Brain and Cognition最新文献_第2页

Early environmental influences on brain development and executive function. 早期环境对大脑发育和执行功能的影响。

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106241

Bonnie Alberry, Patrícia Pelufo Silveira

引用次数: 0

Ear to the ground! socioeconomic status, environmental stress, and the neural substrate of selective attention 耳听八方！社会经济地位、环境压力和选择性注意的神经基础。

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106242

Amedeo D’Angiulli , Shanine Kamgang , Rachelle Humes , Keren Ighalo , Renee Baysarowich

We reanalyzed data originally published by Berman and Friedman (1995), who recorded event related potentials (ERPs) while children and adults with low, medium, and high socioeconomic status (SES) detected oddball auditory targets (tones and consonant–vowel sequences) among distractors. The ERP differential measuring how much attention was allocated to the targets vs. distractors increased significantly with SES, independently of age. To explain these findings, we integrate the ear to the ground hypothesis and the socioenvironmental epigenetic stress approach. According to the ear to the ground hypothesis, frequent and prolonged environmental uncertainty and hazard induce low-SES children to learn adaptive over-vigilance, attending disproportionately to stimuli that are currently irrelevant but may quickly become relevant and thus require an immediate survival response. Socioenvironmental epigenetic stress refers to the bidirectional interaction between a stress-inducing environment and the impact and expression of transgenerational gene selections in low-SES contexts. Because low-SES individuals are historically under and misrepresented in research, the proposed framework contributes to increase our understanding of how socioeconomic and environmental conditions may affect neurocognitive development. This offers significant points of entry for future interventions and policies targeting macrosocial settings (i.e., education and the justice system) and microsocial ontogenetic settings (i.e., individuals and families).

我们重新分析了最初由 Berman 和 Friedman（1995 年）发表的数据，他们记录了社会经济地位（SES）低、中、高的儿童和成人在分心物中检测奇异听觉目标（音调和辅音-元音序列）时的事件相关电位（ERP）。衡量目标与干扰物之间注意力分配程度的ERP差异随着社会经济地位的提高而显著增加，与年龄无关。为了解释这些发现，我们整合了 "耳朵落地假说 "和 "社会环境表观遗传压力法"。根据 "耳听为虚 "假说，频繁和长期的环境不确定性和危险会诱使社会经济地位较低的儿童学会适应性过度警觉，过多地注意目前无关但可能很快变得相关的刺激，从而需要立即做出生存反应。社会环境表观遗传压力是指在低社会经济地位背景下，诱发压力的环境与跨代基因选择的影响和表达之间的双向互动。由于低社会经济地位的人在研究中历来被低估和误解，所提出的框架有助于加深我们对社会经济和环境条件如何影响神经认知发展的理解。这为未来针对宏观社会环境（即教育和司法系统）和微观社会本体环境（即个人和家庭）的干预措施和政策提供了重要的切入点。

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引用次数: 0

The brain under pressure: Exploring neurophysiological responses to cognitive stress 压力下的大脑：探索认知压力下的神经生理反应

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106239

S.C. Wriessnegger , M. Leitner , K. Kostoglou

Stress is an increasingly dominating part of our daily lives and higher performance requirements at work or to ourselves influence the physiological reaction of our body. Elevated stress levels can be reliably identified through electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate (HR) measurements. In this study, we examined how an arithmetic stress-inducing task impacted EEG and HR, establishing meaningful correlations between behavioral data and physiological recordings. Thirty-one healthy participants (15 females, 16 males, aged 20 to 37) willingly participated. Under time pressure, participants completed arithmetic calculations and filled out stress questionnaires before and after the task. Linear mixed effects (LME) allowed us to generate topographical association maps showing significant relations between EEG features (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma power) and factors such as task difficulty, error rate, response time, stress scores, and HR. With task difficulty, we observed left centroparietal and parieto-occipital theta power decreases, and alpha power increases. Furthermore, frontal alpha, delta and theta activity increased with error rate and relative response time, while parieto-temporo-occipital alpha power decreased. Practice effects on EEG power included increases in temporal, parietal, and parieto-occipital theta and alpha activity. HR was positively associated with frontal delta, theta and alpha power whereas frontal gamma power decreases. Significant alpha laterality scores were observed for all factors except task difficulty and relative response time, showing overall increases in left parietal regions. Significant frontal alpha asymmetries emerged with increases in error rate, sex, run number, and HR and occipital alpha asymmetries were also found with run number and HR. Additionally we explored practice effects and noted sex-related differences in EEG features, HR, and questionnaire scores. Overall, our study enhances the understanding of EEG/ECG-based mental stress detection, crucial for early interventions, personalized treatment and objective stress assessment towards the development of a neuroadaptive system.

