Pub Date : 2025-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111117
Seyed-Mohammadreza Samaee , Alicia Estévez
Artemia nauplii (AN) are commonly fed as live prey, although they are deficient in certain fatty acids (FAs). To address this deficiency, AN are directly enriched with the necessary FAs. However, while the use of plant oils (POs) in aquafeed is common practice, their applicability toward mass production of enriched AN has not been fully explored. The goal of this study was to investigate the flexibility of AN FA synthesis in response to POs. Three olive oils (OOs) derived from single-cultivar trees (Kor, Par, and Arg) were used to enrich AN. Newly hatched (AN0) and 36-h starved AN (AN36) were designated as unenriched groups. While certain FAs increased (16:1n-7, 18:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6, and 20:5n-3) from AN0 to AN36, others, such as 16:0 and 18:0, decreased, indicating ongoing FA synthesis in AN. Regression models revealed interrelationships among FAs in AN36. The AN enriched with OOs exhibited significant changes in their FA profiles and interrelationships. These changes were attributed to either biosynthesis or dietary factors. Overall, the results suggest that using POs, as sustainable enrichment components, can effectively modify FA metabolism in AN to achieve desired FA profiles.
{"title":"Plant oils induce fatty acid plasticity in Artemia – A comparison among newly hatched, starved, and enriched nauplii","authors":"Seyed-Mohammadreza Samaee , Alicia Estévez","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Artemia</em> nauplii (AN) are commonly fed as live prey, although they are deficient in certain fatty acids (FAs). To address this deficiency, AN are directly enriched with the necessary FAs. However, while the use of plant oils (POs) in aquafeed is common practice, their applicability toward mass production of enriched AN has not been fully explored. The goal of this study was to investigate the flexibility of AN FA synthesis in response to POs. Three olive oils (OOs) derived from single-cultivar trees (Kor, Par, and Arg) were used to enrich AN. Newly hatched (AN0) and 36-h starved AN (AN36) were designated as unenriched groups. While certain FAs increased (16:1<em>n</em>-7, 18:1<em>n</em>-7, 18:1<em>n</em>-9, 18:2<em>n</em>-6, 18:3<em>n</em>-3, 20:4<em>n</em>-6, and 20:5<em>n</em>-3) from AN0 to AN36, others, such as 16:0 and 18:0, decreased, indicating ongoing FA synthesis in AN. Regression models revealed interrelationships among FAs in AN36. The AN enriched with OOs exhibited significant changes in their FA profiles and interrelationships. These changes were attributed to either biosynthesis or dietary factors. Overall, the results suggest that using POs, as sustainable enrichment components, can effectively modify FA metabolism in AN to achieve desired FA profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 111117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111116
Veronika Pedrini-Martha , Bernhard Egger , Michael Niederwanger , Reinhard Dallinger , Martina Höckner
Control of metal ion metabolism in animals is crucial for their survival. In this context, the regulation of metallothioneins (MTs), key proteins in metal metabolism and detoxification, by the metal regulatory transcription factor MTF-1 is well established in vertebrates and Drosophila melanogaster. However, the metal-dependent regulation of MT genes in most other invertebrates remains poorly understood, with MTF-1 so far identified in only a few invertebrate species. In the present study, we identified the presence of MTF-1 in diverse species within Lophotrochozoa. Specifically, we confirmed the functionality of MTF-1 from Helix pomatia (Gastropoda) and Lumbricus terrestris (Annelida) through in vitro co-expression studies using a dual-luciferase assay. We also demonstrate that the conserved zinc finger region appears to be the functional centrepiece of MTF-1 throughout all animal phyla, supporting core transcription factor functions across different species. In contrast, there is high variability in the up- and downstream MTF-1 sequences which may reflect the potential for additional functions, such as species- and habitat-specific adaptations. Our study provides a comprehensive framework for better understanding MTF-1 sequence and functional variability between closely and more distantly related species.
