Anthropocene最新文献_第7页

Sedimentary indicators of anthropogenic impact in Fildes Peninsula lakes (King George Island, Maritime Antarctica) 南极海域乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛湖泊人为影响的沉积指标

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100465

Florencia Bertoglio , Claudia Piccini , Santiago Giralt , Roberto Urrutia , Dermot Antoniades

Fildes Peninsula, on King George Island, is among the Antarctic sites with the most intense human activity and is located in a region strongly influenced by global warming. While alterations to its once pristine environments have been noted, there is a lack of data concerning the region’s natural state before the increased human presence (∼1968). We studied seven lakes from Fildes Peninsula to assess anthropogenic effects on their ecological processes by studying pre- and post-anthropic sediments with a top-bottom approach. We examined differences in bacterial and phytoplankton communities using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) pigments and analysis of sediment metals. We observed lake-specific differences in bacterial communities between pre- and post-anthropic samples. Using indicator species analysis, we identified bacteria associated with polluted environments (e.g., KD4–96, Bacteroidetes vadinHA17, Hungateiclostridiaceae and Leptolinea) in post-anthropic sediments from two lakes that showed notable increases of metals. As both lakes are very close to roads and airport infrastructure, these associations may imply the greater recent presence of compounds including petroleum derivatives. Results indicated good preservation of bacterial DNA, but also that diagenetic processes may have affected pigment concentrations. Our data suggest that bacterial DNA may be used as a sedimentary proxy to reconstruct environmental changes including anthropogenic impacts in Antarctic lakes.

位于乔治国王岛上的菲尔德斯半岛是南极人类活动最激烈的地点之一，位于受全球变暖影响强烈的地区。虽然已经注意到其曾经原始环境的变化，但缺乏有关人类增加之前该地区自然状态的数据（~ 1968）。本文以菲尔德斯半岛的7个湖泊为研究对象，采用自上而下的方法研究了人类活动前和人类活动后的沉积物，以评估人类活动对湖泊生态过程的影响。我们利用16S rRNA元条形码、高效液相色谱（HPLC）色素和沉积物金属分析来研究细菌和浮游植物群落的差异。我们观察到人类活动前和人类活动后样本中细菌群落的湖泊特异性差异。通过指示种分析，我们在两个湖泊的后人类活动沉积物中发现了与污染环境相关的细菌（如KD4-96， Bacteroidetes vadinHA17， Hungateiclostridiaceae和Leptolinea），金属含量显著增加。由于这两个湖都非常靠近道路和机场基础设施，这些关联可能意味着包括石油衍生物在内的化合物最近更大的存在。结果表明细菌DNA保存良好，但成岩过程可能影响了色素浓度。我们的数据表明，细菌DNA可以作为沉积代用物来重建环境变化，包括南极湖泊的人为影响。

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引用次数: 0

Adapting to a shifting planet: The future of Drosera species amidst global challenges and conservation imperatives 适应一个不断变化的星球：在全球挑战和保护的必要性中，Drosera物种的未来

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100466

Ulises Olivares-Pinto , Julio Cesar Santiago Lopes , Criseida Ruiz-Aguilar , Yumi Oki , Geraldo Wilson Fernandes

This study assesses the potential effects of climate change on the distribution of the Drosera genus, which is a carnivorous plant group widely distributed in South America. The Drosera species act as adequate biological indicators, with their fitness performance reflecting the health of ecosystems. Through the application of species distribution models and the analysis of bioclimatic variables, the adaptability of 39 Drosera species to evolving climatic conditions was assessed, revealing their capacity to thrive in diverse habitats, from nutrient-deficient soils to regions with high atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. While many species show adaptability, environmental forecasts using two General Circulation Models indicate a decrease in favorable habitats by 2050 and 2070. It is expected that about 71.79 % of species will encounter shrinking habitat suitability, while 28.21 % may see an increase in habitat suitability. This anticipated habitat loss underscores the critical need for proactive conservation measures, including habitat preservation, ecological restoration, assisted migration, and genetic conservation efforts, to counteract the adverse effects of climate change. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of refining species distribution models and deepening our understanding of the ecological dynamics of Drosera species in response to environmental changes. By offering insights into the challenges and opportunities for conserving Drosera species in a changing climate, this work lays a solid groundwork for future ecological research and conservation initiatives. It calls for an integrated approach that combines scientific inquiry with strategic conservation actions to ensure the survival of these unique plant group and ecological integrity during global environmental shifts.

