Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2019.2947573
Zhang Yuejun, Luan Zhicun, Ding Dailu, Wang Pengjun, Li Zhen, Li Liwei
One of the most important issues in deep nanoscale regime CMOS circuits is related to the time-dependent performance degradation caused by negative bias temperature instability (NBTI). The integration of online aging sensor is becoming attractive methodologies in monitoring performance degradation of circuit. The sensor can generate a warning signal, early warning of the occurrence of aging faults, to avoid unnecessary losses. To accurately capture the aging fault, a real-time aging sensor is proposed with mirror extraction setup and hold (SH) time method. The proposed aging sensor, which is on the basis of the standard flip-flop (FF), consists of an additional edge detector circuit, a detection window generator circuit, and an output warning circuit. Having the adaptive characteristic of detection window, aging sensor is able to adjust its NBTI effects and improve the stability. Also, the sensing network supports multiple paths online detection from many SH sensors for IP chip applications. Finally, the Camellia IP layout is inserted with 20 aging sensors and is implemented under 65-nm CMOS process. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of area, power, and performance overheads. Compared with other state of the art, hardware efficiency is increased by 46%, and energy is decreased by about 37%.
{"title":"Design of SH Aging Sensor for Real Time and Application in Sensing Network","authors":"Zhang Yuejun, Luan Zhicun, Ding Dailu, Wang Pengjun, Li Zhen, Li Liwei","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2019.2947573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2019.2947573","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important issues in deep nanoscale regime CMOS circuits is related to the time-dependent performance degradation caused by negative bias temperature instability (NBTI). The integration of online aging sensor is becoming attractive methodologies in monitoring performance degradation of circuit. The sensor can generate a warning signal, early warning of the occurrence of aging faults, to avoid unnecessary losses. To accurately capture the aging fault, a real-time aging sensor is proposed with mirror extraction setup and hold (SH) time method. The proposed aging sensor, which is on the basis of the standard flip-flop (FF), consists of an additional edge detector circuit, a detection window generator circuit, and an output warning circuit. Having the adaptive characteristic of detection window, aging sensor is able to adjust its NBTI effects and improve the stability. Also, the sensing network supports multiple paths online detection from many SH sensors for IP chip applications. Finally, the Camellia IP layout is inserted with 20 aging sensors and is implemented under 65-nm CMOS process. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of area, power, and performance overheads. Compared with other state of the art, hardware efficiency is increased by 46%, and energy is decreased by about 37%.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":"43 1","pages":"73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2019.2947573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62192905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2020.2970144
Nikki Pelchat, Craig M. Gelowitz
Music genre classification utilizing neural networks (NNs) has achieved some limited success in recent years. Differences in song libraries, machine learning techniques, input formats, and types of NNs implemented have all had varying levels of success. This article reviews some of the machine learning techniques utilized in this area. It also presents research work on music genre classification. The research uses images of spectrograms generated from timeslices of songs as the input into an NN to classify the songs into their respective musical genres.
{"title":"Neural Network Music Genre Classification","authors":"Nikki Pelchat, Craig M. Gelowitz","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2020.2970144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2020.2970144","url":null,"abstract":"Music genre classification utilizing neural networks (NNs) has achieved some limited success in recent years. Differences in song libraries, machine learning techniques, input formats, and types of NNs implemented have all had varying levels of success. This article reviews some of the machine learning techniques utilized in this area. It also presents research work on music genre classification. The research uses images of spectrograms generated from timeslices of songs as the input into an NN to classify the songs into their respective musical genres.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":"43 1","pages":"170-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2020.2970144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62193365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2020.2973627
A. Ahmed, A. A. Alkheir, H. Mouftah
Sequential reporting has the potential of reducing the duration of the reporting phase of the cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) schemes, thereby increasing the overall system throughput. In this article, we study decision-based CSS using random medium-access sequential reporting and a K-out-of-M decision rule at the fusion center. Closed-form expressions are derived for the detection and false alarm probabilities as well as the average reporting time of two early termination sequential reporting schemes, assuming a reporting channel shared with the primary user (PU). Furthermore, a heuristic energy-based reporting priority scheme that favors cognitive radio (CR) terminals based on their capacity to detect the PU is proposed. Computer simulations are used to assess the accuracy of the derived expressions and to evaluate the proposed heuristic reporting priority scheme.
