Background: The portrayal of alcohol as necessary for a vibrant social life has diverted attention from the harms of alcohol use. There is no safe level of alcohol consumption. Studies focusing on problems associated with alcohol use in the elderly are limited. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of alcohol use in the study population and to study some factors associated with alcohol use in the study population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study conducted in the Rural Health and Training Center at Mandur, Goa, India, over 3 months from February 2022 to April 2022 in persons ≥65 years recruited using systematic random sampling method. Results: Out of 207 participants, 114 (55%) were females and 93 (45%) were males. The mean (±standard deviation) age of the study population was 72.73 ± 7.87 years. The total proportion of alcohol use in the study population was 35.3%. Among those who consumed alcohol, 64.4% were current users and 35.6% were former users. Among the current users, 61.7% were low-risk drinkers, 21.3% were at-risk drinkers, and 10.6% indulged in harmful and hazardous drinking, whereas 6.4% had possible dependence on alcohol. Conclusions: Increase in aging populations implies that the absolute number of older people with alcohol use is on the increase. Hence, health services need to cater to alcohol screening and treatment methods and services in the elderly population.
{"title":"“Pattern of alcohol use in elderly patients in a primary health center in Goa”","authors":"L. Rodrigues, Vanita Da Silva","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_197_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_197_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The portrayal of alcohol as necessary for a vibrant social life has diverted attention from the harms of alcohol use. There is no safe level of alcohol consumption. Studies focusing on problems associated with alcohol use in the elderly are limited. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of alcohol use in the study population and to study some factors associated with alcohol use in the study population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study conducted in the Rural Health and Training Center at Mandur, Goa, India, over 3 months from February 2022 to April 2022 in persons ≥65 years recruited using systematic random sampling method. Results: Out of 207 participants, 114 (55%) were females and 93 (45%) were males. The mean (±standard deviation) age of the study population was 72.73 ± 7.87 years. The total proportion of alcohol use in the study population was 35.3%. Among those who consumed alcohol, 64.4% were current users and 35.6% were former users. Among the current users, 61.7% were low-risk drinkers, 21.3% were at-risk drinkers, and 10.6% indulged in harmful and hazardous drinking, whereas 6.4% had possible dependence on alcohol. Conclusions: Increase in aging populations implies that the absolute number of older people with alcohol use is on the increase. Hence, health services need to cater to alcohol screening and treatment methods and services in the elderly population.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46918624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Sajan, Priyanshi R Shah, R. Mahajan, V. Chandrakar, Disha Baxi, Hiral Patel
Background: Vitiligo is characterized depigmented macules and patches over the skin. It has a major impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients, many of whom feel distressed and stigmatized by their condition. Aim: To assess QoL in vitiligo patients in terms of clinical severity and psychological burden. Materials and Methods: An observational study on 60 patients with age ≥16 years was conducted at an outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Data were collected in a predesigned pro forma. The QoL of patients and family members was assessed using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Family DLQI (FDLQI), respectively. The clinical severity was measured using Vitiligo Area Severity Index (VASI) and psychological burden by Vitiligo Impact Score-22 (VIS-22) questionnaire. Results: Sixty patients were included in the study. The mean age was 35.27 ± 2.24. Male-to-female ratio was 1.1:1. About 51.7% of patients were married. Majority of patients were students (30%). The time of presentation after disease onset was 5 years. About 20% of subjects had positive family history. The common sites were face (75%), lower limb (71.67%), and upper limb (60%), with leukotrichia in 11.7% of patients. The mean VASI score at baseline and at 1-month of follow-up after starting treatment was 4.11 ± 0.38 and 3.59 ± 0.58, respectively. The mean DLQI, FDLQI and VIS-22 score were 11.73 ± 0.80, 10.58 ± 0.71, and 37.32 ± 1.53, respectively. VIS-22 and VASI score correlated with changes in DLQI (P < 0.059). Conclusion: Vitiligo largely impairs the QoL of patients. The more the clinical severity (high VASI score), the higher the psychological burden, impairing QoL of patients, and family members.
