Anthropocene最新文献_第6页

Environmental DNA reveals anthropogenic impacts on fish diversity in mountain streams and the increasing risk of species invasion 环境DNA揭示了人类活动对山涧鱼类多样性的影响和物种入侵风险的增加

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100481

Yu Zhou , Yunchao Luo , Fan Yu , Zihong Zheng , Jidong Li , Yu Wang , Xu Wang , Jiale Cheng , Zhongqiu Li , Lin Wang , Aichun Xu

Fish diversity and population dynamics are critical to freshwater ecosystem health. However, the direct disturbance of fish communities resulting from human activities and indirect impacts during environmental modifications pose significant risks to fish diversity. In this study, we employed eDNA metabarcoding technology to investigate the diversity and distribution of fish in the main water sources of the Zhejiang Jiulongshan National Nature Reserve. A total of 11 orders, 24 families, 47 genera and 61 species of fish, including 5 exotic species, were identified. The results revealed a greater number of fish species at the lower-elevation sampling sites but greater uncertainty at the higher-elevation sampling sites. However, small numbers of exotic fish species were observed at almost all the sampling sites. Cypriniformes served as biomarkers at the sampling sites with tourism activities, whereas more unique taxonomic units, such as Siluriformes and Gobiiformes, were observed at the sampling sites without tourism activities. Many environmental factors were significantly correlated with fish community differences within and outside the core area. Notably, the mean total organic carbon (TOC) and mean chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels were 8.73 % and 17.51 % greater, respectively, in the core area than outside the core area. In contrast, the phosphate, sulfide, Fe and pH levels were greater outside the core area than inside the core area. Our study revealed anthropogenic disturbances to biological communities in freshwater ecosystems by investigating the distribution and abundance of fish OTUs. Changes in the aquatic environment and biological invasions triggered by the activities of indigenous people, ecotourism and the operation of artificial fishponds may be the main risk factors influencing fish diversity in mountain streams.

鱼类多样性和种群动态对淡水生态系统的健康至关重要。然而，人类活动对鱼类群落的直接干扰和环境变化过程中的间接影响对鱼类多样性构成了重大威胁。本研究采用eDNA元条形码技术对浙江九龙山国家级自然保护区主要水源鱼类的多样性和分布进行了研究。共鉴定出鱼类11目24科47属61种，其中外来种5种。结果表明，低海拔取样点的鱼类种类较多，而高海拔取样点的不确定性较大。然而，在几乎所有的采样点都观察到少量的外来鱼类。在有旅游活动的采样点以Cypriniformes为生物标记，而在没有旅游活动的采样点则以Siluriformes和Gobiiformes为独特的分类单位。许多环境因子与核心区内外鱼类群落差异呈显著相关。核心区的平均总有机碳（TOC）和平均化学需氧量（COD）水平分别比核心区外高8.73 %和17.51 %。相比之下，核心区外的磷酸盐、硫化物、铁和pH值高于核心区内。本研究通过调查鱼类otu的分布和丰度，揭示了淡水生态系统中生物群落的人为干扰。土著居民活动、生态旅游和人工鱼塘经营引发的水生环境变化和生物入侵可能是影响山间溪流鱼类多样性的主要危险因素。

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引用次数: 0

Different responses of cyanobacterial communities to climate change and anthropogenic activities revealed by the 500-year sedimentary record of Lake Daihai 代海500年沉积记录揭示的蓝藻群落对气候变化和人类活动的不同响应

IF 3.9 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100490

Jing Wang , Hai Xu , Jianghu Lan , Kang’en Zhou , Yunping Song , Jin Zhang , Meiling Yang , Baoli Wang