{"title":"Decision-Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Using Random Medium-Access Sequential Reporting","authors":"A. Ahmed, A. A. Alkheir, H. Mouftah","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2020.2973627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2020.2973627","url":null,"abstract":"Sequential reporting has the potential of reducing the duration of the reporting phase of the cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) schemes, thereby increasing the overall system throughput. In this article, we study decision-based CSS using random medium-access sequential reporting and a K-out-of-M decision rule at the fusion center. Closed-form expressions are derived for the detection and false alarm probabilities as well as the average reporting time of two early termination sequential reporting schemes, assuming a reporting channel shared with the primary user (PU). Furthermore, a heuristic energy-based reporting priority scheme that favors cognitive radio (CR) terminals based on their capacity to detect the PU is proposed. Computer simulations are used to assess the accuracy of the derived expressions and to evaluate the proposed heuristic reporting priority scheme.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":"43 1","pages":"181-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2020.2973627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62193450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2020.3005226
Jianxiong Li, Deming Li, Xianguo Li
Based on the optimized coprime array (OpCA), we propose a real-valued Toeplitz matrix method. This article analyzes the feasibility of converting the manifold matrix of a virtual domain constructed from a physical array into a real-valued matrix, and the unitary estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique is introduced to transform the equivalent received signal rearranged Toeplitz matrix into a real-valued matrix and obtain directions of arrival (DOAs). Moreover, the proposed method offers higher estimation accuracy. Simulations are demonstrated to prove the validity of this method.
{"title":"A Real-Valued Toeplitz Matrix Method for DOA Estimation","authors":"Jianxiong Li, Deming Li, Xianguo Li","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2020.3005226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2020.3005226","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the optimized coprime array (OpCA), we propose a real-valued Toeplitz matrix method. This article analyzes the feasibility of converting the manifold matrix of a virtual domain constructed from a physical array into a real-valued matrix, and the unitary estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique is introduced to transform the equivalent received signal rearranged Toeplitz matrix into a real-valued matrix and obtain directions of arrival (DOAs). Moreover, the proposed method offers higher estimation accuracy. Simulations are demonstrated to prove the validity of this method.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":"43 1","pages":"350-356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2020.3005226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62193547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2020.2969644
S. Komeylian, F. Mohammadi
The framework for designing and fabricating a slow-light waveguide structure with conical Swiss roll metamaterial core at Terahertz frequencies has been carried out in this article. In the earliest work, theoretical backgrounds based on Maxwell’s equations have been developed for anisotropic single-negative permeability slab waveguides and anisotropic metamaterial slab waveguides. Subsequently, simulation results fulfilled by the MATLAB programming tool verify extremely low group velocities in the aforementioned slab waveguides in the Terahertz regime frequency. A volumetric conical Swiss roll metamaterial has been proposed as a practical achievement for slow-light waveguides. Dispersion characteristics of the electromagnetic waves in the proposed conical Swiss roll metamaterial have been investigated using the CST simulation tool in Terahertz frequencies. Furthermore, a 2-D dispersion diagram fulfilled by CST and MATLAB validates highly electromagnetic field concentration as well as the presence of backward waves in the conical Swiss roll configuration.
