Tooth wear (erosion, attrition, or abrasion) has been reported with variable prevalence in children. These clinical entities present a wide range of dental problems and difficulty in dental management in growing children. If tooth wear and its causative/risk factors in primary dentition are not timely addressed, it may negatively affect the permanent teeth later. The current article presents the pediatric case report of successful and effective dental management of a 7-year-old healthy child having dental erosion and attrition with the past history of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Bruxism concurrently in addition to dietary factors (acidic fruits juices and soft-drink). This case presentation has been thoroughly described in a step-wise systematic manner to demonstrate the evidence-based clinical approach for managing such tooth wear problems (combined lesions of erosion and abrasion) in the young pediatric patient by preventive and conservative dental treatment modalities along with appropriate behavior management techniques. Moreover, a review of relevant dental literature about tooth wear and its different clinical aspects has been discussed in this article.
{"title":"Unusual combined dental attrition and erosion of primary teeth with its multiple risk factors: A rare pediatric case report with literature review","authors":"Mohammad Khan","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_200_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_200_22","url":null,"abstract":"Tooth wear (erosion, attrition, or abrasion) has been reported with variable prevalence in children. These clinical entities present a wide range of dental problems and difficulty in dental management in growing children. If tooth wear and its causative/risk factors in primary dentition are not timely addressed, it may negatively affect the permanent teeth later. The current article presents the pediatric case report of successful and effective dental management of a 7-year-old healthy child having dental erosion and attrition with the past history of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Bruxism concurrently in addition to dietary factors (acidic fruits juices and soft-drink). This case presentation has been thoroughly described in a step-wise systematic manner to demonstrate the evidence-based clinical approach for managing such tooth wear problems (combined lesions of erosion and abrasion) in the young pediatric patient by preventive and conservative dental treatment modalities along with appropriate behavior management techniques. Moreover, a review of relevant dental literature about tooth wear and its different clinical aspects has been discussed in this article.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":"50 1","pages":"268 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42814745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Time and again it has been envisaged that health-care services imparted should be inclusive and should be equitably distributed regardless of any sociodemographic determinants. The purpose of the current review is to identify the problems encountered by transgender people and the role of medical education in preparing medical professionals who are competent enough to address their special needs. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, and a total of 49 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives. Keywords used in the search include transgender and medical education in the title alone only. A number of studies and review articles have concluded that there is an urgent need to augment the knowledge, skills, and attitude of medical students to improve the clinical care of transgender people. Medical educators have to acknowledge the need and take concerted efforts to ensure the delivery of holistic, transgender-specific health-care education to all medical students. To conclude, transgender people have been subjected to a wide range of challenging circumstances that have significantly impacted their chances to avail of health care. One of the potential reasons for this is the lack of sensitization of medical doctors about transgender health in the current era. There is an immense need to bridge the existing gap, and it has to begin with bringing about curricular reforms and preparing the current crop of medical students about issues pertaining to transgender health during their training period.
{"title":"Transgender health and medical education: the existing gaps and the need for curricular reforms – A systematic review","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_56_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_56_22","url":null,"abstract":"Time and again it has been envisaged that health-care services imparted should be inclusive and should be equitably distributed regardless of any sociodemographic determinants. The purpose of the current review is to identify the problems encountered by transgender people and the role of medical education in preparing medical professionals who are competent enough to address their special needs. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, and a total of 49 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives. Keywords used in the search include transgender and medical education in the title alone only. A number of studies and review articles have concluded that there is an urgent need to augment the knowledge, skills, and attitude of medical students to improve the clinical care of transgender people. Medical educators have to acknowledge the need and take concerted efforts to ensure the delivery of holistic, transgender-specific health-care education to all medical students. To conclude, transgender people have been subjected to a wide range of challenging circumstances that have significantly impacted their chances to avail of health care. One of the potential reasons for this is the lack of sensitization of medical doctors about transgender health in the current era. There is an immense need to bridge the existing gap, and it has to begin with bringing about curricular reforms and preparing the current crop of medical students about issues pertaining to transgender health during their training period.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":"50 1","pages":"163 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47292000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is extensively used to treat patients with heart problems. As it is a major surgery involving the thoracic cavity, lung function may be compromised postoperatively. Pulmonary dysfunction following CABG is inevitable. Chest physiotherapy (CPT) is a treatment to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. Flutter is a form of positive expiratory pressure device in combination with high-frequency oscillation; it gives independence to patients and is easy to use for airway clearance. Aim: To study the effect of flutter along with conventional CPT on peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) among CABG patients. Methodology: Twenty-seven CABG patients were selected through simple random sampling and assigned into two groups. Group 1 consisting of 13 patients was treated with conventional CPT, whereas Group 2 consisting of 14 patients was treated with flutter along conventional CPT. Pre- and post-physiotherapy PEFR was noted. Results: The data were analyzed using a paired and unpaired t-test, and there was significant improvement seen in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Flutter device should be amalgamated as a routine practice along with other CPT techniques in CABG patients which can have positive results in airway clearance and thereby improving PEFR.