Different responses of lake microbial assemblages to climate changes and human activities are not well understood due to the scarcity of long-term biodiversity records. In this study, an approach of paleolimnology and metagenomic sequencing of sedimentary ancient DNA was combinedly used to investigate environmental changes, lake primary productivity, and cyanobacterial community succession over the last ∼500 years in Lake Daihai, northern China. The results show a different response of cyanobacterial communities to climate change and anthropogenic activities on different timescales. Lake primary productivity, biodiversity, and trophic status were in a generally natural state and were mainly controlled by temperature and precipitation before ∼1850 CE, but were clearly affected by human activities thereafter. Overall microbial diversity values gradually increased after ∼1850 CE, and ordination analysis further indicates that the present community is substantially dissimilar to that observed before ∼1850 CE. The structure of cyanobacterial communities was relatively stable prior to ∼1850 CE, followed by prominent decadal scale fluctuations that were broadly synchronous with the sedimentary organic matter molecular compositions. These molecular proxies reveal that anthropogenic forcing, rather than climate, may be the primary controls of cyanobacterial communities over the past one more century. Enhanced land-use change and cropland runoff, and increased discharges of industrial wastewater and human sewage are likely the main factors driving changes in lake primary productivity and cyanobacterial community composition. Our finding highlights the sensitive responses of lake ecosystem to anthropogenic disturbance in the monsoon marginal zone, and proper exogenous nutrient control (e.g., thresholds for agricultural runoff) is necessary to maintain the sustainability of the regional aquatic ecosystems.

由于缺乏长期的生物多样性记录，湖泊微生物组合对气候变化和人类活动的不同响应尚未得到很好的了解。本研究采用古湖泊学和沉积古DNA宏基因组测序相结合的方法，研究了中国北方代海湖近500年来的环境变化、湖泊初级生产力和蓝藻群落演替。结果表明，在不同的时间尺度上，蓝藻群落对气候变化和人为活动的响应不同。在~ 1850 CE之前，湖泊初级生产力、生物多样性和营养状况基本处于自然状态，主要受温度和降水控制，但此后受到人类活动的明显影响。总体微生物多样性值在~ 1850 CE之后逐渐增加，排序分析进一步表明，目前的群落与~ 1850 CE之前观察到的有很大的不同。在~ 1850 CE之前，蓝藻群落结构相对稳定，随后出现明显的年代际波动，与沉积有机质分子组成大致同步。这些分子代用物表明，在过去的一个多世纪里，人为强迫而不是气候可能是蓝藻群落的主要控制因素。土地利用变化和农田径流加剧、工业废水和生活污水排放增加可能是导致湖泊初级生产力和蓝藻群落组成变化的主要因素。我们的发现强调了季风边缘区湖泊生态系统对人为干扰的敏感响应，适当的外源养分控制（如农业径流阈值）对于维持区域水生生态系统的可持续性是必要的。

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引用次数: 0

Complex spatiotemporal heterogeneity in Holocene human activities revealed by pollen and Pb records from major monsoonal China 中国主要季风期花粉和Pb记录揭示的全新世人类活动复杂时空异质性

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100484

Xiaoxu Qu , Zhiguo Rao , Zhongwei Shen , Yunxia Li , Lin Zhao , Chao Huang

Human activities have had significant impacts on the natural environment and the concept of Anthropocene sparked many debates during the Holocene. Extensive research has been conducted in investigating past human activities by using multi-proxies in geological archives. However, previous research has normally focused on analyzing the human activity with limited proxy records and lacks integrated studies utilizing multiple types of proxies within the same region. Through multi-proxy analysis of pollen and heavy metal records from 24 sites across Southern, Northern, and Southwestern China, this study reveals the spatiotemporal variations in human activities and different responses of proxies to human activities. The results indicate that: (i) the integrated Z-Score results of pollen and Pb suggest the spatial differences in the history of human activities, with Southern China experiencing the earliest anthropogenic influence, followed by Northern and Southwestern China. (ii) different proxies exhibit varying responses to human activities, with pollen records typically responding earlier than heavy metal records, due to the different inherent characteristics of proxies and historical stages of human activities. (iii) there are also temporal differences in altitude for human activities indicated by different proxies. Human activities of the same type mainly occur in low-altitude areas and then spread to high-altitude areas. Therefore, it is essential to utilize multi-proxy in various geological archives to reconstruct a more comprehensive history of human activities and provides deeper insights into human-environment interactions.