本研究评估了气候变化对广泛分布于南美洲的肉食性植物群Drosera属分布的潜在影响。Drosera物种作为足够的生物指标，其适应度表现反映了生态系统的健康状况。通过应用物种分布模型和生物气候变量分析，评估了39种Drosera物种对不断变化的气候条件的适应性，揭示了它们在不同栖息地（从营养缺乏的土壤到大气中二氧化碳浓度高的地区）茁壮成长的能力。虽然许多物种表现出适应性，但使用两种环流模式的环境预测表明，到2050年和2070年，有利栖息地将减少。预计71.79 %的物种会出现生境适宜性下降，28.21 %的物种会出现生境适宜性上升。这种预期的栖息地丧失强调了积极保护措施的迫切需要，包括栖息地保护、生态恢复、辅助迁徙和遗传保护工作，以抵消气候变化的不利影响。此外，该研究强调了完善物种分布模型和加深我们对Drosera物种响应环境变化的生态动力学的理解的重要性。通过深入了解在气候变化中保护Drosera物种的挑战和机遇，这项工作为未来的生态研究和保护倡议奠定了坚实的基础。它呼吁采取一种综合的方法，将科学调查与战略保护行动相结合，以确保这些独特的植物群在全球环境变化期间的生存和生态完整性。

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引用次数: 0

Lead legacy of pre-industrial activities in lake sediments: The case study of the Lake Accesa (Southern Tuscany, Italy) 湖泊沉积物中工业化前活动的铅遗产：阿accesa湖（意大利托斯卡纳南部）的案例研究

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100464

Francesca Pasquetti , Giovanni Zanchetta , Benoit Caron , Julie Noel , Riccardo Avanzinelli , Boris Vannière , Marc Desmet , Michel Magny , Bernd Wagner , Luisa Dallai , Paolo Fulignati , Monica Bini , Ilaria Baneschi

In recent decades, interest has grown in understanding how pre-industrial activities have contributed to trace metals pollution into the environment at the local and regional scales. Southern Tuscany hosts some of the most important metallogenic provinces in Italy exploited for almost the last three millennia. Studying the history of trace metals pollution in this area offers insights into the temporal and spatial scope of human-environment interactions, evaluates the severity of pollution, and can trace the local natural background values. To explore these aspects, trace metals, major elements, and lead (Pb) isotope ratios were analyzed in an 8000-year sediment records from Lake Accesa, a karst lake located on the southern border of the Colline Metallifere mining district. The findings indicate that Pb in Lake Accesa is mainly related to sulfide polymetallic deposits that surround the lake catchment. The first signal of Pb pollution dates to about 3300 BCE (Before Common Era) during the Copper Age and it is consistent with the archaeological evidence of Southern Tuscany. Additional human-induced Pb pollution signals can be observed in the Bronze Age (∼1550 BCE), and a long phase beginning in the Middle Ages (from ∼700 CE[Common Era]). Between 1000 and 1700 CE, Pb reached the highest concentrations, corroborating the intensity of mining activity during and after the Medieval period. These findings reveal that pre-industrial activities left a significant legacy of potential toxic elements in the environment, resulting in pollution levels that exceed those related to recent activities associated with the Anthropocene. The Lake Accesa record further indicates that mining of sulfide deposits in the Etruscan period was minimal and even completely negligible during Roman times, probably due to the exploitation of other ore deposits.

近几十年来，人们越来越有兴趣了解工业化前的活动如何在地方和区域尺度上导致微量金属污染进入环境。托斯卡纳南部拥有意大利一些最重要的成矿省份，在过去的近三千年里一直被开采。研究该地区微量金属污染的历史，可以洞察人与环境相互作用的时空范围，评估污染的严重程度，并可以追踪当地的自然背景值。为了探索这些方面，我们分析了位于Colline Metallifere矿区南部边界的喀斯特湖泊Accesa的8000年沉积物记录中的痕量金属、主元素和铅（Pb）同位素比率。结果表明，阿达达湖的铅主要与湖区周围的硫化物多金属矿床有关。铅污染的第一个信号可以追溯到大约公元前3300年的铜器时代，这与南托斯卡纳的考古证据是一致的。在青铜时代（约公元前1550年）和中世纪（约公元前700年）开始的一段很长的时期，可以观察到其他人为引起的铅污染信号。在公元1000年至1700年之间，铅达到了最高浓度，证实了中世纪时期和之后采矿活动的强度。这些发现表明，工业化前的活动在环境中留下了潜在有毒元素的重要遗产，导致污染水平超过了与人类世相关的近期活动。阿卡塔湖的记录进一步表明，在伊特鲁里亚时期，硫化物矿床的开采很少，甚至在罗马时代完全可以忽略不计，这可能是由于其他矿床的开采。

