Xueliang Zhu, F. Nie, Bingcai Liu, Ruikun Liu, A. Tian
Modern optical engineering requires increasingly sophisticated interferometry methods capable of conducting subnanometer scale measurements of the large aperture, high-precision optical component surfaces. However, the accuracy of interferometry measurement is limited to the accuracy with which the surface of the reference mirror employed in the interferometer system is known, and the influence of gravity-induced deformation cannot be ignored. This is addressed in the present work by proposing a three-flat testing method based on multiposition rotation interference absolute surface measurement technology that combines the basic theory of N-position rotation with the separability of surface wavefront functions into sums of even and odd functions. These functions provide the rotational symmetric components of the wavefront, which then enables the absolute surface to be reconstructed based on the N-position rotation measurements. In addition, we propose a mechanical clamping combined with computational method to compensate for the gravity-induced deformations of the flats in the multiposition rotation absolute measurements. The high precision of the proposed absolute surface measurement method is demonstrated via simulations. The results of laboratory experiments indicate that the combination compensation method provides the high-precision surface reconstruction outcomes. The present work provides an important contribution for supporting the interferometry measurement of large aperture, high-precision optical component surfaces.
{"title":"Multiposition Rotation Interference Absolute Measurement Method for High-Precision Optical Component Surfaces","authors":"Xueliang Zhu, F. Nie, Bingcai Liu, Ruikun Liu, A. Tian","doi":"10.1155/2021/6621939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6621939","url":null,"abstract":"Modern optical engineering requires increasingly sophisticated interferometry methods capable of conducting subnanometer scale measurements of the large aperture, high-precision optical component surfaces. However, the accuracy of interferometry measurement is limited to the accuracy with which the surface of the reference mirror employed in the interferometer system is known, and the influence of gravity-induced deformation cannot be ignored. This is addressed in the present work by proposing a three-flat testing method based on multiposition rotation interference absolute surface measurement technology that combines the basic theory of N-position rotation with the separability of surface wavefront functions into sums of even and odd functions. These functions provide the rotational symmetric components of the wavefront, which then enables the absolute surface to be reconstructed based on the N-position rotation measurements. In addition, we propose a mechanical clamping combined with computational method to compensate for the gravity-induced deformations of the flats in the multiposition rotation absolute measurements. The high precision of the proposed absolute surface measurement method is demonstrated via simulations. The results of laboratory experiments indicate that the combination compensation method provides the high-precision surface reconstruction outcomes. The present work provides an important contribution for supporting the interferometry measurement of large aperture, high-precision optical component surfaces.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42050464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chenxin Ding, Bo Su, Guoyang Wang, Qinghao Meng, Jiahui Wang, Cunlin Zhang
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is a type of macromolecular chemical substance that is widely used in the industry for food thickening. In this study, terahertz and microfluidic technologies were combined, and a microfluidic chip with a channel depth of 50 μm was fabricated to carry samples. The terahertz characteristics of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose colloid were studied at different concentrations and applied electric fields. The obtained results showed that different concentrations of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose have different time-domain spectra; with an increase in concentration, the terahertz transmittance of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose decreased. Under the applied electric field treatment, the longer the electric field acting time is, the higher the terahertz transmission intensity is. This approach is a safe and reliable new method for the determination of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose concentration, which provides technical support for the in-depth study of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
{"title":"Terahertz Absorption Characteristics of the Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Colloid Based on Microfluidic Technology","authors":"Chenxin Ding, Bo Su, Guoyang Wang, Qinghao Meng, Jiahui Wang, Cunlin Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2021/5555325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5555325","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is a type of macromolecular chemical substance that is widely used in the industry for food thickening. In this study, terahertz and microfluidic technologies were combined, and a microfluidic chip with a channel depth of 50 μm was fabricated to carry samples. The terahertz characteristics of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose colloid were studied at different concentrations and applied electric fields. The obtained results showed that different concentrations of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose have different time-domain spectra; with an increase in concentration, the terahertz transmittance of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose decreased. Under the applied electric field treatment, the longer the electric field acting time is, the higher the terahertz transmission intensity is. This approach is a safe and reliable new method for the determination of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose concentration, which provides technical support for the in-depth study of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43997562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junxia Cheng, B. Tian, Siyu Li, Jia Wang, Shenjiang Wu
The selective control of photoassociation of Yb2 is investigated in theory. Based on ab initio to rationalize Franck–Condon filtering, the optimal target states of photoassociation have been obtained. The corresponding vibrational transitions from X1Σ+g to the excited state (A1Σu+, B1Πu, C1Σu+, and D1Πu) are v ′ = 23, 50, 55, and 0, respectively. By using quantum wave packet dynamic methods, we calculated the yields with time evaluation for the selected target states. The projections of time-dependent wave functions of initial states on the target vibrational eigenstates reflected the synthetic yields of Yb2. For target A1Σu+, we used Gaussian pulse to make the yield of v ′ = 23 up to 97% at 725 fs. After a laser pulse, the positive chirp promoted the yield of vibrational states to increase, but the negative chirp inhibited its decrease. For the D1Πu state, when laser intensity is 1.0 × 1014 W/cm2, the purity and yield of target state v ′ = 0 reached the maximum at 1350 fs. That is to say, changing the laser parameters and pulse shapes could control the photochemical reaction along our desired direction. These conditions will provide an important reference and suggest a scheme for a feasible photoassociation of further experimental and theoretical research studies. Current study may promote an important step toward the realization of highly accurate quantum manipulation and material synthesis.
