Biological Conservation最新文献_第8页

Local communities affect conservation effectiveness of protected area on a critically endangered primate 当地社区影响保护区对一种极度濒危灵长类动物的保护效果

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111659

Ye Zhang , Xia Huang , Hanlan Liu , Pengfei Fan , Lu Zhang

Conservation effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) is determined by conservation interventions within PAs, as well as anthropogenic impacts from local communities surrounding PAs. Accounting for spatial heterogeneity of anthropogenic impacts at the sub-PA scale, populations of threatened species in different sectors of a PA may respond differently, even though conservation interventions are usually implemented congruously throughout the PA. As a case study, we assessed the population change of the Critically Endangered western black crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor) over the past decade in Wuliangshan National Nature Reserve in China. We also conducted interviews with 605 residents in 99 villages surrounding the reserve to obtain their gibbon knowledge and attitude toward wildlife, as well as their production activities in and outside the reserve. We then assessed the impact of environmental variables and anthropogenic factors on the gibbon population change. We found an overall increase in gibbon population through the reserve, although it varied across different sectors. Gibbon population change was positively affected by elevation and local residents' gibbon knowledge and attitude toward wildlife. Furthermore, demographic factors such as age, gender, and education level, as well as conservation outreach, contribute to gibbon conservation indirectly through enhancing residents' gibbon knowledge and attitude toward wildlife. Our study underlines the importance of incorporating local communities in threatened species conservation, suggesting that conservation outreach and community-based conservation are essential to the improvement of PA conservation effectiveness.

保护区的保护效果取决于保护区内的保护干预措施以及保护区周围社区的人为影响。考虑到人为影响在亚保护区尺度上的空间异质性，尽管保护干预措施通常在整个保护区一致实施，但保护区不同区域的受威胁物种种群可能会有不同的响应。以中国无凉山国家级自然保护区为研究对象，分析了近十年来濒危物种西部黑冠长臂猿（Nomascus concolor）的种群变化。我们还对保护区周围99个村庄的605名居民进行了访谈，了解他们对野生动物的认识和态度，以及他们在保护区内外的生产活动。分析了环境变量和人为因素对长臂猿种群变化的影响。我们发现长臂猿种群在保护区总体上有所增加，尽管在不同的区域有所不同。长臂猿种群的变化受到海拔高度和当地居民对野生动物的认识和态度的积极影响。此外，年龄、性别、受教育程度等人口因素以及保护推广活动也通过提高居民对野生动物的认识和态度，间接促进了长臂猿的保护。我们的研究强调了将当地社区纳入濒危物种保护的重要性，表明保护外展和社区保护对提高PA保护效果至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts timing of floral resource availability 夜间人造光（ALAN）扰乱了植物资源可利用的时间

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111650

Vincent Grognuz , Katja Gisler , Eva Knop

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a rapidly expanding form of pollution that alters natural light regimes and threatens biodiversity. While many studies have documented its effects on animal behaviour, the consequences for plants, and the ecological services they provide, remain underexplored. We investigated how ALAN modifies the timing and availability of floral resources in wild plant communities of central European agricultural landscapes. From 2022 to 2023, we conducted a large-scale field experiment in Swiss wildflower strips, exposing sites to LED streetlights to simulate ALAN (n = 14) while paired controls remained dark (n = 14). Using phenological monitoring and time-lapse photography, we quantified both daily and seasonal changes across multiple species. At the daily scale, ALAN altered flower opening and closing patterns, delaying petal closure in a night-flowering species and advancing morning opening in a day-flowering species. At the seasonal scale, ALAN advanced seedling emergence in half of the species studied (n = 6) and shifted flowering schedules in 75 % (n = 16). In some cases, flowering onset, progression, and peak bloom occurred more than 10 days earlier, while other species showed delayed flower disappearance. These shifts change when floral resources are available in the landscape, potentially exposing reproductive stages to suboptimal abiotic conditions and disrupting synchrony with pollinators and herbivores. Such desynchronization may reduce reproductive success, alter interaction networks, and cascade to affect community composition. Our findings demonstrate that ALAN alters the temporal dynamics of plant resources at both daily and seasonal scales, potentially disrupting ecosystem stability.

