Sujal Patel, Shilpa Bawankule, S. Acharya, Sunil Kumar
Increased liver fat content is a hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a group of histological abnormalities. It has been proposed that these alterations in hepatic and systemic inflammation may be connected and that the presence of fat deposition in the liver is crucial for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Uncertainty surrounds whether each histological category reflects an unlike disease or merely various stages of the same disease may alter the pathogenesis and prognosis of NAFLD. A considerable activation of inflammatory cells and an increase of a variety of soluble inflammatory mediators are characteristics of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The most inflammatory NAFLD has a higher risk of developing into serious and chronic liver disease. Among other mediators, cytokines and chemokines may be important in NAFLD and are being researched as possible treatment targets. In this review, we will update our understanding of the potential impact that cytokines and chemokines may have in the emergence of NAFLD.
{"title":"Cytokines and inflammatory markers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A narrative review","authors":"Sujal Patel, Shilpa Bawankule, S. Acharya, Sunil Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_237_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_237_22","url":null,"abstract":"Increased liver fat content is a hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a group of histological abnormalities. It has been proposed that these alterations in hepatic and systemic inflammation may be connected and that the presence of fat deposition in the liver is crucial for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Uncertainty surrounds whether each histological category reflects an unlike disease or merely various stages of the same disease may alter the pathogenesis and prognosis of NAFLD. A considerable activation of inflammatory cells and an increase of a variety of soluble inflammatory mediators are characteristics of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The most inflammatory NAFLD has a higher risk of developing into serious and chronic liver disease. Among other mediators, cytokines and chemokines may be important in NAFLD and are being researched as possible treatment targets. In this review, we will update our understanding of the potential impact that cytokines and chemokines may have in the emergence of NAFLD.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surgical robot and its impact on health-care services","authors":"Rajendra Nerli, S. Ghagane, Dayananda Melanahalli","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_389_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_389_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital high-flow vascular malformations and are generally diagnosed when they cause localized swelling, pulsatility, or skin changes. AVMs only manifest themselves when they are sufficiently large. We present a case of a young woman presenting with nonspecific pain over the posterior aspect of the left shoulder that was found to be due to suprascapular nerve entrapment caused by an unremarkable AVM. Entrapment of the suprascapular nerve as a cause of shoulder pain is in itself unusual. That being said, AVM is even rarer and uncommon as a cause of suprascapular nerve entrapment.
{"title":"Inconspicuous suprascapular arteriovenous malformation causing suprascapular nerve entrapment: Unique case report","authors":"Varun Nimje, Shubham Bodhankar, Tushar Yadav","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_21_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_21_22","url":null,"abstract":"Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital high-flow vascular malformations and are generally diagnosed when they cause localized swelling, pulsatility, or skin changes. AVMs only manifest themselves when they are sufficiently large. We present a case of a young woman presenting with nonspecific pain over the posterior aspect of the left shoulder that was found to be due to suprascapular nerve entrapment caused by an unremarkable AVM. Entrapment of the suprascapular nerve as a cause of shoulder pain is in itself unusual. That being said, AVM is even rarer and uncommon as a cause of suprascapular nerve entrapment.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139344484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Nasal packs are necessary after nasal surgery for hemostasis and internal stabilization of bony and cartilaginous structures. Aims: The study was done to compare the outcomes of conventional nasal packing and Merocel packing in terms of the middle ear pressure, mucociliary clearance, patient comfort, and complication. Settings and Design: A prospective study was conducted among 40 patients in a tertiary care center for 18 months. Subjects and Methods: The patients between 18 and 50 years and who underwent septal surgery were included in the study. The patients with any history of ciliary dysfunction, who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery with septoplasty, and any middle ear diseases were excluded from the study. The patients were divided into Group 1, which had conventional nasal pack and Group 2, which had Merocel postoperatively. All the patients were assessed with impedance audiometry and sacchrin test preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 2 and 4 weeks and these were compared between the 2 groups. During pack removal, pain and bleeding and postoperative complications were also compared between the groups. Statistical Analysis Used: The difference between the two-group comparison student t-tests, the differences between the right and left sides of the same tests paired t-test. The association/difference between categorical variables Chi-square test was calculated at a 5% level of significance. Results: Group 1 and Group 2 had a mean age of 38.47 and 37.47, respectively. Gender predisposition in Group 2 is 1:1 and in Group 1 is 3:2. The middle ear pressure returns to normal by 2nd week in Group 2 compared to Group 1, which improved by 4th week (P < 0.05). The mucociliary clearance reverts to normal by 1st week in Group 2 and 4th week in Group 1 (P = 0.0001) was statistically significant. Group 2 had lesser pain scores assessed using visual analog scores (P = 0.0001) and less bleeding (P = 0.01), which was statistically significant. Group 2 has fewer postoperative complications. Conclusions: The conventional and Merocel packs were both effective packs. In terms of mucociliary clearance, the middle ear pressure Merocel packing was better, and conventional nasal packing had more incidence in terms of postoperative complications.