{"title":"Investigating the Selective Control of Photoassociation of Yb2","authors":"Junxia Cheng, B. Tian, Siyu Li, Jia Wang, Shenjiang Wu","doi":"10.1155/2021/6859330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6859330","url":null,"abstract":"The selective control of photoassociation of Yb2 is investigated in theory. Based on ab initio to rationalize Franck–Condon filtering, the optimal target states of photoassociation have been obtained. The corresponding vibrational transitions from X1Σ+g to the excited state (A1Σu+, B1Πu, C1Σu+, and D1Πu) are \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 v\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ′\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 = 23, 50, 55, and 0, respectively. By using quantum wave packet dynamic methods, we calculated the yields with time evaluation for the selected target states. The projections of time-dependent wave functions of initial states on the target vibrational eigenstates reflected the synthetic yields of Yb2. For target A1Σu+, we used Gaussian pulse to make the yield of \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 v\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ′\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 = 23 up to 97% at 725 fs. After a laser pulse, the positive chirp promoted the yield of vibrational states to increase, but the negative chirp inhibited its decrease. For the D1Πu state, when laser intensity is 1.0 × 1014 W/cm2, the purity and yield of target state \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 v\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ′\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 = 0 reached the maximum at 1350 fs. That is to say, changing the laser parameters and pulse shapes could control the photochemical reaction along our desired direction. These conditions will provide an important reference and suggest a scheme for a feasible photoassociation of further experimental and theoretical research studies. Current study may promote an important step toward the realization of highly accurate quantum manipulation and material synthesis.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49475303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Donge Zhao, Chaozheng Jia, Yayun Ma, Xuefeng Yang, Bin Zhang, W. Chu
According to the principle of phase-shifting interferometry and spiral phase characteristics of the vortex beam, this article proposes a method for detecting the surface profile of a transparent object, in which the +1 order vortex beam is generated by a spatial light modulator and is taken as the reference light. The influence of the nonlinear phase modulation characteristics of the spatial light modulator on the measurement precision is studied. The results show that nonlinear phase modulation has a great impact on the measurement. Then, the vortex lights with initial phases of 0, π/2, π, and 3π/2 are used to measure the H-type thin film sample based on the Twyman-Green interference system after correcting the nonlinear phase modulation characteristics. The experimental results show that the measurement error of the surface profile to an object with the theoretical value of 20 nm is 1.146 nm, and the feasibility of the optical vortex phase-shifting technique used to measure the surface profile of an object is verified.
