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Indigenous Internationalism and the Art of Recognition: A Soviet Trace on a Global Stage 本土国际主义与承认的艺术:全球舞台上的苏联痕迹
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.5325/complitstudies.61.2.0221
Naomi Caffee
This article explores the contributions of Soviet writers to global discourses of Indigenous rights. The author focuses on the work of three writers, Yeremei Aipin (Khanty, b. 1948), Vladimir Sangi (Nivkh, b. 1935), and Yury Vella (Nenets, 1948–2013), as they entered into transnational Indigenous movements and navigated a rapidly changing political landscape in the final years of the Soviet Union. The author argues that they engaged in a complex “art of recognition,” working across genres and modalities in order to reckon with legacies of colonialism and usher in new visions of identity and political sovereignty. This approach highlights the Soviet Union as a locus for international congresses and solidarity movements, such as the Nevada-Semipalatinsk Antinuclear Movement, the Global Forum of Spiritual and Parliamentary Leaders, and the 1990 Sacred Run for Land and Life, led by American Indian Movement cofounder Dennis Banks. Ultimately, an Indigenous-centered approach to the end of the Cold War provides a counterbalance to prevailing narratives of this era, which cast the ascendance of a Western-dominated capitalist world order as an inevitable conclusion.
本文探讨了苏联作家对全球土著权利论述的贡献。作者重点研究了三位作家叶列梅-艾平(Yeremei Aipin,汉蒂人,1948 年生)、弗拉基米尔-桑吉(Vladimir Sangi,尼夫赫人,1935 年生)和尤里-维拉(Yury Vella,涅涅茨人,1948-2013 年)的作品,他们在苏联最后几年参与了跨国土著运动,并驾驭了迅速变化的政治格局。作者认为,他们从事的是一种复杂的 "承认的艺术",他们的工作跨越了各种体裁和模式,目的是对殖民主义的遗留问题进行反思,并为身份认同和政治主权带来新的愿景。这种方法强调苏联是国际大会和团结运动的中心,如内华达-塞米巴拉金斯克反核运动、全球精神和议会领袖论坛,以及 1990 年由美国印第安人运动共同创始人丹尼斯-班克斯领导的 "土地与生命的神圣奔跑"。最终,以原住民为中心的冷战结束方式为这一时代的主流叙事提供了一种平衡,这种叙事将西方主导的资本主义世界秩序的崛起视为不可避免的结局。
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引用次数: 0
Forms of Translation, Translation of Forms: From Gorky’s Mother to Mahasweta Devi’s Mother of 1084 翻译的形式,形式的翻译:从高尔基的母亲到马哈斯维塔-德维的母亲1084
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.5325/complitstudies.61.2.0306
Sandeep Banerjee
This article focuses on the Bengali novel হাজার চুরাশির মা (Mother of 1084) by Mahasweta Devi to read it as a rewriting of Maxim Gorky’s The Mother. It contends that Mother of 1084 recasts Gorky’s radical and gendered bildungsroman for the context of India where it not only documents the development of the radical consciousness of Sujata, the mother of the revolutionary Brati killed by the Indian state, but also the patriarchal structure of the Indian/Bengali family. Furthermore, it argues that the Bengali novel recasts the socialist realism of the Russian novel into modernist Bengali prose. It examines Mahasweta’s deployment of the modernist aesthetic while locating Mother of 1084 in a broader tradition of actually existing communist artistic praxis in South Asia to illuminate the tradition of committed modernism.
