Anthropocene最新文献_第2页

Palaeoecological signals from floodplain and terrace peatlands decipher ancient land use in the Mid-Kama Valley (cis-Ural, Russia) 来自洪泛平原和阶地泥炭地的古生态信号解读了中卡马河谷（俄罗斯乌拉尔地区）古代土地利用

IF 3.9 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100524

Vlada Batalova , Pavel Sannikov , Sergey Kopytov , Ekaterina Novikova , Elizaveta Orlova , Mikhail Pereskokov , Vitaliy Mingalev , Leonid Vyazov , Lyudmila Shumilovskikh

In prehistoric times, humans relied heavily on the physical environment. Topography and climate change significantly influenced ancient cultures, settlement patterns and land use strategies. To gain a comprehensive understanding of environmental and land use changes in the Mid-Kama region, we obtained a core Krasavino from the Kama floodplain and analyzed it using AMS radiocarbon dating, loss-on-ignition, pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, micro- and macrocharcoal analyses. The obtained results were then compared with the palaeoecological records from terraces. The results show that terrace and floodplain records generally reflect similar trends in the environmental Holocene history of the region. They demonstrate the dominance of southern taiga spruce-pine-birch forests in the Middle Holocene (5800–4000 cal BP), the development of fir-spruce-hemiboreal forests ∼4000–2000 cal BP, and the prevalence of fir-spruce and secondary pine-birch forests along with a wide distribution of meadows, ruderal communities and croplands in the last 2000 years. Significant differences in anthropogenic indicators from floodplain and terrace records reveal a clear distinction in land use practices – animal husbandry was primarily confined to floodplains, while agriculture was concentrated on terraces and interfluves. A strong paludification of the Kama Valley at ∼2000 cal BP triggered increased competition for pastures and ultimately led to the exodus of the Early Iron Age population from the region. Only during the past 300 years, agriculture has also expanded into floodplains, coinciding with the development of villages that engage in gardening.

在史前时代，人类严重依赖自然环境。地形和气候变化对古代文化、定居模式和土地利用策略产生了重大影响。为了全面了解中卡马地区的环境和土地利用变化，我们从卡马洪泛平原获取了一个Krasavino岩心，并使用AMS放射性碳测年、着火损失、花粉、非花粉孢粉形态、微观和宏观碳分析对其进行了分析。然后将所得结果与梯田的古生态记录进行比较。结果表明，该区全新世环境史中阶地记录与洪泛平原记录基本一致。研究结果表明，在全新世中期（5800-4000 cal BP），南方针叶林以云杉-松桦林为主；在近2000年（4000-2000 cal BP），冷杉-云杉-半北方森林开始发展；在近2000年，冷杉和次生松桦林普遍存在，草甸、原始群落和农田分布广泛。洪泛区和阶地记录中人类活动指标的显著差异揭示了土地利用方式的明显区别——畜牧业主要局限于洪泛区，而农业集中在阶地和间接地。大约2000 cal BP时，卡玛谷的强烈混化引发了对牧场的激烈竞争，最终导致早期铁器时代的人口从该地区迁出。仅在过去的300年里，农业也扩展到洪泛区，与从事园艺的村庄的发展相一致。

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引用次数: 0

Leaching of legacy paper mill sludge induces lithification by cementation of fluvial sediment 造纸厂遗留污泥的淋滤通过河流沉积物的胶结作用诱发石化

IF 3.9 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100523

Md Jahangir Alam , John M. MacDonald

This study investigates the formation of anthropogenic conglomeratic rock caused by the lithification of natural fluvial sediment due to calcium leaching from adjacent paper mill sludge (PMS) deposits. The research focuses on a site near Penicuik, Scotland, where historical paper mill activities resulted in calcium-rich waste accumulation. Field observations identified lithified sediment on the stream bed beneath the PMS heaps, with natural clasts cemented by calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). Microstructural analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed that the cementing material is predominantly calcite. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis further validated the mineralogical composition, revealing calcite-rich cementation. Stable isotope analysis (δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O) indicated a mixed carbon source, with approximately 40 % derived from atmospheric CO₂ and 60 % from lithogenic origins. These findings demonstrate that Ca^2 + leached from PMS dissolved into pore water which migrated down into the fluvial sediment, facilitating calcite precipitation and binding sediment particles into a cohesive structure. This anthropogenic conglomerate challenges traditional classifications of sedimentary rocks and has implications for waste management, pollutant immobilization, and localized carbon sequestration. This anthropogenic lithification process parallels natural clastic sedimentary rock formation but occurs at the Earth's surface and on much shorter timescales. The results highlight the geochemical interactions between industrial waste and natural sediments, emphasizing human influence on sedimentary systems, bridging gaps between natural and anthropogenic geology.

