Brain and Cognition最新文献_第2页

Kinematic handwriting impairments in olfactory dysfunction-related post-acute covid syndrome: short and long-term neurophysiological considerations 嗅觉功能障碍相关急性后冠状病毒综合征的动态书写障碍：短期和长期神经生理学考虑

IF 1.4 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106383

Clair Vandersteen , Alexandra Plonka , Alexandre Derreumaux , Magali Ramette , Magali Payne , Laurent Castillo , Nicolas Guevara , Philippe Robert , Valeria Manera , Auriane Gros

Background

Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) frequently includes persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) and may share neurocognitive features with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While fine motor impairments in handwriting are established in AD, they have not been systematically investigated in PACS.

Methods

In this prospective-retrospective study, handwriting kinematics from 30 patients with OD-related PACS were compared with those of 30 healthy participants (HP) matched for age, sex, and education. Tasks were performed on a digital tablet which automatically extracted kinematic parameters including average pressure (AVP), maximum pressure (MXP), average speed (AVS), and average jerk (AVJ) across linguistic, cognitive non-linguistic, and non-cognitive non-linguistic tasks. A separate cohort comprising 16 patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 16 matched controls was also evaluated.

Results

Patients with OD-PACS showed significantly lower AVP, MXP, AVS, and AVJ values than HP (all p < 0.01), with deficits evident across all task categories. No significant correlations were found between olfactory test scores and kinematic parameters. In contrast, AD/MCI patients exhibited higher AVP and MXP in specific tasks.

Conclusions

This first kinematic handwriting analysis in OD-PACS reveals fine motor slowing, reduced pressure, and decreased movement variability. These alterations, independent of olfactory performance, may affect the reliability of handwriting-based AD screening in this population. Longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify causality and potential reversibility.

急性后COVID-19综合征（PACS）通常包括持续性嗅觉功能障碍（OD），并可能与阿尔茨海默病（AD）具有相同的神经认知特征。虽然在AD中已经建立了书写方面的精细运动障碍，但在PACS中还没有系统的研究。方法在本前瞻性-回顾性研究中，对30例od相关PACS患者的笔迹运动学进行了比较，并与30名年龄、性别和教育程度相匹配的健康参与者（HP）进行了比较。在一个数字平板电脑上完成任务，自动提取语言、认知非语言和非认知非语言任务的运动学参数，包括平均压力（AVP）、最大压力（MXP）、平均速度（AVS）和平均加速度（AVJ）。另一个单独的队列包括16名AD或轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者和16名匹配的对照组。结果OD-PACS患者的AVP、MXP、AVS和AVJ值显著低于HP (p < 0.01)，且在所有任务类别中均存在明显缺陷。嗅觉测试成绩与运动参数之间无显著相关性。相比之下，AD/MCI患者在特定任务中表现出更高的AVP和MXP。这是OD-PACS患者的首次运动学笔迹分析，揭示了精细运动减慢、压力降低和运动变异性降低。这些独立于嗅觉表现的改变可能会影响该人群中基于笔迹的阿尔茨海默病筛查的可靠性。有必要进行纵向研究，以澄清因果关系和潜在的可逆性。

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引用次数: 0

Reading frequency and Kawaii-Related Oshikatsu: Positive correlations with gray matter volume in Indoor lifestyles 阅读频率与Kawaii-Related Oshikatsu：与室内生活方式灰质体积正相关

