Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2018.2878282
N. Hajia, Bala Venkatesh, Mohamed A. Awadallah
Asset expansion planning in distribution systems is vital and should be extended to consider utility-scale energy storage systems such as batteries. Unlike other assets, usage parameters such as number of storage cycles and depth of discharge (DOD) have a dramatic nonlinear effect on the lifetime of battery energy storage systems (BESSs). Hence, it is imperative to include the relationship between lifetime, number of storage cycles, and DOD of BESS in the optimal asset planning formulation. This paper presents a new formulation and solution for the optimization problem of asset expansion planning in power distribution systems. The research considers adding new BESS units to existing distribution grids. The nonlinear life–cycling–usage relationship of BESS has been modeled for the first time in the context of asset expansion planning in power systems. The formulation aims at minimizing the annualized cost of the expansion plan while satisfying forecasted demand and other distribution system requirements. The methodology is used to optimally plan for the expansion of 6-bus and 33-bus distribution networks. The results show the effect of considering the life–cycling–usage relationship of BESS on optimal asset expansion plans including the optimal size and capacity of the assets. In addition, the impact of the ratio of off-peak load to peak load on total asset cost is analyzed and reported. It is shown that an annual cost saving of 51.79% is possible via the proposed approach. Findings of this paper will capture the attention of planning and asset management departments of electric distribution utilities. Résumé—La planification de l’expansion des actifs dans les systèmes de distribution est vitale et devrait être étendue aux systèmes de stockage d’énergie à grande échelle, tels que les batteries. Contrairement à d’autres actifs, les paramètres d’utilisation tels que le nombre de cycles de stockage et la profondeur de décharge (PDD) ont un effet non linéaire considérable sur la durée de vie des systèmes de stockage d’énergie par batterie (SSEB). Il est donc impératif d’inclure la relation entre la durée de vie, le nombre de cycles de stockage et la PDD du SSEB dans la formulation optimale de la planification des actifs. Ce document présente une nouvelle formulation et solution au problème d’optimisation de la planification de l’expansion des actifs dans les systèmes de distribution d’énergie. La recherche envisage l’ajout de nouvelles unités SSEB aux réseaux de distribution existants. La relation non linéaire cycle de vie utilisation du SSEB a été modélisée pour la première fois dans le contexte de la planification de l’expansion des actifs dans les systèmes électriques. La formulation vise à minimiser le coût annualisé du plan d’expansion tout en satisfaisant la demande prévue et les autres besoins du système de distribution. Cette méthodologie permet de planifier de manière optimale l’extension des réseaux de distribution à 6 bus e
配电系统的资产扩张规划至关重要，应扩展到考虑公用事业规模的储能系统，如电池。与其他资产不同，诸如储能循环次数和放电深度(DOD)等使用参数对电池储能系统(bess)的寿命具有显著的非线性影响。因此，在最优资产规划制定中，必须考虑BESS的寿命、存储周期数和DOD之间的关系。本文提出了配电系统资产扩容规划优化问题的一种新的表述和求解方法。该研究考虑在现有的配电网中增加新的BESS单元。在电力系统资产扩张规划的背景下，首次建立了BESS的非线性生命周期-使用关系模型。制定的目的是在满足预测需求和其他配电系统要求的同时，使扩建计划的年化成本最小化。该方法用于优化规划6总线和33总线配电网的扩展。结果表明，考虑BESS的生命周期-使用关系对最优资产扩张计划的影响，包括最优资产规模和最优资产容量。此外，分析并报告了非峰负荷与峰负荷之比对总资产成本的影响。结果表明，采用该方法每年可节约51.79%的成本。本文的研究结果将引起配电网规划和资产管理部门的重视。rsamsumen - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -控制系统活动，控制系统使用参数，控制系统储存周期，控制系统储存周期，控制系统储存周期，控制系统储存周期，控制系统储存周期，控制系统储存周期，控制系统储存周期，控制系统储存周期，控制系统储存周期，控制系统储存周期，控制系统储存周期。将会对所有的交换过程进行测试，包括交换交换过程的关系中心、储存周期的名称和SSEB的PDD，以及制定最佳的交换交换活动的方法。该文件提出了一种新的公式和解决方案，用于优化、简化、扩展、活动和分配系统。说是设想l 'ajout de新式联合SSEB辅助reseaux existants de分布。与非固定的交换交换系统的关系:交换交换系统的交换交换系统;交换交换系统的交换交换系统的交换交换系统;交换交换系统的交换交换系统;交换交换系统的交换交换系统。在制定年度计划时，应尽量减少成本，以满足市场需求，并尽量减少分配系统的成本。让这个methodologie编制计划的方式optimale l 'extension des reseaux de分布6总线等33个总线。该计划包括监测企业效益，完成企业发展计划、扩大计划和最佳活动的关系周期，包括企业能力和最佳活动。此外，“关系中心的影响”、“非中心的影响”、“中心的影响”、“中心的影响”、“中心的影响”、“中心的影响”、“中心的影响”、“中心的影响”、“中心的影响”、“中心的影响”、“中心的影响”、“中心的影响”、“中心的影响”。i ' est danci.9cha.com est danci.9cha.com est est danci.9cha.com est est est danci.9cha.com est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est est。结论、文件、关注、服务、细化、消化、活动、服务、公众、分配、电子商务等。
