Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/213
Ying Ren, C. Gao, D. Zhong, Kesai Liu, Yilin Deng, Quanwei Lin, Qianqian Zhao, Xudong Zhang, Z. Zheng
The Ediacaran Dengying Formation dolostones were the crucial carrier of the co-evolution between the biota and environment before the Cambrian Explosion and the solid mineral and petroleum resources. Based on the petrological and mineralogical analyses, the Dengying Formation at the Liaojiacao Section consists of micritic, fine-crystalline and medium-crystalline dolostones and algal-bonded or algal-clastic dolostones. Moreover, the micritic and algal-bonded dolostones mostly retain the original sedimentary structure with widespread microbial mats, algal spots, algal traces, and other microbial fossils. Recrystallization, dissolution, and other diagenetic alterations occurred in the fine-crystalline and medium-crystalline dolostones as well as algal-clastic dolostones, and their original sedimentary structures had been significantly altered. Furthermore, in situ geochemical analysis shows that the micritic and algal-bonded dolostones of the Dengying Formation, which retain the original sedimentary structure, have Mg/Ca ratios close to the ideal primary dolomite; Na, Fe, Mn, and Sr concentrations located in the distribution range of calcites and dolomites formed in a normal marine environment, negative Ce anomaies and positive Eu anomaies with the patterns of light rare earth element depletion and medium and heavy rare earth element enrichment. In addition, the whole-rock stable isotopic analyses show that the δ13Cdol values of dolostones that retain the original sedimentary structure are consistent with the distribution range of the original marine carbonate rocks, but the δ18Odol values are slightly lower than those of the original marine carbonate rocks. Therefore, we infer that the dolostones of the Dengying Formation at the Liaojiacao Section with original sedimentary structure are the products of mimetic dolomitization and formed in an environment with extensive microbial activity, calcite as the preexisting mineral, normal salinity, and oxidized seawater as the dolomitization fluid. Moreover, the fine- and medium-crystalline dolostones were the results of recrystallization that retained the original sedimentary structures during diagenesis.
{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS AND ORIGIN OF THE DOLOSTONES OF THE EDIACARAN DENGYING FORMATION IN THE EASTERN SICHUAN BASIN, SOUTH CHINA","authors":"Ying Ren, C. Gao, D. Zhong, Kesai Liu, Yilin Deng, Quanwei Lin, Qianqian Zhao, Xudong Zhang, Z. Zheng","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/213","url":null,"abstract":"The Ediacaran Dengying Formation dolostones were the crucial carrier of the co-evolution between the biota and environment before the Cambrian Explosion and the solid mineral and petroleum resources. Based on the petrological and mineralogical analyses, the Dengying Formation at the Liaojiacao Section consists of micritic, fine-crystalline and medium-crystalline dolostones and algal-bonded or algal-clastic dolostones. Moreover, the micritic and algal-bonded dolostones mostly retain the original sedimentary structure with widespread microbial mats, algal spots, algal traces, and other microbial fossils. Recrystallization, dissolution, and other diagenetic alterations occurred in the fine-crystalline and medium-crystalline dolostones as well as algal-clastic dolostones, and their original sedimentary structures had been significantly altered. Furthermore, in situ geochemical analysis shows that the micritic and algal-bonded dolostones of the Dengying Formation, which retain the original sedimentary structure, have Mg/Ca ratios close to the ideal primary dolomite; Na, Fe, Mn, and Sr concentrations located in the distribution range of calcites and dolomites formed in a normal marine environment, negative Ce anomaies and positive Eu anomaies with the patterns of light rare earth element depletion and medium and heavy rare earth element enrichment. In addition, the whole-rock stable isotopic analyses show that the δ13Cdol values of dolostones that retain the original sedimentary structure are consistent with the distribution range of the original marine carbonate rocks, but the δ18Odol values are slightly lower than those of the original marine carbonate rocks. Therefore, we infer that the dolostones of the Dengying Formation at the Liaojiacao Section with original sedimentary structure are the products of mimetic dolomitization and formed in an environment with extensive microbial activity, calcite as the preexisting mineral, normal salinity, and oxidized seawater as the dolomitization fluid. Moreover, the fine- and medium-crystalline dolostones were the results of recrystallization that retained the original sedimentary structures during diagenesis.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42175452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/212
Zainab Tariq, M. Irfan, Abdul Qadir
