Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/200
A. Abu Hammad
Climate change is a worldwide problem that is facing the globe in different aspects. To investigate this phenomenon, research has been conducted to check whether climate change is affecting the western part of Jerusalem Governorate or not. Long-term data on annual, seasonal and monthly rainfall were collected from different sources and analyzed for long-term monthly and annual trends. Results showed significant (p< 0.05) decrease in the annual rainfall, with about 7.3 mm decadal reduction during 1850-2018. The highest and significant decrease in decadal rainfall occurred during 1890-1939 and 1980-2018, with a decadal decrease of 50.9 mm and 55.9 mm, respectively. The decrease corresponds to 84 mm reduction in annual rainfall since 1850, which could be attributed to the extended effect of the GHG from the industrial revolution on Palestine since the beginning of the 20th century. A significant and increasing trend in drought periods was also obvious, with 1.7 years of drought/ decade and an increasing drought recurrence during 1920-1930 and 1998-2018 periods (69% of the drought years occurred in the two periods). Winter season showed highest and significant reduction in rainfall than spring season (1.7 mm/decade and 0.7 mm/decade, respectively), whereas autumn season showed a non-significant decadal decrease in rainfall of about 0.04 mm/decade. The reduction in rainfall and the recurrence of more drought periods, especially the last 20 years, might be the cause for the concurrent reduction in rainfed agricultural areas in Palestine; about 38% reduction in the total rainfed areas (1515 km2 in 2000 to 929 km2 in 2017/2018).
{"title":"RAINFALL TRENDS AS AN INDICATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE SINCE THE 19TH CENTURY IN THE PALESTINIAN CENTRAL MOUNTAINS: JERUSALEM GOVERNORATE AS A CASE STUDY","authors":"A. Abu Hammad","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/200","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is a worldwide problem that is facing the globe in different aspects. To investigate this phenomenon, research has been conducted to check whether climate change is affecting the western part of Jerusalem Governorate or not. Long-term data on annual, seasonal and monthly rainfall were collected from different sources and analyzed for long-term monthly and annual trends. Results showed significant (p< 0.05) decrease in the annual rainfall, with about 7.3 mm decadal reduction during 1850-2018. The highest and significant decrease in decadal rainfall occurred during 1890-1939 and 1980-2018, with a decadal decrease of 50.9 mm and 55.9 mm, respectively. The decrease corresponds to 84 mm reduction in annual rainfall since 1850, which could be attributed to the extended effect of the GHG from the industrial revolution on Palestine since the beginning of the 20th century. A significant and increasing trend in drought periods was also obvious, with 1.7 years of drought/ decade and an increasing drought recurrence during 1920-1930 and 1998-2018 periods (69% of the drought years occurred in the two periods). Winter season showed highest and significant reduction in rainfall than spring season (1.7 mm/decade and 0.7 mm/decade, respectively), whereas autumn season showed a non-significant decadal decrease in rainfall of about 0.04 mm/decade. The reduction in rainfall and the recurrence of more drought periods, especially the last 20 years, might be the cause for the concurrent reduction in rainfed agricultural areas in Palestine; about 38% reduction in the total rainfed areas (1515 km2 in 2000 to 929 km2 in 2017/2018).","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47843811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/205
G. Maria, C. Banciu, Mihnea Vladimirescu, I. Paica, Anca Manole
This study presents micro-morphological characters and anatomical modifications detected in black pine needles collected from urban polluted areas in order to propose new biomarkers useful in air pollution biomonitoring. The plant samples were collected during the July 2021 from 10 different polluted sites from Bucharest and analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy. When compared with the samples collected from less polluted sites, needle micromorphology and structure have showed significant alterations such as injured stomatal complex, eroded forms of tubular wax type and complete degradation of wax crystalline structure, raised peristomatal areas, early wax plugs perforations and abnormal epidermal teeth. The loads of heavy metal of samples were assessed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and the results showed a positive correlation between structural alteration incidence and needle heavy metal surface depositions.
