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Saltwater intrusion and sea level rise threatens U.S. rural coastal landscapes and communities 海水入侵和海平面上升威胁美国农村沿海景观和社区
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100427
Kiera L. O’Donnell , Emily S. Bernhardt , Xi Yang , Ryan E. Emanuel , Marcelo Ardón , Manuel T. Lerdau , Alex K. Manda , Anna E. Braswell , Todd K. BenDor , Eric C. Edwards , Elizabeth Frankenberg , Ashley M. Helton , John S. Kominoski , Amy E. Lesen , Lindsay Naylor , Greg Noe , Kate L. Tully , Elliott White , Justin P. Wright

The United States (U.S.) coastal plain is subject to rising sea levels, land subsidence, more severe coastal storms, and more intense droughts. These changes lead to inputs of marine salts into freshwater-dependent coastal systems, creating saltwater intrusion. The penetration of salinity into the coastal interior is exacerbated by groundwater extraction and the high density of agricultural canals and ditches throughout much of the rural U.S. landscape. Together saltwater intrusion and sea level rise (SWISLR) create substantial changes to the social-ecological systems situated along the coastal plain. Many scholars and practitioners are engaged in studying and managing SWISLR impacts on social, economic, and ecological systems. However, most efforts are localized and disconnected, despite a widespread desire to understand this common threat. In addition to variable rates of sea level rise across the U.S. outer coastal plain, differences in geomorphic setting, water resources infrastructure and management, and climate extremes are resulting in different patterns of saltwater intrusion. Understanding both the absolute magnitude of this rapid environmental change, and the causes and consequences for its spatial and temporal variation presents an opportunity to build new mechanistic models to link directional climate change to temporally and spatially dynamic socio-environmental impacts. The diverse trajectories of change offer rich opportunities to test and refine modern theories of ecosystem state change in systems with exceptionally strong socioecological feedbacks.

美国(U.S. )沿海平原受到海平面上升、土地下沉、更严重的沿海风暴和更严重的干旱的影响。这些变化导致海洋盐分进入依赖淡水的沿海系统,造成盐水入侵。在美国大部分农村地区,地下水的抽取和高密度的农用运河和沟渠加剧了盐分向沿海内部的渗透。盐水入侵和海平面上升(SWISLR)共同给沿海平原的社会生态系统带来了巨大的变化。许多学者和实践者都在研究和管理 SWISLR 对社会、经济和生态系统的影响。然而,尽管人们普遍希望了解这一共同的威胁,但大多数努力都是局部的和互不关联的。除了美国外沿海平原海平面上升速度不一之外,地貌环境、水资源基础设施和管理以及极端气候的差异也导致了不同的盐水入侵模式。了解这种快速环境变化的绝对规模及其时空变化的原因和后果,为建立新的机理模型提供了机会,从而将定向气候变化与时空动态的社会环境影响联系起来。不同的变化轨迹提供了丰富的机会来检验和完善具有异常强大的社会生态反馈作用的系统中生态系统状态变化的现代理论。
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引用次数: 0
Increased black carbon (soot) accumulation during the Anthropocene in a less-developed region of Xinjiang, northwestern China 中国西北部新疆欠发达地区 "人类世 "时期黑碳(烟尘)累积量的增加
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100425
Dewen Lei , Yongming Han , Changlin Zhan , Chong Wei , Yalan Tang , Meiling Guo , Jianing Zhang , Jingyu Li

Records of environmental changes at regional or continental scales in less-developed regions may aid clarification of the onset of the Anthropocene. A sediment core was collected from Bosten Lake in Xinjiang Province, northwestern China, to investigate historical variations of combustion indicators of black carbon (BC), char and soot and to reflect human influences over the past 150 years. Results show that a rapid increase in soot fluxes (over 1.5 times on average) happened after 1950, consistent with the Great Acceleration period as well as establishment of the People's Republic of China, following a rapidly developing economy. Soot flux peaked around the 1960, coincident with wasteland reclamation in Xinjiang Province, decreasing after the year 2000 owing to environmental protection requirements such as desulfurization. Average char/soot ratios before and after 1950 were 0.56 and 0.37, respectively, such low ratios suggest a predominant contribution of soot from long-range transport, while the industrialization in China since the 1950 s may have caused further reduction in the ratios. Sedimentary soot deposition flux in less-developed areas thus recorded key anthropogenic activities occurring in China and supports the onset of the Anthropocene in the mid-20th century, as proposed by the Anthropocene Working Group.