{"title":"Optimal Asset Expansion in Distribution Networks Considering Battery Nonlinear Characteristics Expansion optimale des actifs dans les réseaux de distribution en tenant compte des caractéristiques non linéaires des batteries","authors":"N. Hajia, Bala Venkatesh, Mohamed A. Awadallah","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2018.2878282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2018.2878282","url":null,"abstract":"Asset expansion planning in distribution systems is vital and should be extended to consider utility-scale energy storage systems such as batteries. Unlike other assets, usage parameters such as number of storage cycles and depth of discharge (DOD) have a dramatic nonlinear effect on the lifetime of battery energy storage systems (BESSs). Hence, it is imperative to include the relationship between lifetime, number of storage cycles, and DOD of BESS in the optimal asset planning formulation. This paper presents a new formulation and solution for the optimization problem of asset expansion planning in power distribution systems. The research considers adding new BESS units to existing distribution grids. The nonlinear life–cycling–usage relationship of BESS has been modeled for the first time in the context of asset expansion planning in power systems. The formulation aims at minimizing the annualized cost of the expansion plan while satisfying forecasted demand and other distribution system requirements. The methodology is used to optimally plan for the expansion of 6-bus and 33-bus distribution networks. The results show the effect of considering the life–cycling–usage relationship of BESS on optimal asset expansion plans including the optimal size and capacity of the assets. In addition, the impact of the ratio of off-peak load to peak load on total asset cost is analyzed and reported. It is shown that an annual cost saving of 51.79% is possible via the proposed approach. Findings of this paper will capture the attention of planning and asset management departments of electric distribution utilities. <italic>Résumé</italic>—La planification de l’expansion des actifs dans les systèmes de distribution est vitale et devrait être étendue aux systèmes de stockage d’énergie à grande échelle, tels que les batteries. Contrairement à d’autres actifs, les paramètres d’utilisation tels que le nombre de cycles de stockage et la profondeur de décharge (PDD) ont un effet non linéaire considérable sur la durée de vie des systèmes de stockage d’énergie par batterie (SSEB). Il est donc impératif d’inclure la relation entre la durée de vie, le nombre de cycles de stockage et la PDD du SSEB dans la formulation optimale de la planification des actifs. Ce document présente une nouvelle formulation et solution au problème d’optimisation de la planification de l’expansion des actifs dans les systèmes de distribution d’énergie. La recherche envisage l’ajout de nouvelles unités SSEB aux réseaux de distribution existants. La relation non linéaire cycle de vie utilisation du SSEB a été modélisée pour la première fois dans le contexte de la planification de l’expansion des actifs dans les systèmes électriques. La formulation vise à minimiser le coût annualisé du plan d’expansion tout en satisfaisant la demande prévue et les autres besoins du système de distribution. Cette méthodologie permet de planifier de manière optimale l’extension des réseaux de distribution à 6 bus e","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2018.2878282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62192928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1109/cjece.2018.2836860
Gouri R. Barai, Bala Venkatesh, Mohamed A. Awadallah