{"title":"STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS IN BLACK PINE NEEDLES AS POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION","authors":"G. Maria, C. Banciu, Mihnea Vladimirescu, I. Paica, Anca Manole","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/205","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents micro-morphological characters and anatomical modifications detected in black pine needles collected from urban polluted areas in order to propose new biomarkers useful in air pollution biomonitoring. The plant samples were collected during the July 2021 from 10 different polluted sites from Bucharest and analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy. When compared with the samples collected from less polluted sites, needle micromorphology and structure have showed significant alterations such as injured stomatal complex, eroded forms of tubular wax type and complete degradation of wax crystalline structure, raised peristomatal areas, early wax plugs perforations and abnormal epidermal teeth. The loads of heavy metal of samples were assessed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and the results showed a positive correlation between structural alteration incidence and needle heavy metal surface depositions.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46127244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/198
V. Sönmez, Nevra Ercan, N. Sivri
This study aims to determine toxic effects of polyester-based polymers (polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)) depending on physiological change in life cycle of Daphnia magna Straus (1820) (Cladocera, Crustacea). As a result of acute toxicity test, it was observed that although the rates of immobilized/dead organisms were low, damage started occurring in organisms. According to the results of 72th, the median effective concentration (EC50) values of PC, PET and PBT were determined as 2.604 mg L-1, 4.694 mg L-1 and >100 mg L-1, respectively. In consequence of chronic toxicity test, in the experiment set in which the water where daphnids were cultivated was used, it was observed that there was a high rate of deformation on daphnids which were exposed to ester-based polymers. The possible effect of polyester-based polymers on the daphnids deformation might be consequence of reaction between urea and ester groups of PC, PET, and PBT. Especially in the sets where microalgae existed and the natural conditions were simulated, it was determined that the toxicity response of daphnids varied in accordance with different microplastic types in terms of their chemical structure.
{"title":"TOXIC EFFECTS OF ESTER BASED POLYMERS ON DAPHNIA MAGNA: A LABORATORY MICROCOSM STUDY","authors":"V. Sönmez, Nevra Ercan, N. Sivri","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/198","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine toxic effects of polyester-based polymers (polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)) depending on physiological change in life cycle of Daphnia magna Straus (1820) (Cladocera, Crustacea). As a result of acute toxicity test, it was observed that although the rates of immobilized/dead organisms were low, damage started occurring in organisms. According to the results of 72th, the median effective concentration (EC50) values of PC, PET and PBT were determined as 2.604 mg L-1, 4.694 mg L-1 and >100 mg L-1, respectively. In consequence of chronic toxicity test, in the experiment set in which the water where daphnids were cultivated was used, it was observed that there was a high rate of deformation on daphnids which were exposed to ester-based polymers. The possible effect of polyester-based polymers on the daphnids deformation might be consequence of reaction between urea and ester groups of PC, PET, and PBT. Especially in the sets where microalgae existed and the natural conditions were simulated, it was determined that the toxicity response of daphnids varied in accordance with different microplastic types in terms of their chemical structure.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44500155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/199
C. Paltineanu, S. Dumitru, A. Lăcătușu
Pollution can occur in any environment, but the way the pollutants spread over depends on the environmental features. Some pollutants remain more or less confined to the contamination site, others do not. This paper proposes a territory zoning showing lands susceptibility for possible groundwater pollution through leaching in Romania, if pollution occurs. The method uses a GIS technique and takes into account soil permeability and texture, relief type, depth to groundwater and climatic water deficit. Six land susceptibility classes were obtained for the whole territory. The highest vulnerability to groundwater pollution was assessed for the most permeable sandy soils, or near - river soils, whereas the most resilient environment was assessed for the low permeable clayey soils. This land classification is aimed at drawing attention to stakeholders in order to rank and take the most appropriate measures to prevent and control pollution, if occurring. The regions that are most vulnerable to pollution should be managed with more care than the most resilient regions. If global warming continues, more severe rainfall events are expected to happen, thus enhancing the leaching of pollutants toward groundwater, specifically for the most vulnerable classes.