{"title":"High-Accuracy Surface Profile Measurement Based on the Vortex Phase-Shifting Interferometry","authors":"Donge Zhao, Chaozheng Jia, Yayun Ma, Xuefeng Yang, Bin Zhang, W. Chu","doi":"10.1155/2021/6937072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6937072","url":null,"abstract":"According to the principle of phase-shifting interferometry and spiral phase characteristics of the vortex beam, this article proposes a method for detecting the surface profile of a transparent object, in which the +1 order vortex beam is generated by a spatial light modulator and is taken as the reference light. The influence of the nonlinear phase modulation characteristics of the spatial light modulator on the measurement precision is studied. The results show that nonlinear phase modulation has a great impact on the measurement. Then, the vortex lights with initial phases of 0, π/2, π, and 3π/2 are used to measure the H-type thin film sample based on the Twyman-Green interference system after correcting the nonlinear phase modulation characteristics. The experimental results show that the measurement error of the surface profile to an object with the theoretical value of 20 nm is 1.146 nm, and the feasibility of the optical vortex phase-shifting technique used to measure the surface profile of an object is verified.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46362751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ping Ye, Guoyang Wang, Yizhou Yang, Qinghao Meng, Jiahui Wang, Bo Su, Cunlin Zhang
A new type of embedded cyclic olefin copolymer microfluidic chip was designed and combined with terahertz (THz) technology to study the effects of glycine and arginine on the THz wave absorption characteristics. This study aims to understand the interactions between solid amino acid molecules and between amino acid and water molecules and to determine the changes in their microstructure. By observing the intensity of the time domain spectra in the range of 0.2–2.6 THz, we found that, as the concentration of glycine and arginine increased, the THz transmission gradually decreased. It can be inferred that the molecular structure and quantity of different amino acids have different influence on the hydrogen bond, which affects the absorption coefficient in solution. It was also found that the terahertz technique is able to identify the solid amino acid species better, and it can also perform some species identification for liquid amino acids. These results provide a reference for future studies on the terahertz absorption properties of amino acid samples. Moreover, Gaussian16 software was used to calculate the terahertz spectra using the density functional theory, B3LYP functional, and 6-31G basis set. Additionally, Gaussian View6 video software provided the frequency values, molecular vibration modes of the theoretical absorption peaks of glycine, arginine, and its aqueous solutions in the frequency range of 0.2–2.6 THz, which offers theoretical support for future studies.
{"title":"Terahertz Absorption Properties of Two Solid Amino Acids and Their Aqueous Solutions","authors":"Ping Ye, Guoyang Wang, Yizhou Yang, Qinghao Meng, Jiahui Wang, Bo Su, Cunlin Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2021/9203999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9203999","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of embedded cyclic olefin copolymer microfluidic chip was designed and combined with terahertz (THz) technology to study the effects of glycine and arginine on the THz wave absorption characteristics. This study aims to understand the interactions between solid amino acid molecules and between amino acid and water molecules and to determine the changes in their microstructure. By observing the intensity of the time domain spectra in the range of 0.2–2.6 THz, we found that, as the concentration of glycine and arginine increased, the THz transmission gradually decreased. It can be inferred that the molecular structure and quantity of different amino acids have different influence on the hydrogen bond, which affects the absorption coefficient in solution. It was also found that the terahertz technique is able to identify the solid amino acid species better, and it can also perform some species identification for liquid amino acids. These results provide a reference for future studies on the terahertz absorption properties of amino acid samples. Moreover, Gaussian16 software was used to calculate the terahertz spectra using the density functional theory, B3LYP functional, and 6-31G basis set. Additionally, Gaussian View6 video software provided the frequency values, molecular vibration modes of the theoretical absorption peaks of glycine, arginine, and its aqueous solutions in the frequency range of 0.2–2.6 THz, which offers theoretical support for future studies.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45459151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Kanevskii, S. Kolienov, V. Grygoruk, O. Stelmakh, Hao Zhang
The relationship between the spatial-frequency parameters of a rough surface with a random profile, which has a Gaussian form of the correlation function, and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the electric field created by this surface is determined. The numerical determination of the evanescent field optimal configuration formed near the quartz rough surface in the gaseous medium saturated with chlorine molecules when illuminated from the quartz side has been considered. The finite-element approach is used to solve the Helmholtz two-dimensional vector equation. It was found that at the initial stage of photochemical polishing different electrodynamic conditions are created for the etching process depending on the profile height standard deviation value. In particular, when the standard deviation is less than 1 nm, all surface protrusions, for which the spatial spectrum harmonics of the profile are located in the region of the maximum slope of the spectral function, are most actively etched. This leads to a decrease in the effective width of the spatial spectrum of a rough quartz surface and an increase in its correlation length. Therefore, simultaneously with decreasing the height of the protrusions, the surface becomes flatter. The paper shows the different character of quartz surface nano-polishing process conditions depending on the initial standard deviation of the profile height.