Energy storage (ES) systems are capable of providing high-quality accurate services such as frequency regulation, peak shaving, and stability enhancement in power systems. The federal energy regulatory commission orders 755 and 784 pave a road for ES systems in providing such services in a competitive manner. In developing ES solutions for grid applications, often single-technology solutions are considered. Under certain conditions, a hybrid ES system (HESS) comprising different technologies might best provide expected services at the least annualized capital cost; an individual technology seldom provides all the desired characteristics at the least cost. In this work, an HESS is optimally designed at grid-scale for a desired performance at the least annualized capital cost. The design is constrained by requirements of the system and characteristics of an individual ES technology. The proposed HESS combines storage units based on lithium-ion batteries, flywheels, and ultracapacitors. A synthetic data set and Ontario power grid data are considered as candidate case studies seeking ES solutions. The proposed methodology optimally sizes HESS providing minimum cost. It is undoubtedly shown that in certain situations, HESS provides the least annualized costs in comparison to systems constructed out of a single technology. Résumé—Les systèmes de stockage d’énergie (SE) sont capables de fournir des services précis de haute qualité tels que la régulation de fréquence, l’écrêtement de pointe et l’amélioration de la stabilité des systèmes de réseaux électriques. Les ordonnances 755 et 784 de la Commission fédérale de réglementation de l’énergie ouvrent la voie aux systèmes de SE pour ce qui est de fournir de tels services de manière compétitive. Dans développement de solutions de SE pour les applications de réseau électrique, des solutions mono-technologiques sont souvent envisagées. Sous certaines conditions, un système de SE hybride (SSEH) comprenant différentes technologies pourrait mieux fournir les services attendus au plus bas cot d’investissement annualisé; une technologie individuelle fournit rarement toutes les caractéristiques souhaitées au moindre cot. Dans ce travail, un SSEH est conçu de manière optimale à l’échelle du réseau électrique pour une performance souhaitée au plus bas cot d’investissement annualisé. La conception est limitée par les exigences du système et les caractéristiques d’une technologie de SE individuelle. Le SSEH proposé combine des unités de stockage à base de batteries au lithium-ion, à volant d’inertie et d’ultracondensateurs. Un ensemble de données synthétiques et des données sur le réseau électrique de l’Ontario sont considérés comme des études de cas candidates à la recherche de solutions de SE. La méthodologie proposée permet de dimensionner de manière optimale le SSEH en fournissant un cot minimum. Il est indubitablement démontré que dans certaines situations, le SSEH fournit le plus bas cot d’inves
储能系统能够为电力系统提供高质量的精确服务，如频率调节、调峰和稳定性增强。联邦能源管理委员会第755号和第784号命令为ES系统以竞争性方式提供此类服务铺平了道路。在为网格应用程序开发ES解决方案时，通常会考虑单一技术解决方案。在某些条件下，由不同技术组成的混合ES系统(HESS)可能以最低的年化资本成本提供最佳的预期服务;单个技术很少能以最小的成本提供所有所需的特性。在这项工作中，HESS在电网规模上进行了优化设计，以最低的年化资本成本获得理想的性能。该设计受到系统需求和单个ES技术特性的限制。提出的HESS结合了基于锂离子电池、飞轮和超级电容器的存储单元。综合数据集和安大略省电网数据被认为是寻求ES解决方案的候选案例研究。所提出的方法在提供最小成本的情况下优化了HESS的大小。毫无疑问，在某些情况下，与采用单一技术构建的系统相比，HESS提供的年化成本最低。交换交换系统-交换交换系统-交换交换系统-交换交换系统-交换交换系统-交换交换系统-交换交换系统-交换交换系统-交换交换系统-交换交换系统。第755号和第784号法令规定了一个委员会的规定，即:关于交换交换和交换交换的规定;关于交换交换和交换交换系统的规定;关于交换交换和交换交换服务的规定。在所有的应用中，只有在所有的应用中，只有在所有的应用中，只有在所有的应用中，只有在所有的应用中，只有在所有的应用中，只有在所有的应用中，只有在所有的应用中。在某些条件下，SSEH系统兼容不同的交换系统系统(SSEH)技术，可以提供四种不同的服务，并且可以进行年度投资。一项单独的四元数据采集技术可以减少人体的通讯装置(如通讯装置)。随着时间的延长，SSEH测试了“最佳控制系统”(concondu de mancire optimale)和“最优控制系统”(conconu de mancire)的性能，例如“最优控制系统”和“最优控制系统”。这一概念是“有限的系统经验的交换交换”和“有限的系统经验的交换交换交换的交换交换”。Le SSEH建议将单位储能电池、锂离子电池、惰性电池和超电容器结合起来。联合国整体数据synthetiques et des数据关于网格规程de l 'Ontario是考虑像des练习曲de cas候选人说是de de SE的解决方案。该方法提出了在4个最小值的最小值条件下，基于最小值的最小值条件下，基于最小值的最小值条件下，基于最小值的最小值条件。不可否认的是，在某些情况下，SSEH已在其基础上进行了年度投资，并在其基础上建立了新的合作伙伴关系和系统。
{"title":"Optimization of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Power Curve Smoothening at Grid Scale Optimisation des systèmes de stockage d’énergie hybride pour le lissage de la courbe de puissance à l’échelle du réseau","authors":"Gouri R. Barai, Bala Venkatesh, Mohamed A. Awadallah","doi":"10.1109/cjece.2018.2836860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cjece.2018.2836860","url":null,"abstract":"Energy storage (ES) systems are capable of providing high-quality accurate services such as frequency regulation, peak shaving, and stability enhancement in power systems. The federal energy regulatory commission orders 755 