index and qualitative point comparison of feedstock’s potential. Extensive feedstocks data base from Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo (ICP) with a wide range of composition were used to build the model, including the following feeds: 1. Light feedstocks - Gasoils of refinery and laboratory cuts from different types of Colombian crude oils and 2. Heavy feedstoks - Residues or feedstocks combined (blending of gasoil [GO], atmospheric tower bottom [ATB], demetallized oil [DMO] and demetallized oil hydrotreated [DMOH] in several proportions) from the four fluid catalytic cracking units (FCCU) at Ecopetrol S.A. refinery in Barrancabermeja - Colombia. The results of model show the prediction of valuable products such as gasoline for different refinery feedstocks within acceptable accuracy, thus obtaining a reliable ranking of crackability.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79933361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Carlos M. Escobar Remolina, W. B. Ortiz, Gildardo Santoyo Ramírez
Athermodynamic structure has been modified in order to calculate cloud point, fluidity and amount of precipitated wax under a wide range of temperature conditions, composition, and high pressures. The model is based on a combination of ideal solution concepts, fluid characterization, and formation of multiple solid phases using Cubic State Equations. The experimental data utilized for testing the prediction capacity and potentiality of a model exhibit different characteristics: continuous series synthetic systems of heavy alkanes, discontinuous series, and dead or living petroleum fluids with indefinite fractions such as C7+, C10+, C20+, and C30+. The samples were taken from the literature, petroleum fluids from the main Colombian reservoirs, and some samples of Bolivian fluids. Results presented in this paper show the minimum standard deviations between experimental data and data calculated with a model. This allows a progress in decision-making processes for flow assurance in reservoirs, wells, and surface facilities in the petroleum industry.
{"title":"MULTI-SOLID MODEL MODIFIED TO PREDICT PARAFFIN PRECIPITATION IN PETROLEUM FLUIDS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES","authors":"Juan Carlos M. Escobar Remolina, W. B. Ortiz, Gildardo Santoyo Ramírez","doi":"10.29047/01225383.448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.448","url":null,"abstract":"Athermodynamic structure has been modified in order to calculate cloud point, fluidity and amount of precipitated wax under a wide range of temperature conditions, composition, and high pressures. The model is based on a combination of ideal solution concepts, fluid characterization, and formation of multiple solid phases using Cubic State Equations. The experimental data utilized for testing the prediction capacity and potentiality of a model exhibit different characteristics: continuous series synthetic systems of heavy alkanes, discontinuous series, and dead or living petroleum fluids with indefinite fractions such as C7+, C10+, C20+, and C30+. The samples were taken from the literature, petroleum fluids from the main Colombian reservoirs, and some samples of Bolivian fluids. Results presented in this paper show the minimum standard deviations between experimental data and data calculated with a model. This allows a progress in decision-making processes for flow assurance in reservoirs, wells, and surface facilities in the petroleum industry.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79383081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giovanni Morales Medina, Ramiro Lector Martinez Rey
We call molecular modeling to the application of suitable laws in the analysis of phenomena occurred at scales less than those accounted for by the macroscopic world. Such different scales (including micro-, meso- and macroscales), can be linked and integrated in order to improve understanding and predictions of complex physical chemistry phenomena, thus originating a global or multiscale analysis. A considerable amount of chemical engineering phenomena are complex due to the interrelation among these different realms of length and time. Multiscale modeling rises as an alternative for an outstanding mathematical and conceptual representation of such phenomena. This adequate representation may help to design and optimize chemical and petrochemical processes from a microscopic point of view. Herein we present a brief introduction to both molecular and multiscale modeling methods. We also comment and examine opportunities for applying the different levels of modeling to the analysis of industrial problems. The fundamental mathematical machinery of the molecular modelling theories is presented in order to motivate the study of these new engineering tools. Finally, we show a classification of different strategies for applying multilevel analysis, illustrating various examples of each methodology.