{"title":"Comparison of the effect of conventional nasal packing and merocel packing following deviated septal surgeries","authors":"F. John, R. Valli, T. Kiren","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_35_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_35_23","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Nasal packs are necessary after nasal surgery for hemostasis and internal stabilization of bony and cartilaginous structures. Aims: The study was done to compare the outcomes of conventional nasal packing and Merocel packing in terms of the middle ear pressure, mucociliary clearance, patient comfort, and complication. Settings and Design: A prospective study was conducted among 40 patients in a tertiary care center for 18 months. Subjects and Methods: The patients between 18 and 50 years and who underwent septal surgery were included in the study. The patients with any history of ciliary dysfunction, who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery with septoplasty, and any middle ear diseases were excluded from the study. The patients were divided into Group 1, which had conventional nasal pack and Group 2, which had Merocel postoperatively. All the patients were assessed with impedance audiometry and sacchrin test preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 2 and 4 weeks and these were compared between the 2 groups. During pack removal, pain and bleeding and postoperative complications were also compared between the groups. Statistical Analysis Used: The difference between the two-group comparison student t-tests, the differences between the right and left sides of the same tests paired t-test. The association/difference between categorical variables Chi-square test was calculated at a 5% level of significance. Results: Group 1 and Group 2 had a mean age of 38.47 and 37.47, respectively. Gender predisposition in Group 2 is 1:1 and in Group 1 is 3:2. The middle ear pressure returns to normal by 2nd week in Group 2 compared to Group 1, which improved by 4th week (P < 0.05). The mucociliary clearance reverts to normal by 1st week in Group 2 and 4th week in Group 1 (P = 0.0001) was statistically significant. Group 2 had lesser pain scores assessed using visual analog scores (P = 0.0001) and less bleeding (P = 0.01), which was statistically significant. Group 2 has fewer postoperative complications. Conclusions: The conventional and Merocel packs were both effective packs. In terms of mucociliary clearance, the middle ear pressure Merocel packing was better, and conventional nasal packing had more incidence in terms of postoperative complications.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Significant paradigm shifts and reforms have been reported in the field of medical education delivery worldwide depending on the changing health-care needs of the community and the demands of medical students. The purpose of the current review is to explore the role of YouTube in facilitating the delivery of medical education and improving clinical practice on the global platform. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines and a total of 49 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. Keywords used in the search include YouTube, social media, and medical education in the title alone only. Being a freely available platform that can be accessed by anyone, YouTube has emerged as a platform that can be looked upon as an option to combine different kinds of educational resources for the benefit of medical students. In addition, the introduction of YouTube as a learning resource material has played a significant role in improving confidence levels, better acquisition of knowledge, and improved levels of satisfaction among students. To conclude, social networking sites like YouTube have emerged as one of the popular tools of information and educational material for the benefit of medical students and health-care professionals. Realizing the potential of the platform, it is high time that specific steps are taken to integrate YouTube into the medical curriculum and help students and health-care professionals to acquire knowledge and clinical skills.