and 784 pave a road for ES systems in providing such services in a competitive manner. In developing ES solutions for grid applications, often single-technology solutions are considered. Under certain conditions, a hybrid ES system (HESS) comprising different technologies might best provide expected services at the least annualized capital cost; an individual technology seldom provides all the desired characteristics at the least cost. In this work, an HESS is optimally designed at grid-scale for a desired performance at the least annualized capital cost. The design is constrained by requirements of the system and characteristics of an individual ES technology. The proposed HESS combines storage units based on lithium-ion batteries, flywheels, and ultracapacitors. A synthetic data set and Ontario power grid data are considered as candidate case studies seeking ES solutions. The proposed methodology optimally sizes HESS providing minimum cost. It is undoubtedly shown that in certain situations, HESS provides the least annualized costs in comparison to systems constructed out of a single technology. <italic>Résumé</italic>—Les systèmes de stockage d’énergie (SE) sont capables de fournir des services précis de haute qualité tels que la régulation de fréquence, l’écrêtement de pointe et l’amélioration de la stabilité des systèmes de réseaux électriques. Les ordonnances 755 et 784 de la Commission fédérale de réglementation de l’énergie ouvrent la voie aux systèmes de SE pour ce qui est de fournir de tels services de manière compétitive. Dans développement de solutions de SE pour les applications de réseau électrique, des solutions mono-technologiques sont souvent envisagées. Sous certaines conditions, un système de SE hybride (SSEH) comprenant différentes technologies pourrait mieux fournir les services attendus au plus bas cot d’investissement annualisé; une technologie individuelle fournit rarement toutes les caractéristiques souhaitées au moindre cot. Dans ce travail, un SSEH est conçu de manière optimale à l’échelle du réseau électrique pour une performance souhaitée au plus bas cot d’investissement annualisé. La conception est limitée par les exigences du système et les caractéristiques d’une technologie de SE individuelle. Le SSEH proposé combine des unités de stockage à base de batteries au lithium-ion, à volant d’inertie et d’ultracondensateurs. Un ensemble de données synthétiques et des données sur le réseau électrique de l’Ontario sont considérés comme des études de cas candidates à la recherche de solutions de SE. La méthodologie proposée permet de dimensionner de manière optimale le SSEH en fournissant un cot minimum. Il est indubitablement démontré que dans certaines situations, le SSEH fournit le plus bas cot d’inves","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/cjece.2018.2836860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62193049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-14DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2017.2753703
S. Mehrabi, Reza Faghih Mirzaee, Sharareh Zamanzadeh, A. Jamalian
Compressors are widely used in multipliers to accumulate and reduce partial products in a parallel manner. This paper conducts a comparative review for high-order $m$ :2 and $m$ :3 compressors within a 16-bit $times16$ -bit multiplier cell as a benchmark. Furthermore, some of the compressors are slightly modified with the aim of reducing interconnections and logical gates. Four well-known adders are also employed to perform the final addition of partial products. They are ripple-carry adder, carry-lookahead adder (CLA), carry-bypass adder, and carry-select adder. These adders are initially demonstrated by a sequence of unmodified identical blocks. Then, they are simplified in order to decrease hardware components. Their simplification and the use of reduced compressors lead to high speed and considerable power and area savings. Synthesizable structural VHDL code is used to simulate and implement different multipliers. Our investigations show that the design with the reduced $m$ :2 compressors and multilevel CLA is the most efficient multiplier. This paper also includes further comparisons with multipliers containing other structures and arrangements.