欠发达地区区域或大陆尺度的环境变化记录可能有助于澄清人类世的开始。研究人员从中国西北部新疆省博斯腾湖采集了沉积物岩芯,以研究黑碳(BC)、焦炭和烟尘等燃烧指标的历史变化,并反映过去 150 年人类活动的影响。结果表明,1950 年以后,随着经济的快速发展,烟尘通量迅速增加(平均超过 1.5 倍),这与大加速时期以及中华人民共和国成立相一致。烟尘通量在 1960 年前后达到顶峰,与新疆省的荒地开垦相吻合,2000 年后由于脱硫等环保要求而下降。1950 年之前和之后的平均炭/烟尘比分别为 0.56 和 0.37,如此低的比率表明烟尘主要来自长程飘移,而 1950 年代以来中国的工业化可能导致炭/烟尘比进一步降低。因此,欠发达地区的沉积烟尘沉积通量记录了中国发生的主要人类活动,并支持人类世工作组提出的人类世在 20 世纪中期开始的观点。
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引用次数: 0
Sedimentary records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides to reconstruct anthropogenic activities in Lake Issyk-Kul region (Kyrgyzstan), and their effects on the lake environment 通过多环芳烃和有机氯农药的沉积记录重建伊塞克湖地区(吉尔吉斯斯坦)的人类活动及其对湖泊环境的影响
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100426
Qianyu Li , Guo Ru , Jinglu Wu , Miao Jin

Vertical distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in a sediment core from Lake Issyk-Kul are powerful tools for reconstructing historical anthropogenic activities over the past 350 years. Four periods were identified according to the variations in these environmental proxies. Period Ⅰ (1670s–1800s) corresponds to a phase of limited anthropogenic activity reflected by the lowest ΣPAH16 concentrations, mainly from biomass combustion and petrogenic processes. Along with pronounced deforestation due to wildfires documented in the pollen record, a similar decrease in PAHs suggests that PAHs were most likely generated by natural sources around Lake Issyk-Kul during this period. Period Ⅱ (1800s–1930s) reflects increasing agricultural activities with fluctuations in various PAH concentrations. Anthropogenic biomass-derived PAH inputs from agricultural activities gradually replaced natural inputs to Lake Issyk-Kul, coinciding with several historical events. However, natural factors still mainly controlled changing lake levels before the 1930s. Period Ⅲ (1930s–1970s) corresponds to rapid development of agricultural activities, inferred by slight increases in ΣPAH16 concentrations dominated by coal-derived PAHs and a considerable increase in ΣOCP18 concentrations. Concentrated agricultural activities around Lake Issyk-Kul significantly influenced environmental changes in grain size and water level in the lake. Period Ⅳ (post-1970 s) corresponds to intensive industrial and urban activities, including a 10-year economic depression (1990s–2000s), characterized by the highest ΣPAH16 concentrations mainly from petroleum combustion followed by a sharp drop after the 1990s as the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Industrialization and urbanization in study area have changed the trophic state of Lake Issyk-Kul, particularly in recent years. Climate change has also induced “lateral remobilization” of contaminants, increasing pollution levels in this mountain lake.