{"title":"Analysis of the Spatial-Frequency Characteristics of the Photo-Assisted Method of a Quartz Rough Surface Nano-Polishing","authors":"V. Kanevskii, S. Kolienov, V. Grygoruk, O. Stelmakh, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2021/8773864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8773864","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between the spatial-frequency parameters of a rough surface with a random profile, which has a Gaussian form of the correlation function, and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the electric field created by this surface is determined. The numerical determination of the evanescent field optimal configuration formed near the quartz rough surface in the gaseous medium saturated with chlorine molecules when illuminated from the quartz side has been considered. The finite-element approach is used to solve the Helmholtz two-dimensional vector equation. It was found that at the initial stage of photochemical polishing different electrodynamic conditions are created for the etching process depending on the profile height standard deviation value. In particular, when the standard deviation is less than 1 nm, all surface protrusions, for which the spatial spectrum harmonics of the profile are located in the region of the maximum slope of the spectral function, are most actively etched. This leads to a decrease in the effective width of the spatial spectrum of a rough quartz surface and an increase in its correlation length. Therefore, simultaneously with decreasing the height of the protrusions, the surface becomes flatter. The paper shows the different character of quartz surface nano-polishing process conditions depending on the initial standard deviation of the profile height.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42657501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuanpu Zhang, Zhihan Wang, Shi Liu, Siyu Gou, R. Fan, Duo Jin, Z. Bai, Zhen-xu Bai
Lasers with narrow linewidths and single frequencies are widely used in fields such as radar detection, nonlinear optics, and precision measurements. The demand for such lasers has promoted the rapid development of single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) selection technology. Here, we highlight the working principles of current mainstream SLM selection technologies and the recent advances in the field. We compare the characteristics of different SLM selection methods and list the challenges faced by these technologies.
{"title":"Development of Single-Longitudinal-Mode Selection Technology for Solid-State Lasers","authors":"Xuanpu Zhang, Zhihan Wang, Shi Liu, Siyu Gou, R. Fan, Duo Jin, Z. Bai, Zhen-xu Bai","doi":"10.1155/2021/6667015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6667015","url":null,"abstract":"Lasers with narrow linewidths and single frequencies are widely used in fields such as radar detection, nonlinear optics, and precision measurements. The demand for such lasers has promoted the rapid development of single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) selection technology. Here, we highlight the working principles of current mainstream SLM selection technologies and the recent advances in the field. We compare the characteristics of different SLM selection methods and list the challenges faced by these technologies.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43166863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laser current and temperature control circuits have been developed for a distributed feedback laser diode, which is applied as the light source of a tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy system. The laser’s temperature fluctuation can be limited within the range of −0.02 to 0.02°C, and good operation stability was observed through 15 hours of monitoring on the emitting wavelength of the laser. Response time of temperature modulation was tested which is suitable for the tuning requirements of gas detection systems. Laser current can be injected within the range from 40 to 80 mA. In addition, a linear power supply circuit has been developed to provide stable and low-noise power supply for the system. The physical principles of laser modulation theory are discussed before experiments. Experiments show that the output wavelength of the laser can be tuned accurately through changing the working current and temperature. The wavelength can be linearly controlled by temperature at 0.115 nm/°C (I = 70 mA) and be controlled by current at 0.0140 nm/mA (T = 25°C). This is essential for the tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy systems. The proposed cost-effective circuits can replace commercial instruments to drive the laser to meet the requirements of methane detection experiments. It can also be applied to detect other gases by changing the light source lasers and parameters of the circuits.
{"title":"Research on Spectroscopy Modulation of a Distributed Feedback Laser Diode Based on the TDLAS Technique","authors":"Bin Li, L. Xue, Nan Ji, Daikang Wei","doi":"10.1155/2021/8829790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8829790","url":null,"abstract":"Laser current and temperature control circuits have been developed for a distributed feedback laser diode, which is applied as the light source of a tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy system. The laser’s temperature fluctuation can be limited within the range of −0.02 to 0.02°C, and good operation stability was observed through 15 hours of monitoring on the emitting wavelength of the laser. Response time of temperature modulation was tested which is suitable for the tuning requirements of gas detection systems. Laser current can be injected within the range from 40 to 80 mA. In addition, a linear power supply circuit has been developed to provide stable and low-noise power supply for the system. The physical principles of laser modulation theory are discussed before experiments. Experiments show that the output wavelength of the laser can be tuned accurately through changing the working current and temperature. The wavelength can be linearly controlled by temperature at 0.115 nm/°C (I = 70 mA) and be controlled by current at 0.0140 nm/mA (T = 25°C). This is essential for the tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy systems. The proposed cost-effective circuits can replace commercial instruments to drive the laser to meet the requirements of methane detection experiments. It can also be applied to detect other gases by changing the light source lasers and parameters of the circuits.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47303652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy storage devices constitute one of the research areas in recent years. Capacitors are commonly used for the storage of electrical energy. The current research is focusing on not only the improvement in energy density but also the materials which are environment friendly. Polymer composites are known to be technically essential materials owing to their wide range of applications. Enormous research has been devoted to zinc oxide- (ZnO-) based polymer nanocomposites, due to their extraordinary dielectric properties. This review article presents a detailed study of the dielectric properties of ZnO-based nanocomposites. The dielectric constant study includes the effect of transition metals and rare earth metals as a dopant in ZnO. This review gives an insight into the mechanism responsible for the variation of dielectric constant in ZnO nanocomposites due to various factors like size of nanoparticles, thickness of the thin film, operating frequency, doping concentration, and atomic number. The observations have been summarized to convey the mechanism and structural changes involved in the ZnO nanocomposites to the researchers. The deployment of biodegradable nanocomposite materials is expected to open an innovative way for their outstanding electronic applications as storage materials.