{"title":"ASSESSING LAND SUSCEPTIBILITY FOR POSSIBLE GROUNDWATER POLLUTION DUE TO LEACHING – A CASE STUDY ON ROMANIA","authors":"C. Paltineanu, S. Dumitru, A. Lăcătușu","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/199","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution can occur in any environment, but the way the pollutants spread over depends on the environmental features. Some pollutants remain more or less confined to the contamination site, others do not. This paper proposes a territory zoning showing lands susceptibility for possible groundwater pollution through leaching in Romania, if pollution occurs. The method uses a GIS technique and takes into account soil permeability and texture, relief type, depth to groundwater and climatic water deficit. Six land susceptibility classes were obtained for the whole territory. The highest vulnerability to groundwater pollution was assessed for the most permeable sandy soils, or near - river soils, whereas the most resilient environment was assessed for the low permeable clayey soils. This land classification is aimed at drawing attention to stakeholders in order to rank and take the most appropriate measures to prevent and control pollution, if occurring. The regions that are most vulnerable to pollution should be managed with more care than the most resilient regions. If global warming continues, more severe rainfall events are expected to happen, thus enhancing the leaching of pollutants toward groundwater, specifically for the most vulnerable classes.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42693277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/207
A. Henaish, S. Kharbish, S. Zamzam
The Cairo-Suez Province (CSP) is one of the highly deformed settings in northern Egypt that includes a complex structures and drainage network. The scope of this paper is to present the results of investigation as how far can geological structures control and/or affect the distribution of drainage networks based on insights from several selected sites along CSP. High resolution satellite images are used with field extracted structural data in order to clarify the structural setting of the studies areas. Moreover, hill shaded digital elevation maps (DEMs) are set up for the studied sites in order to compare the structural features with the resulted structural maps. Additionally, GIS based tools are used for extracting drainage network from DEMs. Trend analysis is used for comparing the drainage network to the main resulted structural elements. As a result, nine different structural models are suggested to control the drainage pattern along CSP. These models are placed under main three structural categories which are; simple fault(s), linked faults and fault-related folds. Additionally, the resulted structural models show main controls on sedimentation as well as groundwater accumulation. The findings of the research are helpful as preliminary step for groundwater studies, sedimentation, and geo-hazard assessment.
{"title":"STRUCTURAL CONTROLS ON DRAINAGE PATTERN USING INTEGRATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND STRUCTURAL DATA: INSIGHTS FROM CAIRO-SUEZ PROVINCE, EGYPT","authors":"A. Henaish, S. Kharbish, S. Zamzam","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/207","url":null,"abstract":"The Cairo-Suez Province (CSP) is one of the highly deformed settings in northern Egypt that includes a complex structures and drainage network. The scope of this paper is to present the results of investigation as how far can geological structures control and/or affect the distribution of drainage networks based on insights from several selected sites along CSP. High resolution satellite images are used with field extracted structural data in order to clarify the structural setting of the studies areas. Moreover, hill shaded digital elevation maps (DEMs) are set up for the studied sites in order to compare the structural features with the resulted structural maps. Additionally, GIS based tools are used for extracting drainage network from DEMs. Trend analysis is used for comparing the drainage network to the main resulted structural elements. As a result, nine different structural models are suggested to control the drainage pattern along CSP. These models are placed under main three structural categories which are; simple fault(s), linked faults and fault-related folds. Additionally, the resulted structural models show main controls on sedimentation as well as groundwater accumulation. The findings of the research are helpful as preliminary step for groundwater studies, sedimentation, and geo-hazard assessment.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43672112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/196
Jin Wang, Lu Zhou, Baozhen Zhang, C. Gao