{"title":"Exploring the role of YouTube in supplementing medical education and patient care","authors":"Saurabh Ram Bihari Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_84_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_84_22","url":null,"abstract":"Significant paradigm shifts and reforms have been reported in the field of medical education delivery worldwide depending on the changing health-care needs of the community and the demands of medical students. The purpose of the current review is to explore the role of YouTube in facilitating the delivery of medical education and improving clinical practice on the global platform. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines and a total of 49 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. Keywords used in the search include YouTube, social media, and medical education in the title alone only. Being a freely available platform that can be accessed by anyone, YouTube has emerged as a platform that can be looked upon as an option to combine different kinds of educational resources for the benefit of medical students. In addition, the introduction of YouTube as a learning resource material has played a significant role in improving confidence levels, better acquisition of knowledge, and improved levels of satisfaction among students. To conclude, social networking sites like YouTube have emerged as one of the popular tools of information and educational material for the benefit of medical students and health-care professionals. Realizing the potential of the platform, it is high time that specific steps are taken to integrate YouTube into the medical curriculum and help students and health-care professionals to acquire knowledge and clinical skills.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To examine the overlap of traditional and cyber victimization and the relationship between victimization and self-esteem of college and university students. Methodology: The study utilized a cross-sectional online survey design to measure the self-reported experiences of peer victimization of higher education students. The multidimensional bullying and cyberbullying scale and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale were used to measure traditional and cyber victimization and self-esteem, respectively. The study was cleared by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: A total of 854 complete responses were included in the study (mean age = 21.6 years, standard deviation = 3.55) and a little more than three-fourths of the participants were females (76.7%). The overall prevalence of victimization of any type of bullying was 44.6%. Offline victimization was more common and overall, 40.9% reported being victimized offline, while 23.3% reported being victimized online in the last 3 months, respectively. There was considerable overlap between various types of victimization, and the correlations between cyberbullying, physical, verbal, and relational bullying were moderate (range 0.41–0.56). Most were bullied by known people and friends (28.1%). Only a small proportion considered reporting the bullying to the authorities (10.7%). No link between problematic technology use and cyber victimization was found. A one-way Analysis of variance revealed that victims of both types of bullying had the lowest self-esteem score (F = 9.04, P = 0.0001). Conclusions: Public health policymakers need to focus on positive youth development to foster resilience in the face of adversity and help young adults to thrive and flourish in a rapidly expanding and evolving digital world.
{"title":"Peer victimization of Indian students: Prevalence and correlates","authors":"Malhi Prahbhjot, Manjit Sidhu, Bhavneet Bharti","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_221_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_221_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To examine the overlap of traditional and cyber victimization and the relationship between victimization and self-esteem of college and university students. Methodology: The study utilized a cross-sectional online survey design to measure the self-reported experiences of peer victimization of higher education students. The multidimensional bullying and cyberbullying scale and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale were used to measure traditional and cyber victimization and self-esteem, respectively. The study was cleared by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: A total of 854 complete responses were included in the study (mean age = 21.6 years, standard deviation = 3.55) and a little more than three-fourths of the participants were females (76.7%). The overall prevalence of victimization of any type of bullying was 44.6%. Offline victimization was more common and overall, 40.9% reported being victimized offline, while 23.3% reported being victimized online in the last 3 months, respectively. There was considerable overlap between various types of victimization, and the correlations between cyberbullying, physical, verbal, and relational bullying were moderate (range 0.41–0.56). Most were bullied by known people and friends (28.1%). Only a small proportion considered reporting the bullying to the authorities (10.7%). No link between problematic technology use and cyber victimization was found. A one-way Analysis of variance revealed that victims of both types of bullying had the lowest self-esteem score (F = 9.04, P = 0.0001). Conclusions: Public health policymakers need to focus on positive youth development to foster resilience in the face of adversity and help young adults to thrive and flourish in a rapidly expanding and evolving digital world.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faisal Alnassar, Waleed Alnassar, Meenakumari Chikkanna, Olfat Gaballah, Amira R. Moawad, Ramesh Krishnan, S. Jandrajupalli, S. Chandolu