{"title":"Conical Swiss Roll Metamaterial Application for Slow-Light Waveguides","authors":"S. Komeylian, F. Mohammadi","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2020.2969644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2020.2969644","url":null,"abstract":"The framework for designing and fabricating a slow-light waveguide structure with conical Swiss roll metamaterial core at Terahertz frequencies has been carried out in this article. In the earliest work, theoretical backgrounds based on Maxwell’s equations have been developed for anisotropic single-negative permeability slab waveguides and anisotropic metamaterial slab waveguides. Subsequently, simulation results fulfilled by the MATLAB programming tool verify extremely low group velocities in the aforementioned slab waveguides in the Terahertz regime frequency. A volumetric conical Swiss roll metamaterial has been proposed as a practical achievement for slow-light waveguides. Dispersion characteristics of the electromagnetic waves in the proposed conical Swiss roll metamaterial have been investigated using the CST simulation tool in Terahertz frequencies. Furthermore, a 2-D dispersion diagram fulfilled by CST and MATLAB validates highly electromagnetic field concentration as well as the presence of backward waves in the conical Swiss roll configuration.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":"43 1","pages":"163-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2020.2969644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62193302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2020.2966114
M. Z. Ali, Xiaodong Liang
In this article, a threshold-based induction motor fault diagnosis method is proposed using the measured stator current signal. A 0.25-HP three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor fed directly online is tested in the laboratory with various single- and multielectrical faults under six different loading conditions. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is chosen as the signal processing technique for the measured stator currents. The threshold and energy values at each decomposition level of the DWT processing results are evaluated. Threshold values appear to be more consistent than energy values at different measured data windows, and thus, the threshold at the decomposition level d8 is chosen as a fault indicator. Curve fitting equations are developed to calculate threshold values for the motor loadings that were not tested in experiments. The suitability using threshold values for induction motor fault diagnosis is further validated using two probabilistic methods, the correlation analysis and the confidence interval estimation.
{"title":"Threshold-Based Induction Motors Single- and Multifaults Diagnosis Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Measured Stator Current Signal","authors":"M. Z. Ali, Xiaodong Liang","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2020.2966114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2020.2966114","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a threshold-based induction motor fault diagnosis method is proposed using the measured stator current signal. A 0.25-HP three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor fed directly online is tested in the laboratory with various single- and multielectrical faults under six different loading conditions. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is chosen as the signal processing technique for the measured stator currents. The threshold and energy values at each decomposition level of the DWT processing results are evaluated. Threshold values appear to be more consistent than energy values at different measured data windows, and thus, the threshold at the decomposition level d8 is chosen as a fault indicator. Curve fitting equations are developed to calculate threshold values for the motor loadings that were not tested in experiments. The suitability using threshold values for induction motor fault diagnosis is further validated using two probabilistic methods, the correlation analysis and the confidence interval estimation.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":"43 1","pages":"136-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2020.2966114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62193025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2019.2917394
Simon Ferrari, Yaoping Hu, R. Martinuzzi
Turbulent fluid flow data are often 4-D, spatially and temporally complex, and require specific techniques for visualization. Common visualization techniques neglect the temporal aspect of this data, limiting the ability to convey feature motion, or offering the user a complicated visualization. To remedy this, we present an approach—evolution surfaces—focused on the spatiotemporal rendering of user-selected flow features (i.e., vortices). By abstracting the spatial representation of these features, the approach renders their spatiotemporal behavior with reduced visual complexity. The behavior of vortex features is presented as surfaces, with textures indicating properties of motion and evolution events (e.g., bifurcation and amalgamation) represented by the surface topology. We evaluated the approach on two data sets generated from empirical measurement and computational simulation (Re = 28 000 and Re = 1200, respectively). Our approach’s focus on handling evolution events makes it capable of visualizing higher Reynolds number (Re) flows than other surface-based techniques. This approach has been assessed by fluid dynamicists to assert the validity for flow analysis. Evolution surfaces offer a compact visualization of spatiotemporal vortex behaviors, opening potential avenues for exploration and analysis of fluid flows.