人类活动对自然环境产生了重大影响，人类世的概念在全新世期间引发了许多争论。利用地质档案中的多代理资料对过去人类活动进行了广泛的研究。然而，以往的研究大多集中在有限的代理记录下对人类活动的分析，缺乏在同一区域内利用多种类型代理的综合研究。通过对中国南方、北方和西南地区24个站点花粉和重金属记录的多代理分析，揭示了人类活动的时空变化及其对人类活动的不同响应。结果表明：(1)花粉和Pb的综合Z-Score结果反映了人类活动历史上的空间差异，华南地区受人类活动影响最早，其次是华北和西南地区。（ii）由于代用物的内在特征和人类活动的历史阶段不同，不同代用物对人类活动的响应不同，花粉记录的响应通常早于重金属记录。（iii）不同代用物所显示的人类活动的海拔高度也存在时间差异。同类型的人类活动主要发生在低海拔地区，然后向高海拔地区扩散。因此，利用各种地质档案中的多代理来重建更全面的人类活动历史，并为人类与环境的相互作用提供更深入的认识是必要的。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive method for source identification and environmental capacity of agricultural soil heavy metals: A case study in Yiwu City, China 农业土壤重金属来源识别与环境容量综合方法研究——以义乌市为例

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100483

Ning Li , Yan Li , Huanchao Zhang , Xuefeng Xie , Ke Liu , QingBin Fan , Zhenyi Jia

Accurate identification of heavy metals (HMs) pollution sources is a premise for effective management of HMs pollution, while the existing source apportionment methods are subject to greater human subjectivity. Taking agricultural soil in Yiwu City as a case study, based on receptor models, GeoDetector was introduced to compensate for the defects that receptor models could not consider the spatial geographic information, to reduce the interference of anthropogenic subjective judgments on the identification of HMs pollution sources. In this study, the GeoDetector involves natural explanatory variables (slope, aspect, and elevation) and anthropogenic explanatory variables (land use type, pH, and the nearest distance from the sampling site to rivers, factories, roads, railways and residential areas). With the assistance of GeoDetector, the source apportionment results showed that HMs originated from fertilization (43.38 %), emissions from traffic and urban household (32.64 %), and river irrigation (23.98 %). Whether concentration-oriented or source-oriented, probability of health risk for population is very low. Soil HMs had a mild comprehensive environmental capacity (EC) risk (PI = 0.93), and Cd brought by fertilization reached a moderate EC risk (P_i = 0.41). This study can provide reference for the priority control of soil HMs pollution sources, in order to effectively reduce pollution risks.

准确识别重金属污染源是有效管理重金属污染的前提，而现有的污染源分摊方法受人的主观性较大。以义乌市农业土壤为例，在受体模型的基础上引入GeoDetector，弥补受体模型不能考虑空间地理信息的缺陷，减少人为主观判断对土壤有机质污染源识别的干扰。在本研究中，GeoDetector涉及自然解释变量（坡度、坡向和海拔）和人为解释变量（土地利用类型、pH值以及采样点到河流、工厂、公路、铁路和居民区的最近距离）。在GeoDetector的辅助下，污染源分配结果表明：施肥（43.38 %）、交通和城市家庭排放（32.64 %）和河流灌溉（23.98 %）是主要污染源。无论是集中型还是源型，人口健康风险的概率都很低。土壤HMs具有轻度综合环境容量风险（PI = 0.93），施肥带来的Cd具有中度综合环境容量风险（PI = 0.41）。本研究可为土壤有机质污染源的优先控制提供参考，以有效降低污染风险。