{"title":"MOLECULAR AND MULTISCALE MODELING: REVIEW ON THE THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING","authors":"Giovanni Morales Medina, Ramiro Lector Martinez Rey","doi":"10.29047/01225383.458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.458","url":null,"abstract":"We call molecular modeling to the application of suitable laws in the analysis of phenomena occurred at scales less than those accounted for by the macroscopic world. Such different scales (including micro-, meso- and macroscales), can be linked and integrated in order to improve understanding and predictions of complex physical chemistry phenomena, thus originating a global or multiscale analysis. A considerable amount of chemical engineering phenomena are complex due to the interrelation among these different realms of length and time. Multiscale modeling rises as an alternative for an outstanding mathematical and conceptual representation of such phenomena. This adequate representation may help to design and optimize chemical and petrochemical processes from a microscopic point of view. Herein we present a brief introduction to both molecular and multiscale modeling methods. We also comment and examine opportunities for applying the different levels of modeling to the analysis of industrial problems. The fundamental mathematical machinery of the molecular modelling theories is presented in order to motivate the study of these new engineering tools. Finally, we show a classification of different strategies for applying multilevel analysis, illustrating various examples of each methodology.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"55 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77866740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diana C. López, Cesar-A. Mahecha, L. Hoyos, L. Acevedo, Jaime-F. Villamizar
The process of crude distillation impacts the economy of any refinery in a considerable manner. Therefore, it is necessary to improve it taking good advantage of the available infrastructure, generating products that conform to the specifications without violating the equipment operating constraints or plant restrictions at industrial units. The objective of this paper is to present the development of an optimization model for a Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) system at a ECOPETROL S.A. refinery in Barrancabermeja, involving the typical restrictions (flow according to pipeline capacity, pumps, distillation columns, etc) and a restriction that has not been included in bibliographic reports for this type of models: the heat integration of streams from Atmospheric Distillation Towers (ADTs) and Vacuum Distillation Towers (VDT) with the heat exchanger networks for crude pre-heating. On the other hand, ADTs were modeled with Metamodels in function of column temperatures and pressures, pumparounds flows and return temperatures, stripping steam flows, Jet EBP ASTM D-86 and Diesel EBP ASTM D-86. Pre-heating trains were modeled with mass and energy balances, and design equation of each heat exchanger. The optimization model is NLP, maximizing the system profit. This model was implemented in GAMSide 22,2 using the CONOPT solver and it found new operating points with better economic results than those obtained with the normal operation in the real plants. It predicted optimum operation conditions of 3 ADTs for constant composition crude and calculated the yields and properties of atmospheric products, additional to temperatures and duties of 27 Crude Oil exchangers.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION MODEL OF A SYSTEM OF CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION UNITS WITH HEAT INTEGRATION AND METAMODELING","authors":"Diana C. López, Cesar-A. Mahecha, L. Hoyos, L. Acevedo, Jaime-F. Villamizar","doi":"10.29047/01225383.455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.455","url":null,"abstract":"The process of crude distillation impacts the economy of any refinery in a considerable manner. Therefore, it is necessary to improve it taking good advantage of the available infrastructure, generating products that conform to the specifications without violating the equipment operating constraints or plant restrictions at industrial units. The objective of this paper is to present the development of an optimization model for a Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) system at a ECOPETROL S.A. refinery in Barrancabermeja, involving the typical restrictions (flow according to pipeline capacity, pumps, distillation columns, etc) and a restriction that has not been included in bibliographic reports for this type of models: the heat integration of streams from Atmospheric Distillation Towers (ADTs) and Vacuum Distillation Towers (VDT) with the heat exchanger networks for crude pre-heating. On the other hand, ADTs were modeled with Metamodels in function of column temperatures and pressures, pumparounds flows and return temperatures, stripping steam flows, Jet EBP ASTM D-86 and Diesel EBP ASTM D-86. Pre-heating trains were modeled with mass and energy balances, and design equation of each heat exchanger. The optimization model is NLP, maximizing the system profit. This model was implemented in GAMSide 22,2 using the CONOPT solver and it found new operating points with better economic results than those obtained with the normal operation in the real plants. It predicted optimum operation conditions of 3 ADTs for constant composition crude and calculated the yields and properties of atmospheric products, additional to temperatures and duties of 27 Crude Oil exchangers.","PeriodicalId":55200,"journal":{"name":"Ct&f-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83856361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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