Biological Conservation最新文献_第9页

Integrating noninvasive genetics and SECR to estimate snow leopard population in Pakistan 整合非侵入遗传学和SECR估算巴基斯坦雪豹种群

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111709

Shakeel Ahmad , Katherine A. Solari , Ian Durbach , Hussain Ali , Shoaib Hameed , Jaffar Ud Din , Muhammad Asif , Dmitri A. Petrov , Muhammad Ali Nawaz

Knowledge of the abundance and density of large carnivores, such as the globally vulnerable snow leopard (Panthera uncia), is crucial for their conservation and for evaluating management measures. The snow leopard inhabits remote and harsh terrain in high-altitude regions of South and Central Asia across 12 countries. It is one of the least studied large mammals in Pakistan, and reliable data on its populations are scarce across its range. The current study adopted a new noninvasive genetics approach—a snow leopard-specific SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) panel designed for individual identification. Over one thousand putative snow leopard scats were collected along transects across the species' distribution range in Pakistan from 2017 to 2023, of which 235 were genetically identified as belonging to snow leopards. A total of 179 snow leopard samples were successfully genotyped, yielding 56 unique individuals, comprising 63% males. Model averaging over top Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture (SECR) model predicted an average density of 0.17 snow leopards per 100 km² potential habitat (95% CL 0.130–0.225) across the species' range in Pakistan, with an estimated population of 167.9 (95% CI 129.0–220.6). Current study findings suggest that the new SNP panel, in combination with SECR, provides an effective means of monitoring snow leopard populations. The results validate camera trap-derived population estimates and establish a reliable baseline for monitoring the snow leopard population in Pakistan. Additionally, we recommend enhancing the surveillance of protected areas, which are home to most of the snow leopard populations, to decrease poaching and facilitate the growth of both snow leopards and their prey.

了解大型食肉动物的丰富度和密度，如全球脆弱的雪豹（Panthera uncia），对它们的保护和评估管理措施至关重要。雪豹生活在南亚和中亚12个国家高海拔地区偏远而恶劣的地形上。它是巴基斯坦被研究最少的大型哺乳动物之一，关于其分布范围内的数量的可靠数据很少。目前的研究采用了一种新的非侵入性遗传学方法——设计用于个体鉴定的雪豹特异性SNP（单核苷酸多态性）面板。从2017年到2023年，在巴基斯坦的物种分布范围内，沿横断面收集了1000多张假定的雪豹粪便，其中235张经基因鉴定属于雪豹。对179个雪豹样本进行基因分型，得到56个独特个体，其中雄性占63%。在空间明确捕获-再捕获（SECR）模型上进行平均模型预测，在巴基斯坦的物种范围内，每100平方公里潜在栖息地的平均密度为0.17只雪豹（95% CI 0.130-0.225），估计种群为167.9只（95% CI 129.0-220.6）。目前的研究结果表明，新的SNP面板，结合SECR，提供了监测雪豹种群的有效手段。研究结果验证了摄像机捕获的种群估计，并为监测巴基斯坦雪豹种群建立了可靠的基线。此外，我们建议加强对保护区的监控，这些保护区是大多数雪豹的家园，以减少偷猎，促进雪豹和它们的猎物的生长。

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引用次数: 0

Fishing patterns shaped by history, place, and access leave lasting ecological signatures on coral reef fish assemblages 受历史、地点和通道影响的捕捞模式在珊瑚礁鱼类群落中留下了持久的生态印记

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111675

Radhika Nair , Siddhi Jaishankar , Mayukh Dey , Wenzel Pinto , B.T. Rajeswari Bhai , Teresa Alcoverro , Rohan Arthur