Plastic pollution is becoming a serious environmental concern because of extensive plastic use worldwide. Before being dumped into the marine environment, these anthropogenic polymers also af-fect freshwater ecosystems. Although extensive research has been done to evaluate the level and distri-bution of these anthropogenic polymers but the effect of physical structures like barrages has never been accounted so far. This study is the first of its kind to highlight the role of river barrages in determining the distribution of microplastics (MPs) and affecting their ingestion among different fish species. This study was conducted on Balloki Barrage located on Ravi River, receiving sewage water from different populous cities of Pakistan including Lahore and Sheikhupura. Water (n=6), sediment (n=6) and fish (n=28) sam-ples were collected from both the upstream and downstream of the barrages to establish the relationship between MPs ingestion, fish feeding habit and the pollution level in environmental matrices. On the other hand, the relative abundance of fibers in all the fish species was 57% followed by sheets 34% and fragments 8%. Omnivore fish species were found to have more MPs than herbivores and carnivores irrespective of their size and weight. This study proved that the barrages serve an important function in determining the MPs distribution and their consequent ingestion in fish. A proper consideration must be given to the effects of these structures when evaluating plastic pollution in any riverine body.
{"title":"BARRAGES INFLUENCING MICROPLASTICS DISTRIBUTION AND IN-GESTION; A CASE STUDY","authors":"Zainab Tariq, M. Irfan, Abdul Qadir","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/212","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic pollution is becoming a serious environmental concern because of extensive plastic use worldwide. Before being dumped into the marine environment, these anthropogenic polymers also af-fect freshwater ecosystems. Although extensive research has been done to evaluate the level and distri-bution of these anthropogenic polymers but the effect of physical structures like barrages has never been accounted so far. This study is the first of its kind to highlight the role of river barrages in determining the distribution of microplastics (MPs) and affecting their ingestion among different fish species. This study was conducted on Balloki Barrage located on Ravi River, receiving sewage water from different populous cities of Pakistan including Lahore and Sheikhupura. Water (n=6), sediment (n=6) and fish (n=28) sam-ples were collected from both the upstream and downstream of the barrages to establish the relationship between MPs ingestion, fish feeding habit and the pollution level in environmental matrices. On the other hand, the relative abundance of fibers in all the fish species was 57% followed by sheets 34% and fragments 8%. Omnivore fish species were found to have more MPs than herbivores and carnivores irrespective of their size and weight. This study proved that the barrages serve an important function in determining the MPs distribution and their consequent ingestion in fish. A proper consideration must be given to the effects of these structures when evaluating plastic pollution in any riverine body.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44661831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/209
G. Avkopashvili, M. Avkopashvili, A. Gongadze, Ramaz Gakhokidze, Irakli Avkopashvili, Lasha Asanidze
Environmental contaminants such as heavy metals are a major problem for living organisms. Phytoremediation methods are used to eliminate the problem of soil pollution, which is the direct use of living green plants for cleaning the soil. In Georgia, the soil contamination problem is particularly acute in some regions, including Bolnisi Municipality (South-East Georgia the country), where gold and copper are mined in the open-pits. Within the scope of the research, the sugar beet was studied in the field conditions near the mining area using Bio-stimulants Bioragi and Deposit that were not used before. ANOVA statistical method was used for data analysis and accumulation coefficient (AC) was calculated. The study showed that the Cd, Cu, and Zn accumulation coefficients were higher in the control sugar beet than in the plants fertilized with bio-stimulants. The cadmium AC in sugar beet was much higher than copper and zinc AC. In September the sugar beet accumulated the highest concentration of Cd, Cu, and Zn, then in July and October. Control sugar beet uptake more heavy metals in July and September, compared to Bioragi and Deposit, but in October Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations were higher in sugar beet with Bioragi. It was discovered that the lifespan of the sugar beet with Bioragi was longer than control sugar beet. Bio-stimulants in polluted soils can be appropriate, in terms of reducing heavy metals and have a practical use for agricultural purposes.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF BIOSTIMULANTS ON THE CADMIUM, ZINC AND COPPER ACCUMULATION POTENTIAL OF THE SUGAR BEET (Beta vulgaris) AND ANALYSIS ANOVA AND ACCUMULATION COEFFICIENT","authors":"G. Avkopashvili, M. Avkopashvili, A. Gongadze, Ramaz Gakhokidze, Irakli Avkopashvili, Lasha Asanidze","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/209","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental contaminants such as heavy metals are a major problem for living organisms. Phytoremediation methods are used to eliminate the problem of soil pollution, which is the direct use of living green plants for cleaning the soil. In Georgia, the soil contamination problem is particularly acute in some regions, including Bolnisi Municipality (South-East Georgia the country), where gold and copper are mined in the open-pits. Within the scope of the research, the sugar