For a better understanding of the origin of Early Cambrian dolomites in the Sichuan Basin, which serve as valuable oil and gas reservoirs, we present and interpret complex multiparameter petrographic and geochemical analyses of dolomites in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation at the Yangsiqiao section. Our data show that these dolomites mainly occur in the middle and upper parts of the Longwangmiao Formation, and we identify two types of dolomites: micrite and fine-medium crystalline dolomites. The micritic dolomites, occasionally coupled with quartz and mica minerals, show dirty crystal surfaces, nonautogenous crystal shapes, and dark cathodoluminescence and mainly occur in pure micrite and granular dolostones, which retain the original sedimentary texture. Contrarily the fine-medium crystalline dolomites, mainly developed in crystalline and grain dolostones and generally coupled with residual calcites and altered sedimentary textures, have a dark heart-bright boundary texture under a polarized microscope and occasional zonal texture under cathode luminescence. Furthermore, the micritic dolomites have CaO and MgO contents approximately similar to those of the ideal stoichiometric dolomite, relatively high Sr concentration, Σ rare-earth element (REE) +Y concentrations, and δ13C and δ18O values located in the corresponding range of dolomite deposited from Early Cambrian marine water. However, light-REE enrichment (LREE), heavy-REE (HREE) depletion patterns, and high Al2O3 and SiO2 contents distinguish these micritic dolomites from typical marine carbonate deposits. Notably, the fine-medium crystalline dolomites have higher CaO content and lower MgO, Al2O3 and SiO2 contents, lower Sr and higher Fe and Mn concentrations than those of micritic dolomites. The ΣREE+Y concentrations and REE patterns of these fine-medium crystalline dolomites belong to the typical marine carbonate deposits. These features indicate considerable differences in origins between micrite and fine-medium crystalline dolomites. The micritic dolomites show a significant genetic response to the precipitation of seawater in shallow marine with the injection of terrestrial water during the syngenetic period, while the fine-medium crystalline dolomites have a typical response to the secondary metasomatism products of original calcites at the shallow burial stage.
{"title":"INSIGHTS INTO THE ORIGIN OF SHALLOW MARINE DOLOSTONES, LONGWANGMIAO FORMATION (LOWER CAMBRIAN), NORTHEAST SICHUAN BASIN, CHINA: PETROGRAPHIC AND GEOCHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS","authors":"Jin Wang, Lu Zhou, Baozhen Zhang, C. Gao","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/196","url":null,"abstract":"For a better understanding of the origin of Early Cambrian dolomites in the Sichuan Basin, which serve as valuable oil and gas reservoirs, we present and interpret complex multiparameter petrographic and geochemical analyses of dolomites in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation at the Yangsiqiao section. Our data show that these dolomites mainly occur in the middle and upper parts of the Longwangmiao Formation, and we identify two types of dolomites: micrite and fine-medium crystalline dolomites. The micritic dolomites, occasionally coupled with quartz and mica minerals, show dirty crystal surfaces, nonautogenous crystal shapes, and dark cathodoluminescence and mainly occur in pure micrite and granular dolostones, which retain the original sedimentary texture. Contrarily the fine-medium crystalline dolomites, mainly developed in crystalline and grain dolostones and generally coupled with residual calcites and altered sedimentary textures, have a dark heart-bright boundary texture under a polarized microscope and occasional zonal texture under cathode luminescence. Furthermore, the micritic dolomites have CaO and MgO contents approximately similar to those of the ideal stoichiometric dolomite, relatively high Sr concentration, Σ rare-earth element (REE) +Y concentrations, and δ13C and δ18O values located in the corresponding range of dolomite deposited from Early Cambrian marine water. However, light-REE enrichment (LREE), heavy-REE (HREE) depletion patterns, and high Al2O3 and SiO2 contents distinguish these micritic dolomites from typical marine carbonate deposits. Notably, the fine-medium crystalline dolomites have higher CaO content and lower MgO, Al2O3 and SiO2 contents, lower Sr and higher Fe and Mn concentrations than those of micritic dolomites. The ΣREE+Y concentrations and REE patterns of these fine-medium crystalline dolomites belong to the typical marine carbonate deposits. These features indicate considerable differences in origins between micrite and fine-medium crystalline dolomites. The micritic dolomites show a significant genetic response to the precipitation of seawater in shallow marine with the injection of terrestrial water during the syngenetic period, while the fine-medium crystalline dolomites have a typical response to the secondary metasomatism products of original calcites at the shallow burial stage.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48795954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/197