As global demand for seafood increases, reef fisheries expand with increasing mobility and market integration. Yet, many remain small-scale and informally regulated, where place-based knowledge shapes how fishing is distributed across space and between diverse resource users. These social geographies impact reef fish assemblages, with consequences for ecosystem function. However, this is challenging to document in data-poor fisheries. We used a mixed-methods approach with i. interview surveys to characterise perceptions of catch availability, spatial patterns and intensity of reef fishing and ii. in-water surveys to quantify the impact of fishing on fish communities, in the Lakshadweep archipelago (Indian Ocean). We found that although the fishery is nominally open access, subsistence fishing was limited to a distinct ‘home resource catchment’; confined to reefs proximate to inhabited islands. The recently emerged commercial reef fishery maintains profitability by focusing on distant, uninhabited atolls that have not experienced historical pressure and are perceived as richer fishing grounds. This represents a ‘spatial fix’, where problems of overaccumulation are solved by expanding or restructuring geographical space. Historically fished, proximate reefs are associated with significantly lower biomass (up to 69.8 %) and abundance (up to 97.14 %) of target predator species than reefs of distant, uninhabited atolls. The densely populated capital atoll shows the strongest fishing impacts with significant differences in size structure and community composition as well. Our approach reveals nuances in how subsistence and commercial fishers navigate shared resources and highlights a critical need for careful understanding of the social geographies of reef use.

随着全球对海产品需求的增加，珊瑚礁渔业随着流动性和市场一体化的增加而扩大。然而，许多渔业仍然是小规模的，受到非正式的监管，基于地方的知识决定了渔业如何在空间上和不同资源使用者之间分布。这些社会地理位置影响了珊瑚鱼的聚集，从而影响了生态系统的功能。然而，在数据匮乏的渔业中记录这一情况具有挑战性。我们使用了一种混合方法的方法：1 .访谈调查来描述对捕捞可用性、空间模式和珊瑚礁捕捞强度的看法；在Lakshadweep群岛（印度洋）进行水中调查，以量化捕鱼对鱼类群落的影响。我们发现，虽然渔业名义上是开放的，但自给渔业仅限于一个独特的“家庭资源集水区”；局限于靠近有人居住的岛屿的暗礁。最近出现的商业珊瑚礁渔业通过将重点放在遥远的无人居住的环礁上来维持盈利，这些环礁没有经历过历史压力，被认为是更丰富的渔场。这代表了一种“空间修复”，通过扩大或重组地理空间来解决过度积累的问题。从历史上看，近地珊瑚礁的生物量（高达69.8%）和目标捕食者物种的丰度（高达97.14%）明显低于遥远的无人居住的环礁。人口密集的首都环礁对渔业的影响最大，其大小结构和群落组成也存在显著差异。我们的方法揭示了生计渔民和商业渔民如何在共享资源中导航的细微差别，并强调了仔细理解珊瑚礁使用的社会地理的迫切需要。

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引用次数: 0

The Bird Gap: Using U.S. State Birds as Indicators of Climate Impacts and Nature Access Across racial groups 鸟类差距：使用美国州鸟作为气候影响和跨种族自然获取的指标

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111667

Abby Luna, Tyler N. McFadden

Biodiversity and access to nature are often distributed unequally by race, income, age, and other socioeconomic factors. Climate change and associated biodiversity losses may reshape human-biodiversity interactions and exacerbate existing inequalities. In this study, we examined the combined effects of climate change and race on access to nature in the United States. Specifically, we used U.S. state birds as a case study illustrating a novel approach for measuring access to culturally relevant species. By overlaying published species distribution models with U.S. Census data, we quantified access to state birds for 328 million U.S. residents and analyzed how access changed under multiple warming scenarios. We found that 84.6 % of residents have access to their state bird under the current climate. Access decreased to 79.4, 75.4, and 71.4 % under 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 °C warming scenarios, respectively. In the 3.0 °C scenario, 43.3 million fewer people would be able to see their state bird in their own neighborhood. People of Color and White residents currently experience similar access in most states (6 have a racial gap of >5 %) and climate change had inconsistent effects on racial disparities. However, access to state birds is likely contingent on species ecology, patterns of human settlement, and people's capability, opportunity, and motivation to observe their state bird. We discuss three case studies that exemplify common patterns of changing access to state birds. Our study underscores the deep human cost of biodiversity loss and demonstrates an approach assessing inequities in access to culturally important species.

