Brain and Cognition最新文献_第2页

Mechanical and semantic knowledge mediate the implicit understanding of the physical world 机械知识和语义知识是对物理世界内隐理解的中介。

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106253

Giovanni Federico , François Osiurak , Ciro Rosario Ilardi , Carlo Cavaliere , Vincenzo Alfano , Liberatore Tramontano , Giuseppina Ciccarelli , Celeste Cafaro , Marco Salvatore , Maria Antonella Brandimonte

Most recent accounts highlight the importance of two aspects of cognition in the implicit understanding of the physical world: semantic knowledge (the ability to recognize, categorize, and relate concepts) and mechanical knowledge (the capability to comprehend how things mechanically work). However, how the human brain may integrate these cognitive processes remains largely unexplored. Here, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate this integration employing a novel free-viewing task. Participants viewed images depicting object-tool pairs that were either mechanically consistent (e.g., nail – steel hammer) or mechanically inconsistent (e.g., scarf – steel hammer). These pairs were situated on a metal plate atop a table, with a stripped electrical cable in contact with the plate that could be plugged in or out from the electrical line, rendering the tools either electrified or not. Task-based functional connectivity revealed an interplay among specific left-brain regions – the middle temporal (MTG), inferior frontal (IFG), and supramarginal (SMG) gyri – during the processing of mechanical actions and physics principles, associating the activity of these areas with mechanical knowledge (SMG) and object-related semantic knowledge (MTG). Notably, the IFG was active during both types of processing, suggesting a critical role of this region in multi-modal information integration. These findings support the most recent integrated neurocognitive models of physical understanding, deepening our comprehension of how we make sense of the physical world.

最近的研究强调了对物理世界的内隐理解中认知的两个方面的重要性：语义知识（识别、分类和关联概念的能力）和机械知识（理解事物如何机械工作的能力）。然而，人类大脑如何整合这些认知过程在很大程度上仍未被探索。在这里，我们使用功能磁共振成像来研究这种整合，采用了一种新的自由观看任务。参与者观看描绘物体-工具对的图像，这些图像要么是机械一致的（例如，钉子-钢锤），要么是机械不一致的（例如，围巾-钢锤）。这些工具安装在桌子上的金属板上，与金属板接触的是一根剥去的电缆，可以插入或拔出电线，使工具带电或不带电。基于任务的功能连通性揭示了在机械动作和物理原理的处理过程中，特定左脑区域-中颞叶（MTG）、下额叶（IFG）和上边缘（SMG）回之间的相互作用，将这些区域的活动与机械知识（SMG）和物体相关语义知识（MTG）联系起来。值得注意的是，IFG在两种类型的处理过程中都很活跃，这表明该区域在多模式信息整合中起着关键作用。这些发现支持了最新的物理理解的综合神经认知模型，加深了我们对如何理解物理世界的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Advanced disconnectomic analyses reveal repetition pathways in a case of mixed transcortical aphasia 先进的断连分析揭示重复途径的情况下，混合性跨皮质失语症。

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106257

Irene Bellin , Arianna Menardi , Serena De Pellegrin , Antonio Luigi Bisogno , Carlo Semenza , Maurizio Corbetta , Antonino Vallesi

Mixed Transcortical Aphasia (MTA) is an infrequent aphasic syndrome, characterized by poor comprehension and production in oral language abilities and poor performance in written language abilities. However, individuals with MTA typically retain the ability to repeat. Our patient, a woman who suffered from a left hemisphere ischemic stroke involving perisylvian areas, presented with repetition preserved for words, non-words, sentences and numbers, together with marginally preserved reading abilities. Given the peculiarity of her linguistic profile, we employed recently developed lesion-based approaches for probabilistic estimation of white matter disconnections to reveal which white matter tracts are likely to be related to her preserved linguistic abilities. Our analysis revealed that while the left arcuate fasciculus (AF)—a tract commonly associated with repetition—was partially affected, its posterior and long branches were estimated to be disconnected, whereas the anterior branch remained intact. This disconnection pattern may explain the pattern of preserved repetition abilities observed in this MTA patient.