{"title":"Structural and functional plasticity of metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) within Lophotrochozoa","authors":"Veronika Pedrini-Martha , Bernhard Egger , Michael Niederwanger , Reinhard Dallinger , Martina Höckner","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Control of metal ion metabolism in animals is crucial for their survival. In this context, the regulation of metallothioneins (MTs), key proteins in metal metabolism and detoxification, by the metal regulatory transcription factor MTF-1 is well established in vertebrates and <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>. However, the metal-dependent regulation of <em>MT</em> genes in most other invertebrates remains poorly understood, with MTF-1 so far identified in only a few invertebrate species. In the present study, we identified the presence of MTF-1 in diverse species within Lophotrochozoa. Specifically, we confirmed the functionality of MTF-1 from <em>Helix pomatia</em> (Gastropoda) and <em>Lumbricus terrestris</em> (Annelida) through in vitro co-expression studies using a dual-luciferase assay. We also demonstrate that the conserved zinc finger region appears to be the functional centrepiece of MTF-1 throughout all animal phyla, supporting core transcription factor functions across different species. In contrast, there is high variability in the up- and downstream MTF-1 sequences which may reflect the potential for additional functions, such as species- and habitat-specific adaptations. Our study provides a comprehensive framework for better understanding MTF-1 sequence and functional variability between closely and more distantly related species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 111116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111115
Wen Luo, Hongling Wu, Ying Huang, Wenzheng Zou, Fang Han
Viperin (Virus inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, IFN-inducible) is a broad-spectrum antiviral protein widely involved in vertebrate innate immune regulation. This study cloned the 5′ flanking promoter region (2010 bp) of the viperin gene (named as LcViperin) in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and analyzed its promoter characteristics through bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Results indicated that the LcViperin promoter region contains two TATA boxes and several critical transcription factor binding sites, including interferon-stimulated response elements (ISREs), GATA-binding factor 1 (GATA1), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), and signal transduction and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Promoter region truncation experiments in HEK 293 T cells further confirmed that the core promoter region is located between −331 and − 121 bp. LcViperin overexpression significantly activated IRF3, IRF7, and IFN1 promoters in a dose-dependent manner. Domain deletion experiments demonstrated that the N-terminal and SAM (S-adenosyl-L-methionine) domains play key roles in promoter activation. Additionally, co-transfection with LcViperin and IRAK1 (interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1, named as LcIRAK1) significantly enhanced IRF3, IRF7, and IFN1 promoter activity. This study reveals the regulatory characteristics of the large yellow croaker viperin promoter and its role in the interferon signaling pathway, providing a theoretical basis for understanding its immune regulatory mechanism and improving disease resistance in large yellow croaker. It also offers a scientific basis for understanding viperin regulation and its application in disease prevention in aquaculture.
{"title":"Regulatory mechanism of viperin in the interferon signaling pathway of large yellow croaker: Characterization of the promoter region","authors":"Wen Luo, Hongling Wu, Ying Huang, Wenzheng Zou, Fang Han","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viperin (Virus inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, IFN-inducible) is a broad-spectrum antiviral protein widely involved in vertebrate innate immune regulation. This study cloned the 5′ flanking promoter region (2010 bp) of the <em>viperin</em> gene (named as <em>LcViperin</em>) in large yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>) and analyzed its promoter characteristics through bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Results indicated that the <em>LcViperin</em> promoter region contains two TATA boxes and several critical transcription factor binding sites, including interferon-stimulated response elements (ISREs), GATA-binding factor 1 (GATA1), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), and signal transduction and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Promoter region truncation experiments in HEK 293 T cells further confirmed that the core promoter region is located between −331 and − 121 bp. <em>LcViperin</em> overexpression significantly activated IRF3, IRF7, and IFN1 promoters in a dose-dependent manner. Domain deletion experiments demonstrated that the N-terminal and SAM (S-adenosyl-L-methionine) domains play key roles in promoter activation. Additionally, co-transfection with <em>LcViperin</em> and <em>IRAK1</em> (interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1, named as <em>LcIRAK1</em>) significantly enhanced IRF3, IRF7, and IFN1 promoter activity. This study reveals the regulatory characteristics of the large yellow croaker <em>viperin</em> promoter and its role in the interferon signaling pathway, providing a theoretical basis for understanding its immune regulatory mechanism and improving disease resistance in large yellow croaker. It also offers a scientific basis for understanding viperin regulation and its application in disease prevention in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 111115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111114
Maria Stager , Luke R Wilde , Rebecca Ganley , Cory R Elowe
Many small endotherms increase their capacity to produce heat in response to cold temperatures. This organismal response is underlain by modifications to lower levels of biological organization. Here we investigated potential changes to muscle morphology in cold-acclimated Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis), a widespread North American sparrow. We quantified pectoralis fiber density, fiber cross-sectional area, capillary density, capillary-to-fiber ratio, and fiber type for individuals exposed to cold (−8 °C) or control (18 °C) temperature treatments lasting one to six weeks in duration. We then related pectoralis morphological traits to metabolic traits for these same individuals. We show that pectoralis fiber density quickly increased in the cold, and positively correlated with summit metabolic rate (a proxy for maximal thermogenic capacity) and resting metabolic rate (an index of maintenance cost) in the cold. Fiber density was not, however, related to the duration of the treatment. Moreover, juncos did not exhibit changes in capillarity or fiber type. Our results suggest one physiological avenue by which songbirds may rapidly alter organismal performance in response to variation in ambient temperature.