生物多样性和对自然的获取往往因种族、收入、年龄和其他社会经济因素而分配不均。气候变化和相关的生物多样性丧失可能重塑人类与生物多样性的相互作用，并加剧现有的不平等。在这项研究中，我们研究了气候变化和种族对美国大自然的综合影响。具体来说，我们使用美国州鸟作为案例研究，说明了一种测量文化相关物种获取的新方法。通过将已发表的物种分布模型与美国人口普查数据叠加，我们量化了3.28亿美国居民对州鸟的获取，并分析了在多种变暖情景下获取途径的变化。我们发现，在目前的气候条件下，84.6%的居民可以接触到他们的州鸟。在1.5°C、2.0°C和3.0°C变暖情景下，获取率分别降至79.4、75.4和71.4%。在3.0°C的情况下，4330万人将无法在自己的社区看到他们的州鸟。目前，在大多数州，有色人种和白人居民的入学机会相似（6个州的种族差距为5%），气候变化对种族差异的影响并不一致。然而，是否能接触到州鸟可能取决于物种生态、人类居住模式以及人们观察其州鸟的能力、机会和动机。我们讨论了三个案例研究，说明了州鸟获取途径变化的常见模式。我们的研究强调了生物多样性丧失对人类造成的巨大损失，并展示了一种评估文化上重要物种获取不平等的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Social media data reveal novel habitats for invasive species 社交媒体数据揭示了入侵物种的新栖息地

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111668

Shawan Chowdhury , Rochita Debnath , Niloy Hawladar , Scarlett R. Howard , Kathryn A. Hodgins , Bob B.M. Wong , Ivan Jarić

Invasive alien species pose significant threats to biodiversity, yet their distributions remain poorly documented across much of the tropics. Using Bangladesh, a megapopulated tropical country, we combine species distribution data from Facebook and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to evaluate how data integration improves invasive alien species distribution. Our compiled dataset contains 11,455 occurrence records for 65 species. Although Facebook contributed only 6 % of the total records, it provided more data than GBIF for two-thirds of the species and served as the unique source of distribution data for 23 species. Incorporating Facebook data increased estimated range sizes for 44 species and expanded the spatial extent of species distributions by 14 %. Facebook records also exhibited distinct environmental patterns, often in urban and human-impacted areas. We demonstrate that social media can help fill critical biodiversity data gaps in under-sampled regions and should be integrated into invasive species monitoring and conservation planning frameworks.

外来入侵物种对生物多样性构成了重大威胁，但它们在热带大部分地区的分布记录却很少。我们利用人口众多的热带国家孟加拉国，结合Facebook和全球生物多样性信息设施（GBIF）的物种分布数据，评估数据整合如何改善外来入侵物种分布。我们编译的数据集包含65个物种的11,455条发生记录。虽然Facebook只贡献了全部记录的6%，但它提供了比GBIF更多的三分之二物种的数据，并且是23个物种分布数据的唯一来源。结合Facebook数据增加了44个物种的估计范围大小，并将物种分布的空间范围扩大了14%。Facebook的记录也显示出不同的环境模式，通常是在城市和受人类影响的地区。我们证明，社交媒体可以帮助填补采样不足地区的关键生物多样性数据空白，并应纳入入侵物种监测和保护规划框架。

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引用次数: 0

Balancing renewable energy and biodiversity: Assessing solar farm effects on bat activity 平衡可再生能源和生物多样性：评估太阳能农场对蝙蝠活动的影响

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111661

Alice Baudouin , Nicolas Hette-Tronquart , Céline Brun , Nicolas Gay , Vivien Chartendrault , Christian Kerbiriou