混合性跨皮层失语症（MTA）是一种罕见的失语症，以口头语言理解和产生能力差和书面语言能力表现不佳为特征。然而，患有MTA的人通常保留重复的能力。我们的病人是一名女性，她患有左半球缺血性中风，涉及到perisylvian区，她表现出对单词、非单词、句子和数字的重复保留，以及轻微保留的阅读能力。鉴于她的语言特征，我们采用了最近开发的基于病变的方法来对白质断开进行概率估计，以揭示哪些白质束可能与她保留的语言能力有关。我们的分析显示，虽然左弓状束(AF)-通常与重复相关的束-部分受到影响，但其后支和长支估计已断开，而前支则保持完整。这种断开模式可以解释在MTA患者中观察到的保留重复能力模式。

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引用次数: 0

Neuroimaging markers of cognitive fatigue in individuals with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection SARS-CoV-2感染急性后后遗症患者认知疲劳的神经影像学标志物

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106254

Christopher E. Niemczak , James C. Ford , Robert M. Roth , Samantha M. Leigh , Jeffrey Parsonnet , Christina Martin , Shreve O. Soule , Theresa M. Haron , Jay C. Buckey Jr. , Glenn R. Wylie

Persistent cognitive fatigue (CF) is the most reported symptom in Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), but little is known about its underlying neural basis. This pilot study examined fMRI brain activation patterns during a fatiguing task in those with and without PASC. We hypothesized that individuals with PASC would show changes in CF-related brain activation within fatigue network. Participants were 10 adults with PASC and persistent CF and 10 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The 2-back working memory task was used during fMRI to induce CF. Patients with PASC reported greater CF, as measured using a Visual Analogue Scale of Fatigue (VAS-F), throughout the task. The relationship of brain activation in the fatigue network to increased CF during the fatiguing task did not differ between groups. There were, however, more areas inside and outside the fatigue network that were activated in the PASC group as reported CF increased. The relationship between brain activation and scores on the 2-back did differ between groups, with the PASC group showing more frontal activation. Findings suggest that individuals with PASC and CF may need to exert greater mental effort during demanding cognitive tasks, reflected in recruitment of a broader network of brain regions.

持续认知疲劳（CF）是 SARS-CoV-2 感染急性后遗症（PASC）中报告最多的症状，但人们对其潜在的神经基础知之甚少。这项试验性研究考察了非典后遗症患者和非典后遗症患者在执行疲劳任务时的 fMRI 脑激活模式。我们假设，PASC 患者在疲劳网络中会出现与 CF 相关的大脑激活变化。参与者包括 10 名患有 PASC 和顽固性 CF 的成年人，以及 10 名年龄和性别匹配的健康对照者。在进行fMRI检查时，使用2-back工作记忆任务来诱导CF。根据疲劳视觉模拟量表（VAS-F）的测量，PASC 患者在整个任务过程中都表现出更大的疲劳。在疲劳任务中，疲劳网络中的大脑激活与CF增加之间的关系在组间没有差异。不过，随着报告的 CF 值增加，PASC 组疲劳网络内外有更多区域被激活。大脑激活与 2-back 分数之间的关系在不同组之间存在差异，PASC 组显示出更多的额叶激活。研究结果表明，PASC 和 CF 患者在完成要求较高的认知任务时可能需要付出更大的脑力，这反映在他们需要招募更广泛的脑区网络。

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引用次数: 0

Training method and difficulty modulate electrophysiological correlates of visual perceptual learning 训练方法和难度调节视觉知觉学习的电生理相关。

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106270

Di Wu , Pan Zhang , Shengdong Ye , Na Liu

The present study focused on the influence of training methods and task difficulty on event-related potentials (ERPs) at early and later visual perceptual learning (VPL) on a coherent motion identification task. Sixty participants were randomly divided into four groups for training with an adaptive stimulus (staircase group) and three constant stimuli (moderate, easy and difficult intensity groups). Visual performance improved in the staircase and moderate training groups but not in the easy or difficult training groups. ERP results revealed a decreased P1 amplitude in all groups. Additionally, staircase training increased the frontal P2 amplitude; accordingly, moderate constant stimulus training reduced the frontal P2 amplitude and increased the frontal N2 amplitude. Importantly, the change in frontal P2 amplitude was correlated with improved performance, indicating the involvement of cortices responsible for higher-order cognitive processes in VPL. Additionally, the difference in frontal P2 amplitude changes suggests the modulation of training methods (adaptive and consistent) on the role of attention in VPL. Furthermore, although behavior changes were not observed, the brains in the easy and difficult groups still presented different ERP changes. In summary, the results provide electrophysiological evidence for the modulation of training methods and task difficulty in VPL-related neuroplasticity.

