Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology最新文献_第7页

Differences in expression of ferroptosis-related genes and oxidative stress level between chicken breast and thigh muscles 鸡胸肌和大腿肌中铁中毒相关基因表达及氧化应激水平的差异。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111919

Tomonori Nakanishi , Jun Wakamatsu , Saki Nemoto , Akihiro Yamamoto , Laurie Erickson , Satoshi Kawahara

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation. In the skeletal muscle of mammals, where oxidative stress plays an important role in lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis is involved in various diseases and aging. However, the role of ferroptosis in avian skeletal muscle remains underexplored. This study investigated the gene expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and other ferroptosis-related genes, along with oxidative stress markers in chicken skeletal muscles, focusing on the breast (pectoralis major) and thigh (iliotibialis lateralis) muscles. Gene expression was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress were evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation byproduct, and by evaluating the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Our results showed that GPX4 gene expression was significantly higher in the thigh muscle compared to the breast muscle. Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) expression was also higher in the thigh muscle, while ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) expression was lower in the thigh muscle than in the breast muscle. In contrast, lipid peroxidation, indicated by MDA levels, was higher in the breast muscle, correlating with a lower GSH/GSSG ratio, indicating that the breast muscle is more susceptible to ferroptosis than the thigh muscle. Additionally, the expression of FSP1 and FTH1 showed significant correlations with oxidative stress markers, highlighting their roles in regulating ferroptosis in avian skeletal muscle. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in avian skeletal muscle, suggesting that regulatory processes may vary between muscle types.

铁下垂是一种以脂质过氧化为特征的铁依赖性调节细胞死亡。在哺乳动物的骨骼肌中，氧化应激在脂质过氧化中起重要作用，铁下垂与多种疾病和衰老有关。然而，铁下垂在鸟类骨骼肌中的作用仍未得到充分的研究。本研究主要研究了鸡骨骼肌中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4 （gtathione peroxidase 4, GPX4）和其他铁中毒相关基因以及氧化应激标志物的基因表达，重点研究了胸大肌和股外侧肌。采用定量逆转录聚合酶链反应分析基因表达。通过测定脂质过氧化副产物丙二醛（MDA）和还原性谷胱甘肽（GSH）与氧化性谷胱甘肽（GSSG）的比值来评估脂质过氧化和氧化应激。我们的研究结果表明，GPX4基因在大腿肌肉中的表达明显高于胸肌。大腿肌中铁下垂抑制蛋白1 （FSP1）的表达也较高，而铁蛋白重链1 （FTH1）在大腿肌中的表达低于胸肌。相比之下，MDA水平显示的脂质过氧化在胸肌中较高，与较低的GSH/GSSG比值相关，表明胸肌比大腿肌更容易发生铁下垂。此外，FSP1和FTH1的表达与氧化应激标志物呈显著相关，突出了它们在调节鸟类骨骼肌铁下垂中的作用。这项研究为禽骨骼肌铁下垂的分子机制提供了见解，表明调节过程可能因肌肉类型而异。

{"title":"Differences in expression of ferroptosis-related genes and oxidative stress level between chicken breast and thigh muscles","authors":"Tomonori Nakanishi , Jun Wakamatsu , Saki Nemoto , Akihiro Yamamoto , Laurie Erickson , Satoshi Kawahara","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation. In the skeletal muscle of mammals, where oxidative stress plays an important role in lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis is involved in various diseases and aging. However, the role of ferroptosis in avian skeletal muscle remains underexplored. This study investigated the gene expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (<em>GPX4</em>) and other ferroptosis-related genes, along with oxidative stress markers in chicken skeletal muscles, focusing on the breast (pectoralis major) and thigh (iliotibialis lateralis) muscles. Gene expression was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress were evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation byproduct, and by evaluating the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Our results showed that <em>GPX4</em> gene expression was significantly higher in the thigh muscle compared to the breast muscle. Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (<em>FSP1</em>) expression was also higher in the thigh muscle, while ferritin heavy chain 1 (<em>FTH1</em>) expression was lower in the thigh muscle than in the breast muscle. In contrast, lipid peroxidation, indicated by MDA levels, was higher in the breast muscle, correlating with a lower GSH/GSSG ratio, indicating that the breast muscle is more susceptible to ferroptosis than the thigh muscle. Additionally, the expression of <em>FSP1</em> and <em>FTH1</em> showed significant correlations with oxidative stress markers, highlighting their roles in regulating ferroptosis in avian skeletal muscle. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in avian skeletal muscle, suggesting that regulatory processes may vary between muscle types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111919"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of redox metabolism during hibernation in the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata under natural and laboratory-controlled conditions 自然和实验室控制条件下苹果蜗牛Pomacea canaliculata冬眠期间氧化还原代谢的比较

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111918

Maximiliano Giraud-Billoud , Marcelo Hermes-Lima

Preparation for oxidative stress (POS) is an adaptive strategy for tolerating adverse environmental conditions. It has been demonstrated in over one hundred animals, but the vast majority of the work was done under controlled-laboratory conditions and not in nature. There are no studies evaluating this strategy in the same species comparing laboratory and natural conditions. This study aimed to determine whether POS happens in Pomacea canaliculata snails both in the laboratory (controls versus 7-day hibernation) and in animals collected in the wild (summer versus cold-winter hibernation). The activity of antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant capacity (ABTS), lipid peroxidation levels (TBARS), uric acid, and expression of redox-sensitive transcription factors were determined in foot muscle. Hibernating wild-snails presented increased TBARS compared to summer ones, as well as the activities of SOD and catalase and levels of uric acid; ABTS decreased in winter animals. In laboratory conditions, hibernating snails also exhibited increased TBARS, catalase and glutathione S-transferase and a decrease in ABTS levels. Gene expression of Nrf2 increased in laboratory-hibernation whereas HIF-1α decreased in field-hibernation. Our study shows for the first time that the POS phenotype is similar in lab and wild conditions—hibernating snails exhibit higher lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in both.