IF 1.4 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106381

Keisuke Kokubun , Kiyotaka Nemoto , Maya Okamoto , Yoshinori Yamakawa

Reading and kawaii-related oshikatsu (fan support activities) are among the most widely enjoyed hobbies. Previous studies have shown that gray matter volume (GMV) of the insular cortex is associated with the degree of alexithymia, which is linked to reduced mentalizing ability and motivation, and that inter- and intra-insular networks are related to reading. Similarly, studies suggest that by stimulating motivations for protection and caregiving, the insula—associated with empathy and reward processing—plays a role in responses to infants and other kawaii objects (i.e., objects perceived as cute). Building on this evidence, it is meaningful to investigate the neural basis of reading and kawaii-related oshikatsu within the insular cortex and to clarify its relationship with brain structure from a cognitive neuroscience perspective. Therefore, the present study tested the relationship using a sample of 82 healthy adults (52 men, 30 women) aged 22 to 65 years, controlling for demographic variables. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis using insular GMV as the dependent variable revealed significant positive associations with both reading frequency and kawaii-related oshikatsu. The finding suggests that these activities are not merely cognitive functions but are closely linked to social-cognitive processes essential for human survival, such as emotional processing, mentalizing, and nurturing behavior.

阅读和与卡哇伊相关的“粉丝支持活动”是最受欢迎的爱好。先前的研究表明，岛叶皮层的灰质体积（GMV）与述情障碍的程度有关，述情障碍与心智化能力和动机的降低有关，岛叶间和岛叶内网络与阅读有关。同样，研究表明，通过刺激保护和照顾的动机，与同理心和奖励处理相关的脑岛在对婴儿和其他卡哇伊物体（即被认为可爱的物体）的反应中发挥了作用。在此基础上，从认知神经科学的角度研究阅读和卡哇伊相关的岛叶皮层的神经基础，并阐明其与大脑结构的关系，具有重要意义。因此，本研究使用82名年龄在22至65岁的健康成年人（52名男性，30名女性）的样本来检验这种关系，控制人口统计学变量。以岛岛GMV为因变量的分层多元回归分析显示，阅读频率和kawaii相关的偏喜都有显著的正相关。这一发现表明，这些活动不仅仅是认知功能，而且与人类生存所必需的社会认知过程密切相关，比如情绪处理、心理化和培养行为。

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引用次数: 0

Frontal Power Spectrum Density in Emotional Video Viewing: Associations with Depression in Healthy Elderly and Mild Cognitive Impairment 情绪视频观看的额叶功率谱密度：与健康老年人抑郁和轻度认知障碍的关系

IF 1.4 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106382

Laura Catalano , Francesco Panico , Antonio Maffei , Sharon Mara Luciano , Anna Visciglio , Pasquale Russo , Mario Liotti , Luigi Trojano , Laura Sagliano

In neurodegenerative conditions, such as Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), emotional processing is often impaired, but analogous impairments are linked to depressive symptoms, which are particularly relevant in the elderly and could represent an independent risk factor for development of dementia. This study examined frontal Power Spectral Density (PSD) in alpha, beta, and theta frequency bands in MCI and healthy participants (HP) at rest and during emotional video-viewing (positive vs negative, as compared to neutral). Moreover, the relationships between PSD and depressive symptoms were also assessed separately within each group. The results revealed significant group differences in PSD across resting-state and video-viewing conditions. MCI patients exhibited higher beta power compared to HP, above all in Right hemisphere. HP, but not MCI patients, showed significant hemispheric asymmetries (Left > Right). Notably, EEG power, specifically in theta band and particularly during emotional processing, positively correlated with depressive symptomatology in HP and MCI groups. These findings suggest a relationship between PSD and depressive symptoms in healthy ageing and neurodegenerative conditions. They also support the study of EEG biomarkers for early identification and monitoring of treatment of late-life depression and cognitive decline.