Omar BELLIDO VALENCIA, Juan José Alca, María de los Ángeles NÚÑEZ ALBERCA
The concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Hg, Pb, Zn) and arsenic was determined in water, soil and alfalfa samples in three sites (Congata, Uchumayo and Vitor) located along the Quilca - Vitor - Chili River, near the city of Arequipa, Peru. The content of these elements was also analysed in samples of alfalfa at different times of being planted (1 to 3 months) in Congata. Alfalfa planted in three other locations (Quiscos, Yarabamba and La Joya) upstream and downstream of the first three was also analysed. To determine the concentration of heavy metals in sheep, measurements were made on liver and kidney samples from animals farmed in the first three sites. The concentration of metals and arsenic in the water samples was lower than the Peruvian environmental quality standards, except for Hg in Vitor (0.0001 mg L-1). The Cd content in the soil at all three sites (62.01 - 381.94 mg kg-1) was well above the EQS for agricultural, commercial or industrial soils. The Cd content in the alfalfa samples grown in the same soils was higher than that observed in the samples from Quiscos, Yarabamba and La Joya. The estimated daily intake values (EDI) for metals detected in sheep kidneys and liver (Fe, Cu, Zn) were below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intakes (PMTDI) for children and adults, while the target hazard quotient (THQ) and total THQ of these elements were less than 1, indicating that their consumption would not have an adverse health effect.
{"title":"INCIDENCE OF HEAVY METALS IN WATER, SOIL, ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.) AND SHEEP (OVIS ARIES L.) ALONG THE QUILCA - VITOR - CHILI BASIN IN AREQUIPA, PERU","authors":"Omar BELLIDO VALENCIA, Juan José Alca, María de los Ángeles NÚÑEZ ALBERCA","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/197","url":null,"abstract":"The concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Hg, Pb, Zn) and arsenic was determined in water, soil and alfalfa samples in three sites (Congata, Uchumayo and Vitor) located along the Quilca - Vitor - Chili River, near the city of Arequipa, Peru. The content of these elements was also analysed in samples of alfalfa at different times of being planted (1 to 3 months) in Congata. Alfalfa planted in three other locations (Quiscos, Yarabamba and La Joya) upstream and downstream of the first three was also analysed. To determine the concentration of heavy metals in sheep, measurements were made on liver and kidney samples from animals farmed in the first three sites. The concentration of metals and arsenic in the water samples was lower than the Peruvian environmental quality standards, except for Hg in Vitor (0.0001 mg L-1). The Cd content in the soil at all three sites (62.01 - 381.94 mg kg-1) was well above the EQS for agricultural, commercial or industrial soils. The Cd content in the alfalfa samples grown in the same soils was higher than that observed in the samples from Quiscos, Yarabamba and La Joya. The estimated daily intake values (EDI) for metals detected in sheep kidneys and liver (Fe, Cu, Zn) were below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intakes (PMTDI) for children and adults, while the target hazard quotient (THQ) and total THQ of these elements were less than 1, indicating that their consumption would not have an adverse health effect.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41450134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/210
Sergiu Drăgușanu, C. Tămaș, B. Cauuet
New geological data on the Orlea mining field, Roșia Montană ore deposit, Romania were obtained by fieldwork carried out in the underground level +730 m, where three types of mineralized structures hosted by the Vent Breccia formation were studied, i.e., (i) flatly dipping vein with rhodochrosite gangue, (ii) steeply dipping tectonic breccia dyke, and (iii) steeply dipping base metal vein, respectively. The Vent Breccia is a polymictic matrix-supported breccia with sedimentary (clay, sandstone), volcanic (dacite), and metamorphic (quartzite, garnet micaschist) clasts. Four types of hydrothermal alterations were identified, i.e., (i) K-metasomatosis (adularia I); (ii) phyllic alteration (sericite); (iii) silicification; and (iv) potassic alteration (adularia II). The ore mineral assemblage consists of electrum, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, and minor arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite. The higher-grade ore body is the intermediate-sulfidation flatly dipping vein with rhodochrosite gangue grading up to 101g/t Au. The tectonic breccia dyke is a low-sulfidation ore body illustrating the evolution from early banded vein structure to late/final open-space clast supported tectonic breccia dyke.