伊塞克湖沉积物岩芯中多环芳烃(PAHs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)的垂直分布是重建过去 350 年历史人为活动的有力工具。根据这些环境代用指标的变化,确定了四个时期。第Ⅰ期(1670 年代至 1800 年代)对应的是人类活动有限的阶段,ΣPAH16 浓度最低,主要来自生物质燃烧和石油成岩过程。根据花粉记录,由于野火导致的森林砍伐非常明显,PAHs 的类似减少表明,这一时期伊塞克湖周围的 PAHs 很可能是由自然来源产生的。第Ⅱ期(19 世纪-20 世纪 30 年代)反映了农业活动的增加以及各种 PAH 浓度的波动。农业活动产生的人为生物质多环芳烃输入逐渐取代了伊塞克湖的自然输入,这与几个历史事件相吻合。然而,在 20 世纪 30 年代之前,自然因素仍是控制湖泊水位变化的主要因素。第Ⅲ期(20 世纪 30 年代至 70 年代)与农业活动的快速发展相吻合,这可以从以煤源性多环芳烃为主的 ΣPAH16 浓度的轻微上升和 ΣOCP18 浓度的大幅上升推断出来。伊塞克湖周围集中的农业活动极大地影响了湖中颗粒大小和水位的环境变化。第Ⅳ期(1970 年代后)对应的是密集的工业和城市活动,包括 10 年的经济萧条期(1990 年代至 2000 年代),其特点是ΣPAH16 浓度最高,主要来自石油燃烧,1990 年代后随着苏联解体而急剧下降。研究区域的工业化和城市化改变了伊塞克湖的营养状态,尤其是近年来。气候变化也导致了污染物的 "横向再移动",增加了这个高山湖泊的污染程度。
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引用次数: 0
Conservation from the bottom up: A forestry case study 自下而上的保护:林业案例研究
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100423
Thomas H. DeLuca , Jeff A. Hatten

There is currently great interest in increasing the total land area in ‘conservation’ by the year 2030 to stabilize biodiversity and reduce net carbon emissions to combat climate change; however, there remains a lack of clarity on what actually constitutes ‘conservation.’ Land placed into permanent protection from resource utilization falls under the category of land preservation (e.g. National Parks) where land ‘conservation’ can include resource utilization to meet human resource needs. Land ‘preservation’ is an effective means of protecting habitat, but isolation of preserved parcels can limit their effectiveness. The trade-off between land preservation and conservation requires that we consider land use strategies in a global context and as complementary of one another. Most assessments for increasing land conservation are based on vegetative and wildlife inventory, where far fewer assessments are based on soils or belowground accounting. Herein, we present a soil based perspective that could be useful in evaluating the capacity for different land management strategies to meet broader conservation goals, including 30 by 30 and provide a focus on forest management to demonstrate our approach. Our soils-based assessment of different land-use practices suggests that land management practices that cause minimal soil disturbance, generate minimal bare soil, and exhibit a dominance of native species would be effective at achieving meaningful land conservation benefits while continuing to meet human resource needs. Incentivizing conservation oriented land management practices could dramatically accelerate our ability to achieve large scale conservation objectives such as 30 by 30.

目前,人们对在 2030 年之前增加 "保护 "的土地总面积以稳定生物多样性和减少碳净排放以应对气候变化非常感兴趣;但是,对于什么是真正的 "保护 "仍然缺乏明确的认识。被永久保护以避免资源利用的土地属于土地保护范畴(如国家公园),而土地 "保护 "可包括为满足人力资源需求而进行的资源利用。土地'保护'是保护栖息地的有效手段,但被保护地块的隔离会限制其有效性。土地保护与保育之间的权衡要求我们在全球背景下考虑土地利用战略,并将其视为相互补充的战略。大多数加强土地保护的评估都是基于植被和野生动物清单,而基于土壤或地下核算的评估要少得多。在此,我们提出了一种基于土壤的视角,可用于评估不同土地管理策略实现更广泛保护目标(包括 "30 by 30")的能力,并以森林管理为重点展示我们的方法。我们以土壤为基础对不同的土地使用方法进行的评估表明,对土壤造成最小干扰、产生最少裸露土壤并以本地物种为主的土地管理方法将有效实现有意义的土地保护效益,同时继续满足人力资源需求。激励以保护为导向的土地管理方法可以大大加快我们实现大规模保护目标的能力,如 "30 by 30"。
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引用次数: 0
Recent increase in sediment dry matter, carbon, and phosphorus accumulation in small boreal lakes with clayey catchments 粘土集水区北方小湖泊沉积物干物质、碳和磷积累的近期增加
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100421
J. Mäkinen , M. Tammelin , T. Kauppila