{"title":"Assessment of quality of life in vitiligo patients in terms of clinical severity and psychological burden in a tertiary care hospital: An observational study","authors":"C. Sajan, Priyanshi R Shah, R. Mahajan, V. Chandrakar, Disha Baxi, Hiral Patel","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_119_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_119_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitiligo is characterized depigmented macules and patches over the skin. It has a major impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients, many of whom feel distressed and stigmatized by their condition. Aim: To assess QoL in vitiligo patients in terms of clinical severity and psychological burden. Materials and Methods: An observational study on 60 patients with age ≥16 years was conducted at an outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Data were collected in a predesigned pro forma. The QoL of patients and family members was assessed using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Family DLQI (FDLQI), respectively. The clinical severity was measured using Vitiligo Area Severity Index (VASI) and psychological burden by Vitiligo Impact Score-22 (VIS-22) questionnaire. Results: Sixty patients were included in the study. The mean age was 35.27 ± 2.24. Male-to-female ratio was 1.1:1. About 51.7% of patients were married. Majority of patients were students (30%). The time of presentation after disease onset was 5 years. About 20% of subjects had positive family history. The common sites were face (75%), lower limb (71.67%), and upper limb (60%), with leukotrichia in 11.7% of patients. The mean VASI score at baseline and at 1-month of follow-up after starting treatment was 4.11 ± 0.38 and 3.59 ± 0.58, respectively. The mean DLQI, FDLQI and VIS-22 score were 11.73 ± 0.80, 10.58 ± 0.71, and 37.32 ± 1.53, respectively. VIS-22 and VASI score correlated with changes in DLQI (P < 0.059). Conclusion: Vitiligo largely impairs the QoL of patients. The more the clinical severity (high VASI score), the higher the psychological burden, impairing QoL of patients, and family members.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45597509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bala, R. Kadavigere, K. Prakashini, Ramakrishna Narayanan
Background: The liver is primarily or secondarily involved by numerous vascular, metabolic, infectious, and neoplastic processes resulting in formation of focal liver masses, and the detection of such focal liver lesions is frequently accomplished with sonography. However, the categorization a liver mass as benign or malignant on ultrasound has always been a diagnostic dilemma. Objective: This study aimed to assess if the addition of compression sonoelastography to conventional B-mode ultrasound aided in diagnostic accuracy of the focal hepatic lesions. Materials and Methods: We evaluated B-mode characteristics of 52 liver lesions followed by calculation of their strain values on compression sonoelastography. The lesions were categorized as benign or malignant by ascertaining a cutoff strain value and the comparison was made with the histopathological diagnosis/contrast-enhanced computed tomography characteristics of the lesions. Results: The mean strain index value of malignant hepatic lesions (2.12 ± 1.06) was statistically higher than the benign lesions (0.92 ± 1.06) with 2-tailed P = 0.002. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of compression sonoelastography in diagnosing a malignant pathology were 74.4%, 88.9%, 94.6%, and 46.7%, respectively, and the additional evaluation of B-mode features yielded higher sensitivity (95.4% vs. 83.7%) and negative predictive value (75% vs. 46.7%). Conclusion: Compression sonoelastography is an efficient and beneficial complementary tool to B-mode imaging in evaluating solid liver lesions.