夜间人造光（ALAN）是一种迅速扩大的污染形式，它改变了自然光的状态，威胁着生物多样性。虽然许多研究记录了它对动物行为的影响，但对植物的影响及其提供的生态服务仍未得到充分探讨。我们研究了ALAN如何改变中欧农业景观野生植物群落中花卉资源的时间和可用性。从2022年到2023年，我们在瑞士野花带进行了大规模的野外实验，将场地暴露在LED路灯下以模拟ALAN (n = 14)，而配对对照保持黑暗（n = 14）。通过物候监测和延时摄影，我们量化了多个物种的日变化和季节变化。在日常尺度上，ALAN改变了花的开放和关闭模式，在夜间开花的物种中，花瓣关闭时间延迟，在白天开花的物种中，花瓣开放时间提前。在季节尺度上，ALAN提前了一半（n = 6）被研究物种的出苗时间，并改变了75% （n = 16）的开花时间。有些品种的开花开始、进展和盛花期提前了10天以上，而其他品种的花消失则延迟了10天。当植物资源在景观中可用时，这些变化就会发生变化，可能使生殖阶段暴露在次优的非生物条件下，并破坏与传粉者和食草动物的同步性。这种不同步可能降低繁殖成功率，改变相互作用网络，并级联影响群落组成。我们的研究结果表明，ALAN在日和季节尺度上改变了植物资源的时间动态，潜在地破坏了生态系统的稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Losses of specialist and expansion of thermophilic generalist macro-moths in nature reserves of Central Europe 中欧自然保护区嗜热通才大蛾的丧失和扩张

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111646

Jan Christian Habel , Robert Trusch , Oliver Karbiener , Thomas Schmitt , Werner Ulrich

Ongoing environmental change has caused significant modifications in the diversity, abundance and community composition of insects across Central Europe. Nocturnal insects, such as macro-moths, are species rich and represent a large part of insect biomass, but are underrepresented in scientific studies. In this study, we analysed long-term changes of macro-moth diversity and community composition across south-western Germany, using records from two time periods: 1970–2000 and 2001–2020 obtained at identical study sites, almost all nature reserves. Total species richness remained constant, while local species composition changed significantly. Endangered and specialized open landscape species, and those adapted to bogs and coniferous forests became less common. Thermophilic species adapted to dry mixed forests became more abundant. The macro-moth communities became considerably more uniform and are increasingly dominated by common habitat generalist species. The decline in specialized open-landscape species seems to be due to losses of formerly extensively used grassland and agricultural intensification. Species with Mediterranean core areas increased in abundance. Likely, climate and land-use change will strengthen the observed trends and continue to reshape macro-moth communities, with the potential for continued compositional homogenisation.

持续的环境变化导致中欧昆虫的多样性、丰度和群落组成发生了重大变化。夜行昆虫，如大蛾，种类丰富，占昆虫生物量的很大一部分，但在科学研究中代表性不足。在这项研究中，我们分析了德国西南部大蛾多样性和群落组成的长期变化，使用了两个时间段的记录：1970-2000年和2001-2020年，这些记录来自几乎所有自然保护区的相同研究地点。物种丰富度总体保持不变，但局部物种组成发生显著变化。濒危和特殊的开放景观物种，以及适应沼泽和针叶林的物种变得越来越少。适应干燥混交林的嗜热物种变得更加丰富。大蛾群落变得相当均匀，并越来越多地由共同生境的通才物种主导。专门开放景观物种的减少似乎是由于以前广泛使用的草地的丧失和农业集约化。地中海核心区的物种数量增加。很可能，气候和土地利用变化将加强观测到的趋势，并继续重塑大型飞蛾群落，其组成可能继续同质化。

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引用次数: 0

Vultures thrive on more than livestock: small wild vertebrate carcasses are key for nestling growth 秃鹫不仅靠牲畜繁衍生息：小型野生脊椎动物的尸体是雏鸟生长的关键