{"title":"Modifications to skeletal muscle morphology correlate with increased thermogenic capacity during cold-acclimation in Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis)","authors":"Maria Stager , Luke R Wilde , Rebecca Ganley , Cory R Elowe","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many small endotherms increase their capacity to produce heat in response to cold temperatures. This organismal response is underlain by modifications to lower levels of biological organization. Here we investigated potential changes to muscle morphology in cold-acclimated Dark-eyed Juncos (<em>Junco hyemalis</em>), a widespread North American sparrow. We quantified pectoralis fiber density, fiber cross-sectional area, capillary density, capillary-to-fiber ratio, and fiber type for individuals exposed to cold (−8 °C) or control (18 °C) temperature treatments lasting one to six weeks in duration. We then related pectoralis morphological traits to metabolic traits for these same individuals. We show that pectoralis fiber density quickly increased in the cold, and positively correlated with summit metabolic rate (a proxy for maximal thermogenic capacity) and resting metabolic rate (an index of maintenance cost) in the cold. Fiber density was not, however, related to the duration of the treatment. Moreover, juncos did not exhibit changes in capillarity or fiber type. Our results suggest one physiological avenue by which songbirds may rapidly alter organismal performance in response to variation in ambient temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 111114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111113
Rachel K. Prokopius , Kevin J. McGraw , Alessandro Catenazzi
Carotenoids are colored molecules that are sequestered through diet and provide health benefits and affect reproductive success in certain organisms. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a worldwide amphibian infection that invades skin, disrupts vital regulatory processes and can cause death. We hypothesized Bd skin infection affects sequestration of important skin carotenoids in carotenoid-supplemented strawberry poison frogs (Oophaga pumilio). We predicted that infection would deplete skin carotenoid concentrations due to the energetic or immunological trade-off required when fighting infection. We experimentally infected a group of adult male and female O. pumilio with Bd and used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to compare types and concentrations of 17 unique skin carotenoids between infected and control (mock-infected) animals that were all supplemented with dietary carotenoids. We achieved a range of Bd infection (from around 1.0 × 101 to above 1.0 × 107 zoospore equivalents) in all infected frogs. We found no effect of Bd infection on skin carotenoid concentrations, regardless of sex. This suggests Bd infection is not sufficient to alter skin carotenoids in O. pumilio with non-limited dietary carotenoids, perhaps due to sufficient energy available both for combating infection and maintaining skin carotenoids in captive animals. We suggest further study of the energetics of sequestering and metabolizing carotenoids in amphibians and its relationship to energy needed when combating Bd infection to better understand how skin carotenoids are maintained when Bd infection takes hold. Studying the effect of pathogen infection on organism carotenoid sequestration will continue to be important as emerging infectious diseases surface worldwide.