氧化应激（POS）的制备是一种适应环境条件的适应性策略。它已经在一百多只动物身上得到了证明，但绝大多数工作是在受控的实验室条件下进行的，而不是在自然界中进行的。目前还没有研究在同一物种中比较实验室和自然条件来评估这种策略。本研究旨在确定在实验室（对照与7天冬眠）和野外（夏季与寒冷冬季冬眠）收集的Pomacea canaliculata蜗牛中是否发生POS。测定足部肌肉中抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化能力（ABTS）、脂质过氧化水平（TBARS）、尿酸和氧化还原敏感转录因子的表达。冬眠野生钉螺TBARS、SOD、过氧化氢酶活性、尿酸水平均高于夏季钉螺；冬季动物ABTS下降。在实验室条件下，冬眠蜗牛也表现出TBARS、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽s -转移酶的增加和ABTS水平的降低。Nrf2基因在室内冬眠时表达升高，而HIF-1α在野外冬眠时表达降低。我们的研究首次表明，POS表型在实验室和野生条件下相似-冬眠蜗牛在两者中都表现出更高的脂质过氧化和抗氧化保护。

{"title":"Comparison of redox metabolism during hibernation in the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata under natural and laboratory-controlled conditions","authors":"Maximiliano Giraud-Billoud , Marcelo Hermes-Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preparation for oxidative stress (POS) is an adaptive strategy for tolerating adverse environmental conditions. It has been demonstrated in over one hundred animals, but the vast majority of the work was done under controlled-laboratory conditions and not in nature. There are no studies evaluating this strategy in the same species comparing laboratory and natural conditions. This study aimed to determine whether POS happens in <em>Pomacea canaliculata</em> snails both in the laboratory (controls versus 7-day hibernation) and in animals collected in the wild (summer versus cold-winter hibernation). The activity of antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant capacity (ABTS), lipid peroxidation levels (TBARS), uric acid, and expression of redox-sensitive transcription factors were determined in foot muscle. Hibernating wild-snails presented increased TBARS compared to summer ones, as well as the activities of SOD and catalase and levels of uric acid; ABTS decreased in winter animals. In laboratory conditions, hibernating snails also exhibited increased TBARS, catalase and glutathione S-transferase and a decrease in ABTS levels. Gene expression of Nrf2 increased in laboratory-hibernation whereas HIF-1α decreased in field-hibernation. Our study shows for the first time that the POS phenotype is similar in lab and wild conditions—hibernating snails exhibit higher lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in both.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An energetic conundrum: contradictory relationship between energetic state and heat tolerance during progressive air exposure in a tropical high-shore gastropod 一个能量难题：热带高岸腹足动物在逐渐暴露于空气中的能量状态和耐热性之间的矛盾关系。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111917

M Akram Ullah , Cristián J. Monaco , David J. Marshall

High-shore intertidal gastropods experience energy-demanding thermo-dehydrative stressful conditions during air emersion, related to their vertical position and the habitat heterogeneity. Simultaneously, these gastropods are forced to downregulate metabolism when resting in air to limit dehydration and ensure energetic homeostasis under conditions of constrained food (energy) intake, due to prolonged inactivity. We investigated this apparent conundrum by studying the temporal patterning of metabolic depression and the influence of depressed metabolism on heat tolerance of the tropical high-shore snail, Planaxis sulcatus, during progressive air emersion. We compared cardiac thermal performance (a proxy for metabolic performance) of snails pre-exposed to different periods of air emersion (field fresh, 5 d and 10 d) and different levels of dehydration and heat stress, mimicking naturally sunned or shaded resting habitats. Compared to early air emersion, long resting periods under benign (shaded) conditions suppressed cardiac thermal performance and elevated heat tolerance, responses mostly not modified by dehydration or heat stress. Cardiac (energetic) suppression was temporally idiosyncratic among individuals, becoming more uniform with longer air emersion. Reanalyzed data comparing higher and lower metabolic (energetic) states across the treatments showed greater heat tolerance in lower-energetic snails. The apparent energetic conundrum of simultaneously needing to support energetically-demanding protective heat tolerance and energetically-conserving metabolic depression can be explained by an early highly energy-demanding preparatory stage, which hardens snails for the duration of aestivation, irrespective of the resting habitat conditions. Our observed temporal patterning of metabolism provides an excellent framework for molecular and cellular investigation of high-shore snails.

高岸潮间带腹足类动物在空气回归过程中经历了高能量的热脱水应激条件，这与它们的垂直位置和生境异质性有关。同时，由于长时间不活动，这些腹足类动物在休息时被迫下调代谢，以限制脱水，并确保在食物（能量）摄入受限的情况下保持能量稳态。我们通过研究热带高海岸蜗牛（Planaxis sulcatus）在渐进空气浮现过程中代谢抑制的时间模式以及代谢抑制对热量的影响来研究这个明显的难题。我们比较了预先暴露于不同空气暴露期（野外新鲜，5天和10天）和不同程度的脱水和热应激的蜗牛的心脏热性能（代谢性能的代表），模拟自然阳光或阴凉的休息栖息地。与早期空气暴露相比，在良性（阴影）条件下的长时间休息抑制了心脏热性能和热耐受性的提高，这些反应大多不受脱水或热应激的影响。心脏（能量）抑制最初在个体中具有暂时性的特异性，随着空气再现时间的延长而变得更加均匀。重新分析的数据比较了不同处理下较高和较低的代谢（能量）状态，结果表明，能量较低的蜗牛具有更强的耐热性。同时需要支持能量要求高的保护性耐热性和能量守恒的代谢抑制，这一明显的能量难题可以用一个早期的、高能量要求的准备阶段来解释，这个阶段使蜗牛在冬眠期间变硬，而不考虑休息栖息地的条件。我们的代谢时间模式为高岸蜗牛的分子和细胞研究提供了一个极好的框架。