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引用次数: 0

Perception and drivers of cultural ecosystem services in waterfront green spaces: Insights from social media text analysis 滨水绿地文化生态系统服务的感知与驱动：来自社交媒体文本分析的见解

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100477

Jie Li , Xiuqian Guo , Jiajun You , Zongfei He , Zhenfeng Yang , Lina Wang

With urbanization accelerating, waterfront green spaces—as critical interfaces between nature and human systems—play an essential role in delivering cultural ecosystem services (CES) that support sustainable urban development. This study employed content analysis and text mining techniques on social media platforms to collect 102,586 user-generated comments on 51 waterfront green spaces along the Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek in Shanghai, China. We constructed CES and landscape element dictionaries, applied sentiment analysis to measure emotional responses, and classified user reviews by CES frequency. Key influencing factors were identified through multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that: (1) Ten CES categories were identified, and the public generally expressed a positive attitude toward the CES provided by waterfront green spaces, with an average satisfaction score of 90.14 %. The perception frequencies of recreation (0.68), aesthetic (0.67), and naturalist (0.62) emerged as the primary motivations for visitation; (2) Waterfront green spaces were categorized into four types based on CES perception frequencies: history and culture-led, sports and health-led, naturalist-led, and CES-balanced spaces; (3) Key factors influencing public satisfaction were identified. Among natural landscape elements, flowers and lawns, water bodies, and topography and rocking formations contributed to satisfaction in three CES categories. Among artificial elements, roads and squares, built structures, and transportation facilities were linked to satisfaction in five, four, and three CES categories, respectively. Interestingly, pets also emerged as a notable factor, contributing to satisfaction in five CES categories. This study provides empirical insights into public CES preferences and offers practical guidance for the planning and management of waterfront green spaces.

随着城市化进程的加快，滨水绿地作为连接自然与人类系统的关键接口，在提供文化生态系统服务（CES）、支持城市可持续发展方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究采用社交媒体平台上的内容分析和文本挖掘技术，收集了中国上海黄浦江和苏州河沿岸51个滨水绿地的102586条用户评论。我们构建了CES和景观元素词典，应用情感分析来衡量情绪反应，并根据CES频率对用户评论进行分类。通过多元线性回归分析，确定了关键影响因素。研究发现：(1)公众对滨水绿地提供的消费体验总体持肯定态度，平均满意度为90.14 %；游憩（0.68）、审美（0.67）和自然（0.62）是游客的主要动机；(2)基于CES感知频率，将滨水绿地划分为历史文化主导、运动健康主导、自然主义主导和CES平衡空间4种类型；(3)确定影响公众满意度的关键因素。在自然景观要素中，花卉和草坪、水体、地形和岩层对三个CES类别的满意度有所贡献。在人工要素中，道路和广场、建筑物、交通设施分别在5、4、3个CES项目中与满意度相关。有趣的是，宠物也是一个值得注意的因素，在CES的五个类别中都对满意度有贡献。本研究提供了公众消费空间偏好的实证见解，并为滨水绿地的规划与管理提供了实践指导。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal dynamics of ecological quality on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Drivers, trends, and implications for sustainable development 青藏高原生态质量时空动态：可持续发展的驱动力、趋势与启示