通过对罗马尼亚Orlea矿区Roșia蒙塔尼矿+730 m地下层的野外考察，获得了新的地质资料，研究了3种由喷口角砾岩组赋有的矿化构造类型，即:(1)斜斜菱锰矿脉石平倾脉、(2)陡倾构造角砾岩脉、(3)陡倾贱金属脉。通风口角砾岩是一种由沉积(粘土、砂岩)、火山(英安岩)和变质(石英岩、石榴石云母岩)碎屑组成的多晶基质支撑角砾岩。确定了四种类型的热液变化，即(i) k -交代(adularia i);(ii)层状蚀变(绢云母);(3)硅化作用;矿石矿物组合包括银、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿以及少量毒砂和磁黄铁矿。品位较高的矿体为中硫化扁倾矿脉，菱铁矿脉石品位达101g/t Au。构造角砾岩脉是一个低硫化矿体，体现了从早期的条带状脉状构造到晚期的露天碎屑支撑构造角砾岩脉的演化过程。
{"title":"NEW GEOLOGICAL DATA ON ORLEA MINING FIELD, ROŞIA MONTANĂ AU-AG EPITHERMAL DEPOSIT, APUSENI MOUNTAINS, ROMANIA","authors":"Sergiu Drăgușanu, C. Tămaș, B. Cauuet","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/210","url":null,"abstract":"New geological data on the Orlea mining field, Roșia Montană ore deposit, Romania were obtained by fieldwork carried out in the underground level +730 m, where three types of mineralized structures hosted by the Vent Breccia formation were studied, i.e., (i) flatly dipping vein with rhodochrosite gangue, (ii) steeply dipping tectonic breccia dyke, and (iii) steeply dipping base metal vein, respectively. The Vent Breccia is a polymictic matrix-supported breccia with sedimentary (clay, sandstone), volcanic (dacite), and metamorphic (quartzite, garnet micaschist) clasts. Four types of hydrothermal alterations were identified, i.e., (i) K-metasomatosis (adularia I); (ii) phyllic alteration (sericite); (iii) silicification; and (iv) potassic alteration (adularia II). The ore mineral assemblage consists of electrum, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, and minor arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite. The higher-grade ore body is the intermediate-sulfidation flatly dipping vein with rhodochrosite gangue grading up to 101g/t Au. The tectonic breccia dyke is a low-sulfidation ore body illustrating the evolution from early banded vein structure to late/final open-space clast supported tectonic breccia dyke.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44786009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/206
Mine Tulin Zateroglu
The monthly air quality index (AQI) derived from ground observation stations that obtained daily air pollutants information for 1990- through 2010 was analyzed in this study. AQI was evaluated using the common comparative index method presented by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and a statistically based approach was used for predicting the AQI value. With the first method, AQI was predicted using the USEPA subindex formula for different pollutants, such as particulate matter and sulfur dioxide, which contribute the most to air pollution. A combination of the principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) methods were used with the measured values of climate variables obtained from the ground stations for the most effective contributors and a prediction was modelled. The results of these two methods were compared and evaluated for consistency. Two methods were presented for determining the AQI value. According to the findings, the common comparative index method was consistent with the statistical prediction models, and the best results were obtained using PCA models with varimax rotation.