{"title":"Fungal disease does not affect skin carotenoid concentrations in dietary-supplemented strawberry poison frogs","authors":"Rachel K. Prokopius , Kevin J. McGraw , Alessandro Catenazzi","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carotenoids are colored molecules that are sequestered through diet and provide health benefits and affect reproductive success in certain organisms. <em>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</em> (Bd) is a worldwide amphibian infection that invades skin, disrupts vital regulatory processes and can cause death. We hypothesized Bd skin infection affects sequestration of important skin carotenoids in carotenoid-supplemented strawberry poison frogs (<em>Oophaga pumilio</em>). We predicted that infection would deplete skin carotenoid concentrations due to the energetic or immunological trade-off required when fighting infection. We experimentally infected a group of adult male and female <em>O. pumilio</em> with Bd and used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to compare types and concentrations of 17 unique skin carotenoids between infected and control (mock-infected) animals that were all supplemented with dietary carotenoids. We achieved a range of Bd infection (from around 1.0 × 10<sup>1</sup> to above 1.0 × 10<sup>7</sup> zoospore equivalents) in all infected frogs. We found no effect of Bd infection on skin carotenoid concentrations, regardless of sex. This suggests Bd infection is not sufficient to alter skin carotenoids in <em>O. pumilio</em> with non-limited dietary carotenoids, perhaps due to sufficient energy available both for combating infection and maintaining skin carotenoids in captive animals. We suggest further study of the energetics of sequestering and metabolizing carotenoids in amphibians and its relationship to energy needed when combating Bd infection to better understand how skin carotenoids are maintained when Bd infection takes hold. Studying the effect of pathogen infection on organism carotenoid sequestration will continue to be important as emerging infectious diseases surface worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 111113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111112
Xinxin Chen , Zebin Chen , Yuqing Xu , Pengfei Zou , Weiliang Shen , Ziping Zhang , Yilei Wang
Members of the heat shock protein 90 family (HSP90s) are evolutionarily conserved and play crucial roles in protein transport, immune regulation and antigen presentation. In this study, five hsp90s were identified from the genome of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and analyzed using bioinformatics. All five identified hsp90s encode proteins with HATPase_c and HSP90 domains, and are mainly localized in the cytoplasm, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Chromosomal mapping revealed their distribution across three distinct chromosomes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis showed differential expression patterns of the five hsp90s in 11 tissues. Additionally, their expression dynamics in the liver, spleen, head kidney, gill and blood were analyzed at 3 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h post thermal stress, Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection or under a combination of these two stressors. Results showed that the L. crocea hsp90s exhibited distinct expression patterns in response to the above three stimuli in different immune tissues. Notably, hsp90s in the spleen were most responsive. This study systematically clarified for the first time the gene structure characteristics, tissue expression patterns, and environmental stress response mechanisms of the HSP90 family in L. crocea. It confirmed that hsp90s show significant functional differentiation and synergy in response to biotic (pathogen infection) and abiotic (thermal stress) stresses, and provides important clues for a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of environmental adaptation in L. crocea.
{"title":"Genome-wide identification of heat shock protein 90 family in Larimichthys crocea and expression analysis in response to thermal stress and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection","authors":"Xinxin Chen , Zebin Chen , Yuqing Xu , Pengfei Zou , Weiliang Shen , Ziping Zhang , Yilei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Members of the heat shock protein 90 family (HSP90s) are evolutionarily conserved and play crucial roles in protein transport, immune regulation and antigen presentation. In this study, five <em>hsp90s</em> were identified from the genome of large yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>) and analyzed using bioinformatics. All five identified <em>hsp90s</em> encode proteins with HATPase_c and HSP90 domains, and are mainly localized in the cytoplasm, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Chromosomal mapping revealed their distribution across three distinct chromosomes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis showed differential expression patterns of the five <em>hsp90s</em> in 11 tissues. Additionally, their expression dynamics in the liver, spleen, head kidney, gill and blood were analyzed at 3 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h post thermal stress, <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> infection or under a combination of these two stressors. Results showed that the <em>L. crocea hsp90s</em> exhibited distinct expression patterns in response to the above three stimuli in different immune tissues. Notably, <em>hsp90s</em> in the spleen were most responsive. This study systematically clarified for the first time the gene structure characteristics, tissue expression patterns, and environmental stress response mechanisms of the HSP90 family in L. <em>crocea</em>. It confirmed that <em>hsp90s</em> show significant functional differentiation and synergy in response to biotic (pathogen infection) and abiotic (thermal stress) stresses, and provides important clues for a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of environmental adaptation in L. <em>crocea</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 111112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-11DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111111
Mirna Leandra Enriquez Reyes , Andrea Idelette Hernandez , Raíza dos Santos Azevedo , Beatriz Xavier Figueiredo , Isaac dos Santos Flores , Arthur Cardoso , Tony Silveira , Iuri Salim Abou Anni , Antonio Sergio Varela Junior , Bruna Felix Nornberg , Luis Fernando Marins
The inclusion of cyanobacteria in aquafeeds is a sustainable alternative to traditional fishmeal. This study evaluated the effects of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 supplementation on intestinal morphology, liver histopathology, and antioxidant gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish were fed a commercial diet (CF) or the same diet supplemented with S. elongatus (EF) for 35 days. Liver histopathology revealed that 62 % of fish in the CF group exhibited generalized liver alteration, while fish in the EF group showed a lower frequency of generalized alteration (31 %) and a higher frequency of multifocal lesions (46 %), suggesting improved hepatic homeostasis. Intestinal morphometry showed no significant changes in villus length between groups. Gene expression analysis demonstrated a significant downregulation of xenobiotic metabolism genes (cyp1a, gst), antioxidant defense genes (sod1, sod2, cat), and steroid metabolism (cyp19a1a) in fish fed S. elongatus, except for gpx, which remained unchanged. The reduction in antioxidant gene expression, along with improved liver histology, suggests a lower oxidative stress in the EF group, likely due to synergistic effects of S. elongatus in mitigating oxidative damage. These findings indicate that S. elongatus supplementation does not impair intestinal morphology or liver function but supports hepatic homeostasis by reducing oxidative stress and modulating liver histopathology. This highlights its potential as a functional feed additive in aquaculture.