压力在我们的日常生活中日益占据主导地位，工作中或对自己提出的更高要求会影响我们身体的生理反应。压力水平的升高可以通过脑电图（EEG）和心率（HR）测量可靠地识别出来。在本研究中，我们研究了算术压力诱导任务如何影响脑电图和心率，并在行为数据和生理记录之间建立了有意义的相关性。31 名健康参与者（15 名女性，16 名男性，年龄在 20 至 37 岁之间）自愿参加了这项研究。在时间压力下，参与者完成了算术计算，并在任务前后填写了压力问卷。线性混合效应（LME）使我们能够生成地形关联图，显示脑电图特征（δ、θ、α、β和γ功率）与任务难度、错误率、反应时间、压力评分和心率等因素之间的显著关系。随着任务难度的增加，我们观察到左顶叶和顶枕叶的θ功率下降，而α功率增加。此外，额叶α、δ和θ活动随着错误率和相对反应时间的增加而增加，而顶颞枕叶α功率则下降。练习对脑电图功率的影响包括颞叶、顶叶和顶枕叶θ和α活动的增加。心率与额叶δ、θ和α功率呈正相关，而额叶γ功率下降。除任务难度和相对反应时间外，所有因素都有显著的阿尔法侧向性得分，显示出左顶叶区域的整体增加。随着错误率、性别、运行次数和心率的增加，出现了显著的额叶α不对称，枕叶α不对称也随着运行次数和心率的增加而出现。此外，我们还探讨了练习效应，并注意到在脑电图特征、心率和问卷评分方面存在与性别相关的差异。总之，我们的研究加深了人们对基于脑电图/心电图的精神压力检测的理解，这对早期干预、个性化治疗和客观压力评估至关重要，有助于神经适应系统的开发。

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引用次数: 0

One hour walk improves inhibitory control and increases prefrontal cortex activation 一小时的步行能改善抑制控制，增加前额叶皮层的激活。

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106237

Elizabeth Roe , James McIntyre , Kell Grandjean da Costa , Julie A. Cantelon , Tad T. Brunyé , Grace E. Giles

Regular physical activity is deemed beneficial to physical, cognitive, and emotional health. Walking may be an accessible means of meeting physical activity recommendations and improving cognition. However, exercise effects on cognition are often explored at shorter durations (30 min or less), with fewer studies exploring how cognition is impacted during longer bouts of exercise. 36 (7 women) civilians and active-duty soldiers completed a VO₂ max test and two one-hour walks, one at and one below the ventilatory threshold (VT), on separate days. They completed the Go/No-Go and Task-Switching Tasks before, every 15 min during, and immediately after exercise, while wearing a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system to monitor prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity. Response speed during the Go/No-Go task was improved at VT compared to sub-VT at the expense of task accuracy. FP cortex was deactivated during exercise in the Task-Switching Task, potentially due to the increased competition for resources between the frontal cortex and movement related areas. As a result, exercise at or below VT may improve or impair cognitive performance and activation in executive function-related areas depending on the task type and exercise intensity level.

有规律的体育锻炼被认为有益于身体、认知和情绪健康。步行可能是一种既能满足体育锻炼建议又能改善认知能力的便捷方式。然而，运动对认知能力的影响通常是在较短的时间内（30 分钟或更短）进行的，很少有研究探讨在较长时间的运动中认知能力会受到怎样的影响。36 名平民和现役士兵（7 名女性）分别在不同的日子里完成了最大容氧量测试和两次一小时的步行，一次在通气阈值（VT）以下，一次在通气阈值以上。他们在运动前、运动中每隔 15 分钟和运动后立即完成了 Go/No-Go 和任务切换任务，同时佩戴了近红外光谱（NIRS）系统来监测前额叶皮层（PFC）的活动。与亚 VT 相比，VT 阶段的 Go/No-Go 任务响应速度有所提高，但任务准确性有所下降。在任务切换任务中，前额叶皮质在运动时失活，这可能是由于前额叶皮质与运动相关区域之间的资源竞争加剧所致。因此，根据任务类型和运动强度的不同，在VT或VT以下运动可能会改善或损害认知表现和执行功能相关区域的激活。