本文聚焦 Mahasweta Devi 的孟加拉小说《1084 年的母亲》(Mother of 1084),将其解读为对马克西姆-高尔基(Maxim Gorky)的《母亲》(The Mother)的改写。该书认为,《1084 年的母亲》将高尔基的激进和性别化的童话改编为印度背景,不仅记录了被印度国家杀害的革命者布拉提的母亲苏雅塔的激进意识的发展,还记录了印度/孟加拉家庭的父权制结构。此外,该书还认为孟加拉小说将俄罗斯小说中的社会主义现实主义重塑为现代主义孟加拉散文。该书研究了 Mahasweta 对现代主义美学的运用,同时将《1084 之母》置于南亚实际存在的共产主义艺术实践的更广泛传统中,以阐明坚定的现代主义传统。
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引用次数: 0
Cold War Kreutzer: Tolstoy’s Posthumous Political Career from Venice to Palestine 冷战时期的克鲁采尔托尔斯泰从威尼斯到巴勒斯坦的政治生涯
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.5325/complitstudies.61.2.0276
Margaret Litvin
The year 1960 marked the fiftieth death anniversary of Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910), one of the earliest self-proclaimed world writers. That summer, the CIA-funded Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF) organized a lavish international conference near Venice; meanwhile, in Haifa, the Palestinian Trotskyist Jabra Nicola (1912–1974) published his translation of Tolstoy’s sex-obsessed late novella The Kreutzer Sonata. These two events exemplified contrasting styles of Cold War literary internationalism, one aspiring to global dominance and the other to local impact. Both responded to Tolstoy’s “world” status, Kreutzer’s moral ambition, and the Soviet Union’s successful appropriation of nineteenth-century Russian literature. Exploring the CCF archives and the Arabic Kreutzer tradition, this article asks how each of these 1960 events came about, what they assumed, and what they achieved. The Palestinian Israeli case offers a usefully peripheral perspective from which the Cultural Cold War appears both more tangible and less strictly bipolar. Jabra’s translation used the resources provided by Soviet cultural diplomacy for local progressive ends: not to press for social change in Arab society, but to build the cultural confidence of readers who found themselves both minoritized as Israelis and isolated from their fellow Arabs.
1960 年是最早自诩为世界作家之一的列夫-托尔斯泰(1828-1910 年)逝世 50 周年。那年夏天,由中央情报局资助的文化自由大会(CCF)在威尼斯附近组织了一次豪华的国际会议;与此同时,在海法,巴勒斯坦托洛茨基主义者贾布拉-尼古拉(Jabra Nicola,1912-1974 年)出版了他翻译的托尔斯泰晚期性爱小说《克鲁采奏鸣曲》。这两件事体现了冷战时期文学国际主义的截然相反的风格,一个追求全球主导地位,另一个追求地方影响。两者都对托尔斯泰的 "世界 "地位、克鲁采的道德抱负以及苏联对十九世纪俄罗斯文学的成功利用做出了回应。本文通过对基督教儿童基金档案和阿拉伯语克罗伊泽传统的探究,询问了 1960 年发生的这些事件中的每一个事件是如何产生的、它们假设了什么以及它们取得了什么成果。巴勒斯坦-以色列的案例提供了一个有益的外围视角,从这个视角看,文化冷战显得更加具体,也没有那么严格的两极分化。贾布拉的译本利用苏联文化外交提供的资源达到了当地的进步目的:不是为了推动阿拉伯社会的社会变革,而是为了建立读者的文化自信,因为他们发现自己作为以色列人既被边缘化,又与阿拉伯同胞隔绝。
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引用次数: 0
The Brazilian Eisenstein (1961–1981) 巴西的爱森斯坦(1961-1981 年)
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.5325/complitstudies.61.2.0335
Sarah Ann Wells
Beginning in the 1960s and 1970s, Latin American filmmakers and filmgoers began to interpret and adapt early Soviet avant-garde cinema of the 1920s in an unprecedented fashion, extending its half-life in innovative ways. In this context, Brazil is a generative but seldom explored site. This article traces the Brazilian reception of Soviet cinematic poetics through the shifting approaches to Sergei Eisenstein in the filmography of Leon Hirszman (1937–1987). Eisenstein’s approaches to montage would shape Hirszman from his first student film to the workerist cinema that characterized his late filmography. Like his contemporary Glauber Rocha (1939–1981)—after Hirszman, the Brazilian filmmaker most marked by Eisenstein—Hirszman tranculturated the avant-garde postrevolutionary Soviet film for the truncated revolutionary context of Brazil. Changing and emphasizing different elements in Eisenstein’s understanding of montage, Hirszman consistently depicted it as a capacious opportunity for both capturing and transforming the world: registering justices and multiplying a cinematic off-screen where anti-capitalist solidarities might flourish. His experimental filmmaking praxis also suggests how Eisenstein’s montage method (activating disparate or contradictory contexts through juxtaposition) produces a paradoxical ground for comparison, a poetics of the urgent untimely, rather than either belated or diffusionist accounts of world cinema.