beet was studied in the field conditions near the mining area using Bio-stimulants Bioragi and Deposit that were not used before. ANOVA statistical method was used for data analysis and accumulation coefficient (AC) was calculated. The study showed that the Cd, Cu, and Zn accumulation coefficients were higher in the control sugar beet than in the plants fertilized with bio-stimulants. The cadmium AC in sugar beet was much higher than copper and zinc AC. In September the sugar beet accumulated the highest concentration of Cd, Cu, and Zn, then in July and October. Control sugar beet uptake more heavy metals in July and September, compared to Bioragi and Deposit, but in October Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations were higher in sugar beet with Bioragi. It was discovered that the lifespan of the sugar beet with Bioragi was longer than control sugar beet. Bio-stimulants in polluted soils can be appropriate, in terms of reducing heavy metals and have a practical use for agricultural purposes.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45281727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/201
Anca Vasilescu, M. Niță, Ileana Pătru-Stupariu
In the context of increased urbanization, urban green infrastructure (UGI) is an important tool for preserving the structure and functions of natural ecosystems and providing diverse benefits to the human population. The study of benefits is of high importance for the spatial and administrative planning of urban green infrastructures. The present analysis aims to understand the benefits associated with green infrastructures and to develop new possibilities for integrating green infrastructures into urban planning, using the municipality of Buzău as case study. In order to assess the distribution of UGIs in Buzău and to identify the benefits and services associated with them, 227 questionnaires were applied to local population. The case studies offer the possibility to provide concrete examples of current urban green infrastructures management practices. For the municipality of Buzău, the most desired elements of green infrastructure in the city is: parks and public gardens (94.20%), outdoor sports facilities (84.58%), street alignments (79.29%) and flower arrangements (55.06%). The involvement of the local community in the UGI planning process is a strong point, which should be integrated in the practices of local authorities and implemented effectively.
{"title":"METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING THE BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AT DIFFERENT URBAN SCALES","authors":"Anca Vasilescu, M. Niță, Ileana Pătru-Stupariu","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/201","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of increased urbanization, urban green infrastructure (UGI) is an important tool for preserving the structure and functions of natural ecosystems and providing diverse benefits to the human population. The study of benefits is of high importance for the spatial and administrative planning of urban green infrastructures. The present analysis aims to understand the benefits associated with green infrastructures and to develop new possibilities for integrating green infrastructures into urban planning, using the municipality of Buzău as case study. In order to assess the distribution of UGIs in Buzău and to identify the benefits and services associated with them, 227 questionnaires were applied to local population. The case studies offer the possibility to provide concrete examples of current urban green infrastructures management practices. For the municipality of Buzău, the most desired elements of green infrastructure in the city is: parks and public gardens (94.20%), outdoor sports facilities (84.58%), street alignments (79.29%) and flower arrangements (55.06%). The involvement of the local community in the UGI planning process is a strong point, which should be integrated in the practices of local authorities and implemented effectively.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43357091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/202
Lenka Balážovičová, Martina Škodová
Flash floods have been in the centre of attention for numerous hydrological studies recently and their magnitude and frequency are projected to increase due to the changing climate. This is especially important in small catchments where a local storm event can cause rapid increase in damage causing discharges. To estimate the possible impacts of a rainfall event, it is necessary to understand the precipitation/runoff conditions. Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS CN) method is widely used and discussed to estimate the effect of land cover and soil moisture conditions on runoff. In this paper, we implement this standard method in the Tajovský brook catchment in Central Slovakia. The individual land cover classes were identified, and weighted CN numbers were established. Forest accounted for 67% of the entire area, grasslands for 19% and built-up areas for 10%. The final CNII number was computed as 60.8. Seven initial abstraction ratio values were tested on a monthly hydrograph data and optimal value was set to 0.01. This suggests the possible most suited regional value of the abstraction ratio that could be used for this type of small (<50 km) forested catchments, but further testing on other catchments and precipitation events would be beneficial.