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引用次数: 0

Facing healthy and pathological aging: A systematic review of fMRI task-based studies to understand the neural mechanisms of cognitive reserve 面对健康和病理衰老：系统回顾基于 fMRI 任务的研究，了解认知储备的神经机制。

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106238

Marika Mauti , Bianca Monachesi , Giovanni Taccari , Raffaella I. Rumiati

Cognitive reserve (CR) explains the varying trajectories of cognitive decline in healthy and pathological ageing. CR is often operationalized in terms of socio-behavioural proxies that modulate cognitive performance. Individuals with higher CR are known to maintain better cognitive functions, but evidence on the underlying brain activity remains scattered. Here we review CR studies using functional MRI in young, healthy and pathologically elderly individuals. We focus on the two potential neural mechanisms of CR, neural reserve (efficiency of brain networks) and neural compensation (recruitment of additional brain regions), and the effect of different proxies on them. The results suggest increased task-related activity in different cognitive domains with age and compensation in case of difficult task and pathology. The effects of proxies lead to increased neural reserve (reduced brain activity) in both older and younger individuals. Their relationship with compensation remains unclear, largely due to the lack of young adult samples, particularly in clinical studies. These findings underscore the critical role of lifelong engagement in mentally enriching activities for preserving cognitive function during aging. New studies are encouraged to refine the CR theoretical and empirical framework, particularly regarding the measurement of socio-behavioral proxies and their relationship with cognitive decline and neural underpinning.

认知储备（CR）可以解释健康老龄化和病理老龄化过程中认知能力下降的不同轨迹。认知储备通常是通过调节认知表现的社会行为代用指标来实现的。众所周知，CR 越高的人认知功能维持得越好，但有关潜在大脑活动的证据仍很分散。在此，我们回顾了使用功能磁共振成像技术对年轻、健康和病态老年个体进行的 CR 研究。我们重点研究了 CR 的两种潜在神经机制，即神经储备（大脑网络的效率）和神经补偿（额外脑区的招募），以及不同替代物对它们的影响。研究结果表明，随着年龄的增长，不同认知领域中与任务相关的活动会增加，在遇到困难任务和病理情况时会出现补偿。在老年人和年轻人中，代用指标的影响导致神经储备增加（大脑活动减少）。它们与代偿的关系仍不清楚，这主要是由于缺乏年轻成人样本，尤其是在临床研究中。这些发现强调了终生参与丰富的智力活动对于在衰老过程中保持认知功能的关键作用。我们鼓励开展新的研究，以完善 CR 理论和实证框架，特别是关于社会行为代用指标的测量及其与认知衰退和神经基础的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Functional connectivity in procrastination and emotion regulation 拖延症和情绪调节的功能连接。

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106240

Keli Li , Rong Zhang , Tingyong Feng

Procrastination, an irrational delay of intended action, leads to numerous adverse effects in many life domains, such as low academic performance, poor mental health, and financial distress. Previous studies have revealed a substantial negative correlation between emotional regulation and procrastination. However, the neural basis for the association between emotion regulation and procrastination remains unclear. Therefore, we employed the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) methods to explore the neural substrates underlying how emotion regulation is responsible for procrastination (N = 243). In line with our hypothesis, the results showed a significant negative correlation between emotion regulation ability and procrastination. Additionally, the VBM analysis showed that emotion regulation ability was positively correlated with gray matter (GM) volumes in the right dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). The mediation analysis revealed that emotion regulation ability mediated the relationship between the GM volumes of the right dlPFC and procrastination. Furthermore, the RSFC results indicated that right dlPFC-left insula functional connectivity was positively associated with emotion regulation ability. Emotion regulation ability further mediated the relationship between the right dlPFC-left insula functional connectivity and procrastination. The current findings suggest that the neural pathway related to cognitive control over aversive emotion may be responsible for the close relationship between emotion regulation and procrastination, which provides a novel perspective for explaining the tight association between emotion regulation and procrastination.