{"title":"An energetic conundrum: contradictory relationship between energetic state and heat tolerance during progressive air exposure in a tropical high-shore gastropod","authors":"M Akram Ullah , Cristián J. Monaco , David J. Marshall","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-shore intertidal gastropods experience energy-demanding thermo-dehydrative stressful conditions during air emersion, related to their vertical position and the habitat heterogeneity. Simultaneously, these gastropods are forced to downregulate metabolism when resting in air to limit dehydration and ensure energetic homeostasis under conditions of constrained food (energy) intake, due to prolonged inactivity. We investigated this apparent conundrum by studying the temporal patterning of metabolic depression and the influence of depressed metabolism on heat tolerance of the tropical high-shore snail, <em>Planaxis sulcatus,</em> during progressive air emersion. We compared cardiac thermal performance (a proxy for metabolic performance) of snails pre-exposed to different periods of air emersion (field fresh, 5 d and 10 d) and different levels of dehydration and heat stress, mimicking naturally sunned or shaded resting habitats. Compared to early air emersion, long resting periods under benign (shaded) conditions suppressed cardiac thermal performance and elevated heat tolerance, responses mostly not modified by dehydration or heat stress. Cardiac (energetic) suppression was temporally idiosyncratic among individuals, becoming more uniform with longer air emersion. Reanalyzed data comparing higher and lower metabolic (energetic) states across the treatments showed greater heat tolerance in lower-energetic snails. The apparent energetic conundrum of simultaneously needing to support energetically-demanding protective heat tolerance and energetically-conserving metabolic depression can be explained by an early highly energy-demanding preparatory stage, which hardens snails for the duration of aestivation, irrespective of the resting habitat conditions. Our observed temporal patterning of metabolism provides an excellent framework for molecular and cellular investigation of high-shore snails.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111917"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Group size influences feeding behavior and the expression of appetite, stress, and neurotransmitter-related transcript expression in tiger barb (Puntigrus tetrazona) 群体大小对虎倒钩摄食行为、食欲、应激及神经递质相关转录物表达的影响

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111915

Julianne M.D. King, Helene Volkoff

Tiger barbs (Puntigrus tetrazona) are typical shoaling fish that can become stressed and aggressive when kept in small groups. To examine whether group size affects feeding, fish were housed in groups of 1, 2, 4, or 8 individuals per tank and monitored over a 10-day period. Overall feeding behavior, latency to feed, and the amount of food consumed were assessed daily. After 10 days under these conditions, fish were sampled for intestine and brain for transcript expression analyses. Genes examined included appetite regulators such as neuropeptide Y-npy, orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone-mch in the brain and cholecystokinin-cck and ghrelin in the intestine. We also analyzed brain expression of hormones related to social behavior and stress (oxytocin-oxt, corticotrophin-releasing factor-crf and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-trh) and genes related to the synthesis of serotonin (tryptophan hydroxylase-tph) and dopamine (tyrosine hydroxylase-th) and epinephrine (dopamine-β-hydroxylase- dbh). Isolated fish consumed significantly less food and exhibited longer latency to feed compared to all other groups. Fish housed in pairs also showed reduced intake and longer feeding latency relative to those in groups of 4. In the intestine, ghrelin expression was elevated in isolated fish relative to those in larger groups, while no differences were observed in ccka or cckb expression. In the brain, expression of orexigenic neuropeptides (npy, mch, and orexin) was higher in isolated and pair-housed fish compared to those in groups of 4 or 8. Expression of stress- and neurotransmitter-related genes (crf, trh, th, and tph1) was also significantly elevated in isolated fish. No significant group-size effects were found for oxt, tph2, dbh, or cart expression. Overall, our results suggest that small group sizes, particularly isolation, impair feeding behavior and upregulate orexigenic and stress-related gene expression, highlighting the importance of social environment in regulating physiological and behavioral responses in shoaling fish.

虎刺鱼（Puntigrus tetrazona）是典型的浅水鱼，在小群体中会变得有压力和攻击性。为了研究群体大小是否影响摄食，研究人员将鱼分成1、2、4或8组，每个鱼缸分别饲养，并在10天内进行监测。每天评估总体摄食行为、摄食潜伏期和摄食量。在这些条件下10天后，取鱼肠和脑样本进行转录物表达分析。被检测的基因包括食欲调节因子，如神经肽Y-npy、食欲素和黑色素浓缩激素（主要存在于大脑中），以及胆囊收缩素和肠中的胃饥饿素。我们还分析了大脑中与社会行为和压力相关的激素（催产素-oxt、促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子-crf和促甲状腺激素释放激素-trh）以及与合成血清素（色氨酸羟化酶-tph）、多巴胺（酪氨酸羟化酶-th）和肾上腺素（多巴胺-β-羟化酶- dbh）相关的基因的表达。与所有其他组相比，孤立的鱼消耗的食物明显更少，并且表现出更长的觅食延迟。与4组的鱼相比，成对饲养的鱼也表现出摄取量减少和觅食潜伏期延长的现象。在肠道中，与大群鱼相比，分离鱼的ghrelin表达升高，而ccka和cckb的表达没有差异。在大脑中，与4组或8组的鱼相比，单独饲养和成对饲养的鱼的促食神经肽（npy， mch和orexin）的表达更高。在离体鱼中，应激和神经递质相关基因（crf、trh、th和tph1）的表达也显著升高。oxt、tph2、dbh或cart的表达没有明显的组大小效应。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，小群体，特别是隔离，会损害摄食行为，上调氧合和应激相关基因的表达，突出了社会环境在调节鱼群生理和行为反应中的重要性。