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100476

Tianjie Tong , Daojun Zhong , Zhenhan Tu

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a vital ecological frontier undergoing significant environmental changes due to climate change and escalating human activity. This study examines the spatiotemporal trends of ecological quality across the QTP from 2000 to 2020 utilizing an integrated analytical framework that combines the Remote Sensing-based Ecological Index (RSEI), Sen-Mann-Kendall trend analysis, and decision tree classification. Our data indicate that 17.32 % of the plateau saw substantial ecological enhancement during the research period, especially in the eastern and northern parts. In contrast, only 2.70 % exhibited degradation, primarily in the southern portions. The temporal study revealed a transition towards ecological stabilization throughout the 2010–2020 timeframe in contrast to the more erratic 2000–2010 decade. Attribution study revealed that human activities were the primary catalyst of ecological change, influencing 8.42 % of the area, with predominantly positive effects observed in 82.86 % of human-affected regions, defying traditional beliefs regarding anthropogenic consequences in high-altitude ecosystems. Climate elements demonstrated intricate influences, with precipitation often improving ecological quality, whereas temperature effects transitioned from largely detrimental to more balanced over time. Examining land cover transitions revealed that grassland restoration is especially advantageous for ecological enhancement, with the conversion from bare land to grassland being the most substantial positive change. Our findings underscore the efficacy of ecological restoration initiatives while elucidating the regionally distinct relationships between climatic and anthropogenic factors. These findings highlight the necessity for geographically customized conservation programs that tackle particular regional issues and leverage proven restoration achievements. This research enhances our comprehension of biological dynamics in high-altitude habitats and establishes a scientific basis for the sustainable management of the QTP, a region of global ecological importance.

由于气候变化和人类活动的加剧，青藏高原是一个重要的生态前沿。利用遥感生态指数（RSEI）、Sen-Mann-Kendall趋势分析和决策树分类相结合的综合分析框架，研究了2000 - 2020年青藏高原生态质量的时空变化趋势。结果表明，17.32% %的青藏高原在研究期间出现了明显的生态改善，尤其是东部和北部。相比之下，只有2.70 %出现退化，主要在南部地区。时间研究揭示了2010-2020年期间向生态稳定的过渡，而2000-2010年期间则更加不稳定。归因研究表明，人类活动是生态变化的主要催化剂，影响了8.42% %的区域，在82.86 %的人类影响区域中观察到主要的积极影响，打破了人类活动对高海拔生态系统影响的传统观念。气候要素表现出复杂的影响，降水通常改善生态质量，而温度影响随着时间的推移从很大程度上有害转变为更加平衡。研究表明，草地恢复对生态增强特别有利，其中裸地向草地的转变是最实质性的积极变化。我们的研究结果强调了生态恢复措施的有效性，同时阐明了气候和人为因素之间的区域差异关系。这些发现强调了地理定制保护计划的必要性，以解决特定的区域问题，并利用已证明的恢复成果。本研究提高了我们对高海拔生境生物动态的认识，为青藏高原这一全球重要生态区域的可持续管理提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the role of a Mediterranean transhumance drove road as shelter for amphibian breeding 探索地中海迁徙道路作为两栖动物繁殖庇护所的作用

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100469

Christian Arnanz , Paloma Alcorlo , Pablo Amador , Francisco M. Azcárate , Diego Llusia , Violeta Hevia

Amphibians face global population declines due to environmental degradation and habitat loss, particularly impacting breeding water bodies. Thus, we hypothesise that water bodies associated with traditional pastoralist practices, such as those along drove roads used for transhumance (e.g. ponds and troughs), may play a crucial role in supporting amphibian assemblages. Conducted in one of the main drove roads still in use in Spain (the Conquense Drove Road, hereafter CDR), this study evaluated the conservation condition and contribution of the CDR water bodies to amphibian breeding assemblages at a landscape scale. We also explored the influence of landscape (land use cover) and local (water body characteristics) variables on the occurrence of breeding amphibians within and outside the CDR. Results confirm that the CDR provides a significantly higher proportion of functional water bodies to the landscape compared to its surroundings, providing highly valuable refuges for amphibians against threats caused by land use intensification. This key function of the CDR in the maintenance of amphibian breeding points persists despite the observed lack of continuity of water bodies along its route. Ponds and the most naturalized troughs (the minority of them) were identified as the most suitable habitats, supporting species such as Discoglossus galganoi, Pleurodeles waltl, Epidalea calamita, Hyla molleri, Pelobates cultripes, Pelodytes punctatus, and Pelophylax perezi. Only the latter two were found in troughs. While pond creation and restoration should be prioritized due to their higher suitability for amphibians, we demonstrated that troughs still serve as complementary habitats and refuges if properly managed. We recommend ensuring a minimum hydroperiod, promoting the development of sediment and macrophytes, and implementing access ramps for terrestrial wildlife.