{"title":"Evolution Surfaces for Spatiotemporal Visualization of Vortex Features","authors":"Simon Ferrari, Yaoping Hu, R. Martinuzzi","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2019.2917394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2019.2917394","url":null,"abstract":"Turbulent fluid flow data are often 4-D, spatially and temporally complex, and require specific techniques for visualization. Common visualization techniques neglect the temporal aspect of this data, limiting the ability to convey feature motion, or offering the user a complicated visualization. To remedy this, we present an approach—evolution surfaces—focused on the spatiotemporal rendering of user-selected flow features (i.e., vortices). By abstracting the spatial representation of these features, the approach renders their spatiotemporal behavior with reduced visual complexity. The behavior of vortex features is presented as surfaces, with textures indicating properties of motion and evolution events (e.g., bifurcation and amalgamation) represented by the surface topology. We evaluated the approach on two data sets generated from empirical measurement and computational simulation (Re = 28 000 and Re = 1200, respectively). Our approach’s focus on handling evolution events makes it capable of visualizing higher Reynolds number (Re) flows than other surface-based techniques. This approach has been assessed by fluid dynamicists to assert the validity for flow analysis. Evolution surfaces offer a compact visualization of spatiotemporal vortex behaviors, opening potential avenues for exploration and analysis of fluid flows.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":"43 1","pages":"30-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2019.2917394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62193263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2020.2968546
F. J. Dian, R. Vahidnia
We present a novel scheme to formulate the throughput and the average number of successfully transmitted packets in a multinode Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) platform during each connection event. In this scheme, the wireless link is considered to be error prone which leads to the existence of uncorrelated bit error. Our proposed scheme considers factors that cause a connection event to close. The effect of master’s scheduling algorithm and BLE parameters on this scheme are also discussed to establish a comprehensive study on finding the throughput of a peripheral node in a BLE network. It is clear that an analytical model to formulate the throughput of a node offers a beneficial guideline for understanding the BLE throughput and ultimately the types of applications for which BLE technology would be a suitable option. We performed extensive experiments on the BLE v4.2 platform to investigate the throughput of a BLE node in a multipacket data transmission during a connection event. The results of our experimental study show some of the deficiencies that exist in the existing BLE devices such as the limitation on the maximum allowable packets during a connection event or the design of the scheduling process used by the central node.
{"title":"Formulation of BLE Throughput Based on Node and Link Parameters","authors":"F. J. Dian, R. Vahidnia","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2020.2968546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2020.2968546","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel scheme to formulate the throughput and the average number of successfully transmitted packets in a multinode Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) platform during each connection event. In this scheme, the wireless link is considered to be error prone which leads to the existence of uncorrelated bit error. Our proposed scheme considers factors that cause a connection event to close. The effect of master’s scheduling algorithm and BLE parameters on this scheme are also discussed to establish a comprehensive study on finding the throughput of a peripheral node in a BLE network. It is clear that an analytical model to formulate the throughput of a node offers a beneficial guideline for understanding the BLE throughput and ultimately the types of applications for which BLE technology would be a suitable option. We performed extensive experiments on the BLE v4.2 platform to investigate the throughput of a BLE node in a multipacket data transmission during a connection event. The results of our experimental study show some of the deficiencies that exist in the existing BLE devices such as the limitation on the maximum allowable packets during a connection event or the design of the scheduling process used by the central node.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":"43 1","pages":"261-272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2020.2968546","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62193283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the construction of QAM Golay complementary sequence pairs (CSPs) based on standard binary Golay–Davis–Jedwab (GDJ) CSPs. In order to guarantee that the proposed construction produces QAM Golay CSPs, a sufficient condition that the coefficients of offsets should satisfy is developed, which is fit for finding all the coefficients by a computer. In particular, all the coefficients of offsets over the 64- and 256-QAM constellations are given. The proposed construction includes Zeng’s and Ma et al.’s ones as special cases. The inputs of resultant sequence pairs are binary signals rather than quaternary ones, which means that the resulting sequences are fit for such QAM systems that merely depend on binary inputs. The obtained QAM Golay CSPs can be applied to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems so as to reduce peak envelope power of their signals.