{"title":"Effect of Flutter Along with Conventional Chest Physiotherapy on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate among Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients","authors":"Sabnam Kapadia, T. Chokshi, M. Patel","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_213_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_213_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is extensively used to treat patients with heart problems. As it is a major surgery involving the thoracic cavity, lung function may be compromised postoperatively. Pulmonary dysfunction following CABG is inevitable. Chest physiotherapy (CPT) is a treatment to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. Flutter is a form of positive expiratory pressure device in combination with high-frequency oscillation; it gives independence to patients and is easy to use for airway clearance. Aim: To study the effect of flutter along with conventional CPT on peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) among CABG patients. Methodology: Twenty-seven CABG patients were selected through simple random sampling and assigned into two groups. Group 1 consisting of 13 patients was treated with conventional CPT, whereas Group 2 consisting of 14 patients was treated with flutter along conventional CPT. Pre- and post-physiotherapy PEFR was noted. Results: The data were analyzed using a paired and unpaired t-test, and there was significant improvement seen in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Flutter device should be amalgamated as a routine practice along with other CPT techniques in CABG patients which can have positive results in airway clearance and thereby improving PEFR.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":"50 1","pages":"238 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46209874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Hemiplegia, which means paralysis of one side of the body, is one of the most common and debilitating effects of a stroke. Stroke is a leading cause of permanent disability in adults. It is estimated that there will be 23 million new cases of strokes and 8 million stroke deaths in 2030. Mirror therapy (MT), in addition to a traditional rehabilitation program, was found to be useful in terms of motor recovery and upper limb function. Materials and Methods: The current study aimed at assessing the effect of audiovisual education on MT exercises among the hospitalized stroke patients. A quasi-experimental design was adopted in this study, where the audiovisual education was given to the experimental group, whereas routine treatment was given to the control group. Results: The result shows that in the experimental group, the majority (40%; n = 6) of the patients belonged to the age group of 61–70 years, whereas in the control group, majority (33.3%; n = 5) of the patients belonged to the age group of 51–60 years and 61–70 years. Majority (60%) of the patients in this study were male. Conclusion: MT exercises were found to be an effective, low-cost, and nonpharmacological method of lowering pain in stroke patients in the hospital.