{"title":"VEGETATION AND LAND USE ANALYSIS FOR RUNOFF ESTIMATION IN SMALL FORESTED CATCHMENT: A CASE STUDY OF TAJOVSKÝ BROOK IN SLOVAKIA","authors":"Lenka Balážovičová, Martina Škodová","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/202","url":null,"abstract":"Flash floods have been in the centre of attention for numerous hydrological studies recently and their magnitude and frequency are projected to increase due to the changing climate. This is especially important in small catchments where a local storm event can cause rapid increase in damage causing discharges. To estimate the possible impacts of a rainfall event, it is necessary to understand the precipitation/runoff conditions. Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS CN) method is widely used and discussed to estimate the effect of land cover and soil moisture conditions on runoff. In this paper, we implement this standard method in the Tajovský brook catchment in Central Slovakia. The individual land cover classes were identified, and weighted CN numbers were established. Forest accounted for 67% of the entire area, grasslands for 19% and built-up areas for 10%. The final CNII number was computed as 60.8. Seven initial abstraction ratio values were tested on a monthly hydrograph data and optimal value was set to 0.01. This suggests the possible most suited regional value of the abstraction ratio that could be used for this type of small (<50 km) forested catchments, but further testing on other catchments and precipitation events would be beneficial.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45468240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/204
P. Szmolka, N. Frank
The present study consists of the comparative analysis of infiltration rates of soils under different land-cover conditions (dirt trails, grass plots and different types of forest stands) on the inner slopes of the Sfânta Ana crater, the catchment area of Lake Sfânta Ana in Romania. According to historical data, the depth and the surface of Lake Sfânta Ana have been undergoing significant changes during the last century, it lost in depth and the surface area shrunk approximatively 1,5 hectares. The losses are considered to be the consequences of the sedimentation as a result of the inflow processes from the catchment area, reduction of water level and eutrophication. The assessment and comparative analysis of steady infiltration rates of soils under different land-use categories in the catchment area were carried out to identify the possible sources of generation of surface flows responsible for sediment transport towards the lake using In Situ determinations with Double Ring Infiltrometers (DRI). Statistically significant differences were found between samples collected from grass plots, forests and the dirt trails, and within different forest stand structures. Results show that dirt trails and grass plots can be held responsible for the generation of surface flows. The main cause of low infiltration rates is soil compaction. Different forest stands are characterized by steady infiltration rates with high values and therefore provide effective protection. High forest coverage must be maintained in the crater, the problem of soil compaction on grass plots and dirt trails must be addressed.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF INFILTRATION RATES OF SOILS ON THE INNER SLOPES OF THE LAKE SFÂNTA ANA CRATER","authors":"P. Szmolka, N. Frank","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/204","url":null,"abstract":"The present study consists of the comparative analysis of infiltration rates of soils under different land-cover conditions (dirt trails, grass plots and different types of forest stands) on the inner slopes of the Sfânta Ana crater, the catchment area of Lake Sfânta Ana in Romania. According to historical data, the depth and the surface of Lake Sfânta Ana have been undergoing significant changes during the last century, it lost in depth and the surface area shrunk approximatively 1,5 hectares. The losses are considered to be the consequences of the sedimentation as a result of the inflow processes from the catchment area, reduction of water level and eutrophication. The assessment and comparative analysis of steady infiltration rates of soils under different land-use categories in the catchment area were carried out to identify the possible sources of generation of surface flows responsible for sediment transport towards the lake using In Situ determinations with Double Ring Infiltrometers (DRI). Statistically significant differences were found between samples collected from grass plots, forests and the dirt trails, and within different forest stand structures. Results show that dirt trails and grass plots can be held responsible for the generation of surface flows. The main cause of low infiltration rates is soil compaction. Different forest stands are characterized by steady infiltration rates with high values and therefore provide effective protection. High forest coverage must be maintained in the crater, the problem of soil compaction on grass plots and dirt trails must be addressed.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45589027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/203