{"title":"Role of compression sonoelastography in aiding differentiation of benign and malignant solid hepatic lesions","authors":"A. Bala, R. Kadavigere, K. Prakashini, Ramakrishna Narayanan","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_135_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_135_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The liver is primarily or secondarily involved by numerous vascular, metabolic, infectious, and neoplastic processes resulting in formation of focal liver masses, and the detection of such focal liver lesions is frequently accomplished with sonography. However, the categorization a liver mass as benign or malignant on ultrasound has always been a diagnostic dilemma. Objective: This study aimed to assess if the addition of compression sonoelastography to conventional B-mode ultrasound aided in diagnostic accuracy of the focal hepatic lesions. Materials and Methods: We evaluated B-mode characteristics of 52 liver lesions followed by calculation of their strain values on compression sonoelastography. The lesions were categorized as benign or malignant by ascertaining a cutoff strain value and the comparison was made with the histopathological diagnosis/contrast-enhanced computed tomography characteristics of the lesions. Results: The mean strain index value of malignant hepatic lesions (2.12 ± 1.06) was statistically higher than the benign lesions (0.92 ± 1.06) with 2-tailed P = 0.002. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of compression sonoelastography in diagnosing a malignant pathology were 74.4%, 88.9%, 94.6%, and 46.7%, respectively, and the additional evaluation of B-mode features yielded higher sensitivity (95.4% vs. 83.7%) and negative predictive value (75% vs. 46.7%). Conclusion: Compression sonoelastography is an efficient and beneficial complementary tool to B-mode imaging in evaluating solid liver lesions.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42968159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technology has found its root and application in all sectors, and the same stands true in the field of medical education. Moreover, with the emergence of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, the use of technology in online teaching-learning and assessment has increased immensely. The purpose of the current review is to explore the utility of gamification apps to enhance the active engagement of medical students. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine and a total of five articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives. Keywords used in the search include gamification and medical education. Gamification refers to the employment of elements of games in nongame contexts with an intention to engage users and making them to solve the given problems. It promotes the delivery of information in a learner-centered way and meets the requirement of individual students, especially by targeting those domains in which they are interested. These games are designed in such a way that it simulates problems of the real world, wherein students have to apply their knowledge into practice and simultaneously learn the clinical decision-making skills. In conclusion, gamification and the use of technology should be acknowledged as the new aspects of curriculum delivery and all efforts should be taken to incorporate them as one of the components of medical teaching and assessment in the near future across all medical institutions.
{"title":"Gamification in medical education: An approach to enhance active engagement of students","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_113_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_113_21","url":null,"abstract":"Technology has found its root and application in all sectors, and the same stands true in the field of medical education. Moreover, with the emergence of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, the use of technology in online teaching-learning and assessment has increased immensely. The purpose of the current review is to explore the utility of gamification apps to enhance the active engagement of medical students. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine and a total of five articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives. Keywords used in the search include gamification and medical education. Gamification refers to the employment of elements of games in nongame contexts with an intention to engage users and making them to solve the given problems. It promotes the delivery of information in a learner-centered way and meets the requirement of individual students, especially by targeting those domains in which they are interested. These games are designed in such a way that it simulates problems of the real world, wherein students have to apply their knowledge into practice and simultaneously learn the clinical decision-making skills. In conclusion, gamification and the use of technology should be acknowledged as the new aspects of curriculum delivery and all efforts should be taken to incorporate them as one of the components of medical teaching and assessment in the near future across all medical institutions.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41288184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Hypertension is one of the most important global public health concerns because it increases ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular sickness, and chronic kidney failure. The 2015 Global Burden of Disease report connected 79 risk factors to 41% of all disability-adjusted life years in 2015, with high blood pressure (BP) being the greatest significant risk, surpassing smoking, and obesity. Materials and Methods: The research group conducted a prospective study design in the primary health-care setting of a South Indian city to evaluate the effectiveness of a BP control program. The patients' health was checked, and the results were evaluated over the course of a year. People with hypertension (BP more than 140/90 mmHg) were included in the hypertension group, as were those who had a current diagnosis of hypertension or were using BP medication. Results: The participants in this study were 286 persons with high BP, with an average age of 63.4 years. The average age of the participants was 70 years or older and 53.8% were female. Smokers made up 10.7% of the population, drinkers made up 16.6%, and moderate physical activity was practiced by 18.4% of the participants. Conclusion: Increased public awareness of the need of measuring BP is required to avoid the disastrous effects of inadequate BP control.