{"title":"Dielectric Properties of ZnO-Based Nanocomposites and Their Potential Applications","authors":"D. Kaur, Amardeep Bharti, Tripti Sharma, C. Madhu","doi":"10.1155/2021/9950202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9950202","url":null,"abstract":"Energy storage devices constitute one of the research areas in recent years. Capacitors are commonly used for the storage of electrical energy. The current research is focusing on not only the improvement in energy density but also the materials which are environment friendly. Polymer composites are known to be technically essential materials owing to their wide range of applications. Enormous research has been devoted to zinc oxide- (ZnO-) based polymer nanocomposites, due to their extraordinary dielectric properties. This review article presents a detailed study of the dielectric properties of ZnO-based nanocomposites. The dielectric constant study includes the effect of transition metals and rare earth metals as a dopant in ZnO. This review gives an insight into the mechanism responsible for the variation of dielectric constant in ZnO nanocomposites due to various factors like size of nanoparticles, thickness of the thin film, operating frequency, doping concentration, and atomic number. The observations have been summarized to convey the mechanism and structural changes involved in the ZnO nanocomposites to the researchers. The deployment of biodegradable nanocomposite materials is expected to open an innovative way for their outstanding electronic applications as storage materials.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42850727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glaucoma is a fatal eye disease that harms the optic disc (OD) and optic cup (OC) and results into blindness in progressed phases. Because of slow progress, the disease exhibits a small number of symptoms in the initial stages, therefore causing the disease identification to be a complicated task. So, a fully automatic framework is mandatory, which can support the screening process and increase the chances of disease detection in the early stages. In this paper, we deal with the localization and segmentation of the OD and OC for glaucoma detection from blur retinal images. We have presented a novel method that is Densenet-77-based Mask-RCNN to overcome the challenges of the glaucoma detection. Initially, we have performed the data augmentation step together with adding blurriness in samples to increase the diversity of data. Then, we have generated the annotations from ground-truth (GT) images. After that, the Densenet-77 framework is employed at the feature extraction level of Mask-RCNN to compute the deep key points. Finally, the calculated features are used to localize and segment the OD and OC by the custom Mask-RCNN model. For performance evaluation, we have used the ORIGA dataset that is publicly available. Furthermore, we have performed cross-dataset validation on the HRF database to show the robustness of the presented framework. The presented framework has achieved an average precision, recall, F-measure, and IOU as 0.965, 0.963, 0.97, and 0.972, respectively. The proposed method achieved remarkable performance in terms of both efficiency and effectiveness as compared to the latest techniques under the presence of blurring, noise, and light variations.
{"title":"Optic Disc and Optic Cup Segmentation for Glaucoma Detection from Blur Retinal Images Using Improved Mask-RCNN","authors":"Tahira Nazir, Aun Irtaza, V. Starovoitov","doi":"10.1155/2021/6641980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6641980","url":null,"abstract":"Glaucoma is a fatal eye disease that harms the optic disc (OD) and optic cup (OC) and results into blindness in progressed phases. Because of slow progress, the disease exhibits a small number of symptoms in the initial stages, therefore causing the disease identification to be a complicated task. So, a fully automatic framework is mandatory, which can support the screening process and increase the chances of disease detection in the early stages. In this paper, we deal with the localization and segmentation of the OD and OC for glaucoma detection from blur retinal images. We have presented a novel method that is Densenet-77-based Mask-RCNN to overcome the challenges of the glaucoma detection. Initially, we have performed the data augmentation step together with adding blurriness in samples to increase the diversity of data. Then, we have generated the annotations from ground-truth (GT) images. After that, the Densenet-77 framework is employed at the feature extraction level of Mask-RCNN to compute the deep key points. Finally, the calculated features are used to localize and segment the OD and OC by the custom Mask-RCNN model. For performance evaluation, we have used the ORIGA dataset that is publicly available. Furthermore, we have performed cross-dataset validation on the HRF database to show the robustness of the presented framework. The presented framework has achieved an average precision, recall, F-measure, and IOU as 0.965, 0.963, 0.97, and 0.972, respectively. The proposed method achieved remarkable performance in terms of both efficiency and effectiveness as compared to the latest techniques under the presence of blurring, noise, and light variations.","PeriodicalId":55995,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42702655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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