This study estimated the mass accumulation rates of sediment (MAR), carbon (CMAR), and phosphorus (PMAR) in small Finnish lakes with agricultural clayey catchments over a 25-year period (1986–2011) and compared these with the conditions before major agricultural land use. Twenty-two lakes were cored for recent and reference (pre-disturbance) sediments. The recent sediment section was selected based on the 1986 137Cs fallout peak (TOP), whereas the pre-disturbance section (REF) was selected immediately below the first signs of human-induced erosion. The 50-cm reference section was dated with 14C at both ends. The mass accumulation rates were estimated based on dating, weighing, and chemical analysis for both sediment sections. Furthermore, sediment-penetrating echo soundings were used to estimate the amount of sediment in the whole lake basins. These data were used to examine area-specific loading from clay-rich catchments. The average whole-basin pre-disturbance MAR, PMAR, and CMAR were 62 g m−2 a−1, 0.06 g m−2 a−1, and 4.7 g m−2 a−1, respectively. The corresponding recent rates were 11, 13, and 8-fold (693 g m−2 a−1, 0.79 g m−2 a−1, and 37 g m−2 a−1). In the recent conditions, sediments were generally more minerogenic and MAR, PMAR, and CMAR were higher in lakes with more arable fields in their catchments. Average area-specific suspended sediment load from the catchment for the region (∼39% clayey soils) was approximately 69–137 kg ha−1 a−1 in the undisturbed state and 767–1534 kg ha−1 a−1 in recent conditions based on 100–50% retention. The results demonstrate that the increases in sediment, nutrient, and organic matter accumulation due to agriculture can be several fold over undisturbed state.

本研究估算了25年间(1986-2011年)芬兰小型湖泊农业粘土集水区沉积物(MAR)、碳(CMAR)和磷(PMAR)的质量积累率,并将其与主要农业用地利用前的条件进行了比较。对22个湖泊进行了近期和参考(扰动前)沉积物取样。根据1986年137Cs沉降峰(TOP)选取了近期沉积物剖面,而扰动前剖面(REF)选取了人类侵蚀首次迹象的正下方。50厘米参考剖面两端用14C测定年代。质量积累速率是根据对两个沉积物剖面的测年、称重和化学分析来估计的。此外,还利用透沙回声测深技术估算了整个湖盆的沉积物量。这些数据被用于检查富粘土集水区的特定区域负载。扰动前全流域平均MAR、PMAR和CMAR分别为62 g m−2 a−1、0.06 g m−2 a−1和4.7 g m−2 a−1。相应的近期速率分别是693 g m−2 a−1、0.79 g m−2 a−1和37 g m−2 a−1的11倍、13倍和8倍。在最近的条件下,沉积物的成矿性普遍较强,并且在其集水区耕地较多的湖泊中,MAR、PMAR和CMAR较高。在未受干扰的状态下,该地区(~ 39%的粘性土壤)的流域平均区域特定悬浮泥沙负荷约为69-137 kg ha - 1 a- 1,而在最近的条件下,基于100-50%的保留率,平均悬浮泥沙负荷约为767-1534 kg ha - 1 a- 1。结果表明,由于农业的影响,沉积物、养分和有机质积累的增加可能是未受干扰状态的几倍。
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引用次数: 0
Linking prescribed fire, nutrient deposition and cyanobacteria dominance through pyroeutrophication in a subtropical lake ecosystem from the mid Holocene to present 全新世中期至今亚热带湖泊生态系统热富营养化过程中明火、营养物沉积和蓝藻优势的关联
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100420
Matthew N. Waters , Joseph M. Smoak , Richard S. Vachula