从二十世纪六七十年代开始,拉丁美洲的电影制作者和电影观众开始以前所未有的方式诠释和改编二十世纪二十年代早期的苏联前卫电影,以创新的方式延长其半衰期。在这一背景下,巴西成为了一个产生巨大影响但却鲜有人涉足的地方。本文通过莱昂-赫兹曼(Leon Hirszman,1937-1987 年)电影作品中对谢尔盖-爱森斯坦(Sergei Eisenstein)手法的转变,追溯巴西对苏联电影诗学的接受。爱森斯坦的蒙太奇手法塑造了赫斯曼,从他的第一部学生电影到他晚期电影作品中的工人主义电影。与他的同代人格劳伯-罗查(Glauber Rocha,1939-1981 年)一样--在赫斯曼之后,受爱森斯坦影响最深的巴西电影制作人--赫斯曼将革命后的前卫苏联电影转换成了巴西截然不同的革命背景。赫斯曼改变并强调了爱森斯坦对蒙太奇理解中的不同元素,他始终将蒙太奇描绘成捕捉和改造世界的大好机会:在反资本主义团结一致的电影银幕外,登记正义并增加其数量。他的实验电影创作实践还表明,爱森斯坦的蒙太奇方法(通过并置激活不同或矛盾的语境)如何产生了一种自相矛盾的比较基础,一种紧急的、不合时宜的诗学,而不是对世界电影的迟来的或扩散的描述。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Communist World Poetics 导言:共产主义世界诗学
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.5325/complitstudies.61.2.0199
Samuel Hodgkin
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引用次数: 0
Romanticism, Internationalism, and the National Poet: Genealogies of Second-World Surrogacy 浪漫主义、国际主义与民族诗人:第二世界代孕谱系
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.5325/complitstudies.61.2.0246
Samuel Hodgkin
This article considers the national poet as surrogate: the rhetorical and poetic repertory that enables speaking for the national collectivity, and the ease with which this repertory is redirected to speak on behalf of other collectivities. It is a commonplace to attribute to Soviet multinational culture a Romantic nationalist genealogy, but this continuity or revival has generally been located in genre, intertextuality, and theories of the nation. Here, the author focuses instead on the tool kit of representation, and surrogacy in particular, arguing that the Soviet multinational literary system was a crucible that transformed the representational resources of Romanticism for the postcolonial age. The author’s account draws on the distinctively neo-Romantic approaches to representation proposed by Lukacs and Ankersmit to consider the Soviet reception and translation of the major national poets Robert Burns, Victor Hugo, and Taras Shevchenko. It also follows the Soviet Eastern (Kyrgyz, Tajik, and Iranian émigré) writer-functionaries who translated the Romantics through their own acts of surrogate representation in the Third World. The result is an account of how the Soviet Union, simultaneously anti-colonial and semicolonial, bridged the transition from the Romantic figure of the national poet to the postcolonial figure of the literary representative.