在神经退行性疾病中，如轻度认知障碍（MCI），情绪处理往往受损，但类似的损伤与抑郁症状有关，这在老年人中尤其相关，可能是痴呆症发展的一个独立风险因素。本研究检测了轻度认知障碍参与者和健康参与者（HP）在休息和情绪化观看视频时的α、β和θ频段的额叶功率谱密度（PSD）（正、负、中性）。此外，还在每组内分别评估PSD与抑郁症状之间的关系。结果显示，在静息状态和视频观看条件下，PSD的组间差异显著。与HP相比，MCI患者表现出更高的β能力，尤其是右半球。HP患者表现出明显的半球不对称，而MCI患者则没有（左>；右）。值得注意的是，脑电图功率，特别是theta波段，特别是在情绪处理期间，与HP和MCI组的抑郁症状呈正相关。这些发现表明，在健康衰老和神经退行性疾病中，PSD与抑郁症状之间存在关系。他们还支持脑电图生物标志物的研究，用于早期识别和监测晚年抑郁症和认知能力下降的治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Neural correlates of form- and meaning-based predictability during speech perception 语言感知中基于形式和意义的可预测性的神经关联。

IF 1.4 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106379

Carine Signoret, Josefine Andin, Örjan Dahlström

The processing of degraded speech can be facilitated by giving people access to its content beforehand, a phenomenon known as the “pop-out effect”. This study investigates the neural correlates of this effect, focusing on the distinct contributions of predictability based on the form at the word level, or based on the meaning of the sentence level. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined how these two types of predictability influence speech perception in normal-hearing listeners. Participants were exposed to noise-vocoded speech, with varying levels of intelligibility, and provided with either matching or non-matching visual text cues. Our findings reveal that form-based representations primarily engage the auditory cortex (superior temporal gyrus and sulcus), while meaning-based representations predominantly activate higher levels of language processing regions, such as the left inferior frontal gyrus. These results suggest that form- and meaning-based representations operate through additive top-down and integrative mechanisms, enhancing speech perception by leveraging top-down processes to organise auditory input. This study provides valuable insights into the neural mechanisms underlying speech perception and has implications for developing interventions to support individuals with auditory processing difficulties.

通过让人们提前接触到语音内容，可以促进对退化语音的处理，这种现象被称为“弹出效应”。本研究调查了这种影响的神经相关因素，重点关注基于单词级别形式或基于句子级别意义的可预测性的不同贡献。使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI），我们研究了这两种类型的可预测性如何影响正常听力听众的言语感知。参与者被暴露在噪音编码的语音中，具有不同的可理解程度，并提供匹配或不匹配的视觉文本提示。我们的研究结果表明，基于形式的表征主要涉及听觉皮层（颞上回和颞沟），而基于意义的表征主要激活更高水平的语言处理区域，如左侧额下回。这些结果表明，基于形式和意义的表征通过自顶向下和整合的机制运作，通过利用自顶向下的过程来组织听觉输入，从而增强语音感知。本研究为言语感知的神经机制提供了有价值的见解，并对开发支持听觉处理困难个体的干预措施具有启示意义。

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引用次数: 0

Age-related spatial discrimination: Investigating hippocampal structural foundations 年龄相关的空间歧视：研究海马结构基础。

IF 1.4 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106380

Ji Wu , Jia-Xin Zhang , Hui-Jie Li

Spatial discrimination is a key cognitive skill for navigating everyday environments, and a decline in spatial discrimination is considered an early sign of pathological aging. The present study aimed to explore the aging mechanisms of spatial discrimination ability for overlapping and non-overlapping routes and its hippocampal structural basis. Sixty participants (30 young adults and 30 older adults) participated in this study. They performed a passive navigation task that required learning and discriminating four different partly overlapping routes, including both overlapping and non-overlapping segments. Moreover, all participants received structural MRI scans. The volumes of the hippocampus and its four subfields, CA1 (cornu ammonis 1), CA2/3 (cornu ammonis 2/3), CA4/DG (cornu ammonis 4/dentate gyrus), and subiculum, were extracted. The results showed that older adults performed worse than young adults on all behavioral measures of spatial discrimination, including reaction time and accuracy of the whole route, overlapping route, and non-overlapping route. However, both age groups showed improved performance with increased learning blocks. Hippocampal subfields volume reductions occurred in CA4/DG (p = 0.002, η² = 0.166), while CA1 showed a marginal trend toward atrophy (p = 0.053, η² = 0.065), CA2/3 (p = 0.363, η² = 0.015) and subiculum (p = 0.142, η² = 0.038) remained preserved. Smaller hippocampal volume correlated with slower overlapping route reaction time (r = −0.399) and smaller CA4/DG correlated with lower non-overlapping route accuracy (r = 0.386). Mediation analysis revealed that hippocampus volume mediated the relationship between age and the reaction time of overlapping route, and CA4/DG volume mediated the relationship between age and the accuracy of non-overlapping route. The results demonstrate a decrement in spatial discrimination in older adults, and the structural atrophy in hippocampus and subfield CA4/DG may be the underlying mechanism of this decline. These findings demonstrate subfield-specific mediation effects in a passive navigation paradigm, highlighting CA4/DG as a potential biomarker for age-related spatial discrimination deficits and advancing understanding of the hippocampal structural basis of spatial cognitive decline.