Annisa Utami Rauf, A. Mallongi, A. Daud, M. Hatta, R. Amiruddin, S. Stang, A. Wahyu, Ratna Dwi Puji Astuti
Air pollution is a major environmental problem in Indonesia. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) which bounded to particulate matter (PM) samples were collected from Maros karst area, the second largest karst in the world. The seasonal levels of PTEs and ecological risk assessment were used to investigate the pollution levels near the residential areas using pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI). Spatial distributions of ecological risks based on the PTEs concentration have been explored with Empirical Bayesian Kriging method. The result indicated the mean concentration of PTEs (Cr, Pb, Cu, As and Zn) were significantly higher in dry season than wet season. Based on the PERI and PLI values, the PTEs accumulation are more severe near industrial activities and traffic roads. Hotspots of the PTEs were located in the East and Southeast area. The implications of this study could be used to optimize the management strategies in controlling the PTEs pollution and become a scientific reference for taking environmental protection policies
{"title":"SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGICAL RISK OF POTENTIALLY TOXIC ELEMENTS IN MAROS REGENCY, INDONESIA","authors":"Annisa Utami Rauf, A. Mallongi, A. Daud, M. Hatta, R. Amiruddin, S. Stang, A. Wahyu, Ratna Dwi Puji Astuti","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/203","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution is a major environmental problem in Indonesia. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) which bounded to particulate matter (PM) samples were collected from Maros karst area, the second largest karst in the world. The seasonal levels of PTEs and ecological risk assessment were used to investigate the pollution levels near the residential areas using pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI). Spatial distributions of ecological risks based on the PTEs concentration have been explored with Empirical Bayesian Kriging method. The result indicated the mean concentration of PTEs (Cr, Pb, Cu, As and Zn) were significantly higher in dry season than wet season. Based on the PERI and PLI values, the PTEs accumulation are more severe near industrial activities and traffic roads. Hotspots of the PTEs were located in the East and Southeast area. The implications of this study could be used to optimize the management strategies in controlling the PTEs pollution and become a scientific reference for taking environmental protection policies","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42280760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/211
S. Krasovskyi, O. Kovrov, I. Klimkina, O. Wiche
Coal waste dumps present potential sources of toxic elements, which may enter surrounding soils, water bodies, and can be transferred into plants. Acidification of the dump material as a consequence of sulphide mineral oxidation can foster element mobilization and plant uptake. In the present study we explored the elemental composition (Co, As, Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn and Cr) of substrate from the waste heap of the coal mine "Heroiv Kosmosy", Ukraine and investigated effects of substrate acidification on leaching and plant accumulation of the elements, considering two native grass species wall barley (Hordeum murinum) and japanese brome (Bromus japonicus). Both species were cultivated in a greenhouse experiment on substrate from the waste dump. The plants were watered with acidic treatment solutions at a pH range from pH 2–7. Element concentrations in leachate solutions, plant biomass and aqua regia extracts of the substrate were analyzed by ICP-MS. The pH of the substrate collected from the coal dump was 7.68 ± 0.02 the value and the electrical conductivity was 1200 ± 25 μS/cm. The substrate contained low concentrations of plant available (mineral) N (0.09 ± 0.01 mg/kg), and low concentrations of DL-extractable phosphate (0.016 ± 0.01 mg/kg). The aqua regia extractable concentrations of the investigated elements exceed the maximum allowable concentration in 59; 38; 47; 11.5; 2.5; 25 and 64 times, respectively. Decreasing the pH in the substrate significantly increases the concentrations of all studied elements in leachate solutions. The growth experiment showed that both H. murinum and B. japonicus, respectively germinated and grew on the substrate. After 21 days of plant growth H. murinum developed 7 ± 2 cm roots, and average shoot size was 20 ± 1 cm. In contrast, B. japonicus showed a root length 4 ± 0.5 cm and shoots were 8 ± 0.5 cm (pH=2). Decreasing the pH-values in the substrate led to increased element abortion in both plant species. However, H. murinum preferably accumulated the investigated elements in the roots while B. japanicus showed a substantially higher root–shoot transfer. The calculated translocation factors ranged between TF = 0.4–6.6 (B. japanicus) and between TF = 0.1–1.7 in H. murinum. We could demonstrate that substrate acidification strongly impacts plant availability in coal waste material. Both plant species are meaningful candidates for a phytoremediation of soil waste heaps in the Western Donbas.