本文探讨了作为代言人的民族诗人:能够为民族集体代言的修辞和诗歌曲目,以及这种曲目被转用于代表其他集体代言的难易程度。将浪漫主义民族主义谱系归结为苏联多民族文化是一种司空见惯的说法,但这种连续性或复兴通常被归结为体裁、互文性和民族理论。在此,作者转而关注表征工具包,尤其是代孕,认为苏联多民族文学体系是一个熔炉,为后殖民时代改造了浪漫主义的表征资源。作者的论述借鉴了卢卡奇和安克斯密特提出的独特的新浪漫主义表述方法,探讨了苏联对主要民族诗人罗伯特-伯恩斯、维克多-雨果和塔拉斯-舍甫琴科的接受和翻译。本研究还跟踪了苏联东方(吉尔吉斯、塔吉克和伊朗移民)的功能作家,他们通过自己在第三世界的代理代表行为翻译了浪漫主义作品。其结果是阐述了苏联如何在反殖民主义和半殖民地的同时,完成了从民族诗人的浪漫主义形象到文学代表的后殖民形象的过渡。
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引用次数: 0
Raising Malcolm’s Ghost: Black Radicalism, Third World Internationalism, and Counterintelligence in Lauren Wilkinson’s American Spy 唤起马尔科姆的幽灵:劳伦-威尔金森《美国间谍》中的黑人激进主义、第三世界国际主义和反间谍工作
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.5325/complitstudies.61.2.0365
Cedric R. Tolliver
This article considers the “warring ideals” (Du Bois, Souls of Black Folks) of Black American solidarity with Third World Internationalism and complicity in U.S. imperialism through a reading of Lauren Wilkinson’s American Spy (2019). The novel, a spy thriller, centers on the life and experience of Marie Mitchell, a Black woman FBI agent recruited by the CIA to further an assassination plot against Thomas Sankara, the charismatic socialist leader of Burkina Faso. The story puts individual career advancement in the service of American imperialism in direct tension with the larger collectivist goals of Black and Third World liberation. Thus, the novel invites an exploration of the geopolitical implications of Du Bois’s famous formulation about Black American double consciousness, a formulation most often considered solely as a matter of individual psychology.
本文通过对劳伦-威尔金森(Lauren Wilkinson)的《美国间谍》(2019)的解读,探讨了美国黑人声援第三世界国际主义和与美帝国主义同流合污的 "交战理想"(杜波依斯,《黑人的灵魂》)。这是一部间谍惊悚小说,以联邦调查局黑人女特工玛丽-米切尔(Marie Mitchell)的生活和经历为中心,她被中央情报局招募,参与针对布基纳法索富有魅力的社会主义领袖托马斯-桑卡拉(Thomas Sankara)的暗杀阴谋。这个故事将为美帝国主义服务的个人职业发展与黑人和第三世界解放的集体主义大目标直接对立起来。因此,这部小说引发了对杜波依斯关于美国黑人双重意识的著名论述的地缘政治含义的探讨,而这种论述通常被认为仅仅是个人心理问题。
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引用次数: 0
From Silvio Pellico to Selahattin Demirtaş: Prison Literature and Literary Polemics in Turkey 从 Silvio Pellico 到 Selahattin Demirtaş:土耳其的监狱文学与文学论战
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.5325/complitstudies.61.1.0033
Laurent Mignon
Selahattin Demirtaş’s fiction has led to some fierce discussions in the literary world in Turkey. The polemics were a reminder that prison literature, broadly defined, always was a hotly debated genre in the literary sphere of the late Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. Indeed, the publication of a Turkish translation of a classic example of the genre—namely Silvio Pellico’s Le mie prigioni, translated by Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem in 1874—caused a vivid reaction by the Young Ottoman reformer Namık Kemal. This article looks at how the debate on the partial Turkish translation of Pellico’s memoirs that combined both aesthetic concerns and political sensitivities is not without similarities with debates about Demirtaş’s literary work. After a first part outlining varied responses to Demirtaş’s short stories and novels, the article analyses Namık Kemal’s “Mes prisons Muahazanamesi” (A Criticism of Mes prisons) and brings to the fore those aspects that were to become characteristic for future literary polemics. That Pellico’s first Ottoman Turkish critic should have been himself an author and activist who was repressed, incarcerated, and exiled for his political views and engagement, shows how essential prison literature was in the development of modern literature in Turkish.