由于环境退化和栖息地丧失，特别是对繁殖水体的影响，两栖动物面临全球数量下降的问题。因此，我们假设，与传统畜牧业有关的水体，如用于畜牧业的公路沿线的水体（如池塘和水槽），可能在支持两栖动物群落方面发挥关键作用。本研究选取西班牙仍在使用的主要公路之一（conconense drive Road，以下简称CDR），在景观尺度上评价了CDR水体对两栖动物繁殖组合的保护状况和贡献。我们还探讨了景观（土地利用覆盖）和局部（水体特征）变量对CDR内外两栖动物繁殖发生的影响。结果表明，与周边环境相比，CDR为景观提供了更高比例的功能水体，为两栖动物抵御土地利用集约化带来的威胁提供了非常宝贵的避难所。尽管观察到沿途水体缺乏连续性，但CDR在维持两栖动物繁殖点方面的关键功能仍然存在。池塘和归化程度最高的沟槽（占少数）是最适宜的生境，支持种有：galgalanoi Discoglossus galgalanoi、Pleurodeles waltl、Epidalea calamita、Hyla molleri、Pelobates cultripes、Pelodytes punctatus和Pelophylax perezi。只有后两种是在水槽里发现的。虽然池塘的创建和恢复应该优先考虑，因为它们更适合两栖动物，但我们证明，如果管理得当，水槽仍然可以作为补充栖息地和避难所。我们建议确保最小水期，促进沉积物和大型植物的发展，并实施陆生野生动物的通道坡道。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced hydrological disturbance and atmospheric pollution on an ombrotrophic peatland (Greater Khingan Mountains, Northeast China) since 1950s inferred from diatom records 基于硅藻记录的50年代以来大兴安岭近营养型泥炭地水文扰动和大气污染加剧

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100473

Dongxue Han , Yang Sun , Jinxin Cong , Guoping Wang , Chuanyu Gao

Anthropogenic source emissions have caused unprecedented atmospheric environment pollution and natural ecosystem destruction in recent decades. It is necessary to explore the relationships among human, environment and ecosystem in a global change context. Ombrotrophic peatlands are precipitation-dependent and derive nutrients solely from atmospheric deposition, which can document environmental changes continuously. Diatoms preserved in peat sediments are abundant and diverse, and sensitive to hydrological environment changes. Here we reconstructed the historical water table conditions based on diatom from an ombrotrophic peatland in the northern Greater Khingan Mountains, and to assess the influence of climate and human on ecosystem development over the past 150 years. Our results revealed the hydrological condition in Hongtu (HT) peatland was mainly impacted by climate before 1950 AD. HT peatland remained in a pristine state with minimal human interference, as native inhabitants continued to hunt and gather. After the New China was established in 1949 AD, high frequency of fire events caused by rapid population growth, mining and industry destroyed the diatom diversity. Higher water table in HT peatland from 1950 AD to 1965 AD was resulted by higher rainfall. Since 1980 AD, especially after 2000 AD, a suddenly increase of tolerant diatoms species (Achnanthidium minutissimum and Craticula molestiformis) indicated enhanced anthropogenic disturbance. Anthropogenic emissions caused by industrial production and coal consumption increased the atmospheric nitrogen deposition. The abnormal drought of HT peatland was influenced by both climate warming and human activities since 1980s. The recent and strong effects of human activities on peatlands left significantly stratigraphic signals of the Anthropocene in peat deposits. Diatoms have potential to be applied as indicators of long-term hydrological changes in ombrotrophic peatlands, as they are highly sensitive to environmental changes and human disturbance.