本研究探讨了邻近造纸厂污泥（PMS）沉积物的钙浸出导致天然河流沉积物的岩化作用所导致的人为砾岩的形成。这项研究集中在苏格兰佩尼库克附近的一个地方，那里历史上的造纸厂活动导致了富含钙的废物堆积。野外观察发现，在PMS堆下面的河床上有岩化沉积物，其中有碳酸钙₃（CaCO₃）粘合的天然碎屑。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散x射线光谱（EDX）进行的微观结构分析证实，胶结材料主要是方解石。x射线衍射（XRD）分析进一步验证了矿物组成，揭示了富含方解石的胶结。稳定同位素分析（δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O）表明碳源为混合碳源，其中约40% %来自大气CO₂，60% %来自岩石成因。这些发现表明，从PMS中浸出的Ca2 +溶解在孔隙水中，并向下迁移到河流沉积物中，促进方解石沉淀并将沉积物颗粒结合成一个内聚结构。这种人为砾岩挑战了沉积岩的传统分类，并对废物管理、污染物固定化和局部碳封存具有重要意义。这种人为的岩化过程与自然的碎屑沉积岩形成过程相似，但发生在地球表面，时间尺度要短得多。研究结果强调了工业废弃物与自然沉积物之间的地球化学相互作用，强调了人类对沉积体系的影响，弥合了自然地质与人为地质之间的差距。

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引用次数: 0

InSAR shows extensive subsidence of agricultural land in New Zealand InSAR显示了新西兰农业用地的大面积下沉

IF 3.9 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100525

Mark Harvey , Yasser Maghsoudi , Clint Rissmann

Historically, New Zealand was dominated by forests and wetlands below the alpine treeline. However, approximately 1000 years of Polynesian and European settlement have resulted in the loss of nearly three-quarters of original forest cover, with agricultural development playing a significant role in this transformation through wetland drainage and land conversion to pasture. Our findings utilise InSAR to show that subsidence is occurring across large areas of agricultural land in Waikato and Southland, particularly in landscapes that were historically wetlands but have since been converted for agricultural use. Subsidence is also present across the more arid Canterbury Plains. In contrast, towns, rivers, and protected wetlands show little to no subsidence. In low-relief farmland, a variety of agricultural practices including drainage, tillage, irrigation, livestock grazing, and mechanised compaction, lead to subsidence through distinct mechanisms such as soil densification, oxidation (causing CO₂ emissions), and aquifer compaction. Additionally, downslope creep on east and west-facing mountain slopes in Southland and Canterbury is likely to have been exacerbated by the clearance of deep-rooted vegetation for pastoral agriculture. These observations have important implications for a variety of environmental issues, including water quality, soil and aquifer compaction, CO₂ emissions, flooding, erosion, and landslide mitigation.

历史上，新西兰主要是高山林木线以下的森林和湿地。然而，大约1000年的波利尼西亚人和欧洲人的定居导致了近四分之三的原始森林覆盖的损失，农业发展通过湿地排水和土地转化为牧场在这种转变中发挥了重要作用。我们的研究结果利用InSAR显示，下沉正在Waikato和Southland的大片农业用地上发生，特别是在历史上曾经是湿地但后来被转化为农业用途的景观中。更干旱的坎特伯雷平原也出现了下沉。相比之下，城镇、河流和受保护的湿地几乎没有下沉。在低洼农田，各种农业实践，包括排水、耕作、灌溉、牲畜放牧和机械压实，通过不同的机制导致下沉，如土壤致密化、氧化（导致二氧化碳排放）和含水层压实。此外，在南地和坎特伯雷，东西向的山坡上的下坡蠕变很可能因放牧农业对深根植被的清除而加剧。这些观测结果对各种环境问题具有重要意义，包括水质、土壤和含水层压实、二氧化碳排放、洪水、侵蚀和滑坡缓解。