Rapid expansion of renewable energy infrastructure is essential for climate change mitigation but may lead to trade-offs with biodiversity conservation. Although solar energy is among the fastest-growing renewable technologies worldwide, its ecological impacts remain poorly understood. Recent studies indicate that ground-mounted solar farms can reduce bat activity and alter community composition, with effects varying among species and site contexts (Barré & Baudouin et al., 2024; Szabadi et al., 2023; Tinsley et al., 2023). However, these findings are limited geographically and rarely cover Mediterranean ecosystems. To address this knowledge gap, this study investigates the effects of ground-mounted solar farms on bat activity in the French Mediterranean region—a hotspot for photovoltaic installations, by conducting standardized acoustic surveys at 15 solar farms. Bat activity was measured both inside solar farm cores/edges and in surrounding habitats, and the effects of farm size, panel technology, vegetation management, and farm age were analyzed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Results revealed that bat activity was significantly lower within solar farms for multiple species and guilds, with further reductions toward the core zones; fixed panel systems were associated with more bat activity than single-axis trackers, and vegetation management had species-specific outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of strategic planning, environmental impact assessments using Before-After-Control-Impact designs, and the prioritization of brownfields for solar development to minimize negative effects on bat populations. Integrating ecological mitigation strategies in solar farm design and management is crucial to achieving sustainable energy transition aligned with biodiversity conservation.

迅速扩大可再生能源基础设施对于减缓气候变化至关重要，但可能导致与生物多样性保护之间的权衡。尽管太阳能是世界上发展最快的可再生能源技术之一，但人们对它的生态影响知之甚少。最近的研究表明，地面太阳能农场可以减少蝙蝠的活动并改变群落组成，其影响因物种和地点环境而异（barr等人，2024；Szabadi等人，2023；Tinsley等人，2023）。然而，这些发现在地理上是有限的，很少涵盖地中海生态系统。为了解决这一知识差距，本研究通过对15个太阳能农场进行标准化声学调查，调查了法国地中海地区地面太阳能农场对蝙蝠活动的影响，该地区是光伏装置的热点。研究人员测量了太阳能农场核心/边缘和周围栖息地的蝙蝠活动，并使用广义线性混合模型分析了农场规模、面板技术、植被管理和农场年龄的影响。结果表明，在多个物种和行会的太阳能发电场内，蝙蝠的活动显著降低，向核心区进一步减少；固定面板系统比单轴跟踪器与更多蝙蝠活动相关，植被管理具有物种特异性结果。这些发现强调了战略规划的重要性，采用控制前后影响设计进行环境影响评估，以及优先考虑棕地的太阳能开发，以尽量减少对蝙蝠种群的负面影响。将生态缓解战略纳入太阳能发电场的设计和管理，对于实现与生物多样性保护相一致的可持续能源转型至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Expanding protected areas to conserve habitat connectivity for giant panda 扩大保护区，保护大熊猫栖息地的连通性

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111651

Hu Zhang , Zongkun Shi , Thomas Connor , Yujun Wang , Desheng Li , Dunwu Qi , Hongbo Yang , Xiaodong Gu , Weihua Xu , Zhenhua Zang , Jindong Zhang , Zejun Zhang

Habitat connectivity is crucial for species persistence. Although China has established numerous protected areas (PAs) for giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) conservation, their contribution to habitat connectivity remains unclear. To address this, we delineated important habitat connectivity areas (IHCAs) across its entire distribution range and assessed the degree of protection afforded to these areas by the PA network, measured by protection extent and ratio. Furthermore, we identified priority areas for habitat connectivity conservation by analyzing the extent of human modification within IHCAs. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted by varying the IHCA delineation threshold to evaluate the robustness of the protection metrics (extent and ratio). In total, we delineated 17,199 km² of IHCAs, with the protection ratio increasing from 49 % under traditional nature reserves to 72 % under the Giant Panda National Park and 76 % when both were combined. Among mountain ranges, Minshan had the largest IHCA protection extent, Qinling had the highest protection ratio, and Liangshan the lowest in both metrics. Approximately 26 % of IHCAs are affected by moderate-to-high human modification, with three-quarters of this affected area located in Qionglai and Minshan. Although IHCA protection ratios were robust, the absolute protection extent varied substantially, with coefficients of variation exceeding 50 % in Xiaoxiangling and Liangshan. Overall, we recommend expanding PAs in Qionglai and Minshan while prioritizing connectivity restoration in Liangshan. These findings highlight shortcomings in the panda PA network, provide insights for improving connectivity, and offer a generalizable framework for other species threatened by habitat fragmentation.