近几十年来，人为源排放造成了前所未有的大气环境污染和自然生态系统破坏。在全球变化的背景下，有必要探讨人类、环境和生态系统之间的关系。近营养化泥炭地依赖于降水，其养分完全来自于大气沉降，可以连续记录环境变化。泥炭沉积物中保存的硅藻丰富多样，对水文环境变化敏感。本文以大兴安岭北缘一个深营养型泥炭地的硅藻为研究对象，重建了该地区近150年来的历史地下水位，并评价了气候和人类活动对该地区生态系统发展的影响。结果表明，1950年以前洪图泥炭地水文条件主要受气候影响。由于当地居民继续狩猎和采集，HT泥炭地保持着原始状态，人类的干预很少。1949年新中国成立后，由于人口快速增长、采矿业和工业等因素导致火灾频发，硅藻多样性遭到破坏。1950 ~ 1965年高温泥炭地地下水位升高是由于降水增多所致。自公元1980年以来，特别是公元2000年以后，耐受性硅藻种类（Achnanthidium minutissimum和Craticula molestiformis）的突然增加表明人为干扰增强。工业生产和煤炭消费造成的人为排放增加了大气氮沉降。20世纪80年代以来高温泥炭地异常干旱是气候变暖和人类活动共同影响的结果。最近人类活动对泥炭地的强烈影响在泥炭沉积物中留下了人类世的显著地层学信号。由于硅藻对环境变化和人为干扰高度敏感，因此有潜力作为营养型泥炭地长期水文变化的指标。

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引用次数: 0

Past and future climate change in the Zagros region of western Iran 伊朗西部扎格罗斯地区过去和未来的气候变化

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100475

Pedram Attarod , Haifeng Zhu , Samira Beiranvand , Thomas Grant Pypker , Vilma Bayramzadeh , Hamid Soofi Mariv , Kazhal Karimi

The decline of Zagros forests of western Iran is assumed to be a consequence of climate change. The impact of climate change extends beyond the environment and has affected living standards, the economy, society, and the cultural development of people in the Zagros region. This study aimed to analyze trends in the meteorological data obtained from observations at 16 synoptic weather stations in the Zagros region between1988 and 2022 and assessed future climate change under shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) scenarios. The Mann-Kendall (MK) test and Sen's slope estimator were applied to detect significant trends in meteorological datasets. Projected meteorological variables of the NorESM2-LM model under SSP1, SSP3, and SSP5 scenarios were downscaled from 2030 to 2060 for each station using a quantile mapping approach. From 1988–2022, annual air temperature (75 % of stations) and wind speed (56 % of stations) significantly increased (α=0.05), but there were no significant trends in precipitation for any of the stations. Since 1988, an increase was observed in both temperature (0.04 °C y⁻¹) and wind speed (0.02 m s⁻¹ y⁻¹). Compared to the historical period, the mean annual temperature is expected to increase under SSP1, SSP3, and SSP5 scenarios by 0.2°C, 0.4°C, and 1.2°C, respectively, between 2030 and 2060. However, our projections under all scenarios suggest a negligible increase in average annual precipitation in the Zagros region. The results of this research suggest that the Zagros region will be vulnerable to drought under all scenarios, leading to substantial impacts on water resources, Zagros forests, agriculture, and related socio-economic activities.