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引用次数: 0

Regional vegetation and climate changes are inconsistent with global trends, but what now? 区域植被和气候变化与全球趋势不一致，但现在呢？

IF 3.9 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100522

Michael D. Cramer , Johanna R.C. von Holdt , Heidi-Jayne Hawkins , M. Timm Hoffman

Global greening is a trend attributed to rising atmospheric CO₂, warming and land-use change. However, certain regions may diverge from this pattern. South Africa, which occupies 0.82 % of the global terrestrial surface area with ca. 10 % of global Plantae species, is considered especially vulnerable to climate change. We analysed enhanced vegetation indices (EVI) from 1984 to 2021 across protected areas, correlating this with climate data from ground stations and reanalysis models (TerraClimate, ERA5, CFSv2). The data were aggregated for ten vegetation biomes and anomaly values calculated (i.e., departure of annual value from site mean for the entire period). Results showed significant declines in EVI anomalies over time in seven biomes (Desert, Forests, Fynbos, Grassland, Indian Ocean Coastal Belt, Savanna and Succulent Karoo) out of ten. Temporal EVI variability did not increase, and there was little evidence for changes in precipitation or aridity. Contrary to global patterns, regional ground station average temperatures were relatively stable between 1980 and 2021 whereas maximum temperature increased, and minimum temperatures decreased, resulting in a sharp increase in temperature ranges (0.455°C decade⁻¹). A shift in average temperature trends, however, occurred in 2007, with a subsequent linear rise of 0.36°C decade^-1. While reanalysis data agree with ground station data on the lack of precipitation change, it diverged on temperature trends, showing low correlation with ground observations raising concerns about its accuracy at the regional level. We conclude that South Africa’s vegetation patterns diverge from the global greening trend. It is uncertain how the observed increases in temperature ranges, recent increases in average annual temperature, and varying disturbances may drive future vegetation change.

全球绿化是大气中二氧化碳含量上升、气候变暖和土地利用变化造成的一种趋势。然而，某些地区可能会偏离这种模式。南非占全球陆地面积的0.82 %，拥有全球约10. %的植物物种，被认为特别容易受到气候变化的影响。我们分析了1984 - 2021年各保护区植被指数（EVI）的增强情况，并将其与地面站和再分析模型（TerraClimate、ERA5、CFSv2）的气候数据进行了关联。对10个植被生物群系的数据进行了汇总，并计算了异常值（即整个时期的年值与站点平均值的偏差）。结果表明，在荒漠、森林、芬博斯、草原、印度洋海岸带、稀树草原和多肉卡鲁等7个生物群落中，EVI异常随时间显著下降。EVI的时间变率没有增加，降水和干旱变化的证据也很少。与全球模式相反，区域地面站平均温度在1980 - 2021年间相对稳定，而最高温度升高，最低温度降低，导致温度范围急剧增加（0.455°C 10 - 1）。然而，平均温度趋势在2007年发生了变化，随后的十年上升了0.36°C。虽然再分析数据与地面站数据一致，没有降水变化，但在温度趋势上存在分歧，显示出与地面观测的低相关性，这引起了对其在区域一级准确性的担忧。我们得出结论，南非的植被模式偏离了全球绿化趋势。目前尚不确定观测到的温度范围的增加、最近年平均温度的增加以及各种干扰如何驱动未来的植被变化。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying the past and future hydrological consequences of climate change and human activities on the upstream of the Anzali Wetland 量化气候变化和人类活动对安扎里湿地上游过去和未来的水文影响