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引用次数: 0

Potential for redistribution of DwH-impacted bottom sediments to down-slope depocenters: Eastern Gulf of Mexico 受dwh影响的底部沉积物向下坡沉积物中心重新分布的可能性：墨西哥湾东部

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100459

G.R. Brooks , R.A. Larson , P.T. Schwing , I.C. Romero , S.H. Bosman , J.C. Chanton , A.R. Diercks

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DwH) oil spill was responsible for dispersing an estimated 4.9 million barrels of oil into the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Much was transported rapidly to the seafloor during a sediment pulse, but the ultimate fate of the oiled sediments remains unknown. This study investigates the potential for bottom sediments within the initial DwH impact zone to be mobilized and redeposited in down-slope depocenters. Sediment cores were collected from 31 sites up to 250 km down-slope (SE) of the initial seafloor impact zone to search for evidence of sediment redistribution, and whether the sediment source area(s) included the initial impact zone. Twenty-seven of the 31sites contained sedimentary structures indicative of sediment redistribution, primarily by low density turbidity currents. Other evidence of sediment redistribution includes elevated benthic foraminiferal fracture percentage, rapid and pulsed accumulation rates and the paucity of extensive pelagic deposition. Sediments consist dominantly of siliciclastic muds, with subordinate carbonate sandy muds. The most likely source for siliciclastic muds is the Mississippi River Delta and adjacent continental margin as it is immediately up-slope from the study area. This area includes the DwH seafloor impact zone. DwH oil residues were detected in sediments deposited at different times (post 2010), at 13 core sites, up to 96 km SE of the impact zone, which is consistent with multiple redistribution episodes capable of transporting oiled sediments long distances. Results of this study are not only important for developing mitigation strategies for future contaminant spills, but as sediment redistribution processes can be quite destructive, information regarding process type and frequency can be vital for planning future activities on the sea floor.

2010年深水地平线（DwH）漏油事件导致大约490万桶石油泄漏到墨西哥湾东北部。在沉积物脉动的过程中，许多被迅速输送到海底，但受石油污染的沉积物的最终命运仍然未知。本研究探讨了初始DwH冲击区内的底部沉积物在下坡沉积物中心被动员和再沉积的可能性。在初始海底撞击区250 km下坡范围内的31个地点采集了沉积物岩心，以寻找沉积物再分布的证据，以及沉积物源区是否包括初始撞击区。31个地点中有27个含有沉积物再分布的沉积构造，主要是由低密度浊度流引起的。沉积物再分布的其他证据包括底栖有孔虫断裂百分比升高，快速和脉冲积累速率以及广泛的远洋沉积的缺乏。沉积物以硅屑泥为主，次为碳酸盐砂质泥。最有可能的硅塑性泥浆来源是密西西比河三角洲和邻近的大陆边缘，因为它直接从研究区域向上倾斜。该区域包括DwH海底影响区。在冲击带东南96 km范围内的13个岩心地点，在不同时间（2010年后）沉积的沉积物中检测到DwH油残留物，这与能够长距离输送含油沉积物的多次再分布事件相一致。这项研究的结果不仅对制定未来污染物泄漏的缓解战略很重要，而且由于沉积物再分配过程可能具有相当大的破坏性，有关过程类型和频率的信息对于规划未来的海底活动至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Mining tailings severely impact plant communities in a rainforest watershed 采矿尾矿严重影响了雨林流域的植物群落

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100462

G. Wilson Fernandes , Letícia Ramos , Wénita de Souza Justino , Walisson Kenedy-Siqueira , João Carlos Gomes Figueiredo , Yumi Oki , Fernando Figueiredo Goulart , Rubens Manoel dos Santos , João Herbert Moreira Viana , Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes , Ramiro Aguilar , Lourens Poorter , Masha T. van der Sande , Daniel Negreiros