{"title":"A study to assess the effectiveness of audiovisual education on mirror therapy exercises among hospitalized stroke patients at a tertiary care hospital of south indian town","authors":"D. Ramaswamy, S. Parimala","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_168_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_168_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hemiplegia, which means paralysis of one side of the body, is one of the most common and debilitating effects of a stroke. Stroke is a leading cause of permanent disability in adults. It is estimated that there will be 23 million new cases of strokes and 8 million stroke deaths in 2030. Mirror therapy (MT), in addition to a traditional rehabilitation program, was found to be useful in terms of motor recovery and upper limb function. Materials and Methods: The current study aimed at assessing the effect of audiovisual education on MT exercises among the hospitalized stroke patients. A quasi-experimental design was adopted in this study, where the audiovisual education was given to the experimental group, whereas routine treatment was given to the control group. Results: The result shows that in the experimental group, the majority (40%; n = 6) of the patients belonged to the age group of 61–70 years, whereas in the control group, majority (33.3%; n = 5) of the patients belonged to the age group of 51–60 years and 61–70 years. Majority (60%) of the patients in this study were male. Conclusion: MT exercises were found to be an effective, low-cost, and nonpharmacological method of lowering pain in stroke patients in the hospital.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":"50 1","pages":"206 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48818658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Hence, it is essential to diagnose early and treat to prevent adverse complications. The study aims to ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of the Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) versus the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. Methods: Women (n = 200) attending the outpatient or inpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology with gestational age 24–28 weeks were included. As per the DIPSI and IADPSG criteria, all women underwent nonfasting oral glucose tolerance test irrespective of the last meal and after an overnight fast of at least 8 h. A venous blood sample was drawn after glucose administration and was measured by hexokinase technique using an autoanalyzer. Results: Out of 200 women, 47 (23.5%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by the IADPSG, whereas 15 (7.5%) were diagnosed with GDM by DIPSI test. Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Women with a history of polycystic ovarian syndrome (odds ratio [OR]: 13.51), family history of DM (OR: 7.02), GDM (OR: 5.8), and perinatal mortality (OR: 4.27) had higher odds of developing GDM. The sensitivity and specificity of DIPSI were 27.66% and 98.69%, respectively, and diagnostic accuracy was 82%. IADPSG test can be recommended as a primary modality of screening GDM in all pregnant women. DIPSI test can be recommended for screening of the patient in non-fasting condition. Hence, by routine IADPSG test and selective DIPSI test, the whole of the antenatal population can be screened without jeopardizing the sensitivity for detection of true cases.
{"title":"To study the diagnostic accuracy of diabetes in pregnancy study group of india (DIPSI) as compared with international association of diabetes in pregnancy study group (IADPSG) Criteria in pregnancy","authors":"Vaidehi Chaudhary, P. Dixit","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_129_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_129_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Hence, it is essential to diagnose early and treat to prevent adverse complications. The study aims to ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of the Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) versus the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. Methods: Women (n = 200) attending the outpatient or inpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology with gestational age 24–28 weeks were included. As per the DIPSI and IADPSG criteria, all women underwent nonfasting oral glucose tolerance test irrespective of the last meal and after an overnight fast of at least 8 h. A venous blood sample was drawn after glucose administration and was measured by hexokinase technique using an autoanalyzer. Results: Out of 200 women, 47 (23.5%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by the IADPSG, whereas 15 (7.5%) were diagnosed with GDM by DIPSI test. Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Women with a history of polycystic ovarian syndrome (odds ratio [OR]: 13.51), family history of DM (OR: 7.02), GDM (OR: 5.8), and perinatal mortality (OR: 4.27) had higher odds of developing GDM. The sensitivity and specificity of DIPSI were 27.66% and 98.69%, respectively, and diagnostic accuracy was 82%. IADPSG test can be recommended as a primary modality of screening GDM in all pregnant women. DIPSI test can be recommended for screening of the patient in non-fasting condition. Hence, by routine IADPSG test and selective DIPSI test, the whole of the antenatal population can be screened without jeopardizing the sensitivity for detection of true cases.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":"50 1","pages":"188 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49218641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nonsurgical endodontic management of the nonvital posterior tooth with large periapical radiolucency has been suggested as conservative approach in endodontics in existing literature. However, complete disinfection of the infected root canals has been a challenge in endodontic procedure. Recently, various types of lasers have emerged as the effective and successful way for achieving in-depth elimination of bacteria and also for healing of periapical lesions. However, there is a scarcity of published case report articles about laser-assisted endodontic therapy in combination with rotary files system for the noninvasive management of large periapical lesion associated with nonvital posterior teeth in claustrophobic child patients. Hence, the aim of this article is to present the pediatric case report about the successful nonsurgical orthograde endodontic treatment by employing diode laser of 810 nm wavelength for the disinfection of the infected root canals and resolution of periradicular radiolucency followed by functional rehabilitation of the treated tooth with preformed stainless steel crown within the shorter period.