IF 3.9 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100521

Yazdan Parhoun, Mohammad Ali Banihashemi, Mohsen Nasseri

The impacts of climate change and human activities on hydrological dynamics in riverine ecosystems, particularly wetlands, have become increasingly evident, prompting extensive scientific investigation. This study investigates the inflow to the Anzali Wetland in northern Iran, considering land use/land cover (LULC) dynamics over the simulation period and assessing the combined effects of climate change and LULC changes across past, present, and future periods. To generate future LULC maps, the Cellular Automata Markov (CA–Markov) model was employed, while future precipitation and temperature data were downscaled using the LARS-WG 8.0 under the SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, and SSP5–8.5 scenarios from the IPCC Six^th Assessment Report. In addition, four methods were applied to quantify the contributions of human activities and climate change to streamflow variations. The findings reveal that the impact of direct human activities exceeds that of climate change and plays a more dominant role in altering river flow patterns. The projected streamflow for the 2030–2040 period also indicates that the inflow to Anzali Wetland will continue its declining trend. For instance, the mean annual streamflow of the Masuleh Rudkhan River, at the wetland inlet, is expected to decrease by 13 %, 31 %, and 24 % under SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, and SSP5–8.5 scenarios, respectively, compared to the baseline period. In light of these findings and since the impacts of climate change are not directly controllable, policymakers are advised to develop and implement adaptive management strategies. Assessing the performance of various scenarios over time can help formulate more effective policies to enhance resilience to climate change.

气候变化和人类活动对河流生态系统，特别是湿地水文动态的影响日益明显，促使了广泛的科学研究。本研究考察了伊朗北部Anzali湿地的流入，考虑了模拟期间的土地利用/土地覆盖（LULC）动态，并评估了气候变化和LULC变化在过去、现在和未来时期的综合影响。为了生成未来的LULC地图，采用细胞自动性马尔可夫（CA-Markov）模型，并使用LARS-WG 8.0对IPCC第六次评估报告中SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5情景下的未来降水和温度数据进行了缩减。此外，采用四种方法量化了人类活动和气候变化对河流流量变化的贡献。研究结果表明，人类直接活动的影响超过了气候变化的影响，在改变河流流量模式方面发挥了更大的主导作用。2030-2040年的预测流量也表明，安扎里湿地的入流量将继续呈下降趋势。例如，在SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5情景下，Masuleh Rudkhan河在湿地入口处的年平均流量预计分别比基线期减少13 %、31 %和24 %。鉴于这些发现，并且由于气候变化的影响不能直接控制，建议政策制定者制定和实施适应性管理战略。随着时间的推移，评估各种情景的表现有助于制定更有效的政策，以增强对气候变化的适应能力。

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引用次数: 0

Geomorphological impact of short-term urbanisation on the alluvial-coastal plain of a Mediterranean military port city (La Spezia, Italy) 短期城市化对地中海军事港口城市滨海冲积平原的地貌影响（意大利拉斯佩齐亚）

IF 3.9 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100520

Andrea Ferrando , Andrea Mandarino , Manuela Pelfini , Francesco Faccini

Urban growth has severely modified the landscape in various morphoclimatic contexts worldwide. This research presents the geomorphological footprint of the urban expansion that affected La Spezia, a Mediterranean city with a military and civil port of international relevance. The landscape changes occurred over the last two centuries and associated with the urban growth were defined in a GIS environment through the multi-temporal comparison of scientific, cartographic, and historical documentation, integrated with field surveys and the analysis of stratigraphic logs. Three urbanization stages were recognized: the pre-urbanization phase (18th–mid-19th century), the onset of rapid urban expansion (late 19th century), triggered by the construction of a military arsenal, and the current configuration. The physical setting of the area directly influenced the siting of the arsenal, which in turn drove the process of urban development. This urban expansion led to the total erasure of several landforms, which are now buried, remodelled, or destroyed; geomorphic constraints were bypassed through large-scale coastal infill and relief reconfiguration to enable urban growth. Major landscape transformations occurred over a relatively short period of time, preventing the typical stratification of anthropogenic landforms commonly observed in older urban settings. The geomorphological mapping approach adopted in this study proved to be an effective and replicable tool for addressing the challenges of documenting a landscape that no longer exists. The outcomes provide essential knowledge to raise public awareness of urban geomorphology and hydro-geomorphic risks, as well as to inform the development of management strategies for the urban environment.