{"title":"Group size influences feeding behavior and the expression of appetite, stress, and neurotransmitter-related transcript expression in tiger barb (Puntigrus tetrazona)","authors":"Julianne M.D. King, Helene Volkoff","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tiger barbs (<em>Puntigrus tetrazona)</em> are typical shoaling fish that can become stressed and aggressive when kept in small groups. To examine whether group size affects feeding, fish were housed in groups of 1, 2, 4, or 8 individuals per tank and monitored over a 10-day period. Overall feeding behavior, latency to feed, and the amount of food consumed were assessed daily. After 10 days under these conditions, fish were sampled for intestine and brain for transcript expression analyses. Genes examined included appetite regulators such as neuropeptide Y-<em>npy</em>, <em>orexin</em> and melanin-concentrating hormone-<em>mch</em> in the brain and cholecystokinin-<em>cck</em> and <em>ghrelin</em> in the intestine. We also analyzed brain expression of hormones related to social behavior and stress (oxytocin-<em>oxt</em>, corticotrophin-releasing factor-<em>crf</em> and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-<em>trh</em>) and genes related to the synthesis of serotonin (tryptophan hydroxylase-<em>tph</em>) and dopamine (tyrosine hydroxylase-<em>th</em>) and epinephrine (dopamine-β-hydroxylase- <em>dbh</em>). Isolated fish consumed significantly less food and exhibited longer latency to feed compared to all other groups. Fish housed in pairs also showed reduced intake and longer feeding latency relative to those in groups of 4. In the intestine, <em>ghrelin</em> expression was elevated in isolated fish relative to those in larger groups, while no differences were observed in <em>ccka</em> or <em>cckb</em> expression. In the brain, expression of orexigenic neuropeptides (<em>npy</em>, <em>mch</em>, and <em>orexin</em>) was higher in isolated and pair-housed fish compared to those in groups of 4 or 8. Expression of stress- and neurotransmitter-related genes (<em>crf</em>, <em>trh</em>, <em>th</em>, and <em>tph1</em>) was also significantly elevated in isolated fish. No significant group-size effects were found for <em>oxt</em>, <em>tph2</em>, <em>dbh</em>, or <em>cart</em> expression. Overall, our results suggest that small group sizes, particularly isolation, impair feeding behavior and upregulate orexigenic and stress-related gene expression, highlighting the importance of social environment in regulating physiological and behavioral responses in shoaling fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification and functional characterization of a novel ovarian-specific Kelch domain-containing gene involved in the ecdysteroid signaling pathway of Penaeus monodon 单一对虾卵巢特异性Kelch结构域基因的鉴定和功能表征。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111914

Jakkapong Kluebsoongnoen , Duangrudee Tanramluk , Maryam Jozghorbani , Jutarop Phetcharaburanin , Tomasz J. Sarnowski , Apinunt Udomkit

In crustaceans, vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis is regulated by complex hormonal and molecular networks. This study investigates the role of the ecdysone receptor (PmEcR) in regulating Vg expression and identifies downstream effectors in Penaeus monodon. Silencing of PmEcR using RNA interference resulted in a two-fold increase in Vg expression and a significant rise in the gonadosomatic index (GSI), suggesting PmEcR acts as a suppressor of vitellogenesis.

Through a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique, an uncharacterized LOC 113805388 gene, was identified as being downregulated upon PmEcR silencing. Functional and structural characterization revealed this transcript as an ovarian-specific protein with a β-propeller structure (Kelch-like domain-containing protein; PmKel), suggesting that it belongs to a Kelch-like protein family generally involved in protein-protein interactions in cellular regulation. LC-MS/MS analysis of the ovarian proteome confirmed the presence of the PmKel protein, verifying its expression in the ovary. PmKel expression displayed an inverse pattern to that of Vg during ovarian development, and its knockdown was associated with increased Vg transcript levels, suggesting a possible role in the regulation of Vg gene expression. In addition, a recombinant PmKel protein was produced and used as a bait to identify its partners in ovarian nuclear extract by affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS). The isolated set of interacting proteins highlighted functional enrichment in mRNA and protein metabolic processes involved in developmental pathways. Also, these proteins could interact with a Kelch-like domain predicted on PmKel 3D protein structure by protein network analysis and protein-protein docking. These findings suggest that PmKel is a novel ovarian specific Kelch-containing protein that plays a key role in the vitellogenesis regulatory network via the EcR pathway. Collectively, these results add to the current knowledge of shrimp reproduction and may suggest future direction for improving reproductive performance in aquaculture.

在甲壳类动物中，卵黄蛋白原（Vg）的合成受复杂的激素和分子网络的调控。本研究探讨了蜕皮激素受体（PmEcR）在单对虾（Penaeus monodon）中调控Vg表达的作用，并鉴定了下游效应物。使用RNA干扰沉默PmEcR导致Vg表达增加两倍，性腺指数（gonadosomatic index， GSI）显著升高，表明PmEcR是卵黄形成的抑制因子。通过抑制减法杂交（SSH）技术，鉴定了一个未表征的LOC 113805388基因在PmEcR沉默时被下调。功能和结构表征表明，该转录物为卵巢特异性蛋白，具有β-螺旋桨结构(Kelch-like domain containing protein；这表明它属于kelch样蛋白家族，通常参与细胞调节中的蛋白质相互作用。卵巢蛋白质组的LC-MS/MS分析证实了PmKel蛋白的存在，证实了其在卵巢中的表达。在卵巢发育过程中，PmKel的表达与Vg的表达呈负相关，其敲低与Vg转录物水平升高有关，提示其可能参与了Vg基因表达的调控。此外，制备了重组PmKel蛋白，并利用亲和纯化质谱（AP-MS）作为诱饵，鉴定其在卵巢核提取物中的伴侣。分离的相互作用蛋白组突出了mRNA和参与发育途径的蛋白质代谢过程的功能富集。此外，通过蛋白网络分析和蛋白对接，这些蛋白可以与PmKel 3D蛋白结构中预测的Kelch-like结构域相互作用。这些发现表明PmKel是一种新的卵巢特异性含kelch蛋白，通过EcR途径在卵黄形成调节网络中起关键作用。总的来说，这些结果增加了对虾繁殖的现有知识，并可能为提高水产养殖的繁殖性能提供未来的方向。