伊朗西部扎格罗斯森林的减少被认为是气候变化的结果。气候变化的影响超出了环境范畴，影响了扎格罗斯地区人民的生活水平、经济、社会和文化发展。本研究旨在分析1988 - 2022年扎格罗斯地区16个天气气象站观测数据的趋势，并评估共享社会经济路径（ssp）情景下的未来气候变化。采用Mann-Kendall （MK）检验和Sen's斜率估计来检测气象数据集的显著趋势。利用分位数映射方法，将NorESM2-LM模式在SSP1、SSP3和SSP5情景下的预估气象变量从2030年缩小到2060年。1988—2022年，气温（75 %）和风速（56 %）显著升高（α=0.05），但降水变化趋势不显著。自1988年以来，观测到温度（0.04°C y−1）和风速（0.02 m s−1 y−1）均有所增加。与历史时期相比，预计SSP1、SSP3和SSP5情景下的年平均气温在2030 - 2060年间将分别升高0.2°C、0.4°C和1.2°C。然而，我们在所有情景下的预测表明，扎格罗斯地区年平均降水量的增加可以忽略不计。本研究结果表明，在所有情景下，扎格罗斯地区都将容易受到干旱的影响，从而对水资源、扎格罗斯森林、农业和相关的社会经济活动产生重大影响。

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引用次数: 0

Highland transformation: Human impact in the Bukov Brook valley (Bohemian-Moravian Highlands) from Prehistory to the modern era 高地改造：人类对布科夫溪谷（波西米亚-摩拉维亚高地）从史前到现代的影响

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100474

Jan Petřík , Libor Petr , Miroslav Dejmal , Michaela Prišťáková , Michal Vágner , Petr Kočár , Klára Šabatová , Marcin Frączek , Aleš Bajer , Katarína Adameková , Mojmír Hrádek

The history of human activities in the Central European mid-mountains differs significantly from the intensively inhabited lowlands. The Bohemian-Moravian Highlands are believed to have been settled during the onset of metal mining in the 13th century AD. Our evidence from the floodplain deposits of Bukov Brook demonstrates deforestation and sporadic human settlement activities during the prehistoric era, already occurring as early as the Bronze Age, as evidenced by pottery, charcoal and Lens culinaris cf. in the alluvial fan sediments. In this period, the landscape was covered by Abies and Fagus. Since the 10th–12th centuries AD, an agricultural landscape with mild deforestation has been inferred from buried floodplain sediments, despite limited archaeological evidence of settlement. Significant geomorphological changes were observed in the 11th–13th centuries AD, driven by prospecting, mining activities, pond construction, and intensive deforestation, accompanied by the limited presence of cultivated grain. Between the 13th and 16th centuries AD, mining activities ceased, anthropogenic influence increased, and the deforested landscape became more conducive to agriculture, grain cultivation, and grazing. From the 16th century AD onwards, erosion from fine washouts of fields and pastures became prevalent, and the once-functional pond vanished. This comprehensive picture underscores the role of smaller catchments in mid-mountain regions like the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands highlighting their significance in the research of landscape transformation, resource exploitation, and land-use practices. It also sets the stage for further exploration into the evolving dynamics of human-environment interactions across various historical periods.

中欧中部山区的人类活动历史与密集居住的低地有很大不同。波希米亚-摩拉维亚高地被认为是在公元13世纪金属采矿开始时就有人定居的。我们从布科夫河河漫滩沉积物中获得的证据表明，在史前时代，森林砍伐和零星的人类定居活动早在青铜时代就已经发生了，冲积扇沉积物中的陶器、木炭和Lens culinaris就是证据。在这一时期，景观被冷杉和Fagus覆盖。自公元10 - 12世纪以来，从被掩埋的洪泛区沉积物中推断出了一个轻度砍伐的农业景观，尽管考古证据有限。在公元11 - 13世纪，由于勘探、采矿活动、池塘建设和密集的森林砍伐，伴随着有限的粮食种植，发生了重大的地貌变化。在公元13至16世纪之间，采矿活动停止，人为影响增加，森林被砍伐的景观变得更有利于农业、粮食种植和放牧。从公元16世纪开始，农田和牧场的侵蚀变得普遍，曾经的功能池塘消失了。这幅综合图强调了波希米亚-摩拉维亚高地等中部山区较小集水区的作用，突出了它们在景观转变、资源开发和土地利用实践研究中的重要性。它还为进一步探索不同历史时期人类与环境相互作用的演变动态奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0