{"title":"Effectiveness of multi-intervention therapy on the knowledge of blood pressure and quality of life among the hypertensive patients of a primary care setting","authors":"Arockiamary Ignasimuthu, S. Parimala","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_165_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_165_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hypertension is one of the most important global public health concerns because it increases ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular sickness, and chronic kidney failure. The 2015 Global Burden of Disease report connected 79 risk factors to 41% of all disability-adjusted life years in 2015, with high blood pressure (BP) being the greatest significant risk, surpassing smoking, and obesity. Materials and Methods: The research group conducted a prospective study design in the primary health-care setting of a South Indian city to evaluate the effectiveness of a BP control program. The patients' health was checked, and the results were evaluated over the course of a year. People with hypertension (BP more than 140/90 mmHg) were included in the hypertension group, as were those who had a current diagnosis of hypertension or were using BP medication. Results: The participants in this study were 286 persons with high BP, with an average age of 63.4 years. The average age of the participants was 70 years or older and 53.8% were female. Smokers made up 10.7% of the population, drinkers made up 16.6%, and moderate physical activity was practiced by 18.4% of the participants. Conclusion: Increased public awareness of the need of measuring BP is required to avoid the disastrous effects of inadequate BP control.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45119971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mansi N. Patel, S. Agrawal, S. Acharya, S. Sushanth Kumar
Thousands of people took part in prospective studies lasting up to 30 years, and the results showed that circulating calcium is a risk factor for vascular disease. Other cardiovascular risk factors such as circulating lipid levels, blood pressure, and body mass index may partially mediate these relationships, but serum calcium appears to have a residual independent influence. Polymorphisms in calcium-sensing receptors connected to small elevations in serum calcium have also been linked to cardiovascular disease, suggesting that calcium is a causative component. Calcium supplements have been shown to increase mortality and/or accelerate vascular disease in dialysis patients and those with less severe renal failure, and meta-analyses of trials in adults without overt renal disease imply a similar effect. A strong interaction between baseline calcium supplement use and the effect of calcium randomization hampered the interpretation of the largest research. The fact that the study only looked at calcium-deficient people highlights the dangers that are always present. Observational studies of dietary calcium have not consistently demonstrated that it is deleterious to cardiovascular health, albeit exceptionally high or extremely low intakes may be harmful. As a result, eating calcium rather than taking supplements should be encouraged. The current systematic review addresses serum calcium levels and their relationship with coronary artery disease using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards. For studies published through December 2021, electronic and manual data resources were reviewed using the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library. The findings were filtered to exclude studies that were written in English.
{"title":"Serum calcium levels and its association with coronary artery disease","authors":"Mansi N. Patel, S. Agrawal, S. Acharya, S. Sushanth Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_114_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_114_22","url":null,"abstract":"Thousands of people took part in prospective studies lasting up to 30 years, and the results showed that circulating calcium is a risk factor for vascular disease. Other cardiovascular risk factors such as circulating lipid levels, blood pressure, and body mass index may partially mediate these relationships, but serum calcium appears to have a residual independent influence. Polymorphisms in calcium-sensing receptors connected to small elevations in serum calcium have also been linked to cardiovascular disease, suggesting that calcium is a causative component. Calcium supplements have been shown to increase mortality and/or accelerate vascular disease in dialysis patients and those with less severe renal failure, and meta-analyses of trials in adults without overt renal disease imply a similar effect. A strong interaction between baseline calcium supplement use and the effect of calcium randomization hampered the interpretation of the largest research. The fact that the study only looked at calcium-deficient people highlights the dangers that are always present. Observational studies of dietary calcium have not consistently demonstrated that it is deleterious to cardiovascular health, albeit exceptionally high or extremely low intakes may be harmful. As a result, eating calcium rather than taking supplements should be encouraged. The current systematic review addresses serum calcium levels and their relationship with coronary artery disease using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards. For studies published through December 2021, electronic and manual data resources were reviewed using the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library. The findings were filtered to exclude studies that were written in English.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47715505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. S. Sai Lakshmi, Nadeem Jeddy, T. Radhika, S. Amutha, W. Gnanasagar
Introduction: Dental stem cells (DSCs) derived from tooth structures refer to adult stem cells. DSCs can be used to regenerate both dental tissues and nondental organs. DSC research is progressing at a rapid pace and hence it is imperative for dental professionals to possess adequate knowledge and a favorable attitude toward the same. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of dental professionals toward DSCs. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive, questionnaire-based survey was conducted on a sample of 200 dental professionals from various dental colleges in Chennai. The questionnaire included a total of 15 questions to assess the knowledge and attitude toward DSCs. The Pearson's Chi-square test and percentages of the total were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 200 dental professionals completed the questionnaire survey; of which 42 (21%) were male and 158 (78%) were female. Maximum respondents were intern (n = 92, 46%), followed by dental practitioners (DP) (n = 58, 29%) and postgraduates (n = 50, 25%). Around 182 (91%) dental professionals are aware of the term stem cells. Overall, 66% of dental participants were not aware of ethical considerations and guidelines related to DSCs given by the Indian Council of Medical Research. The majority of dental participants (83%) were interested in attending workshop/conference/Continuing Dental Education (CDE) program on applications of stem cells. Conclusion: This study revealed that there was a generalized awareness of the term “DSCs” among the study participants. However, there was a huge lacuna in the knowledge of its types, ethical considerations, and the concept of stem cell banking and DSC banks in India. The results of the current study emphasize the need for improvement in knowledge of DSCs for dental professionals by promoting more CDE programs focusing on this subject.