拖延是一种非理性的延迟预期行动的行为，会在许多生活领域导致许多不良影响，如学习成绩低下、心理健康状况不佳和经济窘迫等。以往的研究表明，情绪调节与拖延之间存在很大的负相关。然而，情绪调节与拖延之间关联的神经基础仍不清楚。因此，我们采用了基于体素的形态测量（VBM）和静息态功能连接（RSFC）方法来探索情绪调节如何导致拖延的神经基底（N = 243）。结果与我们的假设一致，情绪调节能力与拖延之间存在显著的负相关。此外，VBM 分析表明，情绪调节能力与右侧背外侧前额叶皮层（dlPFC）的灰质（GM）体积呈正相关。中介分析显示，情绪调节能力中介了右侧前额叶皮质灰质体积与拖延之间的关系。此外，RSFC结果表明，右侧dlPFC-左侧岛叶功能连接与情绪调节能力呈正相关。情绪调节能力进一步介导了右侧大脑前区-左侧脑岛功能连接与拖延症之间的关系。目前的研究结果表明，与认知控制厌恶情绪相关的神经通路可能是情绪调节与拖延之间密切关系的原因，这为解释情绪调节与拖延之间的紧密联系提供了一个新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Frontal GABA levels associate with musical rhythm production in healthy aging adults 额叶 GABA 水平与健康老年人音乐节奏的产生有关

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106230

Mark K. Britton , Aaron Colverson , Ronald A. Cohen , Xavier Velez , Damon G. Lamb , Eric C. Porges , John B. Williamson

Changes in neuronal inhibition have been implicated in age-related declines in sensorimotor performance. While indirect evidence suggests that inhibitory mechanisms are also involved in rhythm entrainment, this association has not been tested. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we tested the association between dorsomedial frontal GABA+/H2O concentrations and musical rhythm production in healthy younger (n = 14; 18–35) and older (n = 12; 55–79) adults, hypothesizing that lower GABA+/H2O concentrations would be associated with increased timing error, particularly on more difficult exercises, and intra-individual variability (quantified via mean successive squared difference (MSSD)). Rhythm learning exercises were presented in order of complexity. Linear mixed effects modeling revealed GABA+/H2O-by-exercise number interaction (β = -0.59, p = 0.006) such that participants with lower GABA+/H2O showed greater performance decrement with increasing exercise difficulty. GABA+/H2O trended toward an inverse association with MSSD (β = -0.25, p = 0.089), such that higher GABA+/H2O was associated with lower variability in performance. Older age was associated with increased absolute timing error (β = 0.66, p < 0.001) and greater MSSD (β = 0.86, p = 0.012). However, there was no evidence for age group differences in GABA+/H2O−performance relationships. This finding suggests that GABAergic neuronal inhibition may be important in musical rhythm production across age groups.

神经元抑制的变化与年龄相关的感觉运动能力下降有关。虽然有间接证据表明抑制机制也参与了节奏控制，但这种关联尚未得到检验。我们使用磁共振波谱法测试了健康的年轻人（n = 14；18-35 岁）和老年人（n = 12；55-79 岁）背内侧额叶 GABA+/H2O 浓度与音乐节奏产生之间的关联，并假设 GABA+/H2O 浓度较低将与计时误差增加（尤其是在难度较大的练习中）和个体内部变异性（通过平均连续平方差（MSSD）量化）有关。节奏学习练习按复杂程度依次进行。线性混合效应模型显示，GABA+/H2O与练习次数之间存在交互作用（β = -0.59，p = 0.006），GABA+/H2O越低的参与者，随着练习难度的增加，成绩下降幅度越大。GABA+/H2O 与 MSSD 呈反向关系（β = -0.25，p = 0.089），因此 GABA+/H2O 越高，成绩的可变性越低。年龄越大，绝对计时误差越大（β = 0.66，p = 0.001），MSSD 越大（β = 0.86，p = 0.012）。然而，没有证据表明 GABA+/H2O-表现关系存在年龄组差异。这一结果表明，GABA能神经元抑制可能在不同年龄组的音乐节奏产生中起着重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Cortical brain potentials in response to lower limb proprioceptive stimuli in young adults with probable developmental coordination disorder 可能患有发育协调障碍的青少年对下肢本体感觉刺激的皮层脑电位反应。

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106224

Yu-Ting Tseng , Yi-Wen Chen , Yi-Hsuan Lin , Chia-Liang Tsai , Chun-Hsiang Chuang