本研究主要研究了训练方法和任务难度对连贯动作识别任务中视觉知觉学习（VPL）早期和后期事件相关电位的影响。60名参与者随机分为四组，分别采用适应性刺激（阶梯组）和三组恒定刺激（中、易、难强度组）进行训练。楼梯训练组和中等训练组的视觉表现有所改善，而简单训练组和困难训练组的视觉表现均无改善。ERP结果显示各组P1振幅均下降。此外，楼梯训练增加了额部P2振幅；相应的，适度恒定刺激训练降低了额叶P2振幅，增加了额叶N2振幅。重要的是，额叶P2振幅的变化与表现的提高相关，表明负责VPL高阶认知过程的皮层参与其中。此外，额叶P2振幅变化的差异提示了训练方法（适应性和一致性）对注意在VPL中的作用的调节。此外，虽然没有观察到行为的改变，但易、难组的大脑仍然呈现出不同的ERP变化。综上所述，研究结果为训练方法和任务难度对vpl相关神经可塑性的调节提供了电生理学证据。

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引用次数: 0

EEG reveals key features of binocular color fusion and rivalry 脑电图显示了双眼颜色融合和竞争的关键特征。

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106268

Zhineng Lv , Shisheng Yu , Xuesong Jin , Xiang Liu , Mengshi Dai , Lijun Yun , Zaiqing Chen

Differences in the brain sensitivity to color responses may cause significant differences in the latency and amplitude of the electroencephalographic (EEG) component. This paper investigated the electroencephalography features of binocular color fusion and binocular color rivalry when watching stereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) displays. EEG experiments were conducted on a conventional 3D display platform. Eight subjects were involved to analyze differences in the event-related potential (ERP) and power spectrum when the brain perceived binocular color fusion and binocular color rivalry. Results show that: 1) the latencies of ERP components N1 and P2 of binocular color fusion were shorter than that of binocular color rivalry, 2) the amplitudes of the ERP components P2 and P3 of binocular color fusion were greater than that that of color rivalry, and 3) the left hemisphere was dominant for binocular color rivalry while the right hemisphere was greater involved in binocular color fusion. These results indicate that during the initial and mid-term cognitive processing, the brain response to binocular color fusion is faster than binocular color rivalry. Both binocular color fusion and rivalry involve visual post-processing, but binocular color fusion requires a greater allocation of neural resources. Power spectrum analysis revealed the cerebral lateralization in binocular color fusion and rivalry, it suggested that the way the brain processes this binocular input can have effects on its function.

大脑对颜色反应敏感性的差异可能导致脑电图（EEG）成分的潜伏期和振幅的显著差异。本文研究了观看立体三维（3D）显示器时双眼色彩融合和双眼色彩竞争的脑电图特征。脑电实验在传统的三维显示平台上进行。研究了8名受试者在感知双眼颜色融合和双眼颜色竞争时的事件相关电位（ERP）和功率谱的差异。结果表明：1)双眼颜色融合的ERP分量N1和P2潜伏期短于双眼颜色竞争；2)双眼颜色融合的ERP分量P2和P3振幅大于双眼颜色竞争；3)双眼颜色竞争以左半球为主，而双眼颜色融合则更多地参与右半球。这些结果表明，在认知加工的初期和中期，大脑对双眼颜色融合的反应要快于双眼颜色竞争的反应。双眼颜色融合和竞争都涉及视觉后处理，但双眼颜色融合需要更多的神经资源分配。功率谱分析揭示了双眼颜色融合和竞争的大脑偏侧，提示大脑处理这种双眼输入的方式可能对其功能产生影响。

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引用次数: 0

Neural correlates of social observation and socioeconomic status in influencing environmental donations