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111643

Sara M. Gómez-Otero , Iñigo Donázar-Aramendía , Olga Ceballos , Eneko Arrondo , Alejandro Urmeneta , Ainara Cortés-Avizanda , José A. Donázar

Scavenging represents one of the least comprehensively understood ecological processes, despite growing research attention. Available knowledge is constrained by methodological limitations that frequently neglect the nutritional heterogeneity provided by carcasses of different species and tissue types. Carrion selection may thus depend not only on environmental factors but also on species-specific life-history traits. Here, we examine how carrion use by the globally endangered Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) varies throughout the breeding season, across a gradient of prey types ranging from livestock to small wild vertebrates. We analyzed bulk stable isotope values (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) in growing feathers of nestlings at the nest and assessed the influence of individual variables such as sex, age, and hatching order. Our results show that the consumption of small wild vertebrates is highest during early nestling development, likely driven by demand for micronutrients such as calcium during rapid skeletal growth. As nestlings mature, their diet shifts toward livestock carrion, particularly pig remains, likely supporting energy accumulation for fledging and post-reproductive migration. The trophic niche is broader early in development and narrows with age. These findings highlight a previously unrecognized temporal shift in diet that challenges conservation strategies relying solely on livestock carcass provisioning. Moreover, they may be relevant to other avian scavengers with similar ecological requirements. Overall, our study underscores the ecological importance of carrion diversity in shaping scavenger feeding strategies and has significant implications for conservation planning and ecosystem functioning.

尽管越来越多的研究关注，食腐是最不全面了解的生态过程之一。现有的知识受到方法学的限制，常常忽略了不同物种和组织类型的尸体所提供的营养异质性。因此，腐肉的选择可能不仅取决于环境因素，还取决于物种特有的生活史特征。在这里，我们研究了全球濒危的埃及秃鹫（Neophron percnopterus）在整个繁殖季节对腐肉的使用是如何变化的，从牲畜到小型野生脊椎动物的猎物类型梯度。分析了巢内雏鸟生长羽毛的总体稳定同位素值（δ13C和δ15N），并评估了性别、年龄和孵化顺序等个体变量对其的影响。我们的研究结果表明，小型野生脊椎动物在雏鸟早期发育期间的消耗最高，可能是由于骨骼快速生长期间对钙等微量营养素的需求所致。随着雏鸟的成熟，它们的饮食转向牲畜的腐肉，尤其是猪的尸体，这可能为雏鸟羽化和繁殖后的迁徙提供能量积累。营养生态位在发育早期较宽，随着年龄的增长逐渐缩小。这些发现强调了以前未被认识到的饮食的时间变化，这对仅依靠牲畜胴体供应的保护策略提出了挑战。此外，它们可能与其他具有类似生态需求的鸟类食腐动物有关。总的来说，我们的研究强调了腐肉多样性在形成食腐动物摄食策略方面的生态重要性，并对保护规划和生态系统功能具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Towards a unifying theory of conservation in production systems” [Biol. Conserv. 313 (2026) 111623] “迈向生产系统中守恒的统一理论”的勘误表[生物学]。保守。313 (2026)111623]

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111645

Philip Erm , Matthew H. Holden , Gianluca Cerullo , Rhys E. Green , Andrew Balmford

引用次数: 0

Dimming streetlights in urban areas reduces insect attraction but pipistrelle bats forage more in darkness 城市地区的路灯变暗会减少昆虫的吸引力，但pipistrelle蝙蝠更喜欢在黑暗中觅食

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111638

Sander W.J. Buddendorf , Hannah D. Broeckx , Jona van Delft , Astrid T. Groot , Marcel E. Visser , Emily R. Burdfield-Steel , Kamiel Spoelstra

Artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts the activity patterns of a wide range of organisms. Nocturnal animals are particularly vulnerable to this disruption, which can be especially severe in strongly illuminated urban environments. Reducing light intensity has been proposed as a mitigation measure, but the effectiveness of this strategy remains unclear. Here we studied how dimming urban streetlights affects pipistrelle bats and their prey, flying insects.