{"title":"Knowledge and attitude toward dental stem cells among dental professionals: A questionnaire study","authors":"L. S. Sai Lakshmi, Nadeem Jeddy, T. Radhika, S. Amutha, W. Gnanasagar","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_117_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_117_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dental stem cells (DSCs) derived from tooth structures refer to adult stem cells. DSCs can be used to regenerate both dental tissues and nondental organs. DSC research is progressing at a rapid pace and hence it is imperative for dental professionals to possess adequate knowledge and a favorable attitude toward the same. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of dental professionals toward DSCs. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive, questionnaire-based survey was conducted on a sample of 200 dental professionals from various dental colleges in Chennai. The questionnaire included a total of 15 questions to assess the knowledge and attitude toward DSCs. The Pearson's Chi-square test and percentages of the total were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 200 dental professionals completed the questionnaire survey; of which 42 (21%) were male and 158 (78%) were female. Maximum respondents were intern (n = 92, 46%), followed by dental practitioners (DP) (n = 58, 29%) and postgraduates (n = 50, 25%). Around 182 (91%) dental professionals are aware of the term stem cells. Overall, 66% of dental participants were not aware of ethical considerations and guidelines related to DSCs given by the Indian Council of Medical Research. The majority of dental participants (83%) were interested in attending workshop/conference/Continuing Dental Education (CDE) program on applications of stem cells. Conclusion: This study revealed that there was a generalized awareness of the term “DSCs” among the study participants. However, there was a huge lacuna in the knowledge of its types, ethical considerations, and the concept of stem cell banking and DSC banks in India. The results of the current study emphasize the need for improvement in knowledge of DSCs for dental professionals by promoting more CDE programs focusing on this subject.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42922795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Romana Khursheed, Jayanth Shivalingappa, Arif Maldar, A. Dalal
Background: Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) is an umbrella term for any degree of carbohydrate intolerance in pregnancy which carries risk of transgenerational transfer of metabolic disorders. The present observational study was carried out to know the prevalence, clinical profile, and maternal and perinatal outcome in different categories of HIP, in a South Indian setup. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out for 1 year at KAHER's Dr Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital, Belagavi in South India. The HIP was diagnosed by Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India criteria and further categorized into gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational glucose intolerance (GGI), and diabetes in pregnancy (DIP). The prevalence, clinical profile, and maternal and perinatal outcome were analyzed in three groups. Results: The prevalence of HIP among pregnant population was found to be 17.47% in 1 year. 222 women (75.5%) had GDM, followed by 49 (17%) and 23 women (8%) presented with GGI and DIP, respectively. The maternal outcomes among HIP were cesarean delivery 230 (78.2), preterm labor 53 (18.02%), preeclampsia 50 (17.01%), premature rupture of membranes 34 (11.56%), and infections 33 (11.22%). The perinatal outcome recorded were neonatal intensive care unit admissions in 107 neonates (36.39%), hyperbilirubinemia in 44 neonates (15%), hypoglycemia in 79 neonates (26.8%), respiratory distress syndrome in 43 neonates (14.46%), and macrosomia in 44 fetuses (15%). Conclusion: Degree of hyperglycemia affects pregnancy outcomes. Continued surveillance of women in preconceptional, antenatal, and postnatal period ensures early diagnosis and management of glucose intolerance and helps in delaying the onset of overt diabetes.