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106259

Nana Niu , Yiping Zhong , Jin Li , Mei Li , Wei Fan

With the increasing urgency of environmental degradation, it is crucial to investigate whether and why individuals from different socioeconomic statuses (SES) engage in environmental donations within social contexts to develop targeted strategies that promote environmental sustainability. However, the psychological mechanisms and neural activities underlying environmental donations across SES in social contexts remain unclear. The current study randomly assigned participants to high (low) SES groups and asked them to complete the environmental donation task in the (non) observable contexts while the electroencephalogram was recorded. Behaviorally, this study revealed that the presence of others promoted environmental donations in the low-cost condition and the average donations and acceptance rates were influenced by costliness. The ERP results indicated that high-SES individuals exhibited more negative N2 in the observable condition than in the non-observable condition. At the later stage, social observation modulated the neural activity evoked by donation decision making, with high-SES individuals showing larger P3 and late positive potentials (LPP) in the observable (vs. non-observable) condition. These findings suggest that public service institutions can implement targeted fundraising strategies that consider motivational differences among individuals with different SES, such as creating cost-effective environmental scenarios for low-SES individuals and designing reputation-enhancing situations for high-SES individuals.

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling the neural dichotomy of consensus and idiosyncratic experiences in short video viewing 解开短视频观看中共识和特殊体验的神经二分法。

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106260

Mengjin Li , Hong Huang , Ke Zhou , Ming Meng

Human experiences are inherently shaped by individual perspectives, leading to diverse interpretations of the same events. However, shared activities, such as communal film watching or sports viewing, underscore the dual nature of these experiences: collective joy arises through social interactions, while individual emotional responses are influenced by personal preferences. The neural mechanisms underlying this interplay between shared and idiosyncratic experiences, particularly in the context of reward processing, remain insufficiently explored. In this study, we investigated the neural basis of both communal enjoyment and individual anticipatory responses during short video viewing. Using functional MRI, we measured brain activity in participants as they watched 90 short videos and provided ratings of their reward expectations and experienced pleasure. By integrating intersubject correlation (ISC) and individual-specific analyses, we identified shared and unique neural activity patterns. Our findings reveal that synchronized activity within the default mode network (DMN) and reward-related regions underlies shared experiences of collective pleasure. In contrast, distinct activations in the frontal cortex and caudate nucleus were associated with personal preferences and reward anticipation, highlighting a neural dichotomy between communal enjoyment and individualized reward processing during digital media engagement.

人类的经历本质上是由个人观点塑造的，导致对同一事件的不同解释。然而，共享活动，如共同观看电影或观看体育比赛，强调了这些体验的双重性质：集体快乐来自社会互动，而个人情绪反应则受到个人偏好的影响。共享体验和特殊体验之间相互作用的神经机制，特别是在奖励处理的背景下，仍然没有得到充分的探索。在本研究中，我们探讨了短视频观看过程中群体享受和个体预期反应的神经基础。使用功能性核磁共振成像，我们测量了参与者在观看90个短视频时的大脑活动，并提供了他们对奖励期望和体验快乐的评级。通过整合主体间相关性（ISC）和个体特异性分析，我们确定了共享和独特的神经活动模式。我们的研究结果表明，默认模式网络（DMN）和奖励相关区域的同步活动是共同体验集体快乐的基础。相比之下，额叶皮质和尾状核的不同激活与个人偏好和奖励预期有关，突出了数字媒体参与过程中公共享受和个性化奖励处理之间的神经二分法。

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引用次数: 0

Patterns of cortical thickness in MCI patients with and without semantic impairment 有语义障碍和无语义障碍的 MCI 患者的皮层厚度模式。

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106258

Émilie Delage , Isabelle Rouleau , Marc-Antoine Akzam-Ouellette , Shady Rahayel , Marie Filiatrault , Sven Joubert

Background

About half of MCI patients experience semantic deficits, which may predict progression to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The neural basis of these deficits in MCI is not well understood. This study aimed to examine the relationship between semantic memory performance and cortical thickness in MCI patients.

Methods

Using FreeSurfer, T1-weighted MRI scans were analyzed from MCI patients with (MCIsem+) and without (MCIsem-) semantic deficits. Correlation analyses across all participants, including healthy controls, examined the link between semantic memory and cortical thickness, controlling for age and education. Group comparisons of cortical thickness were also conducted between MCIsem+ and MCIsem- groups.

Results

Significant correlations emerged between semantic memory performance and cortical thickness in the left medial temporal lobe, right temporal pole, and bilateral frontal regions—areas involved in central semantic and executive processes. Additionally, MCIsem + patients showed reduced cortical thickness in frontal, parietal, and occipital areas compared to MCIsem- patients.