{"title":"Multiplication With $m$ :2 and $m$ :3 Compressors—A Comparative Review","authors":"S. Mehrabi, Reza Faghih Mirzaee, Sharareh Zamanzadeh, A. Jamalian","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2017.2753703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2017.2753703","url":null,"abstract":"Compressors are widely used in multipliers to accumulate and reduce partial products in a parallel manner. This paper conducts a comparative review for high-order <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula>:2 and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula>:3 compressors within a 16-bit <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$times16$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-bit multiplier cell as a benchmark. Furthermore, some of the compressors are slightly modified with the aim of reducing interconnections and logical gates. Four well-known adders are also employed to perform the final addition of partial products. They are ripple-carry adder, carry-lookahead adder (CLA), carry-bypass adder, and carry-select adder. These adders are initially demonstrated by a sequence of unmodified identical blocks. Then, they are simplified in order to decrease hardware components. Their simplification and the use of reduced compressors lead to high speed and considerable power and area savings. Synthesizable structural VHDL code is used to simulate and implement different multipliers. Our investigations show that the design with the reduced <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula>:2 compressors and multilevel CLA is the most efficient multiplier. This paper also includes further comparisons with multipliers containing other structures and arrangements.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2017.2753703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46848259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-13DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2017.2751623
Hanyu Hong, Yu Shi
In this paper, we propose a deconvolution method which removes the motion blur along the blurring paths. The 2-D blurred image is transformed into 1-D horizontal blurred vectors along the blurring paths. Hence, the deconvolution of stacked horizontal blurred vectors is implemented in an iterative deconvolution process by a 1-D image restoration method that saves computation time. The deconvolution process is usually implemented in the frequency domain by fast Fourier transform (FFT). The computation time of FFT used in the 1-D image restoration method for the blurred vectors is about two-fifths of that of 2-D FFT used in the common image restoration method. To get stacked horizontal blurred vectors, we first incorporate orthogonal Chebyshev polynomial into the proposed method to extract pixels along the blurring paths. Then, we expand horizontal blurred vectors smoothly to reduce boundary artifacts. At last, we add a nonquadratic regularization term to the Richardson-Lucy algorithm, which adaptively penalizes the image gradients, to avoid oversmoothing of details. Experimental results for real motion-blurred images demonstrate that our approach runs much faster than the 2-D deblurring algorithm, while achieving as high restoration accuracy and visual perception as the 2-D deconvolution algorithm.