Prescribed fire (Rx-fire) is a common management tool for many forested ecosystems and promotes tree and forest soil health. Although burned materials from Rx-fire areas can enter adjacent aquatic environments, very few studies have focused on the water quality impacts of increased nutrients on aquatic primary producer communities. Here, we applied paleolimnological techniques on a 170-cm sediment core collected from Ditch Pond, AL, USA, a subtropical lake system located in the Conecuh National Forest where Rx-fire has been the primary management tool for ∼90 years. Macroscopic charcoal, nutrients (C, N, P) and photosynthetic pigments were measured throughout the core which spans from the middle Holocene until modern day. Our research questions were: 1) What were the sedimentary nutrient and stoichiometric changes associated with the Rx-Fire period beginning in 1937 CE? and 2) Did these nutrient changes alter historic algae/cyanobacteria groups? Following the onset of Rx-fire, nutrients (C, N, P) increased in deposition in the lake with P showing the greatest proportional increase at over 300%, suggesting that P inputs from Rx-fire are a primary artifact of burning. Photosynthetic pigments showed that increases in nutrients from Rx-fire caused extensive increases in total primary producer abundance and cyanobacteria dominance, called pyroeutrophication. These data suggest a greater need to understand the implications of fire-associated nutrients on aquatic primary producers wherever fire (but especially Rx-fire) is occurring, as well as an increase in collaboration between forest and aquatic ecosystem managers.

规定火(Rx-fire)是许多森林生态系统的常用管理工具,可促进树木和森林土壤健康。虽然来自rx火区的燃烧物质可以进入邻近的水生环境,但很少有研究关注营养增加对水生初级生产者群落的水质影响。在这里,我们应用了古湖泊学技术对从美国AL的Ditch Pond收集的170 cm沉积物岩芯进行了研究,该岩芯是位于Conecuh国家森林的亚热带湖泊系统,Rx-fire作为主要管理工具已经有90年了。宏观木炭,营养物质(C, N, P)和光合色素在整个岩心中进行了测量,从全新世中期到现代。我们的研究问题是:1)与1937年开始的Rx-Fire期相关的沉积营养和化学计量学变化是什么?2)这些营养变化是否改变了历史上的藻类/蓝藻群?Rx-fire发生后,湖泊沉积物中的营养物质(C、N、P)增加,其中P的增加比例最大,超过300%,表明Rx-fire的P输入是燃烧的主要人工产物。光合色素表明,Rx-fire带来的营养物质的增加导致初级生产者总丰度和蓝藻优势度的广泛增加,称为热富营养化。这些数据表明,更需要了解与火有关的营养物质对发生火灾(特别是火灾)的水生初级生产者的影响,以及加强森林和水生生态系统管理人员之间的合作。
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引用次数: 0
Divergent glacier area and elevation changes across the Tibetan Plateau in the early 21st century 21世纪初青藏高原不同冰川面积与高程变化
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100419
Can Zhang , Weijie Ran , Shiming Fang , Shougeng Hu , Michael Beckmann , Martin Volk

With accelerated warming, mountain glaciers in most parts of the world have been in a state of continuous retreat in recent decades. Assessing glacier change and analyzing its influencing factors are essential for developing climate change mitigation and adaptation measures for a given region. This study provides a spatially explicit assessment and quantification of glacier changes in the early 21st century on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) at individual glacier and basin scales. We established a one-to-one correspondence between the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory (CGI-2, collected from 2004 to 2011) and a dataset of glacier inventory in Western China during 2017–2018 (CGI-2018). The majority of TP’s glaciers decreased in size with a mean area retreat rate during the investigated period of 4.1%/decade. In addition, a mean change of the median elevation of the glaciers of 6.7 m/decade was detected. Approximately 2.5% of the total number of glaciers mapped in CGI-2 disappeared, while 681 of them divided to 1758 glaciers as they retreated. The observed variations follow local trends and have different regional characteristics. Generally, the glaciers with the lowest retreat rates are found in the Karakorum and Kunlun Mountains, while those with high retreat rates are concentrated along the Gangdis and Tangula ranges. The observed changes in glaciers are mainly attributed to a significant increase in temperature. Other factors including glacier size, debris cover, orientation and mean elevation also contribute to the heterogeneity of glacier variability. This study provides for the first time a detailed spatially explicit analysis of the glacial changes on the TP in the early 21st century, substantially improving the understanding of glacier response patterns and supporting more sustainable utilization of regional water resources in the TP in the context of climate warming in the 21st century.

