Brain and Cognition最新文献_第5页

Effects of regional white matter hyperintensities and β-amyloid on domain-specific cognition and progression to dementia 区域白质高信号和β-淀粉样蛋白对区域特异性认知和痴呆进展的影响

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106332

Cameron Mavericks Choo , Chin Hong Tan , for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and cerebral β-amyloid (Aβ) have been characterized as clinically significant biomarkers associated with greater cognitive decline and incidence of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) dementia. However, it remains unclear how their regional manifestations co-contribute to domain-specific cognition and dementia onset. We investigated 200 cognitively normal (CN) and 523 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We first quantified regional WMHs and Aβ accumulation in the four cerebral lobes. Next, we evaluated the effects of both WMHs and Aβ in each lobe on memory, executive function (EF), language, and visuospatial function. We used Cox proportional hazard models to determine the contributions of both regional WMHs and Aβ to dementia progression. In CN individuals, greater WMHs in parietal and temporal regions were associated with poorer EF beyond Aβ. In MCI individuals, greater Aβ burden in all lobes were associated with poorer memory, EF, and language abilities beyond WMHs. Lastly, both greater occipital WMHs and Aβ predicted progression to dementia. Temporo-parietal WMHs may drive early decline in EF beyond regional Aβ, while occipital WMHs play a critical role in disease progression to AD dementia beyond regional Aβ, highlighting the complex interplay of regional WMHs and Aβ on domain-specific cognitive and clinical function.

白质高强度（WMHs）和大脑β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）已被表征为与认知能力下降和阿尔茨海默病（AD）痴呆发生率相关的临床重要生物标志物。然而，目前尚不清楚它们的区域表现如何共同促进领域特异性认知和痴呆的发病。我们调查了200名认知正常（CN）和523名轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者。我们首先量化了四个脑叶的区域wmh和Aβ积累。接下来，我们评估了每个脑叶中wmh和Aβ对记忆、执行功能（EF）、语言和视觉空间功能的影响。我们使用Cox比例风险模型来确定区域wmh和Aβ对痴呆进展的贡献。在CN个体中，顶叶和颞叶区域较大的wmh与较差的EF相关。在轻度认知损伤个体中，所有脑叶中较大的β负荷与较差的记忆、EF和语言能力相关。最后，大枕部WMHs和Aβ预测痴呆的进展。颞-顶叶wmh可能会导致EF在a β区域以外的早期下降，而枕部wmh在a β区域以外的AD痴呆的疾病进展中起关键作用，突出了区域wmh和a β在特定区域认知和临床功能中的复杂相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Pre-pandemic food inhibitory control and overeating during COVID-19: A longitudinal fMRI study COVID-19期间大流行前食物抑制控制和暴饮暴食：一项纵向功能磁共振成像研究

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106331

Yong Liu , Wei Li , Yazhi Pang , Ximei Chen , Jia Zhao , Yuanluo Jing , Hong Chen

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted physical and mental health, with overeating becoming a prevalent issue, characterized by excessive food consumption and a tendency to continue eating despite feeling full. This study examined the relationship between pre-pandemic food-related inhibitory control and overeating during the pandemic. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a behavioral food go/no-go task were conducted prior to the pandemic in 745 college students. Inhibitory control data were collected before the pandemic, and overeating was measured during its peak. Correlation analysis revealed a positive link between food inhibitory control and brain regions related to cognitive control, including the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC), and a negative link to reward-related regions (e.g., postcentral gyrus, precuneus, lingual cortex). Additionally, functional connectivity between the precuneus and lingual cortex negatively correlated with inhibitory control. Longitudinal mediation models showed that the effect of inhibitory control on overeating was mediated by the VLPFC and ACC. This study is the first to explore the relationship between food inhibitory control and overeating during the pandemic, offering insights into the role of inhibitory control in eating behaviors and its potential implications for promoting healthier eating.