{"title":"Fast Deconvolution for Motion Blur Along the Blurring Paths","authors":"Hanyu Hong, Yu Shi","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2017.2751623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2017.2751623","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a deconvolution method which removes the motion blur along the blurring paths. The 2-D blurred image is transformed into 1-D horizontal blurred vectors along the blurring paths. Hence, the deconvolution of stacked horizontal blurred vectors is implemented in an iterative deconvolution process by a 1-D image restoration method that saves computation time. The deconvolution process is usually implemented in the frequency domain by fast Fourier transform (FFT). The computation time of FFT used in the 1-D image restoration method for the blurred vectors is about two-fifths of that of 2-D FFT used in the common image restoration method. To get stacked horizontal blurred vectors, we first incorporate orthogonal Chebyshev polynomial into the proposed method to extract pixels along the blurring paths. Then, we expand horizontal blurred vectors smoothly to reduce boundary artifacts. At last, we add a nonquadratic regularization term to the Richardson-Lucy algorithm, which adaptively penalizes the image gradients, to avoid oversmoothing of details. Experimental results for real motion-blurred images demonstrate that our approach runs much faster than the 2-D deblurring algorithm, while achieving as high restoration accuracy and visual perception as the 2-D deconvolution algorithm.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2017.2751623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48836597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-13DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2017.2719860
Julien Maître, B. Bouchard, A. Bouzouane, S. Gaboury
Induction machines are omnipresent in industry because of their sturdiness and their ease of implementation. Nevertheless, these electrical motors still concede failures [e.g., interturn short circuit (ITSC) and broken rotor bar], which may lead to unplanned shutdowns. Consequently, manufacturing industries invest significant resources to avoid them with maintenance. Some studies have been achieved in this area of research, but any of the optimal solution (detecting, localizing, and estimating the degree of severity of failures) has been developed. Thus, in this paper, we propose to perform a comparison of performance and robustness between different classification algorithms, which can detect, approximate (severity of the failure), and localize (which phase) the ITSC in the stator phase(s) of the three-phase induction machine. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that such an evaluation has been suggested by using automated classification into predefined categories for ITSC in the stator phase(s) detection (recognition). This paper aims at providing an understanding vision of the recognition of failures that may occur, in order to develop future optimal solutions, which will be deployed in industry environment.
{"title":"Classification Algorithms Comparison for Interturn Short-Circuit Recognition in Induction Machines Using Best-Fit 3-D-Ellipse Method","authors":"Julien Maître, B. Bouchard, A. Bouzouane, S. Gaboury","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2017.2719860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2017.2719860","url":null,"abstract":"Induction machines are omnipresent in industry because of their sturdiness and their ease of implementation. Nevertheless, these electrical motors still concede failures [e.g., interturn short circuit (ITSC) and broken rotor bar], which may lead to unplanned shutdowns. Consequently, manufacturing industries invest significant resources to avoid them with maintenance. Some studies have been achieved in this area of research, but any of the optimal solution (detecting, localizing, and estimating the degree of severity of failures) has been developed. Thus, in this paper, we propose to perform a comparison of performance and robustness between different classification algorithms, which can detect, approximate (severity of the failure), and localize (which phase) the ITSC in the stator phase(s) of the three-phase induction machine. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that such an evaluation has been suggested by using automated classification into predefined categories for ITSC in the stator phase(s) detection (recognition). This paper aims at providing an understanding vision of the recognition of failures that may occur, in order to develop future optimal solutions, which will be deployed in industry environment.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2017.2719860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45284002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-13DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2017.2751661
Subhra Jana, A. De
This paper presents a waveform analysis-based approach for detection and classification of short-circuit faults in large power networks. To reduce the computational burden in dealing with a large volume of waveform data, a novel zone detection method has been used where a large power network is divided into optimal number of zones with manageable number of buses and lines. A first module of the artificial neural network-based classifier has been developed to perform an “exploratory global search” to find the faulty zone, which is then refined to a “local search” within a zone, by a second module of classifier for determination of exact fault location and fault type. The elementary waveform data are being captured by disturbance recorders placed at strategic buses, termed as “monitoring locations.” Feature extraction, which is typically the underlying principle of any waveform analysis-based fault detection approach, is implemented by the extended Kalman filter. The proposed method has been successfully tested on the IEEE 57 bus network with encouraging results.
{"title":"A Novel Zone Division Approach for Power System Fault Detection Using ANN-Based Pattern Recognition Technique","authors":"Subhra Jana, A. De","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2017.2751661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2017.2751661","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a waveform analysis-based approach for detection and classification of short-circuit faults in large power networks. To reduce the computational burden in dealing with a large volume of waveform data, a novel zone detection method has been used where a large power network is divided into optimal number of zones with manageable number of buses and lines. A first module of the artificial neural network-based classifier has been developed to perform an “exploratory global search” to find the faulty zone, which is then refined to a “local search” within a zone, by a second module of classifier for determination of exact fault location and fault type. The elementary waveform data are being captured by disturbance recorders placed at strategic buses, termed as “monitoring locations.” Feature extraction, which is typically the underlying principle of any waveform analysis-based fault detection approach, is implemented by the extended Kalman filter. The proposed method has been successfully tested on the IEEE 57 bus network with encouraging results.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2017.2751661","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41831040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-13DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2017.2753219
Talal Alharbi, Kankar Bhattacharya
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) present a promising solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions but on the other hand, their increased penetration can impact power system operation, particularly so in an isolated microgrid. Similarly, demand response (DR) has the potential to provide significant flexibility in the operation of an isolated microgrid with limited generation capacity, by altering the demand and introducing an elasticity effect. This paper proposes a new mathematical model for optimal scheduling of energy resources and smart management of loads which includes smart charging of PEVs, DR, and operation of battery energy storage systems (BESSs), for isolated microgrids. Different case studies are developed to examine isolated microgrid operations when the demand increases, and how the energy management model copes with such increase. The proposed model develops energy management strategies considering the network constraints and different objective functions from the perspective of the microgrid operator as well as from the owners of PEVs and BESS.