随着气候变暖的加速,近几十年来,世界大部分地区的山地冰川一直处于不断退缩的状态。评估冰川变化并分析其影响因素对于制定特定区域的气候变化减缓和适应措施至关重要。本研究提供了21世纪初青藏高原冰川变化在单个冰川和流域尺度上的空间明确评价和量化。我们建立了2004 - 2011年中国第二次冰川清查(CGI-2)与2017-2018年中国西部冰川清查数据集(CGI-2018)之间的一一对应关系。在调查期间,青藏高原大部分冰川规模减小,平均面积退缩率为4.1%/ 10年。此外,冰川中位高程平均变化6.7 m/ a。在CGI-2中绘制的冰川总数中,约有2.5%消失了,其中681个冰川随着退缩而分裂为1758个冰川。观测到的变化符合局部趋势,并具有不同的区域特征。总体而言,退缩率最低的冰川分布在喀喇昆仑山和昆仑山,而退缩率最高的冰川则集中在甘底斯山脉和坦古拉山脉。观测到的冰川变化主要归因于温度的显著升高。其他因素包括冰川大小、碎屑覆盖、方向和平均海拔也有助于冰川变率的异质性。本研究首次对21世纪初青藏高原冰川变化进行了详细的空间分析,为21世纪气候变暖背景下青藏高原区域水资源的可持续利用提供了理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to: “Hidden levees: Small-scale flood defense on rural coasts” [Anthropocene 40, 100350] “隐藏的堤坝:农村海岸的小规模洪水防御”的勘误表[Anthropocene 40,100350]
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100384
Emily A. Hall , Grace D. Molino , Tyler C. Messerschmidt , Matthew L. Kirwan
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引用次数: 0
Nature-based solutions for leveed river corridors 以自然为基础的河流廊道解决方案
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100417
Matthew L. Chambers , Charles B. van Rees , Brian P. Bledsoe , David Crane , Susana Ferreira , Damon M. Hall , Rod W. Lammers , Craig E. Landry , Donald R. Nelson , Matt Shudtz , Burton C. Suedel

The conceptual framework for nature-based solutions (NbS) is well developed, however realizing the potential of NbS at scale and in widespread professional practice in infrastructure systems depends on overcoming operational challenges rooted in the historical policies and engineering practices of the action agencies capable of implementation. In this article, we explore levee setbacks as a NbS for improving the sustainability of leveed river corridors within the context of the United States (US) and its primary action agency of flood risk management, the Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). By identifying the social and environmental consequences of historical levee management and linking these consequences with historical policies and engineering practices, we highlight knowledge gaps, challenges and opportunities for progress with NbS. We also briefly discuss USACE’s decision-making processes for infrastructure investments and the valuation of ecosystem services as it pertains to operationalizing setbacks in practice. We then develop a case study of a recent setback on the Missouri River to showcase how USACE overcame implementation challenges. Lessons from past levee corridor management in the US, and USACE’s current corrective actions, may help foster understanding of how to overcome operational challenges in the implementation of setbacks in other social and political contexts.