We measured bat and insect activity around dimmable streetlights, with night-to-night alternating high and low light intensity, and at a dark control site nearby. We applied interval photography to assess insect arrival on sticky sheets with a high temporal resolution, and continuously recorded bat activity.

Our results show that dimming streetlights did not affect pipistrelle bat activity, but reduced insect attraction. The presence of light, either dimmed or undimmed, did alter the predator-prey relationship in unexpected ways. Even though insects clustered around the lights, urban pipistrelle bats were more active and displayed higher relative foraging activity (‘buzz ratio’) in the relatively dark sites nearby. Nightly activity patterns of pipistrelles were not affected by dimming or light in general, whereas insect activity in the second half of the night was earlier around streetlights compared to in darkness.

Limiting insect attraction by dimming urban streetlights will likely benefit insect populations, which in turn is beneficial for bats in the long term. Our findings show that darkness is not only essential for bats and insects in natural areas, but in urban habitats as well.

夜间人造光（ALAN）会扰乱多种生物的活动模式。夜行动物特别容易受到这种干扰，在光照强烈的城市环境中尤其严重。降低光照强度已被提议作为一种缓解措施，但这一策略的有效性尚不清楚。在这里，我们研究了变暗的城市路灯如何影响pipistrelle蝙蝠和它们的猎物飞虫。我们测量了蝙蝠和昆虫在可调光路灯周围的活动，夜间交替高低光强度，以及附近的黑暗控制点。我们采用间隔摄影技术，以高时间分辨率评估粘片上昆虫的到达，并连续记录蝙蝠的活动。结果表明，调暗的路灯不会影响蝙蝠的活动，但会降低昆虫的吸引力。光的存在，无论是暗的还是不暗的，都以意想不到的方式改变了捕食者与猎物的关系。即使昆虫聚集在灯光周围，城市pipistrelle蝙蝠更活跃，在附近相对黑暗的地方表现出更高的相对觅食活动（“嗡嗡比”）。一般来说，pipistrelles的夜间活动模式不受调暗或光线的影响，而昆虫在下半夜的活动在路灯周围比在黑暗中更早。通过调暗城市路灯来限制昆虫的吸引力，可能有利于昆虫种群，从长远来看，这反过来对蝙蝠有益。我们的研究结果表明，黑暗不仅对自然地区的蝙蝠和昆虫至关重要，对城市栖息地也是如此。

{"title":"Dimming streetlights in urban areas reduces insect attraction but pipistrelle bats forage more in darkness","authors":"Sander W.J. Buddendorf , Hannah D. Broeckx , Jona van Delft , Astrid T. Groot , Marcel E. Visser , Emily R. Burdfield-Steel , Kamiel Spoelstra","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts the activity patterns of a wide range of organisms. Nocturnal animals are particularly vulnerable to this disruption, which can be especially severe in strongly illuminated urban environments. Reducing light intensity has been proposed as a mitigation measure, but the effectiveness of this strategy remains unclear. Here we studied how dimming urban streetlights affects pipistrelle bats and their prey, flying insects.</div><div>We measured bat and insect activity around dimmable streetlights, with night-to-night alternating high and low light intensity, and at a dark control site nearby. We applied interval photography to assess insect arrival on sticky sheets with a high temporal resolution, and continuously recorded bat activity.</div><div>Our results show that dimming streetlights did not affect pipistrelle bat activity, but reduced insect attraction. The presence of light, either dimmed or undimmed, did alter the predator-prey relationship in unexpected ways. Even though insects clustered around the lights, urban pipistrelle bats were more active and displayed higher relative foraging activity (‘buzz ratio’) in the relatively dark sites nearby. Nightly activity patterns of pipistrelles were not affected by dimming or light in general, whereas insect activity in the second half of the night was earlier around streetlights compared to in darkness.</div><div>Limiting insect attraction by dimming urban streetlights will likely benefit insect populations, which in turn is beneficial for bats in the long term. Our findings show that darkness is not only essential for bats and insects in natural areas, but in urban habitats as well.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 111638"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expanding protected areas to conserve habitat connectivity for giant panda 扩大保护区，保护大熊猫栖息地的连通性