空间辨别能力是在日常环境中导航的一项关键认知技能，空间辨别能力的下降被认为是病理性衰老的早期迹象。本研究旨在探讨重叠和非重叠通路空间辨别能力的衰老机制及其海马结构基础。60名参与者（30名年轻人和30名老年人）参加了这项研究。他们执行了一个被动导航任务，需要学习和区分四个不同的部分重叠的路线，包括重叠和不重叠的路段。此外，所有参与者都接受了结构MRI扫描。提取海马及其四个亚区CA1（羊角1）、CA2/3（羊角2/3）、CA4/DG（羊角4/齿状回）和托下体积。结果表明，老年人在全路线、重叠路线和非重叠路线的反应时间和准确度等空间辨别行为指标上的表现均低于年轻人。然而，随着学习障碍的增加，两个年龄组的表现都有所提高。CA4/DG海马亚区体积减小（p = 0.002, η2 = 0.166）， CA1呈边缘萎缩趋势（p = 0.053, η2 = 0.065）， CA2/3 （p = 0.363, η2 = 0.015）和下骨（p = 0.142, η2 = 0.038）保留。海马体积越小，重叠路径反应时间越慢（r = -0.399）， CA4/DG越小，非重叠路径准确性越低（r = 0.386）。中介分析发现，海马体积介导年龄与重叠路径反应时间之间的关系，CA4/DG体积介导年龄与非重叠路径准确性之间的关系。结果表明，老年人空间辨别能力下降，海马和CA4/DG亚区结构萎缩可能是导致这种下降的潜在机制。这些研究结果表明，CA4/DG在被动导航范式中具有子域特异性中介作用，是年龄相关空间辨别缺陷的潜在生物标志物，并促进了对空间认知衰退的海马结构基础的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Neural insights into observational drawing: A longitudinal resting state functional connectivity study using 7 t MRI 观察性绘画的神经洞察力：使用7 t MRI进行纵向静息状态功能连接研究

IF 1.4 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106376

Apoorva Safai , Jeffrey S. Katz , Barbara Bondy , Gopikrishna Deshpande

Observational drawing is a freehand accurate depiction of directly observed three-dimensional objects, which demands fine-grained visual analysis and sensorimotor translation through engagement of complex cognitive processes like perception, attention, visuomotor coordination, and aesthetic evaluation. Trait attributes of observational drawing that can be captured through resting state functional connectivity are largely unexplored, and limited to examining specific functional networks. This reductionist approach overlooks coalesce of different brain networks at rest to support multifaceted demands of sustained artistic practice. This longitudinal exploratory study assessed whole brain resting state functional connectivity (FC) to elucidate the global functional brain changes related to training of observational drawing, in undergraduate art students (n = 32) participating in 16-week observational drawing course, compared to control group of non-art students (n = 19), using high resolution functional MRI. Our findings showed that sustained engagement in observational drawing leads to significant brain plasticity. Specifically, we observed enhanced FC within and between the cerebellar, default mode, and salience networks regions implicated in complex motor coordination, cognitive processing, and attentional control. This research provides insights into neural mechanisms that support the development of artistic abilities like observational drawing and its potential role as a low-cost, accessible intervention for therapeutic applications in neurological and behavioural disorders.