{"title":"Optimal Scheduling of Energy Resources and Management of Loads in Isolated/Islanded Microgrids","authors":"Talal Alharbi, Kankar Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2017.2753219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2017.2753219","url":null,"abstract":"Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) present a promising solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions but on the other hand, their increased penetration can impact power system operation, particularly so in an isolated microgrid. Similarly, demand response (DR) has the potential to provide significant flexibility in the operation of an isolated microgrid with limited generation capacity, by altering the demand and introducing an elasticity effect. This paper proposes a new mathematical model for optimal scheduling of energy resources and smart management of loads which includes smart charging of PEVs, DR, and operation of battery energy storage systems (BESSs), for isolated microgrids. Different case studies are developed to examine isolated microgrid operations when the demand increases, and how the energy management model copes with such increase. The proposed model develops energy management strategies considering the network constraints and different objective functions from the perspective of the microgrid operator as well as from the owners of PEVs and BESS.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2017.2753219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44297941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-28DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2017.2703093
Guodong Wang, Mohamed Amin Ben Sassi, R. Grosu
Echo-state networks (ESNs) are a distinct architecture for recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The great advantage of ESN is that they offer an easy way to train the RNN. To make full use of ESN, one needs to first identify their global (hyper) parameters. These are input scaling, leaking rate (for leaky ESN), spectral radius, and the size of the ESN. The most recommended way to get their optimal (or suboptimal) values is by trial-and-error. However, in practice, this method has a very low efficiency. In order to tackle this problem, we propose a novel “zoom-in-zoom-out” (ZIZO) algorithm for generating the global parameters automatically. The proposed technique consists of two major parts. First, we generate random ranges for the parameters of ESNs. Then, based on bootstrap-sampling, we search the optimal solution within the fixed specific ranges. To evaluate the proposed method, we use two different data sets, which are collected from the literature. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of ZIZO.
{"title":"ZIZO: A Novel Zoom-In–Zoom-Out Search Algorithm for the Global Parameters of Echo-State Networks","authors":"Guodong Wang, Mohamed Amin Ben Sassi, R. Grosu","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2017.2703093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2017.2703093","url":null,"abstract":"Echo-state networks (ESNs) are a distinct architecture for recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The great advantage of ESN is that they offer an easy way to train the RNN. To make full use of ESN, one needs to first identify their global (hyper) parameters. These are input scaling, leaking rate (for leaky ESN), spectral radius, and the size of the ESN. The most recommended way to get their optimal (or suboptimal) values is by trial-and-error. However, in practice, this method has a very low efficiency. In order to tackle this problem, we propose a novel “zoom-in-zoom-out” (ZIZO) algorithm for generating the global parameters automatically. The proposed technique consists of two major parts. First, we generate random ranges for the parameters of ESNs. Then, based on bootstrap-sampling, we search the optimal solution within the fixed specific ranges. To evaluate the proposed method, we use two different data sets, which are collected from the literature. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of ZIZO.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2017.2703093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43785691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-28DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2017.2705278
S. M. Madani, M. Rostami, G. Gharehpetian, Lance E. Pope
This paper presents two novel limiters for mitigating inrush current on primary grounded and nongrounded transformers. The simplicity of structure, reliability of operation with a low failure rate, and a lack of influence on steady-state operation of transformers are some benefits of the two proposed inrush current limiters (ICLs). In addition, they do not require any data for the switching angle of circuit breakers or measurement of residual flux. Additionally, the number of diodes and the inductance value of two proposed diode bridges decreases compared to a three diode bridge in three-phase structures and improve bridge type inrush current limiting for primary grounded and nongrounded transformers. The two proposed methods for inrush current limitation are applicable for all transformers, which have a Y of Yn connection in their primary side. The proposed methods can be used for Y-yn, Yn-yn, Y-delta, Yn-delta, and Y-zn connections and there is no limitation on the secondary side winding type. To reduce losses in the steady-state condition, the ICL should be bypassed. To bypass the ICL, at least three switches are used for the topology proposed in conventional methods. For the topology presented in this paper, only one switch is needed to perform the same function.