栖息地的连通性对物种的持久性至关重要。尽管中国已经建立了许多大熊猫保护区，但它们对栖息地连通性的贡献尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们在其整个分布范围内划定了重要的栖息地连通性区域（ihca），并评估了PA网络对这些区域的保护程度，以保护程度和保护比率来衡量。此外，我们通过分析人类活动对IHCAs的影响程度，确定了栖息地连通性保护的优先区域。最后，通过改变IHCA划定阈值进行敏感性分析，以评估保护指标（范围和比率）的稳健性。共圈定ihca 17199 km2，保护率由传统自然保护区的49%提高到大熊猫国家公园的72%，两者结合后达到76%。在山区中，岷山的IHCA保护程度最大，秦岭的IHCA保护比例最高，梁山的IHCA保护比例最低。大约26%的ihca受到中度至高度人为修改的影响，其中四分之三的受影响地区位于邛崃和岷山。虽然IHCA保护比率较高，但绝对保护程度差异较大，小香岭和凉山的变异系数超过50%。总的来说，我们建议在琼莱和岷山扩大保护区，同时优先恢复凉山的连通性。这些发现突出了大熊猫保护区网络的不足，为改善连通性提供了见解，并为其他受栖息地碎片化威胁的物种提供了一个可推广的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Local communities affect conservation effectiveness of protected area on a critically endangered primate 当地社区影响保护区对一种极度濒危灵长类动物的保护效果

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111659

Ye Zhang , Xia Huang , Hanlan Liu , Pengfei Fan , Lu Zhang

Conservation effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) is determined by conservation interventions within PAs, as well as anthropogenic impacts from local communities surrounding PAs. Accounting for spatial heterogeneity of anthropogenic impacts at the sub-PA scale, populations of threatened species in different sectors of a PA may respond differently, even though conservation interventions are usually implemented congruously throughout the PA. As a case study, we assessed the population change of the Critically Endangered western black crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor) over the past decade in Wuliangshan National Nature Reserve in China. We also conducted interviews with 605 residents in 99 villages surrounding the reserve to obtain their gibbon knowledge and attitude toward wildlife, as well as their production activities in and outside the reserve. We then assessed the impact of environmental variables and anthropogenic factors on the gibbon population change. We found an overall increase in gibbon population through the reserve, although it varied across different sectors. Gibbon population change was positively affected by elevation and local residents' gibbon knowledge and attitude toward wildlife. Furthermore, demographic factors such as age, gender, and education level, as well as conservation outreach, contribute to gibbon conservation indirectly through enhancing residents' gibbon knowledge and attitude toward wildlife. Our study underlines the importance of incorporating local communities in threatened species conservation, suggesting that conservation outreach and community-based conservation are essential to the improvement of PA conservation effectiveness.

保护区的保护效果取决于保护区内的保护干预措施以及保护区周围社区的人为影响。考虑到人为影响在亚保护区尺度上的空间异质性，尽管保护干预措施通常在整个保护区一致实施，但保护区不同区域的受威胁物种种群可能会有不同的响应。以中国无凉山国家级自然保护区为研究对象，分析了近十年来濒危物种西部黑冠长臂猿（Nomascus concolor）的种群变化。我们还对保护区周围99个村庄的605名居民进行了访谈，了解他们对野生动物的认识和态度，以及他们在保护区内外的生产活动。分析了环境变量和人为因素对长臂猿种群变化的影响。我们发现长臂猿种群在保护区总体上有所增加，尽管在不同的区域有所不同。长臂猿种群的变化受到海拔高度和当地居民对野生动物的认识和态度的积极影响。此外，年龄、性别、受教育程度等人口因素以及保护推广活动也通过提高居民对野生动物的认识和态度，间接促进了长臂猿的保护。我们的研究强调了将当地社区纳入濒危物种保护的重要性，表明保护外展和社区保护对提高PA保护效果至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing restoration outcomes in the Brazilian Cerrado: A spatial planning framework integrating endemic lizard biodiversity, connectivity, and costs 优化巴西塞拉多地区的恢复结果：一个整合地方性蜥蜴生物多样性、连通性和成本的空间规划框架