{"title":"Hepatic protective effects and oxidative stress modulation via gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) fed with Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 as a functional feed additive","authors":"Mirna Leandra Enriquez Reyes , Andrea Idelette Hernandez , Raíza dos Santos Azevedo , Beatriz Xavier Figueiredo , Isaac dos Santos Flores , Arthur Cardoso , Tony Silveira , Iuri Salim Abou Anni , Antonio Sergio Varela Junior , Bruna Felix Nornberg , Luis Fernando Marins","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inclusion of cyanobacteria in aquafeeds is a sustainable alternative to traditional fishmeal. This study evaluated the effects of <em>Synechococcus elongatus</em> PCC 7942 supplementation on intestinal morphology, liver histopathology, and antioxidant gene expression in zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>). Fish were fed a commercial diet (CF) or the same diet supplemented with <em>S. elongatus</em> (EF) for 35 days. Liver histopathology revealed that 62 % of fish in the CF group exhibited generalized liver alteration, while fish in the EF group showed a lower frequency of generalized alteration (31 %) and a higher frequency of multifocal lesions (46 %), suggesting improved hepatic homeostasis. Intestinal morphometry showed no significant changes in villus length between groups. Gene expression analysis demonstrated a significant downregulation of xenobiotic metabolism genes (<em>cyp1a</em>, <em>gst</em>), antioxidant defense genes (<em>sod1</em>, <em>sod2</em>, <em>cat</em>), and steroid metabolism (<em>cyp19a1a</em>) in fish fed <em>S. elongatus</em>, except for <em>gpx</em>, which remained unchanged. The reduction in antioxidant gene expression, along with improved liver histology, suggests a lower oxidative stress in the EF group, likely due to synergistic effects of <em>S. elongatus</em> in mitigating oxidative damage. These findings indicate that <em>S. elongatus</em> supplementation does not impair intestinal morphology or liver function but supports hepatic homeostasis by reducing oxidative stress and modulating liver histopathology. This highlights its potential as a functional feed additive in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 111111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111110
Yirui Zhang , Chang Wang , Jiahao Wu, Ting Liu, Han Wu, Zhonghua Peng, Chengxi Liu, Shengwei Wang, Yan Wang, Kaikun Luo, Jing Wang, Shaojun Liu
miR-430, a microRNA expressed at the maternal-zygotic transition (MZT) stage, plays a vital role in maternal transcript clearance and suppression of primordial germ cell-specific genes. This study investigated the expression and regulation of miR-430 in goldfish (Carassius auratus var., ♀) × rare gudgeon (Gobiocypris rarus, ♂) [s-GFRG, survival] and rare gudgeon (♀) × goldfish (♂) [d-RGGF, death] embryos to explore the role of miR-430 in hybrid fish. Gene sequence comparisons demonstrated that three types of miR-430 in s-GFRG exhibited similarity to that of the female parent goldfish (GF) and displayed characteristic variation. Conversely, d-RGGF exhibited two miR-430 variants resembling those of GF and rare gudgeon (RG). In addition, real-time quantitative PCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that the expression trend of miR-430 was the same in hybrid progenies, and temporal expression was delayed compared to that in the parental embryos. However, miR-430 expression was significantly lower in d-RGGF than in GF and s-GFRG embryos. Similar to the development of d-RGGF embryos, miR-430-silenced s-GFRG embryos exhibited morphological abnormalities including spinal curvature and pericardial cavity enlargement. Overexpression of miR-430 in d-RGGF embryos effectively rescued somitogenesis and prolonged fry survival. Thus, an abnormal MZT resulting from disturbed miR-430 expression may contribute to hybrid embryo mortality.