{"title":"Orthograde nonsurgical endodontic therapy of a molar with periapical radiolucency by employing the rotary files and adjunctive laser-assisted disinfection in a claustrophobic pediatric patient: A rare case report with literature review","authors":"Mohammad Khan, M. Jindal","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_132_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_132_22","url":null,"abstract":"Nonsurgical endodontic management of the nonvital posterior tooth with large periapical radiolucency has been suggested as conservative approach in endodontics in existing literature. However, complete disinfection of the infected root canals has been a challenge in endodontic procedure. Recently, various types of lasers have emerged as the effective and successful way for achieving in-depth elimination of bacteria and also for healing of periapical lesions. However, there is a scarcity of published case report articles about laser-assisted endodontic therapy in combination with rotary files system for the noninvasive management of large periapical lesion associated with nonvital posterior teeth in claustrophobic child patients. Hence, the aim of this article is to present the pediatric case report about the successful nonsurgical orthograde endodontic treatment by employing diode laser of 810 nm wavelength for the disinfection of the infected root canals and resolution of periradicular radiolucency followed by functional rehabilitation of the treated tooth with preformed stainless steel crown within the shorter period.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":"50 1","pages":"259 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42583513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Dysmenorrhea is painful cramps originating from the uterus that occurs during menstruation. There is a dearth in the literature assessing a possible association between primary dysmenorrhea and resting metabolic rate (RMR). Aims and Objectives: To find the the correlation resting metabolic rate and primary dysmenorrhea in college going girls between 18 – 25 years using numeric pain rating scale and Harris benedict equation Material and Method: This study included a total of 206 college-going girls between 18 and 25 years of age with primary dysmenorrhea based on the selection criteria. They were administered with the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), which divided them into mild, moderate, and severe pain and demographic data including age (years), height (cm), and weight (kg) which was employed into Harris–Benedict Equation to calculate their respective RMR and then it was correlated with the severity of dysmenorrhea. Results: The overall comparison of groups, based on the NPRS values, with RMR scores, showed a statistically significant difference (F = 3.0951, P = 0.0280). While analyzing pair-wise comparison within each group of pain scores for their metabolic rate values, the RMR of females with no pain that is, NPRS score - 0, showed a significantly higher metabolic rate than the ones with mild pain (P = 0.0027), moderate pain (P = 0.0123), as well as the ones with severe pain (P = 0.0036). Spearman rank correlation test revealed no association between different groups of NPRS scores and RMR values (t = −0.0926, P = 0.9263). Conclusion: The study concluded that there is no correlation between the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and RMR in girls between 18 and 25 years. However, girls who do not experience dysmenorrhea showed higher RMR than the girls with primary dysmenorrhea.