{"title":"Identification and functional characterization of a novel ovarian-specific Kelch domain-containing gene involved in the ecdysteroid signaling pathway of Penaeus monodon","authors":"Jakkapong Kluebsoongnoen , Duangrudee Tanramluk , Maryam Jozghorbani , Jutarop Phetcharaburanin , Tomasz J. Sarnowski , Apinunt Udomkit","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In crustaceans, vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis is regulated by complex hormonal and molecular networks. This study investigates the role of the ecdysone receptor (PmEcR) in regulating <em>Vg</em> expression and identifies downstream effectors in <em>Penaeus monodon</em>. Silencing of <em>PmEcR</em> using RNA interference resulted in a two-fold increase in <em>Vg</em> expression and a significant rise in the gonadosomatic index (GSI), suggesting <em>PmEcR</em> acts as a suppressor of vitellogenesis.</div><div>Through a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique, an uncharacterized <em>LOC 113805388</em> gene, was identified as being downregulated upon <em>PmEcR</em> silencing. Functional and structural characterization revealed this transcript as an ovarian-specific protein with a β-propeller structure (Kelch-like domain-containing protein; PmKel), suggesting that it belongs to a Kelch-like protein family generally involved in protein-protein interactions in cellular regulation. LC-MS/MS analysis of the ovarian proteome confirmed the presence of the PmKel protein, verifying its expression in the ovary. <em>PmKel</em> expression displayed an inverse pattern to that of <em>Vg</em> during ovarian development, and its knockdown was associated with increased <em>Vg</em> transcript levels, suggesting a possible role in the regulation of <em>Vg</em> gene expression. In addition, a recombinant PmKel protein was produced and used as a bait to identify its partners in ovarian nuclear extract by affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS). The isolated set of interacting proteins highlighted functional enrichment in mRNA and protein metabolic processes involved in developmental pathways. Also, these proteins could interact with a Kelch-like domain predicted on PmKel 3D protein structure by protein network analysis and protein-protein docking. These findings suggest that PmKel is a novel ovarian specific Kelch-containing protein that plays a key role in the vitellogenesis regulatory network via the EcR pathway. Collectively, these results add to the current knowledge of shrimp reproduction and may suggest future direction for improving reproductive performance in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144769383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing metabolite profiles of wild Swainson's thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) in different moult stages using a veterinary point of care device 使用兽医护理点装置评估野生斯温森画眉（Catharus ustulatus）在不同换羽阶段的代谢物谱。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111912

Elena Tranze-Drabinia , Vanessa Poirier , Barbara Frei , Kyle H. Elliott

Migration and moult are both energetically demanding and have conflicting physiological requirements, therefore usually separated in time. In some species, individuals may interrupt their migration to moult at discrete stopover locations outside of their breeding grounds (i.e., moult-migration) leading to competing physiological demands for moult and migration as protein is needed both for feather regeneration and efficient migration. Here, we examine the plasma metabolite profiles between moulting and post-moulting migrants by using a point-of-care analyzer providing real-time data in the field. Post-moulting birds, who were on shorter migration stopovers, had significantly higher concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, calcium, sodium, phosphorous, and total protein than moulting birds, which is consistent with higher metabolic demands during migration and depletion of protein due to feather regeneration during moult. Additionally, uric acid, creatine kinase, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, and potassium – all indicative of protein catabolism, muscle damage, and dehydration – were higher in lighter birds (below a scaled mass index of 7–7.5) regardless of moult status, which is consistent with lower energy reserves reflecting nutritional stress. Together, these metabolite profiles, measured in situ at a banding station, provide real-time insight into how birds mitigate the physiologically competing demands of moult and migration at a peri-urban stopover.

迁徙和换毛都需要消耗大量的能量，而且生理需求相互冲突，因此通常会在时间上分开。在某些物种中，个体可能会在繁殖地之外的离散中转站（即换羽迁徙）中断换羽的迁徙，导致对换羽和迁徙的生理需求相互竞争，因为羽毛再生和有效迁徙都需要蛋白质。在这里，我们检查换羽和换羽后候鸟之间的血浆代谢物谱，通过使用现场实时数据的即时分析仪。换羽后鸟类的迁徙中途停留时间较短，其天冬氨酸转氨酶、钙、钠、磷和总蛋白的浓度显著高于换羽后鸟类，这与换羽过程中较高的代谢需求和换羽过程中羽毛再生导致的蛋白质耗损是一致的。此外，尿酸、肌酸激酶、总蛋白、天冬氨酸转氨酶和钾——所有这些都表明蛋白质分解代谢、肌肉损伤和脱水——在体重较轻的鸟类（低于7-7.5的比例质量指数）中较高，而与蜕皮状态无关，这与反映营养压力的较低能量储备一致。总之，这些代谢物谱是在一个捆绑站原位测量的，提供了实时的洞察，了解鸟类如何减轻在城市近郊中途停留时换羽和迁徙的生理竞争需求。

{"title":"Assessing metabolite profiles of wild Swainson's thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) in different moult stages using a veterinary point of care device","authors":"Elena Tranze-Drabinia , Vanessa Poirier , Barbara Frei , Kyle H. Elliott","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Migration and moult are both energetically demanding and have conflicting physiological requirements, therefore usually separated in time. In some species, individuals may interrupt their migration to moult at discrete stopover locations outside of their breeding grounds (i.e., moult-migration) leading to competing physiological demands for moult and migration as protein is needed both for feather regeneration and efficient migration. Here, we examine the plasma metabolite profiles between moulting and post-moulting migrants by using a point-of-care analyzer providing real-time data in the field. Post-moulting birds, who were on shorter migration stopovers, had significantly higher concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, calcium, sodium, phosphorous, and total protein than moulting birds, which is consistent with higher metabolic demands during migration and depletion of protein due to feather regeneration during moult. Additionally, uric acid, creatine kinase, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, and potassium – all indicative of protein catabolism, muscle damage, and dehydration – were higher in lighter birds (below a scaled mass index of 7–7.5) regardless of moult status, which is consistent with lower energy reserves reflecting nutritional stress. Together, these metabolite profiles, measured in situ at a banding station, provide real-time insight into how birds mitigate the physiologically competing demands of moult and migration at a peri-urban stopover.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111912"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144755173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bim gene regulation in hypoxic stress response of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala): Mechanisms of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and transcriptional control by c-Ets-2 Bim基因在钝口鲷（Megalobrama amblycephala）缺氧应激反应中的调控：凋亡、氧化应激和c-Ets-2转录调控的机制