{"title":"IMPACT OF SUBSTRATE ACIDIFICATION ON THE PLANT AVAILABILITY OF SOME TRACE ELEMENTS IN A COAL WASTE MATERIAL","authors":"S. Krasovskyi, O. Kovrov, I. Klimkina, O. Wiche","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/211","url":null,"abstract":"Coal waste dumps present potential sources of toxic elements, which may enter surrounding soils, water bodies, and can be transferred into plants. Acidification of the dump material as a consequence of sulphide mineral oxidation can foster element mobilization and plant uptake. In the present study we explored the elemental composition (Co, As, Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn and Cr) of substrate from the waste heap of the coal mine \"Heroiv Kosmosy\", Ukraine and investigated effects of substrate acidification on leaching and plant accumulation of the elements, considering two native grass species wall barley (Hordeum murinum) and japanese brome (Bromus japonicus). Both species were cultivated in a greenhouse experiment on substrate from the waste dump. The plants were watered with acidic treatment solutions at a pH range from pH 2–7. Element concentrations in leachate solutions, plant biomass and aqua regia extracts of the substrate were analyzed by ICP-MS. The pH of the substrate collected from the coal dump was 7.68 ± 0.02 the value and the electrical conductivity was 1200 ± 25 μS/cm. The substrate contained low concentrations of plant available (mineral) N (0.09 ± 0.01 mg/kg), and low concentrations of DL-extractable phosphate (0.016 ± 0.01 mg/kg). The aqua regia extractable concentrations of the investigated elements exceed the maximum allowable concentration in 59; 38; 47; 11.5; 2.5; 25 and 64 times, respectively. Decreasing the pH in the substrate significantly increases the concentrations of all studied elements in leachate solutions. The growth experiment showed that both H. murinum and B. japonicus, respectively germinated and grew on the substrate. After 21 days of plant growth H. murinum developed 7 ± 2 cm roots, and average shoot size was 20 ± 1 cm. In contrast, B. japonicus showed a root length 4 ± 0.5 cm and shoots were 8 ± 0.5 cm (pH=2). Decreasing the pH-values in the substrate led to increased element abortion in both plant species. However, H. murinum preferably accumulated the investigated elements in the roots while B. japanicus showed a substantially higher root–shoot transfer. The calculated translocation factors ranged between TF = 0.4–6.6 (B. japanicus) and between TF = 0.1–1.7 in H. murinum. We could demonstrate that substrate acidification strongly impacts plant availability in coal waste material. Both plant species are meaningful candidates for a phytoremediation of soil waste heaps in the Western Donbas.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46755767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Rautela, S. Khanduri̇, Surabhi Kundalia, G. Joshi, Rahul Jugran
204 persons were killed while two hydropower projects located in close proximity at Rishiganga (13.2 MW), and Tapoban (520 MW) were damaged in Dhauliganga flood of February 7, 2021 in the Indian Himalaya. This incidence occurred during the winter season when the discharge of the glacier fed rivers is minimal, and no rain was experienced in the region around the time of the flood. Despite discharge of the main river, Rishiganga, not involved in the flood due to damming upstream of its confluence with Raunthi Gadhera, based on field evidences massive volume of around 6 million cu m water involved in this flood is attributed to sequential intermittent damming at three different places; (i) Raunthi Gadhera was dammed first in its upper reaches, (ii) Rishiganga river was then dammed to the north of Murunna, and (iii) finally Dhauliganga river was dammed around Rini village to the upstream of its confluence with Rishiganga river. Lacking warning system only enhanced the flood-induced devastation. Legally binding disaster risk assessment regime, together with robust warning generation, and dissemination infrastructure are therefore recommended for all major infrastructure projects.