The collapse of a mining tailings dam in 2015 drastically affected a large area of an already threatened Atlantic Forest along the Rio Doce in Brazil. We evaluated the interactions between edaphic and floristic factors in impacted and reference sites to understand how the impact of the tailings affected the riparian plant communities along the river. The species richness of the adult and sapling strata was, respectively, 46.4 % and 61.5 % lower in the impacted sites relative to the reference sites. A similar pattern was observed for both species and phylogenetic diversity. We also recorded large changes in species composition in the adult and sapling strata in impacted sites relative to the reference sites along the river. These negative changes in the plant community were correlated with drastic increases in soil iron and phosphorus concentration, and fine sand proportion, and decreases in the proportion of carbon and coarse sand in the sites impacted by the mining tailings. We observed a close relationship between plant composition in both the adult and sapling strata with edaphic factors. The alterations in species composition triggered by the deposition of mining tailings may induce significant shifts in ecosystems, potentially prompting numerous tipping points throughout the river basin, as indicated by the different sapling species, some of which are invasive species of highly difficult eradication. These altered forests might suffer from impoverishment, dominated by a limited species set, some of which could expand its distribution upon neighboring, already threatened, regions. Such expansion could exacerbate the degradation of the Rio Doce watershed to a point of no return to the previous condition.

2015年，一座采矿尾矿坝的倒塌严重影响了巴西里约热内卢河沿岸一大片已经受到威胁的大西洋森林。通过对受影响地点和参考地点的土壤因子和植物区系因子的相互作用进行评价，了解尾砂对河流沿岸植物群落的影响。受影响样地成虫层和幼树层的物种丰富度分别比对照样地低46.4% %和61.5 %。在物种和系统发育多样性中也观察到类似的模式。我们还记录了受影响地点的成虫层和幼树层的物种组成与沿河参考地点的物种组成有很大的变化。这些植物群落的负向变化与受尾矿影响场地土壤铁、磷浓度和细砂比例的急剧上升、碳和粗砂比例的急剧下降有关。我们观察到成树和幼树层的植物组成与土壤因子有密切的关系。采矿尾矿沉积引起的物种组成变化可能引起生态系统的重大变化，可能在整个流域引发许多临界点，正如不同的树苗物种所表明的那样，其中一些是入侵物种，很难根除。这些被改变的森林可能会遭受贫瘠，由有限的物种群控制，其中一些可能会扩大其分布在邻近的，已经受到威胁的地区。这种扩张可能会加剧bbb100 Doce流域的退化，使其无法恢复到以前的状况。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of nutrient enrichment and climate change on historical changes of the cyanobacterial community in a shallow north temperate lake in China 养分富集和气候变化对北温带浅水湖泊蓝藻群落历史变化的影响

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100460

Danmin Li , Yujie Si , Xiaomeng Yan , Giri Kattel , Xianjiang Kang , Bo Liu

Quantitative ecological reconstructions in lakes can be potentially significant for providing long-term environmental records and the information generated would become invaluable source for comprehensive understanding of the effects of human disturbances and climate change on lake ecosystem. Our aim is to explore the drivers of historical changes of the cyanobacterial community in a shallow temperate freshwater system, Baiyangdian Lake Complex (BLC), in northern China. We used a multi-proxy approach (e.g., sedimentary DNA, subfossil diatom assemblages) to establish the historical changes of the cyanobacterial community in BLC over different stages as accurately as possible. At Stage 1 (∼1902–2012), the cyanobacterial co-occurrence network analysis revealed more complex interactions among different genera than at Stage 2 (∼2012–2021) in all three sampling sites. The reconstructed cyanobacterial community correlated well with changes of the sedimentary diatom species composition, geochemical indices and historically documented events in the watershed. The cyanobacterial abundance in two advanced hydrologically-connected sampling sites (Shaochedian, Caiputai) was mainly regulated by the dynamics of TP and TN, while the other relatively weak hydrologically-connected site (Zaozhadian) was regulated by precipitation. Therefore, a reduction in nutrient inputs is still the most prudent option to avoid risk of the outbreak of cyanobacterial blooms in BLC. Meanwhile, intact hydrological connectivity within the wetland complex is also essential to reduce pollution and cyanobacterial blooms through mixing and flushing. Although the fate of cyanobacterial blooms in BLC has been greatly reduced over the recent time, resource managers should not only adopt conventional approaches (e.g., nutrient control) but also incorporate a landscape scale limnological-based monitoring approaches to resolve the long-lasting cyanobacterial bloom problem induced by coupled human and climate change disturbances.