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111913

Siyu Ding , Yahui Feng , Loic Kemmadzong Foning , Jie Chen , Guodong Zheng , Shuming Zou

Despite its significant economic value, the blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) is extremely sensitive to hypoxia. Derived from blunt snout bream gill filament cell lines, Megalobrama amblycephala gill (MAG) cells are closely linked to hypoxia, making them suitable for identifying related genes' hypoxia tolerance. This study explores the roles of the Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death gene (Bim) in the gill tissues and MAG cells under hypoxic conditions. Bim expression increased significantly (P < 0.05) after 24 h of hypoxia but decreased following reoxygenation. Overexpression of Bim significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic genes Bax and Caspase 3, while downregulating the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. Conversely, Bim interference exhibited an opposite trend. Hypoxia led to increased apoptosis and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in MAG cells, which was exacerbated by overexpression of Bim. In contrast, Bim interference attenuated apoptosis and prevented the decrease in MMP. ROS levels significantly (P < 0.05) increased under hypoxic conditions, and Bim overexpression further elevated ROS production, whereas Bim interference reduced ROS levels. Antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT) activity decreased after hypoxia, which was exacerbated by Bim overexpression, while Bim interference slowed the decline of enzyme activity. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that the transcription factor c-Ets-2 regulates the expression of Bim by binding to the -GAGGAA site of the Bim promoter. This study highlights Bim's key role in hypoxic stress and offers new insights into the hypoxic adaptation mechanisms of blunt snout bream.

钝口鲷（Megalobrama amblycepphala）尽管具有重要的经济价值，但对缺氧极为敏感。Megalobrama amblycephala gill （MAG）细胞来源于钝口鲷鳃丝细胞系，与缺氧密切相关，适合用于鉴定缺氧耐受相关基因。本研究探讨缺氧条件下细胞死亡基因（Bim）的Bcl-2相互作用介质在鳃组织和MAG细胞中的作用。Bim表达显著升高(P

{"title":"Bim gene regulation in hypoxic stress response of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala): Mechanisms of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and transcriptional control by c-Ets-2","authors":"Siyu Ding , Yahui Feng , Loic Kemmadzong Foning , Jie Chen , Guodong Zheng , Shuming Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite its significant economic value, the blunt snout bream (<em>Megalobrama amblycephala</em>) is extremely sensitive to hypoxia. Derived from blunt snout bream gill filament cell lines, <em>Megalobrama amblycephala</em> gill (MAG) cells are closely linked to hypoxia, making them suitable for identifying related genes' hypoxia tolerance. This study explores the roles of the <em>Bcl-2</em> interacting mediator of cell death gene (<em>Bim</em>) in the gill tissues and MAG cells under hypoxic conditions. <em>Bim</em> expression increased significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.05) after 24 h of hypoxia but decreased following reoxygenation. Overexpression of <em>Bim</em> significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic genes <em>Bax</em> and <em>Caspase 3</em>, while downregulating the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene <em>Bcl-2</em>. Conversely, <em>Bim</em> interference exhibited an opposite trend. Hypoxia led to increased apoptosis and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in MAG cells, which was exacerbated by overexpression of <em>Bim</em>. In contrast, <em>Bim</em> interference attenuated apoptosis and prevented the decrease in MMP. ROS levels significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.05) increased under hypoxic conditions, and <em>Bim</em> overexpression further elevated ROS production, whereas <em>Bim</em> interference reduced ROS levels. Antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT) activity decreased after hypoxia, which was exacerbated by <em>Bim</em> overexpression, while <em>Bim</em> interference slowed the decline of enzyme activity. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that the transcription factor c-Ets-2 regulates the expression of <em>Bim</em> by binding to the -GAGGAA site of the <em>Bim</em> promoter. This study highlights <em>Bim</em>'s key role in hypoxic stress and offers new insights into the hypoxic adaptation mechanisms of blunt snout bream.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111913"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144755186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Short communication: Elevated testosterone correlates with enhanced innate immune function in a cooperatively breeding rodent 短沟通：在合作繁殖的啮齿动物中，睾酮水平升高与先天免疫功能增强有关

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111911

K.M.E. Wallace , S.N. Venter , N.C. Bennett , D.W. Hart

In many vertebrates, elevated testosterone is believed to compromise the immune function, reflecting a trade-off between reproduction and survival. However, such trade-offs may potentially be relaxed in cooperative breeders, where social conflict and sexual selection are reduced. We investigated the relationship between testosterone, cortisol, and innate immunity in captive male Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis), a eusocial rodent with minimal aggression-driven reproductive competition. Using microbial killing assays (MKAs) and white blood cell counts as proxies of immune function, we found that urinary testosterone concentration was positively correlated with immune strength. Males with higher urinary testosterone concentrations exhibited significantly greater antimicrobial capacity and elevated total white blood cell counts. However, urinary testosterone was unrelated to independent immune cell differentials. While, reproductive status, age, body mass, and urinary cortisol concentrations had a limited effect on any immune metric. These findings, while correlative, challenge traditional endocrine-immune trade-off models and infer that, in this species, testosterone may signal condition rather than impose immunosuppressive costs.