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111651

Hu Zhang , Zongkun Shi , Thomas Connor , Yujun Wang , Desheng Li , Dunwu Qi , Hongbo Yang , Xiaodong Gu , Weihua Xu , Zhenhua Zang , Jindong Zhang , Zejun Zhang

Habitat connectivity is crucial for species persistence. Although China has established numerous protected areas (PAs) for giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) conservation, their contribution to habitat connectivity remains unclear. To address this, we delineated important habitat connectivity areas (IHCAs) across its entire distribution range and assessed the degree of protection afforded to these areas by the PA network, measured by protection extent and ratio. Furthermore, we identified priority areas for habitat connectivity conservation by analyzing the extent of human modification within IHCAs. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted by varying the IHCA delineation threshold to evaluate the robustness of the protection metrics (extent and ratio). In total, we delineated 17,199 km² of IHCAs, with the protection ratio increasing from 49 % under traditional nature reserves to 72 % under the Giant Panda National Park and 76 % when both were combined. Among mountain ranges, Minshan had the largest IHCA protection extent, Qinling had the highest protection ratio, and Liangshan the lowest in both metrics. Approximately 26 % of IHCAs are affected by moderate-to-high human modification, with three-quarters of this affected area located in Qionglai and Minshan. Although IHCA protection ratios were robust, the absolute protection extent varied substantially, with coefficients of variation exceeding 50 % in Xiaoxiangling and Liangshan. Overall, we recommend expanding PAs in Qionglai and Minshan while prioritizing connectivity restoration in Liangshan. These findings highlight shortcomings in the panda PA network, provide insights for improving connectivity, and offer a generalizable framework for other species threatened by habitat fragmentation.

栖息地的连通性对物种的持久性至关重要。尽管中国已经建立了许多大熊猫保护区，但它们对栖息地连通性的贡献尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们在其整个分布范围内划定了重要的栖息地连通性区域（ihca），并评估了PA网络对这些区域的保护程度，以保护程度和保护比率来衡量。此外，我们通过分析人类活动对IHCAs的影响程度，确定了栖息地连通性保护的优先区域。最后，通过改变IHCA划定阈值进行敏感性分析，以评估保护指标（范围和比率）的稳健性。共圈定ihca 17199 km2，保护率由传统自然保护区的49%提高到大熊猫国家公园的72%，两者结合后达到76%。在山区中，岷山的IHCA保护程度最大，秦岭的IHCA保护比例最高，梁山的IHCA保护比例最低。大约26%的ihca受到中度至高度人为修改的影响，其中四分之三的受影响地区位于邛崃和岷山。虽然IHCA保护比率较高，但绝对保护程度差异较大，小香岭和凉山的变异系数超过50%。总的来说，我们建议在琼莱和岷山扩大保护区，同时优先恢复凉山的连通性。这些发现突出了大熊猫保护区网络的不足，为改善连通性提供了见解，并为其他受栖息地碎片化威胁的物种提供了一个可推广的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Trafficking in silence: The overlooked illegal trade of small felids in Colombia 无声的贩卖：哥伦比亚被忽视的小块田地非法交易

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111639

Natalia Muñoz Cassolis , Francisco Perera Rieder , Johana Herrera Montoya , Douglas MacMillan , Melissa Arias