2019冠状病毒病大流行严重影响了身心健康，暴饮暴食成为一个普遍问题，其特点是过度进食，尽管感觉饱了，但仍倾向于继续进食。这项研究调查了流行病前与食物相关的抑制控制与流行病期间暴饮暴食之间的关系。在流感大流行之前，对745名大学生进行了静息状态功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和行为食物去/不去任务。在大流行之前收集了抑制控制数据，并在其高峰期测量了暴饮暴食。相关分析显示，食物抑制控制与认知控制相关的脑区（包括腹侧前额叶皮层（VLPFC）和前扣带皮层（ACC））呈正相关，与奖励相关的脑区（如中央后回、楔前叶、舌皮质）呈负相关。此外，楔前叶和舌皮质之间的功能连接与抑制控制负相关。纵向中介模型表明，抑制控制对暴饮暴食的影响是由VLPFC和ACC介导的。这项研究首次探索了大流行期间食物抑制控制与暴饮暴食之间的关系，为抑制控制在饮食行为中的作用及其对促进健康饮食的潜在影响提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Positive school climate boosts children’s reading achievement, mental health and cortical thinning 积极的学校氛围能促进儿童的阅读成绩、心理健康和大脑皮层变薄

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106330

Leilei Ma , Yuhan Yang , Yuxuan Chen , Yingfei Lu , Xiaoyu Ren , Rui Chen , Min Jiang , Yanpei Wang , Weiwei Men , Shuping Tan , Jia-Hong Gao , Shaozheng Qin , Yong He , Qi Dong , Sha Tao

Growing evidence underscores school climate as an important protective factor for children’s academic achievement and mental health. However, whether and how school climate impacts child development from behavioral to brain has remained largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the protective roles of school climate in children’s reading achievement, mental health, and cortical thickness. Behavioral and neuroimaging data were obtained from 400 children aged 6–12 years (mean age = 9.65 years). First, results showed that a positive school climate was significantly associated with better reading performance and reduced internalizing/externalizing problems. Notably, school climate compensated for disadvantaged family environments, particularly among children with less educated parents. Second, externalizing problems significantly mediated the link between school climate and reading achievement. Third, compared with their peers, children from schools with more positive climate showed accelerated cortical thinning in the lingual/ pericalcarine/ cuneus and postcentral regions, the hubs for visual processing and sensorimotor integration. Fourth, the cortical thickness of the lingual/ pericalcarine/cuneus and postcentral gyri significantly mediated the role of school climate in reading achievement. These results highlight school climate as a multi-level protective factor that fosters academic resilience via behavioral regulation and cortical thinning.

越来越多的证据强调学校氛围是儿童学习成绩和心理健康的重要保护因素。然而，学校氛围是否以及如何影响儿童从行为到大脑的发展，在很大程度上仍然是未知的。本研究旨在探讨学校氛围对儿童阅读成绩、心理健康和皮质厚度的保护作用。行为和神经影像学数据来自400名6-12岁儿童（平均年龄= 9.65岁）。首先，研究结果表明，积极的学校氛围与更好的阅读成绩和减少内化/外化问题显著相关。值得注意的是，学校环境弥补了不利的家庭环境，特别是在父母受教育程度较低的儿童中。第二，外化问题显著中介了学校氛围与阅读成绩之间的关系。第三，与同龄人相比，来自更积极氛围学校的儿童在舌/牙周/楔和后中央区域（视觉处理和感觉运动整合的中心）表现出加速的皮质变薄。舌/牙根/楔叶和中央后回皮层厚度显著调节了学校氛围对阅读成绩的影响。这些结果强调了学校氛围作为一个多层次的保护因素，通过行为调节和皮层变薄来促进学业弹性。

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引用次数: 0

How distinct autism and schizotypal trait dimensions influence neural predictive processing: An Event-related potential study 自闭症和分裂型特质维度如何影响神经预测加工：事件相关电位研究

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106329

Prune Mazer , Rita Pasion , Melissa Fontes , Cristiana Pires , Celeste Silveira , Fernando Ferreira-Santos

The Predictive Processing framework offers insights into the neural mechanisms underlying autism and schizophrenia spectra. This study employed visual and auditory oddball tasks with varying difficulty levels to test whether brain-responses to unexpected events are different within these spectra. A total of 122 participants underwent EEG recordings and completed self-reports of autistic and schizotypal traits. Results showed that increased task difficulty significantly reduced P300 amplitudes across both sensory modalities. Higher Restricted Interests and Detail Orientation autistic traits were associated with enhanced N2 amplitudes in the difficult visual task, but there were no effects in the P300 time-window. Bayesian analyses yielded moderate evidence against any reliable association between P300 amplitudes and both autistic traits and schizotypy. Early auditory N1-P2 showed no credible relationships with schizotypal traits and only weak, task–dependent associations with autistic communication difficulties. Our study contributes to the growing literature on neural variability in autism and schizophrenia, emphasizing the importance of symptom-specific research and paving the way for more targeted investigations on predictive processing mechanisms. Moreover, the divergent findings for communication versus restricted-interests traits strengthen proposals that social and non-social dimensions in autism rely on distinct neural processes.