在许多脊椎动物中，睾酮水平升高被认为会损害免疫功能，这反映了繁殖和生存之间的权衡。然而，在合作繁殖者中，这种权衡可能会放松，因为社会冲突和性选择减少了。我们研究了圈养雄性达马拉兰鼹鼠（Fukomys damarensis）的睾酮、皮质醇和先天免疫之间的关系。达马拉兰鼹鼠是一种具有最小攻击性驱动的生殖竞争的社会性啮齿动物。利用微生物杀灭试验（mka）和白细胞计数作为免疫功能的代表，我们发现尿睾酮浓度与免疫强度呈正相关。尿中睾酮浓度较高的男性表现出更强的抗菌能力和更高的总白细胞计数。然而，尿睾酮与独立的免疫细胞分化无关。而生殖状态、年龄、体重和尿皮质醇浓度对任何免疫指标的影响有限。这些发现虽然具有相关性，但挑战了传统的内分泌-免疫权衡模型，并推断，在该物种中，睾酮可能是条件信号，而不是施加免疫抑制成本。

{"title":"Short communication: Elevated testosterone correlates with enhanced innate immune function in a cooperatively breeding rodent","authors":"K.M.E. Wallace , S.N. Venter , N.C. Bennett , D.W. Hart","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In many vertebrates, elevated testosterone is believed to compromise the immune function, reflecting a trade-off between reproduction and survival. However, such trade-offs may potentially be relaxed in cooperative breeders, where social conflict and sexual selection are reduced. We investigated the relationship between testosterone, cortisol, and innate immunity in captive male Damaraland mole-rats (<em>Fukomys damarensis</em>), a eusocial rodent with minimal aggression-driven reproductive competition. Using microbial killing assays (MKAs) and white blood cell counts as proxies of immune function, we found that urinary testosterone concentration was positively correlated with immune strength. Males with higher urinary testosterone concentrations exhibited significantly greater antimicrobial capacity and elevated total white blood cell counts. However, urinary testosterone was unrelated to independent immune cell differentials. While, reproductive status, age, body mass, and urinary cortisol concentrations had a limited effect on any immune metric. These findings, while correlative, challenge traditional endocrine-immune trade-off models and infer that, in this species, testosterone may signal condition rather than impose immunosuppressive costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111911"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The development and plasticity of acid excretion mechanisms in early life stage red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus 红姑鱼早期酸排泄机制的发育与可塑性。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111910

Joshua Lonthair , Andrew J. Esbaugh

Ocean acidification (OA) has been shown to affect early life stage fishes in a variety of ways, including reduced survival and growth, and increased tissue damage. Yet, there is also substantial interspecies variability in the sensitivity of early life stage fishes to high CO₂, and it has been theorized that this may relate to the ontogeny of systemic acid-base regulatory pathways; an area that has been surprisingly understudied in obligate marine species. Here, we used an integrative set of approaches to describe the development and plasticity of acid excretion pathways in developing red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), a marine fish native to the Gulf of Mexico. We observed mRNA expression of relevant transporters and ionocytes immediately post-hatch (36 h post-fertilization, hpf) with relatively stable abundance throughout the pre-metamorphic stages. Consistent with work in adults and seawater acclimated euryhaline larvae, we demonstrate strong co-localization of acid excretion proteins within a single epithelial ionocyte cell-type. Measurements of epithelial Δ[H]⁺, an indicator of proton efflux, showed that by 72 hpf larvae had CO₂-responsive EIPA-sensitive acid excretion, confirming the presence of sodium proton exchanger (NHE)-mediated acid excretion. Elevated mRNA expression of nhe2 and nhe3 was induced following exposure to 5500 and 12,000 μatm CO₂, which coincided with the absence of further survival effects relative to lower dose CO₂. Overall, these data confirm that red drum have fully functional epithelial acid excretion pathways in early life, and that plasticity in these pathways may offer survival benefits.

海洋酸化（OA）已被证明会以各种方式影响鱼类的早期生命阶段，包括降低生存和生长，增加组织损伤。然而，在早期生命阶段的鱼类对高CO2的敏感性上也存在大量的物种间差异，理论上这可能与系统酸碱调节途径的个体发生有关；这一领域对专性海洋物种的研究令人惊讶地不足。在这里，我们使用了一套综合的方法来描述发育中的红鼓鱼（Sciaenops ocellatus）的酸排泄途径的发育和可塑性，红鼓鱼是一种原产于墨西哥湾的海鱼。我们观察到相关转运体和离子细胞的mRNA表达在孵化后立即（36 h后受精，hpf），在整个前变质阶段相对稳定的丰度。与在成虫和海水驯化的广盐碱幼虫中的研究结果一致，我们证明了酸排泄蛋白在单一上皮离子细胞类型中具有很强的共定位。对上皮细胞Δ[H]+（质子外排指标）的测量表明，到72岁时，hpf幼虫有二氧化碳响应的eipa敏感酸排泄，证实了钠质子交换剂（NHE）介导的酸排泄的存在。暴露于5500 μatm和12,000 μatm CO2后，诱导nhe2和nhe3 mRNA表达升高，与低剂量CO2相比，没有进一步的生存影响。总的来说，这些数据证实了红桶在生命早期具有完全功能的上皮酸排泄途径，并且这些途径的可塑性可能提供生存益处。