湖泊定量生态重建对于提供长期环境记录具有潜在的重要意义，所产生的信息将成为全面了解人类干扰和气候变化对湖泊生态系统影响的宝贵资源。本研究旨在探讨中国北方白洋淀浅温带淡水系统中蓝藻群落历史变化的驱动因素。我们使用多代理方法（如沉积DNA、亚化石硅藻组合）尽可能准确地建立了BLC中蓝藻群落在不同阶段的历史变化。在第一阶段（~ 1902-2012），蓝藻共生网络分析显示，在所有三个采样点，不同属之间的相互作用比第二阶段（~ 2012-2021）更复杂。重建的蓝藻群落与流域沉积硅藻种类组成、地球化学指标和历史记录事件的变化具有良好的相关性。两个水文连通程度较高的采样点（少车店、菜圃台）的蓝藻丰度主要受TP和TN的动态调控，而另一个水文连通程度较弱的采样点（枣寨店）的蓝藻丰度主要受降水的调控。因此，减少营养投入仍然是最谨慎的选择，以避免蓝藻华爆发的风险在BLC。同时，湿地综合体内完整的水文连通性对于通过混合和冲洗减少污染和蓝藻繁殖也至关重要。尽管蓝藻华的命运在最近一段时间内已经大大减少，资源管理者不仅应该采用传统的方法（如营养控制），还应该结合景观尺度的湖沼学监测方法来解决由人类和气候变化耦合干扰引起的长期蓝藻华问题。

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引用次数: 0

Human versus climate interactions on riverine flood characteristics in the largest Indian Peninsular basin 人类与气候相互作用对印度半岛最大流域河流洪水特征的影响

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100463

Shreejit Pandey , Somil Swarnkar , Vikas Poonia , Soumya Kundu , Meghomala Ghosal

Globally, over one in five people face 100-year flood risk, particularly in low-income regions. Flood risk is rising, especially in densely populated developing economies and areas with extreme meteorological conditions. Floods cause significant economic and health impacts, highlighting the urgent need for flood-resistant communities and preparedness. Policymakers must understand the regional and temporal distributions of flood risk to develop effective prevention and mitigation strategies. Human activities, such as dams and reservoir operations, have been shown to reduce flood intensity in many areas, though their impact varies by geography and purpose. This study investigates flood dynamics in the Godavari basin, the largest river basin in the Indian peninsula, significantly affected by large-scale dams and reservoirs. Using the Peaks Over Threshold (POT) method, generalized Pareto distribution (GPD), and CUSUM time series analysis, we analyzed flood characteristics such as peak, volume, and duration. Our results reveal that the east-central (Wainganga sub-basin) and eastern (Indravati and Sabari sub-basins) regions are major contributors to increased flood volume, peak, and duration in downstream areas. In contrast, the western and west-central Godavari regions, characterized by numerous dams, experience smaller flood volumes, peaks, and durations due to dam operations and moderate climatic conditions. However, undammed regions in the east-central and eastern Godavari, lacking flood control infrastructure and experiencing severe climatic conditions, face large-scale floods with high risk. These findings offer critical insights into regional flood characteristics and factors, supporting the development of effective flood management strategies for the Godavari basin.

在全球范围内，超过五分之一的人面临百年一遇的洪水风险，特别是在低收入地区。洪水风险正在上升，特别是在人口密集的发展中经济体和气象条件极端的地区。洪水造成重大的经济和健康影响，突出了抗洪社区和备灾的迫切需要。决策者必须了解洪水风险的区域和时间分布，以制定有效的预防和缓解战略。人类活动，如水坝和水库的运作，已经被证明在许多地区降低了洪水的强度，尽管它们的影响因地理和目的而异。本研究调查了印度半岛最大的河流流域哥达瓦里流域的洪水动态，该流域受到大型水坝和水库的显著影响。利用峰值超过阈值（POT）方法、广义帕累托分布（GPD）和CUSUM时间序列分析，分析了洪水的峰值、体积和持续时间等特征。研究结果表明，中东部（万甘加子流域）和东部（因德拉瓦蒂和萨巴里子流域）地区是下游地区洪水量、峰值和持续时间增加的主要贡献者。相比之下，哥达瓦里西部和中西部地区的特点是有许多水坝，由于水坝的运行和温和的气候条件，经历了较小的洪水量，峰值和持续时间。然而，哥达瓦里中东部和东部的无水坝地区缺乏防洪基础设施，气候条件恶劣，面临大规模洪水的高风险。这些发现为了解区域洪水特征和影响因素提供了重要见解，为哥达瓦里盆地制定有效的洪水管理策略提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Macroplastic colonization by macroinvertebrates in a Mediterranean wetland: A biodiversity enrichment opportunity 大型无脊椎动物在地中海湿地的大塑性定植：一个丰富生物多样性的机会