{"title":"MODELLING THE AIR QUALITY INDEX FOR BOLU, TURKEY","authors":"Mine Tulin Zateroglu","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/206","url":null,"abstract":"The monthly air quality index (AQI) derived from ground observation stations that obtained daily air pollutants information for 1990- through 2010 was analyzed in this study. AQI was evaluated using the common comparative index method presented by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and a statistically based approach was used for predicting the AQI value. With the first method, AQI was predicted using the USEPA subindex formula for different pollutants, such as particulate matter and sulfur dioxide, which contribute the most to air pollution. A combination of the principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) methods were used with the measured values of climate variables obtained from the ground stations for the most effective contributors and a prediction was modelled. The results of these two methods were compared and evaluated for consistency. Two methods were presented for determining the AQI value. According to the findings, the common comparative index method was consistent with the statistical prediction models, and the best results were obtained using PCA models with varimax rotation.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43490316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/208
P. Andras, Pavol Midula, Ján Grofčík, M. Drímal, V. Dirner, M. Rusko, J. Dadová, Ingrid Turisová
The aim of the presented article was to determine the Hg content in the fruiting bodies of 13 generally consumed mushroom species (Boletus reticulatus, Clitocybe nebularis, Lactarius deliciosus, Macrolepiota procera, Russula spp., Suillus grevillei, Tricholoma spp.) growing at the area of abandoned mercury deposit Malachov. The Hg concentrations were analyzed by thermal decomposition-gold amalgamation atomic absorption spectroscopy, using AMA-254 Advanced Mercury Analyzer. The Hg concentrations in soil varied widely (ranging from 0.01 to 2.44mg·kg-1), furthermore, they were particularly depended on the mushroom species. The fruiting bodies of Russula ochroleuca contained the highest concentrations of Hg (up to 16.69mg·kg-1). The lowest concentrations were detected in Russula aeruginea (from 0.04 to 0.06 in stipe stems and from 0.05 to 0.06mg·kg-1 in pileus) and in Russula vesca (0.05 in stipe stems; 0.09mg·kg-1 in pileus). Mercury is preferentially accumulated in the mushroom pileus (ranging from 0.05 in Russula vesca to 16.69mg·kg-1 in Russula ochroleuca). The bioconcentration factor was calculated for the rate of the Hg content in soil substrate vs. its concentration in the mushroom pileus (ranging from 0.03 to 29.22). The results indicate that some investigated mushroom species can be referred as Hg excluders (e.g. Russula vesca) whereas some other species as accumulators (e.g. Russula ochroleuca or Tricholoma portentosum). The obtained results were compared with the Government Decrees of Slovak Republic, showing that the substantial part of the studied mushroom species exceed the legal tolerance limit (0.25 mg kg-1) suggested for Hg in plant food and therefore they can be considered as inappropriate for human consumption.
{"title":"MERCURY ACCUMULATION IN WILD MUSHROOMS AT ABANDONED Hg-DEPOSIT MALACHOV (SLOVAKIA)","authors":"P. Andras, Pavol Midula, Ján Grofčík, M. Drímal, V. Dirner, M. Rusko, J. Dadová, Ingrid Turisová","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/208","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the presented article was to determine the Hg content in the fruiting bodies of 13 generally consumed mushroom species (Boletus reticulatus, Clitocybe nebularis, Lactarius deliciosus, Macrolepiota procera, Russula spp., Suillus grevillei, Tricholoma spp.) growing at the area of abandoned mercury deposit Malachov. The Hg concentrations were analyzed by thermal decomposition-gold amalgamation atomic absorption spectroscopy, using AMA-254 Advanced Mercury Analyzer. The Hg concentrations in soil varied widely (ranging from 0.01 to 2.44mg·kg-1), furthermore, they were particularly depended on the mushroom species. The fruiting bodies of Russula ochroleuca contained the highest concentrations of Hg (up to 16.69mg·kg-1). The lowest concentrations were detected in Russula aeruginea (from 0.04 to 0.06 in stipe stems and from 0.05 to 0.06mg·kg-1 in pileus) and in Russula vesca (0.05 in stipe stems; 0.09mg·kg-1 in pileus). Mercury is preferentially accumulated in the mushroom pileus (ranging from 0.05 in Russula vesca to 16.69mg·kg-1 in Russula ochroleuca). The bioconcentration factor was calculated for the rate of the Hg content in soil substrate vs. its concentration in the mushroom pileus (ranging from 0.03 to 29.22). The results indicate that some investigated mushroom species can be referred as Hg excluders (e.g. Russula vesca) whereas some other species as accumulators (e.g. Russula ochroleuca or Tricholoma portentosum). The obtained results were compared with the Government Decrees of Slovak Republic, showing that the substantial part of the studied mushroom species exceed the legal tolerance limit (0.25 mg kg-1) suggested for Hg in plant food and therefore they can be considered as inappropriate for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46485061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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