{"title":"The development and plasticity of acid excretion mechanisms in early life stage red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus","authors":"Joshua Lonthair , Andrew J. Esbaugh","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ocean acidification (OA) has been shown to affect early life stage fishes in a variety of ways, including reduced survival and growth, and increased tissue damage. Yet, there is also substantial interspecies variability in the sensitivity of early life stage fishes to high CO<sub>2</sub>, and it has been theorized that this may relate to the ontogeny of systemic acid-base regulatory pathways; an area that has been surprisingly understudied in obligate marine species. Here, we used an integrative set of approaches to describe the development and plasticity of acid excretion pathways in developing red drum (<em>Sciaenops ocellatus</em>), a marine fish native to the Gulf of Mexico. We observed mRNA expression of relevant transporters and ionocytes immediately post-hatch (36 h post-fertilization, hpf) with relatively stable abundance throughout the pre-metamorphic stages. Consistent with work in adults and seawater acclimated euryhaline larvae, we demonstrate strong co-localization of acid excretion proteins within a single epithelial ionocyte cell-type. Measurements of epithelial Δ[H]<sup>+</sup>, an indicator of proton efflux, showed that by 72 hpf larvae had CO<sub>2</sub>-responsive EIPA-sensitive acid excretion, confirming the presence of sodium proton exchanger (NHE)-mediated acid excretion. Elevated mRNA expression of <em>nhe2</em> and <em>nhe3</em> was induced following exposure to 5500 and 12,000 μatm CO<sub>2</sub>, which coincided with the absence of further survival effects relative to lower dose CO<sub>2</sub>. Overall, these data confirm that red drum have fully functional epithelial acid excretion pathways in early life, and that plasticity in these pathways may offer survival benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of heat stress and its mitigation by capsaicin in health status and digestive enzymes in house sparrows (Passer domesticus) 辣椒素对家雀健康状况和消化酶的影响及缓解

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111909

Julia Cacace , Guido Fernández Marinone , Fabricio Damián Cid , Juan Gabriel Chediack

Heatwaves and warm spells occurring worldwide as a result of climate change disrupt the homeostasis of animals, leading to heat stress. Consequently, animals must respond to these alterations in order to ensure their survival. The response involves several physiological changes, such as releasing of glucocorticoids and catecholamines, to restore homeostasis. Due to the lack of knowledge on this subject in wild birds, the objective of the present work was to study the effect of heat stress on body condition and digestive system in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). In addition, since capsaicin is used as additive in poultry to mitigate heat stress and it is a common additive in seeds for house birdfeeders to prevent squirrels from eating their food, the second objective of this study was a possible role of capsaicin as a dietary additive in mitigating heat stress and to check the effect of capsaicin in digestive system. In this work, we measured heterophil/lymphocytes ratio (H/L ratio) as a proxy of stress; body mass, hematocrit, uric acid and digestive enzymes (intestinal and pancreatic) under stress conditions at 32 ± 2 °C and under normal conditions at 22 ± 2 °C. In addition, we evaluated the effect of capsaicin in both situations (heat stress at 32 °C and normal condition 22 °C). We found an increase of H/L ratio under heat stress, and decrease of H/L ratio with capsaicin on animals exposed to heat stress. Although a loss of intestinal mass was observed in animals exposed at 32 °C, digestive enzyme activity does not change under heat stress or under capsaicin administration. Improving knowledge in this field is relevant at the level of animal nutrition and veterinary medicine, while also bearing relevance for wild birds, where it becomes crucial to explore potential mitigation strategies for future global warming scenarios.

由于气候变化，热浪和暖期在世界范围内发生，破坏了动物的体内平衡，导致热应激。因此，动物必须对这些变化作出反应，以确保它们的生存。这种反应包括一些生理变化，如释放糖皮质激素和儿茶酚胺，以恢复体内平衡。由于缺乏对野生鸟类这一问题的认识，本研究的目的是研究热应激对家雀（Passer domesticus）身体状况和消化系统的影响。此外，由于辣椒素被用作家禽的添加剂来缓解热应激，并且它是家鸟饲养者在种子中常见的添加剂，以防止松鼠吃它们的食物，本研究的第二个目标是辣椒素作为膳食添加剂在缓解热应激方面的可能作用，并检查辣椒素在消化系统中的作用。在这项工作中，我们测量了嗜异性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率（H/L比率）作为应激的代表；32±2℃应激条件下和22±2℃正常条件下的体重、红细胞压积、尿酸和消化酶（肠道和胰腺）。此外，我们评估了辣椒素在两种情况下（32°C和22°C正常条件下的热应激）的作用。热应激使H/L比升高，而辣椒素使H/L比降低。虽然在32°C环境下观察到肠道体积的减少，但消化酶活性在热应激或辣椒素处理下没有变化。提高这一领域的知识不仅与动物营养和兽医学有关，也与野生鸟类有关，因为在野生鸟类中，探索针对未来全球变暖情景的潜在缓解战略至关重要。

{"title":"Impacts of heat stress and its mitigation by capsaicin in health status and digestive enzymes in house sparrows (Passer domesticus)","authors":"Julia Cacace , Guido Fernández Marinone , Fabricio Damián Cid , Juan Gabriel Chediack","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heatwaves and warm spells occurring worldwide as a result of climate change disrupt the homeostasis of animals, leading to heat stress. Consequently, animals must respond to these alterations in order to ensure their survival. The response involves several physiological changes, such as releasing of glucocorticoids and catecholamines, to restore homeostasis. Due to the lack of knowledge on this subject in wild birds, the objective of the present work was to study the effect of heat stress on body condition and digestive system in house sparrows (<em>Passer domesticus</em>). In addition, since capsaicin is used as additive in poultry to mitigate heat stress and it is a common additive in seeds for house birdfeeders to prevent squirrels from eating their food, the second objective of this study was a possible role of capsaicin as a dietary additive in mitigating heat stress and to check the effect of capsaicin in digestive system. In this work, we measured heterophil/lymphocytes ratio (H/L ratio) as a proxy of stress; body mass, hematocrit, uric acid and digestive enzymes (intestinal and pancreatic) under stress conditions at 32 ± 2 °C and under normal conditions at 22 ± 2 °C. In addition, we evaluated the effect of capsaicin in both situations (heat stress at 32 °C and normal condition 22 °C). We found an increase of H/L ratio under heat stress, and decrease of H/L ratio with capsaicin on animals exposed to heat stress. Although a loss of intestinal mass was observed in animals exposed at 32 °C, digestive enzyme activity does not change under heat stress or under capsaicin administration. Improving knowledge in this field is relevant at the level of animal nutrition and veterinary medicine, while also bearing relevance for wild birds, where it becomes crucial to explore potential mitigation strategies for future global warming scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0