Illegal wildlife trade (IWT) is a major driver of global biodiversity loss, supplying domestic and international markets with animals and their derivatives for food, medicine, luxury goods, and pets. While most felid trade studies have focused on big cats (Pantherinae) and their use in Asian traditional medicine and luxury markets, the trade in smaller species—particularly for the pet market—has been largely overlooked. In Colombia, research on felid threats and trafficking remains limited. This study addresses that gap by analysing law enforcement data on felid Seizures, Confiscations, Rescues, and Voluntary Surrenders from 2015 to 2021. We recorded 643 law enforcement events involving 708 individuals, the majority of which were live felids (80.1 %), particularly Ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) (57.1 %). Voluntary Surrenders, where an individual relinquishes wildlife possession, were the most frequent event type (60.1 %), concentrated in Antioquia (23.3 %) and Córdoba (7.9 %). Law enforcement events increased significantly over time (β = 10.79, p < 0.05). These findings raise concerns about the legal status of Voluntary Surrenders and their potential to mask trafficking, underscoring the urgent need to address the underestimated trade in small felids in Colombia.

非法野生动物贸易（IWT）是全球生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素，为国内和国际市场提供动物及其食品、药品、奢侈品和宠物的衍生物。虽然大多数猫科动物的贸易研究都集中在大型猫科动物（豹科）及其在亚洲传统医药和奢侈品市场上的用途上，但小型物种的贸易——尤其是宠物市场——在很大程度上被忽视了。在哥伦比亚，关于猫科动物威胁和贩运的研究仍然有限。本研究通过分析2015年至2021年实地缉获、没收、救援和自愿自首的执法数据，解决了这一差距。我们记录了643起执法事件，涉及708只个体，其中大多数是活的猫科动物（80.1%），特别是豹猫（Leopardus pardalis）（57.1%）。自愿投降，即个人放弃野生动物所有权，是最常见的事件类型（60.1%），集中在安蒂奥基亚（23.3%）和Córdoba（7.9%）。随着时间的推移，执法事件显著增加（β = 10.79, p < 0.05）。这些调查结果引起了人们对自愿投降者的法律地位及其掩盖贩运的可能性的关注，强调迫切需要解决哥伦比亚小块土地上被低估的贸易问题。

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引用次数: 0

Insects are underrepresented across red lists of threatened biodiversity in the Neotropics 在新热带地区受威胁的生物多样性红色名单中，昆虫的代表性不足

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111649

Gabriel Lopes Justino , Brooke Zanco , Laura Melissa Guzman , Alejandra Echeverri , Jorge Ari Noriega , Luis Fernando Fávaro , Juliano Morimoto

Insects are critical to the sustainability and productivity of ecosystems worldwide, yet up to 40 % of insects may face extinction in coming decades. Globally, Brazil is a major producer of agricultural commodities, but we lack robust studies to investigate policy gaps and biases that may threaten the sustainability of insect ecosystem services in this biodiversity-rich region. Our previous work in the UK and Ireland showed that conservation policies informed by species' red lists consistently underrepresent insect biodiversity. However, we still do not know whether similar patterns are present in biodiversity hotspots like Brazil, that rely proportionally more on insect ecosystem services for socioeconomic wealth. Here, we analyzed Brazil's three major red lists which influence national conservation policies: the IUCN Red List (2024), the Ministry of the Environment's official list (2022), and the Chico Mendes Institute's Red Book (2018). Nearly all insect orders are significantly underrepresented, except for Odonata. In contrast, vertebrate groups are consistently well-represented, underscoring a taxon-specific disparity rather than inherent limitations among all three lists. These findings highlight a key barrier to insect conservation in Brazil, where conservation biases threaten not only local biodiversity but also global food security. We argue for better methodologies and funding for more robust biodiversity assessments in underrepresented regions, such as Brazil. This is crucial for strengthening conservation policies to safeguard both ecological and socioeconomic systems against mounting anthropogenic pressures.