预测处理框架提供了对自闭症和精神分裂症谱系的神经机制的见解。这项研究采用不同难度的视觉和听觉古怪任务来测试大脑对意外事件的反应是否在这些光谱中有所不同。共有122名参与者接受了脑电图记录，并完成了自闭症和分裂型特征的自我报告。结果表明，任务难度的增加显著降低了两种感觉模式的P300振幅。较高的限制性兴趣和细节取向自闭症特征与困难视觉任务的N2波幅增强有关，但在P300时间窗中没有影响。贝叶斯分析得出了适度的证据，证明P300振幅与自闭症特征和分裂型之间没有任何可靠的联系。早期听觉N1-P2与分裂型特征没有可靠的关系，只有与自闭症沟通困难微弱的任务依赖关系。我们的研究促进了自闭症和精神分裂症神经变异性的文献，强调了症状特异性研究的重要性，并为更有针对性地研究预测加工机制铺平了道路。此外，交流与限制兴趣特征的不同研究结果强化了自闭症的社会维度和非社会维度依赖于不同的神经过程的观点。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Long-lasting pure topographical disorientation due to heading disorientation following left retrosplenial hemorrhage: A report of two cases” [Brain Cogn. 181 (2024) 106211] “左脾后出血引起的头部定向障碍：两例报告”[脑杂志，181(2024)106211]。

IF 1.4 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106317

Nobuko Kawakami , Yuri Okada , Keisuke Morihara , Kazuto Katsuse , Kazuo Kakinuma , Shiho Matsubara , Shigenori Kanno , Kyoko Suzuki

引用次数: 0

White matter microstructure and cognitive abilities in 28-year-old offspring prenatally exposed to maternal anxiety: A prospective exploratory multimodal brain imaging study 产前暴露于母亲焦虑的28岁后代的白质微观结构和认知能力：一项前瞻性探索性多模态脑成像研究

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106319

Bea R.H. Van den Bergh , Charlotte Sleurs , Birte Geusens , Louise Emsell , Stefan Sunaert , Thibo Billiet

Prenatal exposure to maternal psychological distress (PEMPD) can affect brain development and cognition, but its long-term impact on adult white matter (WM) microstructure and cognition remains unclear. In an exploratory study, we examined 28-year-old offspring (n = 52) exposed to high maternal anxiety (HA group; State Anxiety > 43) or low-to-medium maternal anxiety (LMA group; State Anxiety ≤ 43) at 12–22 weeks of gestation, a critical period for WM development. Whole WM voxel-based analysis assessed microstructural differences using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), including standard diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), advanced methods such as diffusion kurtosis imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, and myelin water imaging. Group differences in WM and cognition (Vocabulary, Perceptual Organization, Processing Speed) were tested using ANCOVAs respectively MANOVA (Holm-Bonferroni-corrected) adjusting for birth weight and postnatal maternal anxiety. The HA group showed lower radial and mean diffusivity and a trend for lower isotropic volume fraction) in the left superior corona radiata. Vocabulary scores were consistently lower in the HA group across ages 14–15 and 28 (moderate effect). The left-lateralized WM differences may reflect altered axonal architecture or cellular composition, possibly originating in utero. The use of advanced and complementary microstructural metrics highlights subtle WM alterations that mayshape neurodevelopmental trajectories and underlie later cognitive outcomes.