{"title":"Sequential Damming Induced Winter Season Flash Flood in Uttarakhand Province of India","authors":"P. Rautela, S. Khanduri̇, Surabhi Kundalia, G. Joshi, Rahul Jugran","doi":"10.30564/jees.v3i2.3069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v3i2.3069","url":null,"abstract":"204 persons were killed while two hydropower projects located in close proximity at Rishiganga (13.2 MW), and Tapoban (520 MW) were damaged in Dhauliganga flood of February 7, 2021 in the Indian Himalaya. This incidence occurred during the winter season when the discharge of the glacier fed rivers is minimal, and no rain was experienced in the region around the time of the flood. Despite discharge of the main river, Rishiganga, not involved in the flood due to damming upstream of its confluence with Raunthi Gadhera, based on field evidences massive volume of around 6 million cu m water involved in this flood is attributed to sequential intermittent damming at three different places; (i) Raunthi Gadhera was dammed first in its upper reaches, (ii) Rishiganga river was then dammed to the north of Murunna, and (iii) finally Dhauliganga river was dammed around Rini village to the upstream of its confluence with Rishiganga river. Lacking warning system only enhanced the flood-induced devastation. Legally binding disaster risk assessment regime, together with robust warning generation, and dissemination infrastructure are therefore recommended for all major infrastructure projects.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88392936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Groundwater studies were carried out between two geological groups to evaluate factors that influences groundwater geochemistry. To achieve this, 30 groundwater samples were collected. Parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), and hydrochemical characteristics (Na2+, K+ , Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3¯, NO3¯, Cl¯, CO23¯, and SO42¯) of groundwater were determined. Findings revealed that the pH value for Asu River Group ranges from 5.3 to 7.5, and that of Eze Aku Group ranges from 4.1 to 7.9. It was observed that areas around the mines had low pH values. Analyzed results that were obtained were interpreted using various hydrogeochemical models. Parson plots reflected that groundwater within the two geological groups fell within Ca˗Mg˗SO4 and Ca˗Mg˗Cl. Results from End˗member plots showed that 96% of groundwater samples analyzed were categorized under carbonate weathering, 4% fell silicate weathering. Gibbs plots revealed that interactions between groundwater and surrounding host rocks are mostly the main processes responsible for chemical characteristics of groundwater, Diamond field plots suggested that groundwater within the study were categorized to be high in Ca + Mg & SO4 + Cl, the plot of Ca2+/(HCO3¯+SO42¯) against Na+/Cl¯ revealed that groundwater was considered to be within the natural state for the two group. The plot of TDS against TH showed that groundwater is classified as soft freshwater. The study revealed there was no significant difference between factors that influence groundwater within the two geological.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Groundwater between Geological Groups of Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria Using Modelling Approach","authors":"M. Eyankware, P. Obasi, C. Ogwah","doi":"10.30564/jees.v3i2.3694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v3i2.3694","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater studies were carried out between two geological groups to evaluate factors that influences groundwater geochemistry. To achieve this, 30 groundwater samples were collected. Parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), and hydrochemical characteristics (Na2+, K+ , Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3¯, NO3¯, Cl¯, CO23¯, and SO42¯) of groundwater were determined. Findings revealed that the pH value for Asu River Group ranges from 5.3 to 7.5, and that of Eze Aku Group ranges from 4.1 to 7.9. It was observed that areas around the mines had low pH values. Analyzed results that were obtained were interpreted using various hydrogeochemical models. Parson plots reflected that groundwater within the two geological groups fell within Ca˗Mg˗SO4 and Ca˗Mg˗Cl. Results from End˗member plots showed that 96% of groundwater samples analyzed were categorized under carbonate weathering, 4% fell silicate weathering. Gibbs plots revealed that interactions between groundwater and surrounding host rocks are mostly the main processes responsible for chemical characteristics of groundwater, Diamond field plots suggested that groundwater within the study were categorized to be high in Ca + Mg & SO4 + Cl, the plot of Ca2+/(HCO3¯+SO42¯) against Na+/Cl¯ revealed that groundwater was considered to be within the natural state for the two group. The plot of TDS against TH showed that groundwater is classified as soft freshwater. The study revealed there was no significant difference between factors that influence groundwater within the two geological.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86417406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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