昆虫对全球生态系统的可持续性和生产力至关重要，但在未来几十年内，高达40%的昆虫可能面临灭绝。在全球范围内，巴西是一个主要的农产品生产国，但我们缺乏强有力的研究来调查可能威胁到这个生物多样性丰富地区昆虫生态系统服务可持续性的政策差距和偏见。我们之前在英国和爱尔兰的研究表明，根据物种红色名录制定的保护政策始终未能充分代表昆虫的生物多样性。然而，我们仍然不知道在巴西等生物多样性热点地区是否存在类似的模式，这些地区更多地依赖昆虫生态系统服务来获得社会经济财富。在这里，我们分析了影响巴西国家保护政策的三个主要红色名单：世界自然保护联盟红色名单（2024年），环境部官方名单（2022年）和奇科门德斯研究所的红皮书（2018年）。几乎所有的昆虫目都被严重低估了，除了蜻蜓目。相比之下，脊椎动物群体的代表性一直很好，这强调了分类群特定的差异，而不是所有三个列表中固有的局限性。这些发现突出了巴西昆虫保护的一个关键障碍，在巴西，保护偏见不仅威胁到当地的生物多样性，还威胁到全球粮食安全。我们主张在代表性不足的地区，如巴西，采用更好的方法和资金进行更有力的生物多样性评估。这对于加强保护政策以保护生态和社会经济系统免受日益增加的人为压力至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

The positive effects of canopy openness across post-disturbance management on insect diversity 冠层开度对昆虫多样性的正向影响

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111647

Mareike Kortmann , Rupert Seidl , Niklas Jaggy , Patrick Kacic , Jérôme Morinière , Jörg Müller

Forests across Europe are experiencing higher rates of tree mortality while many insect populations are declining, but the links between these two ecological changes are not well understood. While pulses of tree mortality from natural disturbances can enhance structural complexity through canopy openings and deadwood accumulation – both key elements for high value insect habitats – post-disturbance tree removal may reduce habitat quality. We systematically investigated the impact of natural disturbances and post-disturbance logging on total insect diversity across major European forest types, comparing triplets of undisturbed, disturbed, and cleared forest patches. Using metabarcoding and a newly developed phylogeny, we quantified taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity (standardized by sample coverage along Hill numbers) for 21,218 insect OTUs from 347 families and 19 orders. Disturbances and post-disturbance clearing increased taxonomic diversity by up to 12 % in disturbed and 26 % in cleared patches compared to undisturbed patches. However, phylogenetic diversity increased only for rare species. Spaceborne data identified canopy openness as the primary driver of this increase, but responses varied by feeding guilds, with parasitoids and fungivores showing the strongest diversity increase. Overall, our findings show that current post-disturbance logging of small-scale disturbances in Central Europe amplifies canopy openings created by natural disturbances. This leads to a positive response of insect diversity shortly after disturbance, yet effects vary among feeding guilds and phylogenetic lineages. Our combination of innovative spaceborne and metabarcoding information provides new insights into the complex impacts of increasing tree mortality on insect diversity in Central European forests.

整个欧洲的森林都在经历更高的树木死亡率，而许多昆虫数量正在下降，但这两种生态变化之间的联系还没有得到很好的理解。虽然自然干扰引起的树木死亡率的波动可以通过树冠开口和枯木积累（这两个因素都是高价值昆虫栖息地的关键因素）提高结构复杂性，但干扰后的树木移除可能会降低栖息地质量。我们系统地研究了自然干扰和干扰后采伐对欧洲主要森林类型昆虫总多样性的影响，比较了未受干扰、受干扰和砍伐后森林斑块的三组。利用元条形码技术和新建立的系统发育模型，对19目347科21218个昆虫OTUs的分类和系统发育多样性进行了定量分析（以Hill数为标准）。与未受干扰的斑块相比，干扰和干扰后的清除使受干扰斑块的分类多样性增加了12%，清除后的斑块增加了26%。然而，系统发育多样性仅在稀有物种中有所增加。星载数据表明，冠层开放度是这一增长的主要驱动因素，但不同的摄食行业对这一增长的反应各不相同，其中拟寄生物和食真菌动物的多样性增长最为明显。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，目前中欧对小尺度扰动的扰动后测井放大了自然扰动造成的冠层开口。这导致昆虫多样性在受到干扰后不久产生积极的反应，但影响因摄食行会和系统发育谱系而异。我们结合了创新的星载和元条形码信息，为中欧森林中树木死亡率增加对昆虫多样性的复杂影响提供了新的见解。

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