城市发展严重改变了世界各地各种形态气候背景下的景观。本研究展示了影响拉斯佩齐亚（La Spezia）的城市扩张的地貌足迹，拉斯佩齐亚是一座地中海城市，拥有国际相关的军事和民用港口。在地理信息系统环境中，通过对科学、制图和历史文献的多时间比较，结合实地调查和地层测井分析，确定了过去两个世纪发生的与城市发展相关的景观变化。城市化分为三个阶段：前城市化阶段（18世纪至19世纪中期），由军事武器库建设引发的快速城市扩张的开始（19世纪后期），以及当前的配置。该地区的物理环境直接影响了兵工厂的选址，反过来又推动了城市发展的进程。这种城市扩张导致了一些地貌的完全消失，这些地貌现在被掩埋、改造或摧毁；通过大规模的沿海填筑和地形重塑，绕过了地貌的限制，使城市得以发展。主要的景观变化发生在相对较短的时间内，防止了在旧城市环境中常见的典型人为地貌分层。本研究中采用的地貌测绘方法被证明是一种有效的、可复制的工具，可以解决记录已不复存在的景观的挑战。研究结果为提高公众对城市地貌和水文地貌风险的认识提供了必要的知识，并为城市环境管理策略的制定提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of climate change on major migrations in Turkish history (1700 BC-850 AD) 气候变化对土耳其历史上主要移民的影响（公元前1700年-公元850年）

IF 3.9 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100519

Emre Ozsahin , Egemen Cagrı Mızrak

This study examined the effects of climate change on major migrations in Turkish history within the Inner Asian Homeland (IAH), which is considered the ancestral homeland of the Turkish nation. The scope of this paper, conducted within the framework of interdisciplinary cooperation between geography and history, focuses on the period (1700 BC-850 AD) when significant population movements were observed among Turkic dynasties in the IAH. This study employs various artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted approaches to synthesize limited data obtained from literature reviews and to generate time-series analyses. The research was enhanced with paleoclimatic data and supported by cartographic methods. These findings provide valuable insights that contribute to the reinterpretation of events in Turkey and world history. This study provides an example of a research approach that facilitates the interdisciplinary cooperation between geographers and historians. Furthermore, the integration of geographical and historical perspectives enriches our understanding of climate-human relationships throughout history.

本研究考察了气候变化对土耳其历史上内亚洲家园（IAH）内主要移民的影响，该地区被认为是土耳其民族的祖先家园。本文的研究范围是在地理学和历史学跨学科合作的框架内进行的，主要集中在（公元前1700年-公元850年）这一时期，当时在IAH的突厥王朝之间观察到大量人口流动。本研究采用各种人工智能（AI）辅助方法来综合从文献综述中获得的有限数据并生成时间序列分析。利用古气候资料加强研究，并辅以地图学方法。这些发现为重新解释土耳其和世界历史事件提供了有价值的见解。这项研究提供了一个研究方法的例子，促进了地理学家和历史学家之间的跨学科合作。此外，地理和历史视角的整合丰富了我们对历史上气候与人类关系的理解。

引用次数: 0

Spatio-temporal distribution, ecological risks and possible sources of heavy metals in Lake Gahai on northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Response to anthropogenic activities and environmental changes

IF 3.9 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100518

Jinxin Wen , Chunliang Gao , Aiying Cheng , Haicheng Wei , Xiuyun Min , Hongyu Li , Chenyu Wang , Na Chao , Bo Dong

The closed lakes are sensitive to environmental changes and human activities on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, however, the mechanism of centennial heavy metals (HMs) pollution is still controversial. The sedimentary evolution of Lake Gahai was reconstructed based on the HMs (e.g., Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Hg, As, Mn) concentration, Pb isotope fingerprints (e.g., ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb), grain sizes and other proxy indicators during 1852–2023 AD. The earthquake triggered the release of Pb, Cu, Cr and Mn from bedrock in 1937 AD, industrialization led to Hg and Cd deposition flux multiplication during 1975–2006 AD, environmental policies reduced anthropogenic Hg input by 45 % after 2006 AD, which confirmed by Pb isotope ratio (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb=1.1848–1.1920). The pollution load index (PLI) value was 1.776, suggesting the entire lake was moderately polluted, with Cd and As surface enrichment reaching 2.2–2.6 times higher than the background values. The highest risks of potential ecological risk index (PERI >200) were found near transportation, lake entrance and central sampling sites. Pb isotope ratios showed that the sources in low Pb concentration sites were controlled by natural weathering (66 %) and anthropogenic activities (34 %), which was significantly different from the results of anthropogenic sources calculated by absolute principal component score–multiple linear regression (PCA-APCS-MLR) and positive matrix factorisation (PMF) models. This study had established a driving chain linking geological events, industrialization and policy regulation, and provided a theoretical framework for controlling multi-source pollution in high-altitude lakes.