Obesity is a chronic disease with global, epidemic spread. The worldwide prevalence of obesity is a considerable source of concern, given its potential impact on morbidity, mortality, and cost of health care. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized obesity as a predisposing factor to major chronic diseases ranging from cardiovascular diseases to cancers. Once considered a problem only in developed nations, the WHO estimates now show that obesity is on the rise, dramatically, even in low- and middle-income countries. Both obesity and dental caries have common determinants and require a comprehensive, integrated, and multidisciplinary approach. In this context, dental health-care professionals should promote healthy diets not only to prevent dental caries but also to reduce the risk of obesity, provided that obesity and dental caries share common lifestyle factors starting from childhood and adolescence. There are very few literature evidences wherein significant attention has been drawn toward the prevention of this global health burden. The present review focuses on a similar lacuna in the literature and emphasizes the role of primary health-care providers including dental professionals who are well-trained to address this public health concern at grassroots levels. Thus, the improvement of dental health and general well-being of individuals requires an active collaboration between dental and general health-care providers and the implementation of health promotion strategies targeting management of both obesity and dental caries by using a holistic approach.
{"title":"Addressing obesity and dental caries: Rationale and practical guidelines, a narrative review","authors":"Faisal Alnassar, Waleed Alnassar, Meenakumari Chikkanna, Olfat Gaballah, Amira R. Moawad, Ramesh Krishnan, S. Jandrajupalli, S. Chandolu","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_264_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_264_22","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a chronic disease with global, epidemic spread. The worldwide prevalence of obesity is a considerable source of concern, given its potential impact on morbidity, mortality, and cost of health care. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized obesity as a predisposing factor to major chronic diseases ranging from cardiovascular diseases to cancers. Once considered a problem only in developed nations, the WHO estimates now show that obesity is on the rise, dramatically, even in low- and middle-income countries. Both obesity and dental caries have common determinants and require a comprehensive, integrated, and multidisciplinary approach. In this context, dental health-care professionals should promote healthy diets not only to prevent dental caries but also to reduce the risk of obesity, provided that obesity and dental caries share common lifestyle factors starting from childhood and adolescence. There are very few literature evidences wherein significant attention has been drawn toward the prevention of this global health burden. The present review focuses on a similar lacuna in the literature and emphasizes the role of primary health-care providers including dental professionals who are well-trained to address this public health concern at grassroots levels. Thus, the improvement of dental health and general well-being of individuals requires an active collaboration between dental and general health-care providers and the implementation of health promotion strategies targeting management of both obesity and dental caries by using a holistic approach.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the pharmaceutical industry, forced degradation tests are used to assess the stability of drug samples. Examining degradation products under stress is beneficial for determining degradation pathways as well as designing and validating appropriate analytical techniques. Forced degradation experiments reveal the molecule's chemical behavior, which aids formulation and packaging creation. The current review examines the forced degradation of a variety of therapeutic classes of medications, including anticancer, antihypertensive, antiviral, CNS pharmaceuticals, and other miscellaneous drugs. During forced degradation analysis, the study examines the degradation behavior of several medications from the abovementioned categories. The findings will likely aid researchers in determining the degradation process of related drugs belonging to the same category.