<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Proprioceptive deficits have been shown to underlie motor problems in individuals with a probable developmental coordination disorder (pDCD). Behavioral studies have employed response times to passive limb movement to evaluate proprioceptive function in individuals with pDCD. However, the underlying neural mechanisms involved in the cortical processing of proprioceptive input and its corresponding motor response are unclear. To address this issue, this study aims to investigate neuropsychological and neurophysiological performances using event-related potentials (ERP) on proprioceptive-motor tasks in young adults with pDCD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From a total of 149 young adults screened using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2nd Edition Complete Form (BOT-2), 12 individuals with pDCD were identified (mean age ± SD: 20.50 ± 1.08 years) along with 12 age- and sex-matched controls (mean age ± SD: 20.75 ± 1.05 years). Participants placed their dominant foot on a passive ankle motion apparatus that plantarflexed the ankle at a constant velocity of 22°/s for a total of 75 trials in each proprioceptive condition. With vision occluded, participants had to press the trigger button held by the dominant hand when they sensed the passive motion of the ankle (voluntary response, VR), or purely receive the movement without a voluntary response (non-voluntary response, NVR). Behavioral performances [i.e., mean movement detection time (MDT<sub>mean</sub>), the standard deviation of the movement detection time (MDT<sub>SD</sub>)] and ERP indices (i.e., N1, P3 amplitude, and latency) related to ankle kinesthetic stimuli were obtained to determine the proprioceptive-motor function.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that young adults with pDCD exhibited longer MDT<sub>mean</sub> (<em>p</em> < 0.001) and MDT<sub>SD</sub> (<em>p</em> = 0.002) compared to their controls. Electrophysiological indices measured at frontal and central electrode sites, showed that young adults with pDCD exhibited significantly smaller N1 (<em>p</em> = 0.019) and P3 amplitudes (<em>p</em> = 0.032) during VR and NVR conditions. Notably, correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between MDT<sub>mean</sub> and N1 (<em>r</em> = 0.62, <em>p</em> < 0.001) and P3 amplitudes (<em>r</em> = − 0.55, <em>p</em> = 0.005) in the VR condition in young adults with and without pDCD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study sheds light on the central brain mechanisms underlying proprioceptive-motor deficits in young adults with pDCD. The combined analysis of behavioral and ERP data suggests that longer MDT<sub>mean</sub> and larger MDT<sub>SD</sub> in young adults with pDCD are associated with weaker proprioceptive afferent inflow shown by decreased N1 amplitude to the frontal and parietal cortices. Such degraded proprioceptive signals are followed by reduced P3 amplitude, suggesting tha

背景：研究表明，本体感觉障碍是可能患有发育协调障碍（pDCD）的患者出现运动问题的原因。行为研究采用被动肢体运动的反应时间来评估 pDCD 患者的本体感觉功能。然而，大脑皮层处理本体感觉输入及其相应运动反应的潜在神经机制尚不清楚。为解决这一问题，本研究旨在利用事件相关电位（ERP）对本体感觉运动任务中的神经心理学和神经生理学表现进行调查：从使用布鲁斯-奥塞瑞斯基运动能力测验第二版完整表格（BOT-2）筛选出的 149 名年轻成人中，确定了 12 名 pDCD 患者（平均年龄± SD：20.50±1.08 岁）和 12 名年龄与性别匹配的对照组患者（平均年龄± SD：20.75±1.05 岁）。参与者将其优势足放在被动踝关节运动器械上，该器械以 22°/s 的恒定速度使踝关节跖屈，在每种本体感觉条件下共进行 75 次试验。在视线被遮挡的情况下，参与者必须在感觉到踝关节被动运动（自主反应，VR）时按下主导手所持的触发按钮，或者在没有自主反应的情况下纯粹接受运动（非自主反应，NVR）。研究人员获得了与踝关节动觉刺激相关的行为表现[即平均运动检测时间（MDTmean）、运动检测时间标准差（MDTSD）]和ERP指数（即N1、P3振幅和潜伏期），以确定本体感觉运动功能：结果表明，与对照组相比，患有 pDCD 的年轻人表现出更长的 MDTmean (p SD (p = 0.002)。在前额和中央电极部位测量的电生理指标显示，患有 pDCD 的年轻人在 VR 和 NVR 条件下表现出明显较小的 N1（p = 0.019）和 P3 振幅（p = 0.032）。值得注意的是，相关分析显示 MDTmean 与 N1 之间存在明显的负相关（r = 0.62，p 结论）：本研究揭示了患有本体感觉-运动障碍的年轻成人的大脑中枢机制。对行为和 ERP 数据的综合分析表明，青壮年本体感觉缺失症患者较长的 MDTmean 和较大的 MDTSD 与较弱的本体感觉传入有关，表现为传入额叶和顶叶皮层的 N1 振幅减小。这种本体感觉信号的退化随之而来的是 P3 振幅的降低，这表明患有本体感觉障碍的青壮年在本体感觉刺激方面分配给调节运动过程的神经资源较少。这些发现有助于更好地理解本体感觉运动障碍的神经生理学基础，并为开发有针对性的感觉运动干预措施提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Attention allocation in foreign language reading anxiety during lexical processing − An ERP study with cue-target paradigm 词汇加工过程中外语阅读焦虑的注意力分配--采用线索-目标范式的ERP研究