塞拉哈廷-德米尔塔什的小说在土耳其文学界引起了一些激烈的讨论。这些争论提醒人们,广义上的监狱文学在奥斯曼帝国后期和土耳其共和国的文学领域始终是一种备受争议的文学体裁。事实上,该体裁的经典范例--即西尔维奥-佩里科(Silvio Pellico)的《Le mie prigioni》(1874 年由雷凯扎德-马赫穆特-埃克雷姆翻译)--的土耳其语译本出版后,引起了年轻的奥斯曼帝国改革家纳米克-凯末尔(Namık Kemal)的强烈反应。本文探讨了关于佩里科回忆录土耳其语部分译本的争论与关于德米尔塔什文学作品的争论的相似之处。文章的第一部分概述了对德米尔塔什的短篇小说和长篇小说的各种反应,随后分析了纳米克-凯末尔的 "Mes prisons Muahazanamesi"(《对Mes prisons的批评》),并提出了成为未来文学论战特征的那些方面。佩利科的第一位奥斯曼土耳其批评家本身就是一位作家和活动家,曾因其政治观点和参与而受到压制、监禁和流放,这表明监狱文学在土耳其现代文学的发展中是多么重要。
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引用次数: 0
The Mūthoi of Selahattin Demirtaş 塞拉哈廷-德米尔塔什的 Mūthoi
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.5325/complitstudies.61.1.0062
R. A. Judy
This article is concerned with the stories of Selahattin Demirtaş, with the preposition “of” indicating Demirtaş as both the storyteller and subject of stories. For many, if not most of us, he is known as both, with the stories about him circumscribing, and often overshadowing the stories he tells. Focusing on the stories told about him and that he tells in judicial proceedings about his political speeches, as well as those he tells in his first book of short stories, Seher, it considers how those stories pose a challenge to the account about the relationship between storytelling, speech, action, and politics predominate in political philosophy since Aristotle, giving particular attention to Hannah Arendt’s critique of that account. At the crux of the stories of Selahattin Demirtaş is a fundamental contestation about the relationship between ethnicity and the nation state, whether the demand for the political and territorial integrity of the nation necessitates foreclosing on the plurality of democratic dissensus.
本文关注的是塞拉哈廷-德米尔塔什的故事,介词 "的 "表示德米尔塔什既是讲故事的人,也是故事的主体。对于许多人(如果不是大多数人的话)来说,他既是故事的讲述者,又是故事的主体,关于他的故事往往掩盖了他讲述的故事。本研究重点关注关于他的故事、他在司法程序中讲述的关于他的政治演讲的故事以及他在第一本短篇小说集《Seher》中讲述的故事,探讨这些故事如何对亚里士多德以来政治哲学中占主导地位的关于讲故事、演讲、行动和政治之间关系的论述提出挑战,并特别关注汉娜-阿伦特(Hannah Arendt)对这一论述的批判。塞拉哈廷-德米尔塔什故事的核心是对种族与民族国家之间关系的根本性争论,即对国家政治和领土完整的要求是否必须排除民主共识的多元性。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Kurdish Literary Tradition in Selahattin Demirtaş’s Works 探索塞拉哈廷-德米尔塔什作品中的库尔德文学传统
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.5325/complitstudies.61.1.0017
Ö. Galip
This article explores the links between Kurdish oral and written literary traditions in Selahattin Demirtaş’s literary works, arguing that they contribute to the practices of heritage-making and collective memory through their use of distinctive sociocultural and literary motifs of the oppressed societies in Turkey while also departing from these practices.
本文探讨了塞拉哈廷-德米尔塔什的文学作品中库尔德口头文学传统与书面文学传统之间的联系,认为这些作品通过使用土耳其受压迫社会的独特社会文化和文学主题,促进了遗产创造和集体记忆的实践,同时也偏离了这些实践。
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引用次数: 0
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