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111673

Ana Caroline Cardoso Aragão , Ticiane de Lima Costa , Guarino Rinaldi Colli

Given the extensive loss and fragmentation of natural areas in the Brazilian Cerrado, ecological restoration of degraded lands is essential to halt biodiversity decline in this globally significant hotspot. Ambitious restoration targets, limited financial resources, and data-limited contexts demand strategies that address these challenges while ensuring cost-effectiveness. We developed an innovative spatial prioritization framework using the prioritizr package in R to identify priority areas for restoration in the Cerrado, integrating endemic lizard biodiversity, functional connectivity, and restoration costs. For species with few occurrence records, we built Species Distribution Models (SDMs) based on phylogenetic inference, applying the ENphylo method recently proposed in the literature, while conventional SDMs were used for species with sufficient records. By combining total species richness and the richness of threatened species as proxies for biodiversity value, we accounted for both conservation urgency and representativeness. Functional connectivity was assessed by quantifying the contribution of each restorable area to landscape connectivity, whereas restoration cost was estimated using natural regeneration potential as a proxy. The optimization produced an efficient and replicable solution that identified four focal regions for restoration—central, southeastern, western, and northern Cerrado—balancing ecological value with implementation feasibility. These results highlight the need for strategic restoration in regions under heavy agricultural pressure and habitat fragmentation. Our approach advances restoration planning in data-limited contexts by integrating cutting-edge biodiversity modeling and optimization tools, offering a robust framework to inform national and global restoration policies and biodiversity planning efforts across tropical ecosystems facing similar conservation and socio-economic challenges.

鉴于巴西塞拉多自然区域的广泛丧失和破碎化，退化土地的生态恢复对于阻止这一全球重要热点地区生物多样性下降至关重要。雄心勃勃的恢复目标、有限的财政资源和数据有限的环境需要在确保成本效益的同时解决这些挑战的策略。我们开发了一个创新的空间优先级框架，利用R中的优先级包来确定塞拉多的优先恢复区域，综合当地蜥蜴的生物多样性、功能连通性和恢复成本。对于发生记录较少的物种，采用文献中提出的ENphylo方法建立基于系统发育推断的物种分布模型（species Distribution Models, SDMs），而对于发生记录较多的物种则采用常规的物种分布模型。通过将物种总丰富度和受威胁物种丰富度作为生物多样性价值的代表，我们兼顾了保护的紧迫性和代表性。通过量化每个可恢复区域对景观连通性的贡献来评估功能连通性，而使用自然再生潜力作为代理来估计恢复成本。优化产生了一个高效且可复制的解决方案，确定了塞拉多中部、东南部、西部和北部四个重点恢复区域，以平衡生态价值和实施可行性。这些结果强调了在农业压力大、栖息地破碎化的地区进行战略恢复的必要性。我们的方法通过整合尖端的生物多样性建模和优化工具，在数据有限的背景下推进恢复规划，为面临类似保护和社会经济挑战的热带生态系统的国家和全球恢复政策和生物多样性规划工作提供了一个强大的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Scaling the web: Unraveling online reptile leather trade networks with machine learning and network analysis 扩展网络：用机器学习和网络分析解开在线爬行动物皮革交易网络

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111672

G.A. Petrossian , J. Lang , J. von Ferber , U. Gondhali , B. Lieu , K. Bernstein , J. Barbosa , K. Sharma , S. Chakraborty , J. Freire

Since COVID-19, the illegal wildlife trade (IWT) has made a massive transition from physical to online marketplaces, creating new challenges for identifying and tracking the trade of reptile leather products. Social network analysis has been used in the past to identify networks of key actors and generate strategies to dismantle these networks. However, these analyses have been limited to actors interacting in the physical space. We utilise machine learning (ML) and large language models (LLMs) to extract advertisements on potential illegal sales of small leather items on eBay as the case-study marketplace. We use social network analysis to identify key actors, products, and eBay sites where these activities occur, and network percolation analysis to determine which network disruption strategies offer the most optimal network dismantlement. We found that online reptile leather trade is highly concentrated, with a small number of species, product types, and countries dominating the market, especially for such luxury products as crocodile bags. Network percolation analyses revealed that targeted interventions focusing on high-degree product types (rather than sellers or shipping countries) are most effective at disrupting the market. These findings suggest that regulatory agencies should prioritise enforcement at key market chokepoints by requiring all online listings of reptile leather products to display valid CITES permits, include the full scientific and common species names, and show non-reusable CITES tags in product images. E-commerce platforms like eBay must enforce these requirements to ensure compliance with domestic and international wildlife trade laws.