基于自然的解决方案(NbS)的概念框架已经得到了很好的发展,然而,在基础设施系统的大规模和广泛的专业实践中实现NbS的潜力,取决于克服植根于历史政策和有能力实施的行动机构的工程实践的运营挑战。在本文中,我们以美国及其洪水风险管理的主要行动机构——陆军工程兵团(USACE)为背景,探讨堤防退坡作为一种NbS,以提高堤防河流走廊的可持续性。通过识别历史堤坝管理的社会和环境后果,并将这些后果与历史政策和工程实践联系起来,我们强调了与NbS合作的知识差距、挑战和机遇。我们还简要讨论了USACE在基础设施投资和生态系统服务评估方面的决策过程,因为它与实践中的操作挫折有关。然后,我们对密苏里河上最近的一次挫折进行了案例研究,以展示USACE如何克服实施挑战。从美国过去堤坝走廊管理的经验教训,以及USACE目前的纠正措施,可能有助于促进对如何克服在其他社会和政治背景下实施挫折的操作挑战的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Analysis of Historical Human and Biogeomorphic Interactions in Large River-floodplain Systems Under Different Climate Contexts 不同气候背景下大型河流-河漫滩系统历史人类与生物地貌相互作用的比较分析
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100418
María Díaz-Redondo , Khosro Fazelpoor , Vanesa Martínez-Fernández

Worldwide, trajectories of deterioration of large rivers’ natural structure and functioning have been described and related to anthropogenic pressures acting at different spatio-temporal scales. However, the variety of methodologies, time-scale resolutions and the lack of standard indicators frequently hinder the comparison of outcomes among rivers in different geographic and climatic regions. Covering between 204 and 36 years, this study applied the same multi-temporal analysis of riverine trajectories (i.e., anthropization, changeless, progression, and regression) in five large river segments within temperate (Rhine River, France and Germany), Mediterranean (Ebro and Tagus Rivers, Spain), and semi-arid climates (Aras and the Zayandeh-rud Rivers, Iran). This transferable GIS-based method includes the assessment of historical balances within natural dynamics (Natural Trajectory Index, NTI), the degree of anthropization (Anthropization Ratio, AR), and the degree of stability (Stability Ratio, SR) in the studied river-floodplain systems.

Results show similarities among the European case studies (i.e., Rhine, Ebro and Tagus rivers) in response to hydromorphological impacts, with percentage increases in human-induced changes (i.e., anthropization), and habitat development (i.e., progression). Apart from the Zayandeh-rud River, that presents a marked tendency toward progression, processes of habitat rejuvenation (i.e., regression) have almost disappeared in all case studies, and riverine forms remain unchanged. The differences found between the European and the Asian case studies are considered related to the aims and methods of engineering choices for historical river management, with a long history of river reprofiling and impounding in European rivers, while Iranian regulation is relatively recent, and involves extensive inter-basin water transfers.

在世界范围内,人们已经描述了大河自然结构和功能恶化的轨迹,并将其与不同时空尺度上的人为压力联系起来。然而,各种方法、时间尺度决议和缺乏标准指标往往阻碍了不同地理和气候区域河流之间结果的比较。在204年至36年间,本研究对温带(莱茵河,法国和德国)、地中海(埃布罗河和塔霍河,西班牙)和半干旱气候(阿拉斯河和扎亚德鲁德河,伊朗)的五大河流段的河流轨迹(即人类化、不变、前进和回归)进行了相同的多时间分析。这种可转移的基于gis的方法包括评估所研究的河流-洪泛平原系统中自然动力学中的历史平衡(自然轨迹指数,NTI)、人类化程度(人类化比率,AR)和稳定程度(稳定比率,SR)。结果表明,欧洲案例研究(即莱茵河、埃布罗河和塔古斯河)对水文形态影响的响应相似,人类引起的变化(即人类化)和生境发展(即进展)的百分比增加。除了Zayandeh-rud河呈现出明显的发展趋势外,在所有案例研究中,栖息地恢复(即回归)的过程几乎都消失了,河流形态保持不变。欧洲和亚洲案例研究之间的差异被认为与历史河流管理的工程选择的目标和方法有关,欧洲河流的河流重新规划和蓄水历史悠久,而伊朗的管理相对较新,涉及广泛的流域间调水。
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