{"title":"Inrush Current Limiting of Transformer Primary Winding With Grounded or Nongrounded Y-Connection Using Diode Bridges","authors":"S. M. Madani, M. Rostami, G. Gharehpetian, Lance E. Pope","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2017.2705278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2017.2705278","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents two novel limiters for mitigating inrush current on primary grounded and nongrounded transformers. The simplicity of structure, reliability of operation with a low failure rate, and a lack of influence on steady-state operation of transformers are some benefits of the two proposed inrush current limiters (ICLs). In addition, they do not require any data for the switching angle of circuit breakers or measurement of residual flux. Additionally, the number of diodes and the inductance value of two proposed diode bridges decreases compared to a three diode bridge in three-phase structures and improve bridge type inrush current limiting for primary grounded and nongrounded transformers. The two proposed methods for inrush current limitation are applicable for all transformers, which have a Y of Yn connection in their primary side. The proposed methods can be used for Y-yn, Yn-yn, Y-delta, Yn-delta, and Y-zn connections and there is no limitation on the secondary side winding type. To reduce losses in the steady-state condition, the ICL should be bypassed. To bypass the ICL, at least three switches are used for the topology proposed in conventional methods. For the topology presented in this paper, only one switch is needed to perform the same function.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2017.2705278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44759729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-28DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2017.2690829
Lei Chen, Huiwen He, Hongkun Chen, Lei Wang, Lin Zhu, Zhengyu Shu, Fei Tang, Jun Yang
Regarding the permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind turbine system, this paper proposes a modified flux-coupling-type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) to enhance its fault ride-through (FRT) performance. The modified SFCL’s structural principle and theoretical influence on the PMSG ride through capability are conducted, and a comparison of the SFCL and a dynamic braking chopper (BC) is performed. Using MATLAB, a detailed model of a 1.5-MW PMSG-based wind turbine integrated with the SFCL/BC is built, and the simulations of symmetrical and asymmetrical faults are done. From the results, introducing the modified SFCL can limit the fault currents in the generator and grid sides. In addition, using the modified SFCL, we are able to compensate the generator voltage and alleviate the dc-link overvoltage. Thus, the wind turbine system’s power balance is improved, and also the fault recovery process can be accelerated. On the whole, the modified SFCL is better than the BC for assisting the FRT operation of the PMSG.
{"title":"Study of a Modified Flux-Coupling-Type SFCL for Efficient Fault Ride-Through in a PMSG Wind Turbine Under Different Types of Faults","authors":"Lei Chen, Huiwen He, Hongkun Chen, Lei Wang, Lin Zhu, Zhengyu Shu, Fei Tang, Jun Yang","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2017.2690829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2017.2690829","url":null,"abstract":"Regarding the permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind turbine system, this paper proposes a modified flux-coupling-type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) to enhance its fault ride-through (FRT) performance. The modified SFCL’s structural principle and theoretical influence on the PMSG ride through capability are conducted, and a comparison of the SFCL and a dynamic braking chopper (BC) is performed. Using MATLAB, a detailed model of a 1.5-MW PMSG-based wind turbine integrated with the SFCL/BC is built, and the simulations of symmetrical and asymmetrical faults are done. From the results, introducing the modified SFCL can limit the fault currents in the generator and grid sides. In addition, using the modified SFCL, we are able to compensate the generator voltage and alleviate the dc-link overvoltage. Thus, the wind turbine system’s power balance is improved, and also the fault recovery process can be accelerated. On the whole, the modified SFCL is better than the BC for assisting the FRT operation of the PMSG.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2017.2690829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41445625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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