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106225

Lina Li , Qianqian Yu , Qing Guan , Hehui Li , Yue-jia Luo

Extensive behavioral and pedagogical studies emphasize the negative impact of foreign language reading anxiety on foreign language reading. This study investigated whether foreign language reading anxiety is correlated with dysregulation of attentional allocation while foreign language reading. We used event-related potential (ERP) indices as biomarkers to examine attention allocation between groups with high foreign language reading anxiety (HFLRA) and low foreign language reading anxiety (LFLRA) using a cue-target paradigm under conditions that posed high (valid condition) or low (invalid condition) expectations on target location. Behavioral results indicated that HFLRA individuals exhibited significantly lower accuracy compared to LFLRA individuals in both valid and invalid conditions. ERP analyses demonstrated that HFLRA individuals showed significant differences in attentional allocation compared to LFLRA individuals, as reflected by later N2 latency and stronger LPC amplitude, particularly in the invalid condition. Additionally, LFLRA individuals demonstrated a significant difference in N2 latency between valid and invalid conditions, which was not observed in HFLRA individuals. These findings suggest that HFLRA individuals experience inefficient attentional allocation during foreign language reading.

大量行为学和教学研究都强调了外语阅读焦虑对外语阅读的负面影响。本研究探讨了外语阅读焦虑是否与外语阅读时注意力分配失调相关。我们使用事件相关电位（ERP）指数作为生物标志物，在对目标位置提出高期望（有效条件）或低期望（无效条件）的条件下，使用线索-目标范式来研究高度外语阅读焦虑（HFLRA）和低度外语阅读焦虑（LFLRA）群体之间的注意分配。行为结果表明，在有效和无效条件下，HFLRA 患者的准确率都明显低于 LFLRA 患者。ERP分析表明，与LFLRA个体相比，HFLRA个体在注意力分配方面表现出显著差异，这体现在N2潜伏期较晚，LPC振幅较强，尤其是在无效条件下。此外，LFLRA 患者在有效和无效条件下的 N2 潜伏期存在显著差异，而 HFLRA 患者则没有这种差异。这些研究结果表明，HFLRA 患者在外语阅读过程中注意力分配效率低下。

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引用次数: 0

Cognition, emotion, and the default mode network 认知、情感和默认模式网络

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106229

Nicola Sambuco

The Default Mode Network (DMN) is increasingly recognized as a key hub where cognitive and emotional processes converge, particularly through its role in integrating episodic memory and emotional experiences. The current mini-review highlights three distinct patterns of brain activity within the DMN associated with emotional processing. The first pattern indicates that, while the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) encodes the pleasantness of memories, other DMN regions support episodic content construction. The second pattern suggests the interaction between the DMN and regions outside of it, such as the amygdala and anterior insula, which contribute to the emotional significance of memories. The third pattern shows widespread activation across the DMN for both pleasant and unpleasant events, challenging the notion of a modular organization of cognition and emotion. The first two patterns appear to result from methodological choices in some studies, while a non-modular view of cognition and emotion in the DMN has recently emerged as the most plausible. These findings support the integration of cognitive and emotional processes within the DMN, suggesting that it plays a fundamental role in constructing coherent and emotionally charged narratives.

人们越来越认识到，默认模式网络（DMN）是认知过程和情绪过程交汇的关键枢纽，尤其是它在整合偶发记忆和情绪体验方面的作用。本期微型综述重点介绍了默认模式网络（DMN）中与情绪处理相关的三种截然不同的大脑活动模式。第一种模式表明，当腹内侧前额叶皮层（vmPFC）编码记忆的愉悦性时，其他DMN区域支持情节性内容的构建。第二种模式表明，DMN 与其外部区域（如杏仁核和前脑岛）之间存在相互作用，这些区域有助于记忆的情感意义。第三种模式显示，愉快和不愉快事件在整个DMN中都有广泛的激活，这对认知和情绪的模块化组织概念提出了挑战。前两种模式似乎是某些研究中方法学选择的结果，而最近出现的关于DMN中认知和情感的非模块化观点则是最合理的。这些研究结果支持认知和情感过程在DMN中的整合，表明它在构建连贯的情感叙事中发挥着根本性的作用。

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