背景:妊娠期高血糖症(HIP)是妊娠期任何程度的碳水化合物不耐受的总称，具有代谢性疾病代际转移的风险。本观察性研究旨在了解南印度不同类型HIP的患病率、临床概况以及孕产妇和围产期结局。材料和方法:该研究在印度南部Belagavi的KAHER Dr Prabhakar Kore慈善医院进行了1年。根据印度妊娠期糖尿病研究组的诊断标准，HIP进一步分为妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)、妊娠期葡萄糖耐受不良(GGI)和妊娠期糖尿病(DIP)。对三组患者的患病率、临床情况、母婴结局进行分析。结果:妊娠人群1年内髋关节置放率为17.47%。222名妇女(75.5%)患有GDM, 49名妇女(17%)和23名妇女(8%)分别患有GGI和DIP。产妇结局为剖宫产230例(78.2)，早产53例(18.02%)，先兆子痫50例(17.01%)，胎膜早破34例(11.56%)，感染33例(11.22%)。围产期结局为新生儿重症监护病房住院107例(36.39%)，高胆红素血症44例(15%)，低血糖79例(26.8%)，呼吸窘迫综合征43例(14.46%)，巨大儿44例(15%)。结论:高血糖程度影响妊娠结局。在孕前、产前和产后对妇女进行持续监测，确保对葡萄糖耐受不良的早期诊断和管理，并有助于延缓显性糖尿病的发病。
{"title":"Prevalence, clinical profile, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of hyperglycemia in pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital in South India","authors":"Romana Khursheed, Jayanth Shivalingappa, Arif Maldar, A. Dalal","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_65_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_65_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) is an umbrella term for any degree of carbohydrate intolerance in pregnancy which carries risk of transgenerational transfer of metabolic disorders. The present observational study was carried out to know the prevalence, clinical profile, and maternal and perinatal outcome in different categories of HIP, in a South Indian setup. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out for 1 year at KAHER's Dr Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital, Belagavi in South India. The HIP was diagnosed by Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India criteria and further categorized into gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational glucose intolerance (GGI), and diabetes in pregnancy (DIP). The prevalence, clinical profile, and maternal and perinatal outcome were analyzed in three groups. Results: The prevalence of HIP among pregnant population was found to be 17.47% in 1 year. 222 women (75.5%) had GDM, followed by 49 (17%) and 23 women (8%) presented with GGI and DIP, respectively. The maternal outcomes among HIP were cesarean delivery 230 (78.2), preterm labor 53 (18.02%), preeclampsia 50 (17.01%), premature rupture of membranes 34 (11.56%), and infections 33 (11.22%). The perinatal outcome recorded were neonatal intensive care unit admissions in 107 neonates (36.39%), hyperbilirubinemia in 44 neonates (15%), hypoglycemia in 79 neonates (26.8%), respiratory distress syndrome in 43 neonates (14.46%), and macrosomia in 44 fetuses (15%). Conclusion: Degree of hyperglycemia affects pregnancy outcomes. Continued surveillance of women in preconceptional, antenatal, and postnatal period ensures early diagnosis and management of glucose intolerance and helps in delaying the onset of overt diabetes.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46201207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease for which there is currently no cure. It is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage and changes in other joint tissues, including subchondral (substance) bone and menisci. It is one of the leading causes of chronic disability. Patients affected by this disease experience pain and loss of function. OA can be caused by a variety of factors, including diet, injury, stress, and genetic abnormalities. However, the molecular mechanisms driving the disease onset and progression are not fully understood. Therefore, this study is undertaken to estimate a large number of human OA menisci for microscopical structural changes in osteoarthritic menisci by histological techniques. Materials and Methods: Medial and lateral osteoarthritic menisci were collected from 110 human knee joints. After collecting the meniscal samples were stored in 10% formalin for 3–5 days. For each meniscus, three separate (anterior, middle, and posterior) parts were processed. The menisci were sectioned in two places vertically at 45° and 135° angles relative to the sagittal plane. After that, each part was sectioned along the horizontal plane from the inner border to the outer border. Then, tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24 h. Tissue samples were brought in for routine tissue processing and studied for histological stain with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) and Alcian blue pH 2.5, to find surface integrity, cellularity, fibrous organization and collagen orientation, and mucoid degeneration. Results: Meniscal degeneration begins with the tissue material rather than the surface. Tissue fibrillation and tears were first observed at the inner border, spread over time to the articular surface of the meniscus, and progressed to complete destruction or loss of meniscal tissue. The left side knee menisci have more OA than the right side. OA cases were more common in both legs, in the age group 60–69 years. Women and Hindus have higher OA cases than men and other religions, respectively. Nonvegetarian and physically inactive individuals were more susceptible to OA, and B +ve and O +ve were more prone to OA than other blood groups. Conclusion: Significant cellular and matrix differences were observed in the meniscus during degeneration. These findings may contribute to further understanding of knee OA and the search for biological treatments. OA was associated with religions, family history, dietary habits, exercise, blood types, and age groups. Hence, there is a need for a program on the care of dietary habits and physical activities for reducing the progression of OA.