{"title":"A Sufficient Condition for General QAM Complementary Sequence Pairs","authors":"F. Zeng, Yue Zeng, Lisheng Zhang, Xiping He, Guixin Xuan, Zhenyu Zhang","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2019.2920896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2019.2920896","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the construction of QAM Golay complementary sequence pairs (CSPs) based on standard binary Golay–Davis–Jedwab (GDJ) CSPs. In order to guarantee that the proposed construction produces QAM Golay CSPs, a sufficient condition that the coefficients of offsets should satisfy is developed, which is fit for finding all the coefficients by a computer. In particular, all the coefficients of offsets over the 64- and 256-QAM constellations are given. The proposed construction includes Zeng’s and Ma et al.’s ones as special cases. The inputs of resultant sequence pairs are binary signals rather than quaternary ones, which means that the resulting sequences are fit for such QAM systems that merely depend on binary inputs. The obtained QAM Golay CSPs can be applied to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems so as to reduce peak envelope power of their signals.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":"43 1","pages":"43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2019.2920896","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62192808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/CJECE.2019.2904898
Arcesio Arbelaez, I. Goode, J. Gomez-Cruz, C. Escobedo, C. Saavedra
A microstrip circular patch antenna with frequency and polarization reconfigurability using liquid metal is presented. The antenna has a C-shaped slot cut at the center of the patch and reconfigurability is achieved using two putty containers and liquid metal to switch between four different states. Linear polarization (LP) is observed at 5.83 GHz when there is no liquid metal inside the containers. Depositing two liquid metal droplets in the containers yields circular polarization (CP) at 6 GHz. The right-hand CP (RHCP) is obtained when the right-most container is filled, and the left-hand CP (LHCP) is obtained when the leftmost container is filled with the liquid metal. When all containers are filled, LP is observed at 6.15 GHz. For the LP case, the antenna has a measured gain of 2.68 dB when all containers are filled and a measured gain of 3 dB when the containers are empty, and the axial ratios (ARs) are 19.65 dB (filled containers) and 23.74 dB (empty containers). When the LHCP is activated, the gain is 2.44 dB and the AR is 0.54 dB at 6 GHz. For RHCP, the gain is 2.37 dB and the AR is 1.5 dB at 6 GHz.
{"title":"Liquid Metal Reconfigurable Patch Antenna for Linear, RH, and LH Circular Polarization With Frequency Tuning","authors":"Arcesio Arbelaez, I. Goode, J. Gomez-Cruz, C. Escobedo, C. Saavedra","doi":"10.1109/CJECE.2019.2904898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2019.2904898","url":null,"abstract":"A microstrip circular patch antenna with frequency and polarization reconfigurability using liquid metal is presented. The antenna has a C-shaped slot cut at the center of the patch and reconfigurability is achieved using two putty containers and liquid metal to switch between four different states. Linear polarization (LP) is observed at 5.83 GHz when there is no liquid metal inside the containers. Depositing two liquid metal droplets in the containers yields circular polarization (CP) at 6 GHz. The right-hand CP (RHCP) is obtained when the right-most container is filled, and the left-hand CP (LHCP) is obtained when the leftmost container is filled with the liquid metal. When all containers are filled, LP is observed at 6.15 GHz. For the LP case, the antenna has a measured gain of 2.68 dB when all containers are filled and a measured gain of 3 dB when the containers are empty, and the axial ratios (ARs) are 19.65 dB (filled containers) and 23.74 dB (empty containers). When the LHCP is activated, the gain is 2.44 dB and the AR is 0.54 dB at 6 GHz. For RHCP, the gain is 2.37 dB and the AR is 1.5 dB at 6 GHz.","PeriodicalId":55287,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering-Revue Canadienne De Genie Electrique et Informatique","volume":"43 1","pages":"218-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/CJECE.2019.2904898","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62193197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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