产前暴露于母亲心理困扰（PEMPD）会影响大脑发育和认知，但其对成人白质（WM）微观结构和认知的长期影响尚不清楚。在一项探索性研究中，我们检查了28岁的后代（n = 52）暴露于高母亲焦虑(HA组；状态焦虑；43)或低至中度产妇焦虑(LMA组；妊娠12-22周的状态焦虑≤43)，是WM发展的关键时期。基于体素的全WM分析使用扩散磁共振成像（dMRI）评估微观结构差异，包括标准扩散张量成像（DTI）、扩散峰度成像、神经突取向弥散和密度成像以及髓鞘水成像等先进方法。WM和认知（词汇量、知觉组织、加工速度）的组间差异分别采用方差方差分析（ANCOVAs）进行校正，校正出生体重和产后母亲焦虑。HA组在左上放射状日冕的径向扩散率和平均扩散率较低，各向同性体积分数呈较低趋势。在14-15岁和28岁年龄段，HA组的词汇得分一直较低（中等影响）。左偏侧WM的差异可能反映了轴突结构或细胞组成的改变，可能起源于子宫。先进和互补的微观结构指标的使用突出了细微的WM改变，这些改变可能会塑造神经发育轨迹，并成为后来认知结果的基础。

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引用次数: 0

The volume paradox: inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus integrity and connectivity in early blindness 体积悖论：额枕下束在早期失明中的完整性和连通性

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106318

Mysa Myers , Gerry Leisman , Amedeo D’Angiulli

引用次数: 0

Mindfulness practices and transcranial direct current stimulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of self-reported mindfulness 正念练习和经颅直流电刺激：自我报告正念的系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106307

Steven Wickens , Gummersall Timothy , Brown Trevor

There is a growing body of evidence investigating the effectiveness of combining psychological therapy and techniques with transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for facilitating meaningful change across a wide range of clinical and non-clinical domains. The objective of the current review was to examine mindfulness practices in combination with tDCS on self-reported mindfulness, given the well-established benefits of mindfulness on psychological health as well as the critical role of mindfulness processes as mediators of change in psychosocial intervention. Two databases were searched for sham-controlled studies of combined tDCS and mindfulness that included standardised mindfulness measures. Eight randomised trials met inclusion criteria. Results of the random-effects meta-analysis showed that mindfulness-based practices combined with active tDCS intervention revealed a small but significant increase in overall mindfulness as compared to sham tDCS and mindfulness (SMD = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.01, 0.48, p = 0.044). There was heterogeneity in the mindfulness practices, populations and number of stimulations, although there was general consistency in online tDCS location and intensity parameters (i.e., most commonly 2 mA anodal stimulation to the prefrontal cortex). The present findings provide evidence from sham RCTs that tDCS combined with mindfulness practice can augment self-reported mindfulness, lending support to a synergistic multimodal combination.

越来越多的证据表明，将心理治疗和技术与经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）结合起来，在广泛的临床和非临床领域促进有意义的改变是有效的。鉴于正念对心理健康的益处以及正念过程在社会心理干预中作为变化中介的关键作用，本综述的目的是研究正念练习与tDCS结合对自我报告正念的影响。我们在两个数据库中搜索了tDCS和正念联合的假对照研究，其中包括标准化的正念测量。8项随机试验符合纳入标准。随机效应荟萃分析结果显示，与假tDCS和正念相比，基于正念的练习与主动tDCS干预相结合，整体正念水平有小幅但显著的提高(SMD = 0.24；95% CI, 0.01, 0.48, p = 0.044)。尽管在线tDCS位置和强度参数（即最常见的是对前额叶皮层的2 mA阳极刺激）大致一致，但正念练习、刺激数量和刺激次数均存在异质性。目前的研究结果提供了假性随机对照试验的证据，表明tDCS结合正念练习可以增强自我报告的正念，为协同多模式组合提供支持。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the impact of white matter hyperintensities on gray matter atrophy and cognitive decline 探讨白质高信号对灰质萎缩和认知能力下降的影响

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106316

Zhongfeng Xie , Qiang Yu , Peiying Chen , Xiereniguli Anayiti , Mengling Tao , Yongsheng Xiang , Xiaowen Xu , Peijun Wang

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are linked to gray matter volume (GMV) and cognitive abilities in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the detailed patterns of how WMHs affect brain structure and cognition in AD require more study. We examined 42 AD patients, 54 with mild cognitive impairment, and 59 normal controls. Using various correlation analyses, we explored the relationships between WMHs, GMV, and cognitive function. The findings indicate that WMHs significantly influence brain atrophy in AD, with total WMHs volume, subcortical WMHs volume, and the largest single WMH volume having the most impact. Subcortical WMHs volume notably affected Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scores, while the largest WMH volume influenced cognitive measures. These results highlight that specific WMH subtypes, especially subcortical volume and large lesions, play a pivotal role in GMV atrophy and cognitive decline in AD. our results support a neurovascular mechanism driving neurodegeneration, emphasizing the importance of early interventions targeting vascular issues to slow AD progression.