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100461

Davide Taurozzi , Giulia Cesarini , Massimiliano Scalici

Coastal wetlands are sensitive ecological systems that provide crucial ecosystem services, but often affected by anthropogenic pollutants. Plastics, in particular, represent a threat to the survival and fitness of many aquatic species. In fact, once plastics are released into freshwater environments, they can result in critical threats for fitness and survival of many aquatic organisms. Among these, macroinvertebrates represent a sensitive bioindicator for evaluating the environmental impacts of plastics. In this context, we investigated the colonization of virgin macroplastic substrates composed of two different polymers and located at two different depths in a protected wetland in Central Italy over a period of 10 months. The results show the tendency of macroinvertebrates to colonize plastic substrates artificially placed in water. Our findings highlight that macroinvertebrates mainly colonize polystyrene substrates over than polyethylene terephthalate ones. Moreover, floating substrates show a greater number of taxa found than dipped ones, highlighting that depth is also an important factor to discriminate the colonization of macroinvertebrates on plastic substrates. Furthermore, an ecologically diversified community emerged, in which there are mostly univoltine organisms, with dimensions between 5 and 20 mm, predators, choppers and scrapers that feed on plant organisms and animals. Consequently, plastic substrates might increase biodiversity in polluted waters by offering new surfaces for colonization. Overall, further studies are needed to determine whether the presence of plastic litter could also support the establishment of a macroinvertebrate community comprising taxa that exploit different ecological niches.

沿海湿地是敏感的生态系统，提供重要的生态系统服务，但经常受到人为污染物的影响。特别是塑料，对许多水生物种的生存和健康构成了威胁。事实上，一旦塑料被释放到淡水环境中，它们会对许多水生生物的健康和生存造成严重威胁。其中，大型无脊椎动物是评估塑料对环境影响的敏感生物指标。在此背景下，我们研究了由两种不同聚合物组成的原生宏塑性基质在意大利中部一个受保护湿地的两个不同深度的定植，为期10个月。结果表明，大型无脊椎动物倾向于在人工放置在水中的塑料基质中定居。我们的研究结果强调，大型无脊椎动物主要定殖聚苯乙烯底物而不是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯底物。此外，漂浮底物比浸入底物显示出更多的分类群，这表明深度也是区分大型无脊椎动物在塑料底物上定殖的重要因素。此外，还形成了一个生态多样化的群落，其中以单一型生物为主，尺寸在5 ~ 20 mm之间，以植物和动物为食的掠食者、掠食者和掠食者。因此，塑料基质可能通过提供新的表面来增加受污染水域的生物多样性。总的来说，需要进一步的研究来确定塑料凋落物的存在是否也支持由利用不同生态位的分类群组成的大型无脊椎动物群落的建立。

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引用次数: 0

Natural and anthropogenic processes and landforms in the eastern sector of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina (from Pleistocene to Anthropocene) 阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省东部地区的自然和人为过程与地貌（从更新世到人类世）

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100457

Mariel Samanta Luengo , Gabriela D'Amico , Nicole Pommarés , Enrique Fucks

The aim of this work is to analyze landscape-shaping processes in the Pampean plain, eastern sector of the Buenos Aires province, reconstructing the geomorphic evolution from the Late Pleistocene to the Anthropocene. For this purpose, a geomorphological analysis was carried out through the use of satellite images, topographic maps and field work. In this study, natural and anthropogenic processes are addressed in an integrative manner, considering both temporal and spatial scales. The geomorphic characteristics show the preponderance of coastal and aeolian processes over other exogenous processes. The emergence of two littoral barriers, the Samborombón Barrier (SB) and the Easter Sandy Barrier (ESB), has significantly influenced regional geomorphology, showing evidence of Quaternary sea-level fluctuations. Over time, human settlements were strategically located on elevated landforms of the Pampean plain, rich in resources. Since the late 19th century, human activity has rapidly transformed the landscape, especially altering the hydric system, marshes, beaches, dunes and littoral ridges. These processes also generated human-created landforms, such as channels, quarries, alluvial fans, among others. This study provides a regional context for future research, fostering the formulation of hypotheses to better comprehend the evolving dynamics of these environments.