根据1852 ~ 2023年的Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、As、Mn等HMs浓度、Pb同位素指纹图谱（206Pb/207Pb、208Pb/206Pb）、粒度等代用指标，重建尕海湖沉积演化。1937年地震引发基岩中Pb、Cu、Cr和Mn的释放，1975-2006年工业化导致Hg和Cd的沉积通量增加，2006年以后环境政策使人为汞输入减少了45 %，Pb同位素比值（206Pb/207Pb= 1.1848-1.1920）证实了这一点。污染负荷指数（PLI）为1.776，表明整个湖泊处于中度污染状态，Cd和As的表面富集程度达到背景值的2.2 ~ 2.6倍。潜在生态风险指数（PERI >200）最高的是交通枢纽、湖泊入口和中心样点。Pb同位素比值表明，低浓度站点的Pb来源受自然风化（66 %）和人为活动（34 %）的控制，这与绝对主成分分数-多元线性回归（PCA-APCS-MLR）和正矩阵分解（PMF）模型计算的人为来源结果有显著差异。建立了地质事件-工业化-政策调控的驱动链条，为高原湖泊多源污染治理提供了理论框架。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of precipitation shifts and warming trends in tropical deciduous forests of Central India 降水变化和变暖趋势对印度中部热带落叶林的影响

IF 3.9 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100516

Gajendra Kumar , Amit Kumar , Purabi Saikia

Tropical deciduous forests face increasing threats of rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, and anthropogenic disturbances, making it more susceptible to forest fires and invasion. To understand the climate sensitivity of tropical deciduous forests, the present study attempts to bridge the significant research gaps by systematically evaluating the long-term trends and patterns of precipitation and temperature over the past five decades (1971–2020) and examining their potential linkages with forest cover and canopy density in highly diverse forests of Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve (PBR), Central India. The study exhibited pronounced fluctuations in the meteorological variables in recent years with a significant shift in peak precipitation from the second half of the monsoon to post-monsoon periods. However, the region experienced warming trends with the rise in mean temperature during these periods, affecting the forest phenology. The study recorded a decrease in forest cover of 391 km² (-13.92 % change), which coincides with the potential variations in these meteorological parameters in PBR. Approximately 30 % of the area recorded considerable changes in vegetation greenness, either declining (browning) or increasing (greening) patterns, as indicated by Sen's slope analysis of annual Normalized Difference Vegetation Index trends. Notably, central PBR (∼24 %) exhibited declined Forest Canopy Density (FCD: <40 %), contrast to the improved FCD (>60 %) in western and southern PBR. This study highlighted substantial canopy losses, primarily in the Dry Teak Forest (-41.26 %) followed by the Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest (-19.95 %), thus useful in developing strategic policies to uphold tropical forests under dynamic environmental conditions.

热带落叶森林面临越来越大的威胁，包括气温上升、降雨模式不稳定和人为干扰，使其更容易受到森林火灾和入侵的影响。为了了解热带落叶森林的气候敏感性，本研究试图通过系统评估过去50年（1971-2020年）降水和温度的长期趋势和模式，并研究它们与印度中部Pachmarhi生物圈保护区（PBR）高度多样化森林的森林覆盖和冠层密度的潜在联系，来弥补重大的研究空白。研究表明，近年来气象变量波动明显，降水峰值从季风后半期向季风后期明显转移。然而，在这些时期，随着平均气温的上升，该地区经历了变暖趋势，影响了森林物候。研究记录到森林覆盖减少了391 km2(-13.92 %)，这与这些气象参数在PBR中的潜在变化相吻合。根据Sen对年度归一化差异植被指数趋势的坡度分析，大约30% %的区域记录了植被绿化率的显著变化，要么下降（褐变），要么增加（绿化）。值得注意的是，中部PBR（~ 24 %）的林冠密度（FCD: <40 %）下降，而西部和南部PBR的林冠密度（>60 %）则有所改善。这项研究强调了大量的冠层损失，主要是在干柚木林（-41.26 %），其次是干混合落叶林（-19.95 %），因此有助于制定战略政策，在动态环境条件下保护热带森林。