{"title":"Exploring the role of miR-430 in hybrid fish during embryonic development","authors":"Yirui Zhang , Chang Wang , Jiahao Wu, Ting Liu, Han Wu, Zhonghua Peng, Chengxi Liu, Shengwei Wang, Yan Wang, Kaikun Luo, Jing Wang, Shaojun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>miR-430</em>, a microRNA expressed at the maternal-zygotic transition (MZT) stage, plays a vital role in maternal transcript clearance and suppression of primordial germ cell-specific genes. This study investigated the expression and regulation of <em>miR-430</em> in goldfish (<em>Carassius auratus</em> var., ♀) × rare gudgeon (<em>Gobiocypris rarus</em>, ♂) [s-GFRG, survival] and rare gudgeon (♀) × goldfish (♂) [d-RGGF, death] embryos to explore the role of <em>miR-430</em> in hybrid fish. Gene sequence comparisons demonstrated that three types of <em>miR-430</em> in s-GFRG exhibited similarity to that of the female parent goldfish (GF) and displayed characteristic variation. Conversely, d-RGGF exhibited two <em>miR-430</em> variants resembling those of GF and rare gudgeon (RG). In addition, real-time quantitative PCR and whole-mount <em>in situ</em> hybridization revealed that the expression trend of <em>miR-430</em> was the same in hybrid progenies, and temporal expression was delayed compared to that in the parental embryos. However, <em>miR-430</em> expression was significantly lower in d-RGGF than in GF and s-GFRG embryos. Similar to the development of d-RGGF embryos, <em>miR-430</em>-silenced s-GFRG embryos exhibited morphological abnormalities including spinal curvature and pericardial cavity enlargement. Overexpression of <em>miR-430</em> in d-RGGF embryos effectively rescued somitogenesis and prolonged fry survival. Thus, an abnormal MZT resulting from disturbed <em>miR-430</em> expression may contribute to hybrid embryo mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 111110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111102
I-Pei Kuo , Yu-Ting Chu , Ching-Shuo Liu , Shuenn-Der Yang , Fan-Hua Nan
Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1B) is a key proinflammatory cytokine involved in disease resistance. In recent years, il-1β genes from several teleosts have been cloned. The Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) is an evolutionarily primitive fish widely farmed in East Asia. The il-1β gene has not yet been cloned from Japanese eel. In this study, the complete cDNA of il-1β was successfully sequenced from peripheral leukocytes through the rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The il-1β gene consists of five exons and four introns, and the full-length cDNA spans 1204 bp, comprising a 99-bp 5′ untranslated region, a 750-bp coding sequence, and a 355-bp 3′ untranslated region. The deduced amino acid sequence includes a consensus IL-1 family signature but lacks both a signal peptide and an IL-1 converting enzyme cleavage site, similar to other teleost IL-1B proteins. Homology analysis revealed that Japanese eel IL-1B is highly conserved within the order Anguilliformes, sharing the highest similarity with American eel (Anguilla rostrata), followed by conger eel (Conger myriaster). Tissue expression analysis showed that il-1β is constitutively expressed in multiple tissues, with high expression in peripheral leukocytes and the spleen; moderate expression in the gill, liver, head kidney, trunk kidney, and intestine; and low expression in the heart, stomach, skin, and muscle. In vitro stimulation with zymosan, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, and lipopolysaccharide upregulated il-1β expression in peripheral leukocytes.