Key points: The study investigated specific subtypes of white matter hyperintensities, revealing their impact on gray matter atrophy and cognitive decline, to identify potential biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease progression.

白质高强度（WMHs）与阿尔茨海默病（AD）的灰质体积（GMV）和认知能力有关。然而，WMHs如何影响AD患者的大脑结构和认知的详细模式需要更多的研究。我们检查了42例AD患者，54例轻度认知障碍，59例正常对照。通过各种相关分析，我们探讨了WMHs、GMV和认知功能之间的关系。结果表明，WMH显著影响AD患者脑萎缩，其中WMH总体积、皮层下WMH体积和最大单个WMH体积影响最大。皮层下脑容量显著影响日常生活工具活动得分，而最大脑容量影响认知测量。这些结果表明，特定的WMH亚型，特别是皮质下体积和大病变，在AD患者的GMV萎缩和认知能力下降中起关键作用。我们的研究结果支持神经血管机制驱动神经退行性变，强调针对血管问题的早期干预对减缓AD进展的重要性。重点：该研究调查了白质高信号的特定亚型，揭示了它们对灰质萎缩和认知能力下降的影响，以确定阿尔茨海默病进展的潜在生物标志物。

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引用次数: 0

Age-related cortical changes and cognitive performance in healthy adults 健康成人与年龄相关的皮质变化和认知能力

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106306

Arman Deep Singh, Mukesh Kumar, B.H. Swathi, P. Bhargavi, Ashwini Godbole, Subash Khushu

Aging is a continuous process with cortical thinning as a common consequence. This study aimed to evaluate cortical thickness, volume and area differences associated with age in healthy population.

Seventy-six healthy individuals were divided into three age groups: younger (25–40 years, n = 25), middle-aged (41–55 years, n = 24), and older (56–80 years, n = 27). The elderly group exhibited significantly reduced cortical gray matter in frontal regions (left rostral middle frontal, bilateral lateral orbitofrontal, precentral gyri), temporal (middle temporal, right superior temporal, right inferior temporal), limbic regions (left insula, left posterior cingulate gyrus), occipital (right cuneus, lateral occipital, right lateral occipital), and parietal (precuneus and left postcentral gyri) compared to the younger group.

Older adults exhibited age-related decline in performance of auditory verbal learning (AVL) and recall memory, working memory, visuo-motor coordination, compared to younger adults. Thinning of the left posterior cingulate gyrus is positively correlated with auditory verbal learning performance in middle and older age groups. Total and bilateral cortical thickness and volumes were found to be negatively correlated with age.

The present study shows the impact of aging on cortical thickness, volume and cognitive performance and have implications in the management of cognitive decline in the ageing population including prophylactic interventions thereof.

衰老是一个连续的过程，皮层变薄是一个常见的结果。本研究旨在评估健康人群中与年龄相关的皮质厚度、体积和面积差异。76名健康个体被分为三个年龄组：年轻人（25 - 40岁，n = 25）、中年人（41-55岁，n = 24）和老年人（56-80岁，n = 27）。与年轻人相比，老年组在额叶区（左吻侧、中额叶、双侧外侧眶额、中央前回）、颞叶区（颞中、右侧颞上、右侧颞下）、边缘区（左岛、左侧扣带回）、枕叶区（右侧楔叶、枕叶外侧、右侧枕叶外侧）和顶叶区（楔叶前叶和左侧中央后回）的皮质灰质明显减少。与年轻人相比，老年人在听觉语言学习（AVL）、回忆记忆、工作记忆、视觉运动协调方面表现出与年龄相关的下降。中老年人群左扣带回后部变薄与听觉言语学习表现呈正相关。发现总和双侧皮质厚度和体积与年龄呈负相关。本研究揭示了衰老对大脑皮层厚度、体积和认知能力的影响，并对老年人认知能力下降的管理及其预防性干预具有启示意义。

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引用次数: 0