{"title":"”Determining correlation between severity of primary dysmenorrhea and resting metabolic rate in college-going girls of 18–25 years of age:” An observational study","authors":"R. Rathi, Arati V Mahishale","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_160_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_160_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dysmenorrhea is painful cramps originating from the uterus that occurs during menstruation. There is a dearth in the literature assessing a possible association between primary dysmenorrhea and resting metabolic rate (RMR). Aims and Objectives: To find the the correlation resting metabolic rate and primary dysmenorrhea in college going girls between 18 – 25 years using numeric pain rating scale and Harris benedict equation Material and Method: This study included a total of 206 college-going girls between 18 and 25 years of age with primary dysmenorrhea based on the selection criteria. They were administered with the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), which divided them into mild, moderate, and severe pain and demographic data including age (years), height (cm), and weight (kg) which was employed into Harris–Benedict Equation to calculate their respective RMR and then it was correlated with the severity of dysmenorrhea. Results: The overall comparison of groups, based on the NPRS values, with RMR scores, showed a statistically significant difference (F = 3.0951, P = 0.0280). While analyzing pair-wise comparison within each group of pain scores for their metabolic rate values, the RMR of females with no pain that is, NPRS score - 0, showed a significantly higher metabolic rate than the ones with mild pain (P = 0.0027), moderate pain (P = 0.0123), as well as the ones with severe pain (P = 0.0036). Spearman rank correlation test revealed no association between different groups of NPRS scores and RMR values (t = −0.0926, P = 0.9263). Conclusion: The study concluded that there is no correlation between the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and RMR in girls between 18 and 25 years. However, girls who do not experience dysmenorrhea showed higher RMR than the girls with primary dysmenorrhea.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":"50 1","pages":"201 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43566292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection affects over 131 million people annually. It is one of the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections. This study aimed at the detection of CT infection among young adult females in the Okpoko community, Anambra State, Nigeria. Patients and Methods: Self-collected vaginal swabs from 288 females aged 18–37 years were tested for CT antigen using the Solid Chlamydia Rapid Test kit (USA). Results: CT antigen was detected in 19 (6.6%) samples. The age group of 23–27 years had the highest prevalence rate (10.7%), followed by 18–22 years (8.7%). The married participants were more infected (8.3%) than singles (3.1%) (P < 0.05). A higher percentage of participants (99.3%) were not aware that CT was sexually transmitted. Conclusion: Active CT infection was detected in the Okpoko community. Regular screening of young females as well as propagation of information on sexually transmitted infections should be encouraged to break the community transmission.
{"title":"Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in a Semi-Urban Setting in Nigeria","authors":"N. Nwachukwu, A. Ulasi, Divine Ezeagwula","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_151_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_151_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection affects over 131 million people annually. It is one of the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections. This study aimed at the detection of CT infection among young adult females in the Okpoko community, Anambra State, Nigeria. Patients and Methods: Self-collected vaginal swabs from 288 females aged 18–37 years were tested for CT antigen using the Solid Chlamydia Rapid Test kit (USA). Results: CT antigen was detected in 19 (6.6%) samples. The age group of 23–27 years had the highest prevalence rate (10.7%), followed by 18–22 years (8.7%). The married participants were more infected (8.3%) than singles (3.1%) (P < 0.05). A higher percentage of participants (99.3%) were not aware that CT was sexually transmitted. Conclusion: Active CT infection was detected in the Okpoko community. Regular screening of young females as well as propagation of information on sexually transmitted infections should be encouraged to break the community transmission.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":"50 1","pages":"197 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43007743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Mishra, S. Vagha, S. Shukla, S. Acharya, M. Jagtap
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the leading cause of female mortality. Its incidence and prevalence are rapidly increasing worldwide. Age <35 years, multiple nodal involvements, ad increased size and grade are the bad prognostic factors indicating a higher risk of recurrence. Early diagnosis of breast cancer is one of the best approaches to prevent this disease. Aim: The aim of this study is to develop an understanding of the relationship between cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 and CK 8/18 expression and the Bloom–Richardson (BR) grading of carcinoma breast. Materials and Methods: The present observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study investigated CK 5/6 and CK 8/18 expression in relation to the BR grade in 50 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Hematoxylin and eosin staining for BR grade and immunohistochemistry for CK 5/6 and CK 8/18 was carried out in the histopathology and immunohistochemistry sections of the Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (M). Results: Out of 50 cases, CK 5/6 expression was observed in the majority of BR Grade III cases (87.50%) indicating a basal phenotype, and CK 8/18 expression was seen in the majority of BR Grade I cases (92.86%) signifying a luminal phenotype. The P value interpretation was found to be statistically significant (<0.05). Conclusions: CKs along with BR grading can be used as an alternative tool for predicting the endocrine status of carcinoma breast instead of employing an expensive panel of markers.