{"title":"An inclusive exploration of forced degradation analysis of some therapeutic categories of drugs in the last decade","authors":"T. Narsinghani, J. Tuteja, Anamika Singh","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_244_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_244_22","url":null,"abstract":"In the pharmaceutical industry, forced degradation tests are used to assess the stability of drug samples. Examining degradation products under stress is beneficial for determining degradation pathways as well as designing and validating appropriate analytical techniques. Forced degradation experiments reveal the molecule's chemical behavior, which aids formulation and packaging creation. The current review examines the forced degradation of a variety of therapeutic classes of medications, including anticancer, antihypertensive, antiviral, CNS pharmaceuticals, and other miscellaneous drugs. During forced degradation analysis, the study examines the degradation behavior of several medications from the abovementioned categories. The findings will likely aid researchers in determining the degradation process of related drugs belonging to the same category.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70822488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Change of malaria incidence after COVID-19 lockdown: An observation","authors":"S. Yasri, V. Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_273_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_273_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139344819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT) for the treatment of oral leukoplakia (OL) and compare it to systemic Vitamin A therapy. Materials and Methods: Forty clinically and histopathologically confirmed cases of OL were included. They were divided into two groups: 20 were given systemic Vitamin A therapy and on the other group MB-PDT for 30 days. Pre- and posttreatment assessment of size of lesion and clinical appearance were done and followed up for 1 year to check for recurrence and delayed side effects. Results: The reduction in size of lesion pre- and posttreatment was statistically nonsignificant in the Vitamin A Group, but statistically highly significant in the PDT group according to unpaired t-test with no immediate or delayed side effects seen in both the groups. Conclusion: Both the treatment methods showed response in terms of reduction of size of lesion, but MB-PDT was a better treatment option for OL. Clinical Relevance: Oral cancer is often preceded by various premalignancies, OL being the most common among them. Early diagnosis and intervention will prevent malignant transformation thereby reducing the cost, side effect and mortality associated with oral cancer. Considering the prevalence, symptomless nature of OL, an effective, well-accepted mode of treatment with minimal side effects is of utmost need.
目的评估亚甲蓝介导的光动力疗法（MB-PDT）治疗口腔白斑病（OL）的疗效，并将其与全身性维生素 A 治疗进行比较。材料与方法：纳入 40 例经临床和组织病理学证实的 OL 病例。他们被分为两组：20 人接受全身维生素 A 治疗，另一组接受 MB-PDT 治疗 30 天。治疗前和治疗后对病灶大小和临床表现进行评估，并随访一年，以检查复发和延迟副作用。结果根据非配对 t 检验，维生素 A 组治疗前和治疗后皮损面积的缩小在统计学上无显著性差异，但 PDT 组在统计学上有高度显著性差异，且两组均未出现即刻或延迟副作用。结论两种治疗方法在缩小病灶方面都有反应，但 MB-PDT 是治疗 OL 的更好选择。临床意义：口腔癌发生前往往存在各种前恶性肿瘤，OL 是其中最常见的一种。早期诊断和干预可预防恶性转化，从而降低与口腔癌相关的费用、副作用和死亡率。考虑到 OL 的普遍性和无症状性，最需要的是一种有效、广为接受且副作用最小的治疗模式。
{"title":"Methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy for the treatment of oral leukoplakia","authors":"Akanksha Bhandari, Akansha Budakoti, Manjari Chaudhary","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_97_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_97_23","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT) for the treatment of oral leukoplakia (OL) and compare it to systemic Vitamin A therapy. Materials and Methods: Forty clinically and histopathologically confirmed cases of OL were included. They were divided into two groups: 20 were given systemic Vitamin A therapy and on the other group MB-PDT for 30 days. Pre- and posttreatment assessment of size of lesion and clinical appearance were done and followed up for 1 year to check for recurrence and delayed side effects. Results: The reduction in size of lesion pre- and posttreatment was statistically nonsignificant in the Vitamin A Group, but statistically highly significant in the PDT group according to unpaired t-test with no immediate or delayed side effects seen in both the groups. Conclusion: Both the treatment methods showed response in terms of reduction of size of lesion, but MB-PDT was a better treatment option for OL. Clinical Relevance: Oral cancer is often preceded by various premalignancies, OL being the most common among them. Early diagnosis and intervention will prevent malignant transformation thereby reducing the cost, side effect and mortality associated with oral cancer. Considering the prevalence, symptomless nature of OL, an effective, well-accepted mode of treatment with minimal side effects is of utmost need.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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