自2019冠状病毒病以来，非法野生动物贸易已从实体市场大规模过渡到在线市场，为识别和跟踪爬行动物皮革制品贸易带来了新的挑战。社会网络分析在过去被用来识别关键行为者的网络，并产生拆除这些网络的策略。然而，这些分析仅限于在物理空间中相互作用的参与者。我们利用机器学习（ML）和大型语言模型（llm）来提取eBay上潜在的非法销售小皮革物品的广告作为案例研究市场。我们使用社会网络分析来确定这些活动发生的关键角色、产品和eBay网站，并使用网络渗透分析来确定哪种网络破坏策略提供最优的网络拆除。我们发现，网上爬行动物皮革交易高度集中，品种、产品类型和国家数量都很少，尤其是鳄鱼包等奢侈品。网络渗透分析显示，针对高程度产品类型（而不是卖家或运输国家）的有针对性干预在扰乱市场方面最有效。这些发现表明，监管机构应优先在关键的市场瓶颈处进行执法，要求所有爬行动物皮革制品的在线清单显示有效的CITES许可证，包括完整的科学和常见物种名称，并在产品图像中显示不可重复使用的CITES标签。像eBay这样的电子商务平台必须执行这些要求，以确保遵守国内和国际野生动物贸易法。

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引用次数: 0

Context matters: German public perceptions of trophy hunting in sub-Saharan Africa 背景很重要：德国公众对撒哈拉以南非洲战利品狩猎的看法

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111681

Emu-Felicitas Ostermann-Miyashita , Sophia Hibler , Lovemore Sibanda , Darragh Hare

Proposed bans on the import of hunting trophies from African countries to Europe continue to spark international political tensions and public debate. Despite heated debates in Germany, Europe's largest and the world's second largest importer, empirical evidence on public perceptions is limited. Using an experimental vignette approach, we administered an online questionnaire to 882 rural and urban German participants and used ordinal regression to assess the acceptability of trophy hunting of African elephants and zebras. Overall acceptability was low, with 59.7–90.8 % of participants rating the hunting scenarios as unacceptable to a certain extent, but varied by context: while hunting a zebra was more acceptable than an elephant, participants showed consistency in whether they prioritised the need of people or that of wildlife, both in the usage of the hunted meat and the allocation of the revenue of the hunt. We did not find evidence for a rural-urban divide, while acceptability between zebra and elephant hunts was more pronounced among rural participants. Acceptability was higher among male participants, those who prioritised the interests of people over the interests of wild animals, and those who identified as hunters. Our findings emphasise the international complexities of public opinion on contentious issues in conservation and illuminate challenges decision-makers face when balancing the interests and perspectives of multiple publics.

禁止从非洲国家向欧洲进口狩猎战利品的提议继续引发国际政治紧张局势和公众辩论。尽管在欧洲最大、世界第二大进口国德国国内争论激烈，但有关公众看法的经验证据有限。采用实验小片段法，我们对882名德国农村和城市参与者进行了在线问卷调查，并使用有序回归来评估非洲象和斑马的战利品狩猎的可接受性。总体可接受性较低，59.7 - 90.8%的参与者认为狩猎场景在一定程度上是不可接受的，但因环境而异：虽然狩猎斑马比大象更可接受，但参与者在优先考虑人的需求还是野生动物的需求方面表现出一致性，无论是在狩猎肉的使用还是狩猎收入的分配上。我们没有发现农村和城市之间存在差异的证据，而在农村参与者中，对斑马和大象狩猎的接受程度更为明显。男性参与者、那些将人类利益置于野生动物利益之上的人，以及那些自认为是猎人的人，接受度更高。我们的研究结果强调了在有争议的保护问题上公众舆论的国际复杂性，并阐明了决策者在平衡多个公众的利益和观点时所面临的挑战。

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引用次数: 0