观察绘画是对直接观察到的三维物体的徒手准确描绘，它需要细致的视觉分析和感觉运动翻译，通过参与复杂的认知过程，如感知、注意、视觉运动协调和审美评价。可以通过静息状态功能连接捕获的观察性绘图的特征属性在很大程度上未被探索，并且仅限于检查特定的功能网络。这种还原论的方法忽略了不同大脑网络在休息时的结合，以支持持续艺术实践的多方面需求。本纵向探索性研究评估了全脑静息状态功能连通性（FC），以阐明与观察性绘画训练相关的整体脑功能变化，研究对象是参加16周观察性绘画课程的艺术系本科生（n = 32），与对照组的非艺术系学生（n = 19）相比。我们的研究结果表明，持续参与观察绘画会导致显著的大脑可塑性。具体来说，我们观察到小脑、默认模式和突出网络区域内和之间的FC增强，这些区域涉及复杂的运动协调、认知加工和注意力控制。这项研究提供了对神经机制的见解，支持艺术能力的发展，如观察绘画，以及它作为一种低成本的潜在作用，可用于神经和行为障碍的治疗应用。

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引用次数: 0

Disturbing the sound of silence: Bilateral temporal cortex stimulation and auditory mental imagery 扰乱沉默的声音：双侧颞叶皮层刺激和听觉心理意象

IF 1.4 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106378

Benedetta Rollo, Gianluca Malatesta, Anita D’Anselmo, Chiara Lucafò, Luca Tommasi

Auditory imagery depends on temporal–cortical mechanisms that generate and sustain internal sound representations. If these mechanisms are causally involved, externally perturbing temporal cortex should alter the quality of imagery. We tested whether bilateral high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS) over temporal cortex alters the vividness and control of auditory imagery. Forty-nine healthy adults completed two sessions on separate days, receiving Active hf-tRNS in one session and Sham in the other (order counterbalanced). The Bucknell Auditory Imagery Scale (BAIS; Vividness and Control subscales) was administered as two parallel half-forms to avoid item repetition; across the two sessions each participant completed the full BAIS, and the half-form paired with the Active session was counterbalanced across participants. Results showed reduced Control ratings under Active hf-tRNS compared with Sham, while Vividness showed a similar but weaker pattern. The effect was independent of which half was completed during Active hf-tRNS, the day-to-half mapping, the stimulation order, or prior musical training. These findings indicate that bilateral hf-tRNS can transiently disrupt the volitional control of internally generated auditory representations, plausibly by perturbing temporal-cortical dynamics that support auditory imagery.

听觉意象依赖于产生和维持内部声音表征的时间-皮层机制。如果这些机制有因果关系，外部干扰颞叶皮层应该会改变图像的质量。我们测试了双侧颞叶皮层高频经颅随机噪声刺激（hf-tRNS）是否会改变听觉图像的生动性和控制力。49名健康成年人在不同的日子完成了两个疗程，一个疗程接受活跃的hf-tRNS，另一个疗程接受Sham（顺序平衡）。巴克内尔听觉意象量表（BAIS；生动性和控制性分量表）作为两个平行的半表格进行管理，以避免项目重复；在两个会话中，每个参与者都完成了完整的BAIS，并且半形式与积极会话配对在参与者之间是平衡的。结果显示，与Sham相比，Active hf-tRNS组控制性评分降低，而vivid - trns组表现出类似但较弱的模式。这一效果与活跃hf-tRNS、日-半映射、刺激顺序或先前的音乐训练中哪一半完成无关。这些发现表明，双侧高频trns可能通过干扰支持听觉意象的颞皮质动力学，暂时破坏内部产生的听觉表征的意志控制。

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引用次数: 0

The neural response of the prefrontal cortex varies with the color difference in binocular rivalry: Evidence from fNIRS 前额叶皮层的神经反应随双眼竞争的颜色差异而变化：来自近红外光谱的证据

IF 1.4 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106377

Chunhua Deng , Mengshi Dai , Xuesong Jin , Lijun Yun , Zaiqing Chen Dr.