{"title":"Comparison of Cytokeratin Expression Vis-à-Vis Bloom–Richardson Grading of Breast Carcinoma in Resource-limited Setup: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"P. Mishra, S. Vagha, S. Shukla, S. Acharya, M. Jagtap","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_44_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_44_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the leading cause of female mortality. Its incidence and prevalence are rapidly increasing worldwide. Age <35 years, multiple nodal involvements, ad increased size and grade are the bad prognostic factors indicating a higher risk of recurrence. Early diagnosis of breast cancer is one of the best approaches to prevent this disease. Aim: The aim of this study is to develop an understanding of the relationship between cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 and CK 8/18 expression and the Bloom–Richardson (BR) grading of carcinoma breast. Materials and Methods: The present observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study investigated CK 5/6 and CK 8/18 expression in relation to the BR grade in 50 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Hematoxylin and eosin staining for BR grade and immunohistochemistry for CK 5/6 and CK 8/18 was carried out in the histopathology and immunohistochemistry sections of the Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (M). Results: Out of 50 cases, CK 5/6 expression was observed in the majority of BR Grade III cases (87.50%) indicating a basal phenotype, and CK 8/18 expression was seen in the majority of BR Grade I cases (92.86%) signifying a luminal phenotype. The P value interpretation was found to be statistically significant (<0.05). Conclusions: CKs along with BR grading can be used as an alternative tool for predicting the endocrine status of carcinoma breast instead of employing an expensive panel of markers.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":"50 1","pages":"177 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48367015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objectives: There is a paucity of research studies, especially from the low- and middle-income countries, on gender-specific clinical profiles of autism and whether this lack of information is a barrier for early diagnosis among females. The present paper examined the gender differences in the timing of identification of autism among children. Methods: The case records diagnosed children with autism spectrum disorder with no documented intellectual disability (IQ <70) were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic and clinical characteristics such as the presence of repetitive behaviors, deficits/delays in language, social-emotional reciprocity impairments, history of developmental regression, presence of hyperactivity, and self-injurious behaviors were extracted from the case files. Gender differences in the timing of identification, clinical characteristics, and sociodemographic variables were examined by utilizing the t-test. Results: A total of 309 case records (Mean = 5.04 years, standard deviation = 2.50) were retrieved. Girls, as compared to boys, were significantly less likely to show restricted and repetitive behaviors (χ2 = 3.92, P = 0.048) and showed greater socio-emotional reciprocity despite a similar level of autism severity (χ2 = 4.48, P = 0.034). No sex differences were found in hyperactivity, self-injurious behavior, history of developmental regression, and severity of autism (all P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the timing of the identification of autism by gender and females were found to be identified at significantly older ages relative to males (t = 2.13, P = 0.034). Conclusions: There is an imperative need to develop more gender-sensitive diagnostic tools incorporating the sex-specific differences in clinical presentation to improve the assessment of autism in girls.
{"title":"Gender differences in the timing of identification among children with autism","authors":"P. Malhi, P. Singhi","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_218_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_218_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: There is a paucity of research studies, especially from the low- and middle-income countries, on gender-specific clinical profiles of autism and whether this lack of information is a barrier for early diagnosis among females. The present paper examined the gender differences in the timing of identification of autism among children. Methods: The case records diagnosed children with autism spectrum disorder with no documented intellectual disability (IQ <70) were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic and clinical characteristics such as the presence of repetitive behaviors, deficits/delays in language, social-emotional reciprocity impairments, history of developmental regression, presence of hyperactivity, and self-injurious behaviors were extracted from the case files. Gender differences in the timing of identification, clinical characteristics, and sociodemographic variables were examined by utilizing the t-test. Results: A total of 309 case records (Mean = 5.04 years, standard deviation = 2.50) were retrieved. Girls, as compared to boys, were significantly less likely to show restricted and repetitive behaviors (χ2 = 3.92, P = 0.048) and showed greater socio-emotional reciprocity despite a similar level of autism severity (χ2 = 4.48, P = 0.034). No sex differences were found in hyperactivity, self-injurious behavior, history of developmental regression, and severity of autism (all P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the timing of the identification of autism by gender and females were found to be identified at significantly older ages relative to males (t = 2.13, P = 0.034). Conclusions: There is an imperative need to develop more gender-sensitive diagnostic tools incorporating the sex-specific differences in clinical presentation to improve the assessment of autism in girls.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":"50 1","pages":"243 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42883361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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