{"title":"Molecular characterization and expression analysis of interleukin-1 beta in Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica)","authors":"I-Pei Kuo , Yu-Ting Chu , Ching-Shuo Liu , Shuenn-Der Yang , Fan-Hua Nan","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1B) is a key proinflammatory cytokine involved in disease resistance. In recent years, <em>il</em>-<em>1β</em> genes from several teleosts have been cloned. The Japanese eel (<em>Anguilla japonica</em>) is an evolutionarily primitive fish widely farmed in East Asia. The <em>il</em>-<em>1β</em> gene has not yet been cloned from Japanese eel. In this study, the complete cDNA of <em>il</em>-<em>1β</em> was successfully sequenced from peripheral leukocytes through the rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The <em>il</em>-<em>1β</em> gene consists of five exons and four introns, and the full-length cDNA spans 1204 bp, comprising a 99-bp 5′ untranslated region, a 750-bp coding sequence, and a 355-bp 3′ untranslated region. The deduced amino acid sequence includes a consensus IL-1 family signature but lacks both a signal peptide and an IL-1 converting enzyme cleavage site, similar to other teleost IL-1B proteins. Homology analysis revealed that Japanese eel IL-1B is highly conserved within the order Anguilliformes, sharing the highest similarity with American eel (<em>Anguilla rostrata</em>), followed by conger eel (<em>Conger myriaster</em>). Tissue expression analysis showed that <em>il</em>-<em>1β</em> is constitutively expressed in multiple tissues, with high expression in peripheral leukocytes and the spleen; moderate expression in the gill, liver, head kidney, trunk kidney, and intestine; and low expression in the heart, stomach, skin, and muscle. <em>In vitro</em> stimulation with zymosan, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, and lipopolysaccharide upregulated <em>il</em>-<em>1β</em> expression in peripheral leukocytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 111102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-26DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111101
Ying Tan , Chenyu Shi , Qi Li , Hongqiang Xu , Shikai Liu
In marine bivalves, glycogen functions as a key energy source, influencing essential physiological processes such as growth, development, gametogenesis, and the reproductive cycle. Glycogen synthase (GYS), the key enzyme regulating glycogen biosynthesis, shows expression patterns directly correlated with seasonal glycogen fluctuations. This study identified genetic variations within the transcriptional regulatory region of the GYS gene in populations of Crassostrea gigas and C. sikamea. Two key single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites, SNP -792-G/T and SNP -60-T/C, were identified to be associated with glycogen content. The polymorphisms in the GYS gene promoter result in species-specific differences in transcriptional binding activity, with C. sikamea showing higher activity in core region compared to C. gigas. Polymorphisms in this highly conserved promoter region alter the affinity of transcription regulatory elements for hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and octamer-binding transcription factor 1 (OCT-1), thereby influencing GYS gene expression levels. These changes were related with interspecific differences in glycogen content between C. sikamea and C. gigas. Experimental evidence confirmed the specific binding of transcription factors to SNP-mutated promoter motifs. These SNPs represent critical species-specific regulatory sites and may serve as valuable markers for selecting oyster strains with high glycogen content. Our findings demonstrate that SNPs within the transcription regulatory elements of the GYS gene alter the binding affinity for transcription factors OCT-1 and HIF-1α, thereby playing a critical role in energy metabolism in oysters. Our study offers novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of the GYS gene and its contribution to glycogen storage.
{"title":"Regulatory variants of glycogen synthase contribute to differential glycogen content between Crassostrea gigas and C. sikamea","authors":"Ying Tan , Chenyu Shi , Qi Li , Hongqiang Xu , Shikai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In marine bivalves, glycogen functions as a key energy source, influencing essential physiological processes such as growth, development, gametogenesis, and the reproductive cycle. Glycogen synthase (GYS), the key enzyme regulating glycogen biosynthesis, shows expression patterns directly correlated with seasonal glycogen fluctuations. This study identified genetic variations within the transcriptional regulatory region of the <em>GYS</em> gene in populations of <em>Crassostrea gigas</em> and <em>C. sikamea</em>. Two key single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites, SNP -792-G/T and SNP -60-T/C, were identified to be associated with glycogen content. The polymorphisms in the <em>GYS</em> gene promoter result in species-specific differences in transcriptional binding activity, with <em>C. sikamea</em> showing higher activity in core region compared to <em>C. gigas</em>. Polymorphisms in this highly conserved promoter region alter the affinity of transcription regulatory elements for hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and octamer-binding transcription factor 1 (OCT-1), thereby influencing <em>GYS</em> gene expression levels. These changes were related with interspecific differences in glycogen content between <em>C. sikamea</em> and <em>C. gigas</em>. Experimental evidence confirmed the specific binding of transcription factors to SNP-mutated promoter motifs. These SNPs represent critical species-specific regulatory sites and may serve as valuable markers for selecting oyster strains with high glycogen content. Our findings demonstrate that SNPs within the transcription regulatory elements of the <em>GYS</em> gene alter the binding affinity for transcription factors OCT-1 and HIF-1α, thereby playing a critical role in energy metabolism in oysters. Our study offers novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of the <em>GYS</em> gene and its contribution to glycogen storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 111101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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