Binocular color rivalry, a classical paradigm of visual conflict, provides a unique window into perceptual competition and cognitive control processes. In this study, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate how the prefrontal cortex (PFC) dynamically responds to increasing the color difference in binocular rivalry and to determine the relationship between these neural responses and behaviors. Results revealed a nonlinear pattern of PFC activation with increasing the color difference, accompanied by posterior shifts in perceptual centroids and reductions in reaction time (RT), suggesting a tight coupling between perceptual processing and behavioral responses. Notably, centroid-based analysis proved more sensitive than traditional mean-based measures, revealing that the frontopolar area (FPA) exhibited significant differences even with small increases in dichoptic color differences, highlighting its role in finely monitoring perceptual competition. In contrast, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) showed significant engagement only when dichoptic color differences increased substantially, suggesting that it is primarily recruited for allocating attentional resources under stronger perceptual conflict. These findings illuminate how distinct PFC subregions contribute to the integration of perceptual and cognitive processes during visual conflict, offering new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the coordination of sensory and cognitive information.

双目颜色竞争是视觉冲突的经典范式，为研究知觉竞争和认知控制过程提供了一个独特的窗口。在这项研究中，我们使用功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）研究了前额叶皮层（PFC）对双目竞争中增加色差的动态反应，并确定了这些神经反应与行为之间的关系。结果显示，PFC的激活呈非线性模式，随着色差的增加，知觉质心后移和反应时间（RT）的减少，表明知觉加工与行为反应之间存在紧密耦合。值得注意的是，基于质心的分析被证明比传统的基于均值的测量更敏感，这表明即使双视色差小幅增加，额极区（FPA）也表现出显著差异，突出了其在精细监测感知竞争中的作用。相反，背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）只有在双色差异显著增加时才表现出显著的参与，这表明它主要是在更强的知觉冲突下分配注意资源。这些发现阐明了不同的PFC亚区如何在视觉冲突中促进知觉和认知过程的整合，为了解感觉和认知信息协调的神经机制提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

From ancient fears to airborne threats: fMRI insights into neural fear responses 从远古的恐惧到空中的威胁：功能磁共振成像对神经恐惧反应的洞察。

IF 1.4 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106371

Silvie Rádlová , Anna Pidnebesna , Aleksandra Chomik , David Tomeček , Jaroslav Hlinka , Daniel Frynta , Eva Landová

Threat perception is a fundamental aspect of human cognition, shaped by evolutionary pressures and modern environmental demands. While ancestral threats (e.g., snakes) have been shown to elicit stronger neural responses than modern threats (e.g., guns), less is known about how the brain processes airborne threats, such as depictions of individuals wearing face masks. This fMRI study investigates neural responses to ancestral, modern, and airborne threats to identify shared and distinct activation patterns.

Sixty participants viewed visual stimuli from the three categories while undergoing fMRI scanning. Results showed heightened activation in the fear-processing network for all affective stimuli. In addition, activation of the ventral attention network was found for the ancestral threats. Modern threats elicited less intense responses, primarily engaging cortical regions associated with context-specific analysis. Notably, airborne threats elicited neural responses of similar intensity to ancestral threats but activated cortical regions overlapping with those for modern threats. This dual pattern highlights the brain’s capacity to integrate evolutionary biases with socially constructed threat awareness. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing airborne threats as a unique category of threat processing, with implications for public health and mental well-being.