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引用次数: 0

Late Holocene deforestation and reforestation controls lake mixing regimes and aquatic ecology: Lessons from anthropogenic disturbances in NE Poland 全新世晚期的森林砍伐和重新造林控制了湖泊混合制度和水生生态：波兰东北部人为干扰的教训

IF 3.9 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100517

Giulia Wienhues , Hendrik Vogel , Wojciech Tylmann , Martin Grosjean

Lakes are highly sensitive to environmental changes, making them valuable archives for reconstructing past responses to human disturbances and ecosystem dynamics. While the effects of climate warming on lake oxygenation and primary production are well documented, the impacts of long-term land-use changes - particularly deforestation - on lake mixing and biogeochemical cycling remain poorly understood. This study investigates the response of Lake Rzęśniki (NE Poland) to Late Holocene land-cover changes, particularly the effects of massive 15th century deforestation, on lake productivity, redox conditions, and nutrient cycling. Our results indicate that closed forest canopy around the lake provides wind protection and supports long-term stable stratification, hypolimnetic anoxia and possibly efficient phosphorus recycling (through reductive dissolution) throughout most of the Early and Late Holocene at Lake Rzęśniki. After the 15th century CE, deforestation triggered a fundamental shift in the lake’s physical and biogeochemical state. The removal of the forest wind shield resulted in enhanced lake mixing, bottom-water oxygenation, and restructured the aquatic ecosystem. Enhanced soil erosion increased nutrient fluxes to the lake and eutrophication. 20th-century reforestation around the lake re-established the wind sheltering effect of the forest, renewed lake stratification, and hypolimnetic anoxia. This also increased aquatic primary production, suggesting possible chemical feedback mechanisms driving nutrient dynamics. Comparison with three other lakes shows that the responses of Lake Rzęśniki to forest cover changes are reproducible, systematic and a time-space transgressive regional phenomenon. Our results highlight the complex interactions between deforestation, lake stratification and anoxia, and eutrophication, providing critical insights into long-term anthropogenic impacts on aquatic ecosystems.

湖泊对环境变化高度敏感，这使它们成为重建过去对人类干扰和生态系统动态响应的宝贵档案。虽然气候变暖对湖泊氧合和初级生产的影响有充分的文献记载，但长期土地利用变化——特别是森林砍伐——对湖泊混合和生物地球化学循环的影响仍然知之甚少。本文研究了Rzęśniki湖（波兰东北部）对全新世晚期土地覆盖变化的响应，特别是15世纪大规模森林砍伐对湖泊生产力、氧化还原条件和养分循环的影响。我们的研究结果表明，在整个全新世早期和晚期，Rzęśniki湖周围的封闭森林冠层提供了风保护，并支持长期稳定的分层，低氧缺氧和可能有效的磷循环（通过还原性溶解）。公元15世纪以后，森林砍伐引发了湖泊物理和生物地球化学状态的根本转变。森林风屏障的移除导致湖泊混合增强，底层水氧化增强，水生生态系统重构。土壤侵蚀加剧增加了湖泊的养分通量和富营养化。20世纪，湖泊周围的重新造林重建了森林的挡风效果，更新了湖泊分层和低代谢缺氧。这也增加了水生初级生产，表明可能的化学反馈机制驱动营养动态。与其他3个湖泊的对比表明，Rzęśniki湖对森林覆盖变化的响应具有可重复性、系统性，是一种时空侵进的区域现象。我们的研究结果强调了森林砍伐、湖泊分层和缺氧以及富营养化之间复杂的相互作用，为人类对水生生态系统的长期影响提供了重要的见解。

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