背景:骨关节炎(OA)是一种退行性关节疾病，目前尚无治愈方法。其特征是关节软骨变性和其他关节组织的变化，包括软骨下(物质)骨和半月板。它是导致慢性残疾的主要原因之一。受这种疾病影响的患者经历疼痛和功能丧失。OA可由多种因素引起，包括饮食、受伤、压力和遗传异常。然而，驱动疾病发生和进展的分子机制尚不完全清楚。因此，本研究通过组织学技术估计大量人类OA半月板骨关节炎半月板的显微结构变化。材料与方法:收集110例膝关节内外侧骨关节炎半月板。半月板标本采集后，在10%福尔马林中保存3-5天。对每个半月板分别处理三个部分(前、中、后)。半月板分别以相对于矢状面45°和135°的角度垂直切割两处。然后，每个部分沿着水平面从内边界到外边界进行切片。然后，将组织固定在10%的缓冲福尔马林中24小时。取组织样本进行常规组织处理，并用苏木精和伊红(h和E)和阿利新蓝pH 2.5进行组织学染色，观察表面完整性、细胞结构、纤维组织和胶原取向以及粘液变性。结果:半月板退变始于组织材料而非表面。组织纤颤和撕裂首先在内缘观察到，随着时间的推移扩散到半月板关节面，并进展到半月板组织的完全破坏或丢失。左侧膝关节半月板骨关节炎多于右侧。在60-69岁年龄组中，OA病例多见于双腿。女性和印度教徒的OA病例分别高于男性和其他宗教。非素食者和不运动的人更容易患OA, B +ve和O +ve血型的人比其他血型的人更容易患OA。结论:半月板退变过程中细胞和基质有明显差异。这些发现可能有助于进一步了解膝关节OA和寻找生物治疗方法。OA与宗教、家族史、饮食习惯、运动、血型和年龄组有关。因此，有必要制定一个关于饮食习惯和体育活动的计划，以减少OA的进展。
{"title":"Microscopic structural changes in osteoarthritic menisci of the human knee joint","authors":"S. Yadav, V. Shirol, R. Chavan, Shilpa Bhimalli","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_93_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_93_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease for which there is currently no cure. It is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage and changes in other joint tissues, including subchondral (substance) bone and menisci. It is one of the leading causes of chronic disability. Patients affected by this disease experience pain and loss of function. OA can be caused by a variety of factors, including diet, injury, stress, and genetic abnormalities. However, the molecular mechanisms driving the disease onset and progression are not fully understood. Therefore, this study is undertaken to estimate a large number of human OA menisci for microscopical structural changes in osteoarthritic menisci by histological techniques. Materials and Methods: Medial and lateral osteoarthritic menisci were collected from 110 human knee joints. After collecting the meniscal samples were stored in 10% formalin for 3–5 days. For each meniscus, three separate (anterior, middle, and posterior) parts were processed. The menisci were sectioned in two places vertically at 45° and 135° angles relative to the sagittal plane. After that, each part was sectioned along the horizontal plane from the inner border to the outer border. Then, tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24 h. Tissue samples were brought in for routine tissue processing and studied for histological stain with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) and Alcian blue pH 2.5, to find surface integrity, cellularity, fibrous organization and collagen orientation, and mucoid degeneration. Results: Meniscal degeneration begins with the tissue material rather than the surface. Tissue fibrillation and tears were first observed at the inner border, spread over time to the articular surface of the meniscus, and progressed to complete destruction or loss of meniscal tissue. The left side knee menisci have more OA than the right side. OA cases were more common in both legs, in the age group 60–69 years. Women and Hindus have higher OA cases than men and other religions, respectively. Nonvegetarian and physically inactive individuals were more susceptible to OA, and B +ve and O +ve were more prone to OA than other blood groups. Conclusion: Significant cellular and matrix differences were observed in the meniscus during degeneration. These findings may contribute to further understanding of knee OA and the search for biological treatments. OA was associated with religions, family history, dietary habits, exercise, blood types, and age groups. Hence, there is a need for a program on the care of dietary habits and physical activities for reducing the progression of OA.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46700440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Manimaran, Deepti M. Kadeangadi, Aniketh D. Manoli, M. Shivaswamy, Anjali Patil
Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic is a major global public health threat. Coronavirus includes a large group of viruses, which infects both humans and animals. China reported the outbreak on December 31, 2019, to World Health Organization. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, USA, has published nonpharmacological interventions such as social distancing, zonal lockdown, rolling lockdown, wearing masks, and washing hands to combat the spread of COVID-19. The present study was conducted to assess the perceptions of people about nonpharmacological interventions in the prevention of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A facility-based study was conducted among 220 participants from December 01, 2020, to February 28, 2021, among outpatients in the field practice area of urban primary health care Rukmini Nagar, under the administrative control of J. N. Medical College in Belagavi district, Karnataka. Results: A total of 220 participants were interviewed and analyzed for the study. Out of which, 36 (16.4%) were male and 184 (83.6%) were female. One hundred and seventy (77.2%) of the participants practiced good hand hygiene and personal hygiene. One hundred and forty-five (65.9%) of the participants always wore a face mask, when they were going outside. One hundred and eighty-one (82.2%) of the participants started drinking more fluids in the form of water compared with normal days. Conclusion: There was a lack of awareness about face protection and the use of hand sanitizer among the common public. Grassroots level health-care workers such as Accredited Social Health Activist, Anganwadi workers, and community volunteers should be trained for giving health education about nonpharmacological interventions to the public for COVID-19 prevention.
{"title":"Perceptions about nonpharmacological interventions in the prevention of COVID-19 in the field practice area of jawaharlal nehru medical college","authors":"N. Manimaran, Deepti M. Kadeangadi, Aniketh D. Manoli, M. Shivaswamy, Anjali Patil","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_81_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_81_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic is a major global public health threat. Coronavirus includes a large group of viruses, which infects both humans and animals. China reported the outbreak on December 31, 2019, to World Health Organization. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, USA, has published nonpharmacological interventions such as social distancing, zonal lockdown, rolling lockdown, wearing masks, and washing hands to combat the spread of COVID-19. The present study was conducted to assess the perceptions of people about nonpharmacological interventions in the prevention of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A facility-based study was conducted among 220 participants from December 01, 2020, to February 28, 2021, among outpatients in the field practice area of urban primary health care Rukmini Nagar, under the administrative control of J. N. Medical College in Belagavi district, Karnataka. Results: A total of 220 participants were interviewed and analyzed for the study. Out of which, 36 (16.4%) were male and 184 (83.6%) were female. One hundred and seventy (77.2%) of the participants practiced good hand hygiene and personal hygiene. One hundred and forty-five (65.9%) of the participants always wore a face mask, when they were going outside. One hundred and eighty-one (82.2%) of the participants started drinking more fluids in the form of water compared with normal days. Conclusion: There was a lack of awareness about face protection and the use of hand sanitizer among the common public. Grassroots level health-care workers such as Accredited Social Health Activist, Anganwadi workers, and community volunteers should be trained for giving health education about nonpharmacological interventions to the public for COVID-19 prevention.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43584447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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