威胁感知是人类认知的一个基本方面，受进化压力和现代环境需求的影响。虽然祖先的威胁（如蛇）比现代的威胁（如枪）能引起更强烈的神经反应，但对于大脑如何处理空气中的威胁，比如对戴着面具的人的描绘，我们所知甚少。这项fMRI研究调查了神经对祖先、现代和空气传播威胁的反应，以确定共同的和不同的激活模式。60名参与者在接受fMRI扫描的同时观看了来自这三类的视觉刺激。结果显示，在所有情感刺激下，恐惧处理网络的激活都增强了。此外，腹侧注意网络对祖先威胁的激活也被发现。现代威胁引发的反应不那么强烈，主要涉及与特定情境分析相关的皮层区域。值得注意的是，空中威胁引起的神经反应强度与祖先威胁相似，但激活的皮质区域与现代威胁重叠。这种双重模式突出了大脑将进化偏见与社会构建的威胁意识相结合的能力。这些发现强调了将空中威胁视为威胁处理的独特类别的重要性，这对公众健康和心理健康具有影响。

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引用次数: 0

Altered brain activity during working memory in adult patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis 抗nmdar脑炎成年患者工作记忆期间脑活动的改变

IF 1.4 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106364

Jiajia Zhou , Zhongqin Chen , Zheng Li , Dengchang Wu , Caihong Ji , Chunjie Wang , Benyan Luo , Kang Wang

Objective

Working memory (WM) deficits persist as core sequelae in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis despite clinical recovery. This study investigated whether dysregulated neural dynamics in the executive control (ECN) and default mode networks (DMN) underlie WM dysfunction in adult patients with post-acute anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Methods

Twenty-six post-acute anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients and twenty-three healthy controls (HCs) completed a visuospatial n-back task assessing WM during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning.

Results

Behavioral metrics demonstrated compromised n-back task accuracy in the patient cohort. Compared to HCs, neuroimaging analyses revealed hyperactivation patterns within frontal, motor and parietal regions of the ECN in patients during the visuospatial n-back task. In addition, patients showed significantly greater deactivation in cingulate, temporal and paracentral regions of the DMN. Crucially, brain activation of the ECN was significantly and positively related to visuospatial WM performance in the patients. A mediation analysis showed that the group difference in visuospatial WM performance was buffered by task-related brain activation.

Interpretation

These results suggest that WM deficits reflect compensatory ECN hyperactivation and DMN deactivation in patients in the post-acute phase of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. These findings may provide neural biomarkers for NMDAR-mediated network dysfunction and advance mechanistic insight into cognitive dysfunction in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

目的：抗n -甲基- d -天冬氨酸受体（anti-NMDAR）脑炎患者的工作记忆（WM）缺陷作为核心后遗症持续存在，尽管临床已恢复。本研究调查了急性抗nmdar脑炎成年患者的执行控制（ECN）和默认模式网络（DMN）的神经动力学失调是否导致WM功能障碍。方法26例急性抗nmdar脑炎患者和23例健康对照（HCs）在功能磁共振成像（fMRI）扫描中完成一项评估WM的视觉空间n-back任务。结果：在患者队列中，行为指标显示n-back任务准确性受损。与hc相比，神经影像学分析显示，在视觉空间n-back任务期间，患者的ECN额叶、运动和顶叶区域存在过度激活模式。此外，患者在DMN的扣带区、颞区和中央旁区表现出明显更大的失活。至关重要的是，脑内神经网络的激活与患者的视觉空间WM表现显著正相关。一项中介分析表明，组间在视觉空间WM表现上的差异被任务相关的脑激活所缓冲。这些结果表明，在抗nmdar脑炎急性期后，WM缺陷反映了代偿性ECN过度激活和DMN失活。这些发现可能为nmdar介导的网络功能障碍提供神经生物标志物，并推进抗nmdar脑炎认知功能障碍的机制研究。

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