Conclusion

Semantic memory performance in MCI patients is associated with structural differences in regions supporting both central and executive aspects of semantic processing. Given that MCIsem + patients may face higher risk of AD progression, longitudinal studies should investigate these cortical markers’ predictive value.

背景：大约一半的MCI患者经历语义缺陷，这可能预示着阿尔茨海默病（AD）的进展。MCI中这些缺陷的神经基础尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨轻度认知损伤患者语义记忆表现与皮层厚度的关系。方法：使用FreeSurfer，分析具有（MCIsem+）和不具有（MCIsem-）语义缺陷的MCI患者的t1加权MRI扫描。对包括健康对照组在内的所有参与者进行相关性分析，考察了语义记忆和皮层厚度之间的联系，控制了年龄和教育程度。在MCIsem+组和MCIsem-组之间进行皮质厚度的组间比较。结果：语义记忆表现与左内侧颞叶、右颞极和双侧额叶皮层厚度呈显著相关，这些区域涉及中央语义和执行过程。此外，与MCIsem-患者相比，MCIsem +患者的额、顶叶和枕叶皮质厚度减少。结论：MCI患者的语义记忆表现与支持语义加工的中央和执行方面的区域结构差异有关。鉴于MCIsem +患者可能面临更高的AD进展风险，纵向研究应该调查这些皮质标志物的预测价值。

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引用次数: 0

Early environmental influences on brain development and executive function 早期环境对大脑发育和执行功能的影响。

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106241

Bonnie Alberry, Patrícia Pelufo Silveira

引用次数: 0

Ear to the ground! socioeconomic status, environmental stress, and the neural substrate of selective attention 耳听八方！社会经济地位、环境压力和选择性注意的神经基础。

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106242

Amedeo D’Angiulli , Shanine Kamgang , Rachelle Humes , Keren Ighalo , Renee Baysarowich

We reanalyzed data originally published by Berman and Friedman (1995), who recorded event related potentials (ERPs) while children and adults with low, medium, and high socioeconomic status (SES) detected oddball auditory targets (tones and consonant–vowel sequences) among distractors. The ERP differential measuring how much attention was allocated to the targets vs. distractors increased significantly with SES, independently of age. To explain these findings, we integrate the ear to the ground hypothesis and the socioenvironmental epigenetic stress approach. According to the ear to the ground hypothesis, frequent and prolonged environmental uncertainty and hazard induce low-SES children to learn adaptive over-vigilance, attending disproportionately to stimuli that are currently irrelevant but may quickly become relevant and thus require an immediate survival response. Socioenvironmental epigenetic stress refers to the bidirectional interaction between a stress-inducing environment and the impact and expression of transgenerational gene selections in low-SES contexts. Because low-SES individuals are historically under and misrepresented in research, the proposed framework contributes to increase our understanding of how socioeconomic and environmental conditions may affect neurocognitive development. This offers significant points of entry for future interventions and policies targeting macrosocial settings (i.e., education and the justice system) and microsocial ontogenetic settings (i.e., individuals and families).

我们重新分析了最初由 Berman 和 Friedman（1995 年）发表的数据，他们记录了社会经济地位（SES）低、中、高的儿童和成人在分心物中检测奇异听觉目标（音调和辅音-元音序列）时的事件相关电位（ERP）。衡量目标与干扰物之间注意力分配程度的ERP差异随着社会经济地位的提高而显著增加，与年龄无关。为了解释这些发现，我们整合了 "耳朵落地假说 "和 "社会环境表观遗传压力法"。根据 "耳听为虚 "假说，频繁和长期的环境不确定性和危险会诱使社会经济地位较低的儿童学会适应性过度警觉，过多地注意目前无关但可能很快变得相关的刺激，从而需要立即做出生存反应。社会环境表观遗传压力是指在低社会经济地位背景下，诱发压力的环境与跨代基因选择的影响和表达之间的双向互动。由于低社会经济地位的人在研究中历来被低估和误解，所提出的框架有助于加深我们对社会经济和环境条件如何影响神经认知发展的理解。这为未来针对宏观社会环境（即教育和司法系统）和微观社会本体环境（即个人和家庭）的干预措施和政策提供了重要的切入点。

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引用次数: 0