本研究的目的是分析布宜诺斯艾利斯省东部潘潘平原的景观塑造过程，重建从晚更新世到人类世的地貌演变。为此目的，通过使用卫星图像、地形图和实地工作进行了地貌分析。在本研究中，考虑到时间和空间尺度，以综合的方式处理自然和人为过程。地貌特征表明，沿海过程和风成过程比其他外源过程更占优势。Samborombón海障（SB）和复活节沙障（ESB）这两个滨海屏障的出现对区域地貌产生了重大影响，显示了第四纪海平面波动的证据。随着时间的推移，人类定居点战略性地位于潘潘平原的高架地貌上，那里资源丰富。自19世纪后期以来，人类活动迅速改变了景观，特别是改变了水力系统、沼泽、海滩、沙丘和沿海山脊。这些过程也产生了人类创造的地貌，如河道、采石场、冲积扇等。这项研究为未来的研究提供了一个区域背景，促进了假设的形成，以更好地理解这些环境的演变动态。

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引用次数: 0

Patagonia's Late Holocene lake sediments reveal no major black carbon sources for Antarctica 巴塔哥尼亚晚全新世湖泊沉积物显示南极洲没有主要的黑碳来源

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100458

Sandra O. Camara-Brugger , David B. McWethy , Nathan J. Chellman , Oliver Heiri , Andrés Holz , Kyla Zaret , Joseph R. McConnell

Black carbon from biomass and fossil fuel burning is an important aerosol in the climate system. Understanding its historical variation is crucial to constrain current anthropogenic and wildfire impacts on the atmosphere. Patagonia was proposed previously as a major source region for the late 13^th century black carbon increase observed in an ice core from the northern Antarctic Peninsula but not in continental Antarctic ice cores. Here, we reconstruct regional black carbon trends using high-resolution measurements of refractory black carbon (rBC) in two Patagonian lake-sediment cores spanning the last two millennia and compare the results with other records of fire activity in the region. Our new rBC reconstruction, which is consistent with macroscopic charcoal data from the same sites as well as regional charcoal data, indicates low fire activity in this region of Patagonia over the past 2000 years, with no major, long-lasting and systematic increase from the 13^th century onwards that goes significantly beyond values detected earlier in these records. The consistently low rBC deposition at these sites suggests that Patagonian emissions did not contribute to the observed late 13^th century rBC increases in ice cores from the Antarctic Peninsula. Moreover, the low amounts of rBC deposition throughout the Industrial Period suggests that Patagonian rBC records primarily reflect emissions from regional biomass burning and not fossil fuel combustion.

生物质和化石燃料燃烧产生的黑碳是气候系统中重要的气溶胶。了解其历史变化对于限制当前人类活动和野火对大气的影响至关重要。巴塔哥尼亚以前被认为是13世纪晚期在南极半岛北部的冰芯中观测到的黑碳增加的主要来源，但在南极大陆的冰芯中没有观测到。在这里，我们利用对两个巴塔哥尼亚湖沉积物岩心中过去两千年的耐火黑碳（rBC）的高分辨率测量重建了该地区的黑碳趋势，并将结果与该地区其他火灾活动记录进行了比较。我们的新rBC重建，与来自同一地点的宏观木炭数据以及区域木炭数据一致，表明在过去的2000年里，巴塔哥尼亚地区的火灾活动很低，从13世纪开始，没有重大的、长期的和系统的增加，大大超出了这些记录中早期检测到的值。这些地点持续的低rBC沉积表明，巴塔哥尼亚的排放并没有导致观测到的13世纪晚期南极半岛冰芯中rBC的增加。此外，整个工业时期红细胞沉积量低表明，巴塔哥尼亚红细胞记录主要反映了区域生物质燃烧的排放，而不是化石燃料燃烧。

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引用次数: 0